Berkshire Publishing 2014 Catalog

Berkshire

2014 Catalog

Publishing

EduCation

digital

sErviCEs

WElComE to bErkshirEB erkshire Publishing Group is a leader in resources for international

education, with staff, editors, and authors around the world. Berkshire offers print and online publications with a global perspective in a

wide range of disciplines: world history, international relations, sports, community, religion and society, popular culture, and environmental issues.

Berkshire encourages its thousands of expert authors to provide broad global context and substantive assessments, offering the reader the “How?” and “Why?” of a subject and not just the Who, What, When, and Where.

With the launch of the 10-volume Berkshire Encyclopedia of Sustainability in 2013, and the three-volume Berkshire Dictionary of Chinese Biography in 2014, Berkshire has established definitive publications that will evolve and expand online.

Attributes that set Berkshire apart from other publishers, large and small, include:

• Ground-breaking subjects, including Community, Leadership, and Big History• Peer-reviewed encyclopedia articles written by leading experts• Contributors from thousands of institutions in over 70 countries• Editorial quality standards delineated and published in the Berkshire Manual of

Style for International Publishing• Acclaimed design and extensive use of contemporay and historical illustrationsBerkshire was founded in 1998 as Berkshire Reference Works by editor and environmental writer Karen Christensen. Berkshire was an academic reference book producer in those early days, developing encyclopedias for Scribner’s, Routledge, Macmillan, H. W. Wilson, and ABC-CLIO. Berkshire conceived and developed the award-winning publications with which SAGE Reference was launched in 2002–2004. Later, the independent Berkshire imprint was launched with the Berkshire Encyclopedia of World History, now in a second edition and being translated into Chinese.

WElComE to bErkshirE

3 宝库山 Berkshire PuBlishing grouP 8 www.berkshirepublishing.com 8 [email protected] 8 tel + 413 528 0206

B erkshire is moving at a gallop in the Year of the Horse, transitioning from books and databases to online education for students, educators, and other professionals. We’re increasingly conscious of the social nature of learning and while we are proud of our past and current reference titles, our

new focus is on how we can make the amazing treasure house of knowledge in our Berkshire titles more widely available, online and in mobile devices as well as in book and ebook formats. We are developing sites like ChinaConnectU.com (see page 63 for more information), where we offer exciting supplemen-tary material that can be used in the classroom, and we’re creating video collections to accompany many of our reference titles. Please visit our website and join us on Facebook and WeChat!

You’ll enjoy meeting the team at Berkshire, a group of inveterate travelers, readers, and explorers. We apply our own experience to what we do as publishers and are putting more how-to information every day into our blogs, about everything from making better and more efficient use of social media tools and learning to use cloud computing platforms to tips for working with global teams and managing projects with people who are spread, as we are, from India to Germany to Colorado to Australia.

Karen Christensen

CEO and Founder, Berkshire Publishing Group

Tel +1 413 528 0206 [email protected] & WeChat: karen_christensen

Karen Christensen’s books include Home Ecology: Making Your World a Better Place, 25th anniversary edition (2014), Eco Living: A Handbook for the 21st Century (2000), and The Armchair Environmentalist (2004).

Dartmouth

Cornell

Penn

Princeton

Columbia

Yale

Brown

Harvard 哈佛大学

耶

布朗大学

康奈尔大学

普林斯

ATLANTIC OCEAN

哥

BOSTON

NEW YORK

PHILADELPHIA

波士

GREAT BARRINGTON

BERKSHIRE宝

Berkshire Publishing is located in the heart of the Ivy League

E nvironmental sustainability is especially important at Berkshire because the company’s founder and CEO, Karen Christensen, is also an environ-mental author. Berkshire is continually looking for ways to reduce the

environmental impact of its activities while ensuring that the vital information provided in Berkshire publications reaches a larger readership.

We’ve always intended to make the world a better place through the things that we produce and share. This comes out of Karen’s conviction that all of us want to lead a life that is meaningful and to see the work we do contribute to making the world and the future better. Too many people think that unless you work for an environmental organization, or volunteer for a cause, that you are not making the world a better place, but Karen believes that everyone has oppor-tunities every day to do something to make life better for other people.

We at Berkshire have found that there are certain issues that are simply unknown to most people, even to experts in the field—the enormous envi-ronmental footprint of cloud-based data storage being one—and we take great pride in alerting people to things that they can do something about.

Our focus on improving international relations and global understanding is also intended to make a difference, by educating the next generation and helping educators as well as general readers to expand their horizons. As Kerry Brown, editor in chief of the Berkshire Dictionary of Chinese Biography, put it recently, “When [Chinese] history has a face, particularly the face of an indi-vidual with all their quirks, then it becomes more manageable.”

At our website, berkshirepublishing.com, you’ll see more in the way of free practical tools and tips on how to apply ideas and information found in Berkshire publications to the real world.

making a diffErEnCE


ContEnts

B erkshire Publishing’s goal is to make sense of the information that floods our lives, approaching perennial subjects in fresh ways. We live in a world of technological change and ecological challenge, a world

in which connections matter more than ever before in history. Berkshire focuses on networks and connections: to other people, other cultures, and the biosphere. We provide clear explanations of complex scientific and theo-retical issues, and we use new digital tools to encourage dialogue, debate, and interdisciplinary thinking.

Editors & sEnior staff

William H. McNeillEmeritus Professor

University of Chicago

Kerry BrownUniversity of Sydney

David Christian Macquarie University

Daniel FogelWake Forest University

Karen Christensen

Bill Siever Tom Christensen

Amanda Prigge Anna Myers RachelChristensen

Kara Lozier

Allen GuttmannAmherst College

Trevor Young Kathy Brock

staff

MarjolijnKaiser

Gertrud PfisterUniversity of Copenhagen

Heidi RossIndiana University

ContEnts


Dictionary of Chinese Biography editor in chief Kerry Brown, with Confucius in Sydney. Brown says, “When history has a face, particularly the face of an individual with all their quirks, then it becomes more manageable.”

Berkshire’s senior editor and advisor, Professor W. H. McNeill, received the National Medal of Honor from President Barack Obama in February 2010. The medal reads, “Expanding Our Understanding of the World.”

Welcome to Berkshire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2

Making a Difference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4

Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6

China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8

Sports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Sustainability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Social Sciences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

World History. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

William H. McNeill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

This World of Ours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Berkshire Essentials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Berkshire Classics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

Education and Teaching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

Subscriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

Foreign Rights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

Press and Inquiries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

Berkshire Image Collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

Sample Articles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

Order Form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

B erkshire publishes the leading academic resources on China past and present—in-cluding the 5-volume Berkshire Encyclopedia

of China and the 3-volume Berkshire Dictionary of Chinese Biography, the first general work of its kind since 1898—as well as shorter books and the online educational platform ChinaConnectU.com.

China 中华

See page 63 for more information about ChinaConnectU.com宝库山教育信息网

“All students of China and indeed of East Asia and world history will be greatly aided in their studies by this comprehensive reference work. The Berkshire Dictionary of Chinese Biography is a true milestone in collaborative historical research.”

— Wm. Theodore de Bary, Columbia University, author of Sources of Chinese Tradition

Berkshire PuBlishing


Berkshire Dictionary of Chinese Biography, Volumes 1–3 The Berkshire Dictionary of Chinese Biography, the first publication of its kind since 1898, is the work of more than one hundred internationally recognized experts from nearly a dozen countries. It has been designed to satisfy the growing thirst of students, researchers, professionals, and general readers for knowledge about China. It makes the entire span of Chinese history manageable by introducing the reader to emperors, politicians, poets, writers, artists, scientists, warlords, explorers, and philosophers who have shaped and transformed China over the course of five thousand years. In 135 entries, ranging from 1,000 to 8,000 words and written by some of the world’s leading China scholars, the Berkshire Dictionary of Chinese Biography takes the reader from the important (even if possibly mythological) figures of ancient China to Communist leaders Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping. The in-depth essays provide rich historical context and create a compelling narrative that weaves abstract concepts and disparate events into a coherent story. Cross-references between the articles show the connections between times, places, movements, events, and individuals.

Berkshire Dictionary of Chinese Biography Volume 4 Volume 4 of the Dictionary of Chinese Biography is a stand-alone handbook of short biographies of key people in China since the country’s “opening up” to the rest of the world in 1979. These individuals include political figures, business leaders, lawyers, activists, writers, artists, intellectuals, and scientists, with the coverage extending in this volume to “Greater China” in order to include influential people of Chinese origin around the world. The list of individuals has been curated by leading China experts. New people will be added to future editions and articles will be updated regularly, with supplementary information and analysis available online.

Volumes 1–3 : US$595 : 9781933782669 : Also available in color and ebook editions. For more information, visit: http://bit.ly/dictionarychinesebiographyVolume 4: US$199 : Pre-publication price: US$175 : 9781614729006 : Also available in color and ebook editions. 4-Volume Set : US$729 : 9781614729754For print/digital bundle prices or color editions, please contact [email protected]

Editor in Chief

Kerry Brown, University of Sydney

Editorial Advisory Board

Christopher Cullen, Needham Research Institute, Cambridge University

Julia Lovell, University of London

Peng Guoxiang, Peking University

Chloë Starr, Yale University

Jan Stuart, The British Museum

John Wills, Jr., University of Southern California

Frances Wood, British Library

Associate Editors

Patrick Boehler, University of Hong Kong

Sylvia Hui, Independent scholar, London

Wai (Winnie) Tsui, The Chinese University of Hong KongThe Eight Immortals (or Eight El-ders) by Tani Buncho (1763–1840). Seikado Bunko Art Museum.

Contributors include

Ross Terrill on Mao Zedong

Ezra Vogel on Deng Xiaoping

Hannah Pakula on Soong Mei-ling

Jonathan Fenby on Chiang Kai-shek

John Minford on Cao Xueqin

Peter Ditmanson on Emperor Yongle

Tao Tao Liu on Li Bai and Du Fu

Colin Mackerras on Emperor Qianlong and Tang Xianzu

Mark Strange on Sima Guang

Grant Hardy on Sima Qian

Jeffrey Richey on Confucius

Livia Kohn on Laozi

See sample article on page 71

http://bit.ly/dictionarychinesebiography



Berkshire Encyclopedia of ChinaModern and Historic Views of the World’s Newest and Oldest Global Power

宝库山中华全书: 跨越历史和现代审视最新和最古老的全球大国

The five-volume Berkshire Encyclopedia of China is truly a 21st-century work, with coverage of environmental issues, global economics, online communications, and the latest political developments. While these volumes include many articles about China’s earliest history—going back 5,000 years and even further into the past—the Encyclopedia of China is focused on the events, concepts, and people that matter today. The authors of its 800 articles are scholars at major Chinese and Western universities and research institutes. The accessibly written and lavishly illustrated articles range from 600 to 6,000 words. Article titles appear in English and in Chinese with pinyin transliterations and tones to help those studying the language, while primary text sidebars add historical perspective. The Berkshire Encyclopedia of China provides unrivaled insight into China’s past, present, and future.

BookNews: “critical and knowledgeable,” “topics include businesses, political figures and parties, historical events, military figures and events, poets, art, natural resources, and technol-ogy.” Booklist: “handsome and user

friendly,” “charming,” “generously sized illustrations,” “highly recommended for academic, public, and high-school libraries.” Library Journal: “thorough without being overly complicated,” “insight-ful.” Midwest Book Review: “informed and informative articles contributed by outstanding scholars from China and around the world,” “a core reference which is highly recommended for personal, professional, academic, and community libraries.” School Library Journal: “abundant photos, vi-gnette drawings, proverbs, headings and parts of entries in pinyin and Chinese characters, and attractive layout,” “the achievement of this ambitious work is admirable.”

5 volumes : US$800 : 9780977015948 : Digital editions available. Some digital editions available in full color : For more information, visit: http://bit.ly/encyclopedia-of-china

Features:

• 800 articles about Chinese history and culture, focusing on patterns and continuities

• Articles about China in the world today, with a focus on cultural, political, and economic relationships; military expansion; and human and religious rights

• News-related coverage on social and environmental issues (“Food Safety”), new communications and media (“Internet Use” and “Blogging”), and topics relevant to the global economic crisis (“Stock Markets,” “Beijing Consensus,” and “Currency Valuation”)

• Over 1,200 unique photographs, maps, timelines, and primary source sidebars, and dozens of traditional proverbs

Booklist Editor’s Choice

Library Journal best reference source

Editors: Linsun Cheng, University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth; Kerry Brown, University of Sydney; Winberg Chai, University of Wyoming; et al.

See page 44 for This Is China, the classroom companion to the Berkshire Encyclopedia of China

http://bit.ly/encyclopedia-of-china

China


“Take a publisher with a decade of experience in China, add a group of well-known Chinese and Western scholars, sprinkle in dozens of traditional Chinese proverbs, and the end result is this sumptuous resource on all things China for the 21st century.”

— Best Reference 2010

Pinyin and ChineseEach encyclopedia article includes pinyin and Chinese translations of the article title, perfect for Chinese language courses.

Informative abstracts provide an overview

Visual learning toolsover 1,200 unique photographs. maps, timelines, primary source sidebars, and dozens of traditional proverbs



Berkshire Essentials: Education in ChinaEducational History, Models, and Initiatives

中华教育: 历史，模式和思想

Education is profoundly valued in China, and Chinese students are known worldwide for their accomplishment and ambition. But these facts do not tell the whole story. Intellectuals were persecuted during the Cultural Revolution (1966–1976) and only recently has a college education been accessible to a majority of Chinese high school graduates. Things are changing rapidly. China’s higher-education system is now the largest in the world, and the number of Chinese students in the United States is growing at twenty-five percent annually. Collaboration with Western scholars and universities is increasing. Governmental and philanthropic agencies are working to provide better education to students in the margins, including minority, poor, disabled, and rural students. This Berkshire Essentials volume, Education in China, includes contributions by seventy-five international experts on Chinese education and provides unique coverage of learning at all levels.

Hardcover: US$129 : 9781933782591 : Softcover: US$59 : 9781614729303 : Digital editions available. Some digital editions available in full color : For more information, visit: http://bit.ly/education-in-china

Berkshire Essentials: The Internet in China网络在中国

The Internet in China provides much-needed historical background on the communications revolution and technological developments that are transforming Chinese society in many ways, creating new conflicts as well as opportunities. Experts write about community building, social networking, social isolation, education, entertainment, the digital divide, and the “Great Firewall of China.” The volume may be used in a variety of courses, including communications, international relations, civics, and human-computer interaction.

US$129 : Ebook: 9781933782249 : For more information, visit:http://bit.ly/the-internet-in-china

http://bit.ly/education-in-china

http://bit.ly/the-internet-in-china

China


Challenge to ChinaHow Taiwan Abolished Its Version of Re-Education Through Labor

Challenge to China asks how Taiwan’s experience with abolishing its system of labor camps for hooliganism might be relevant to the People’s Republic of China. This timely book by Jerome A. Cohen, whose groundbreaking work in the 1960s laid a foundation for the expanding field of Chinese law, and Margaret K. Lewis, an expert on Taiwanese and Chinese law, explains how Taiwan’s success in curbing arbitrary police power challenges the PRC to follow through on years of promises to do the same.

Hardcover: US$34.95 : 9781614729327 : Softcover: US$24.95 : 9781614729341 : For more information, visit: http://bit.ly/challenge-to-china-book

Here’s what’s cooking at Berkshire 宝库山!

Berkshire Encyclopedia of Chinese Cuisines The Berkshire Encyclopedia of Chinese Cuisines is a comprehensive resource on the world’s most complex culinary terrain, bringing together the rich traditions and global influence of Chinese cuisines in a work of scholarship that is also of great practical value. The five-volume encyclopedia is a “treasure mountain library” (a reference to Berkshire’s Chinese name; see pages 16–17 for the story) of food lore, food history, and—perhaps most important, recipes. The Berkshire Encyclopedia of Chinese Cuisines covers national, regional, ethnic, and religious cuisines, as well as biographies, the cuisines of global Chinese communities, and home cooking, adapted for use in homes around the world.

5 volumes : US$895 : 9781614729020 : The encyclopedia will have an online platform packed with recipes and instructional materials. Contact us for details.

US-Asia Law InstituteNYU School of Law

Berkshire 宝库山

For more on Berkshire’s custom publishing service, see pages 58–61.

http://www.berkshirepublishing.com/product.aspx?projid=7000


When Berkshire was looking for an international brand and image, the first step was a more accurate and meaningful title. We requested suggestions from our broad group of Chinese

friends and colleagues, and focused on the Chinese syllable bao, which most closely matches the sound of the word “Berkshire.” In the Mandarin Chinese language, every syllable can have four tones, each one with a different meaning, and bao has positive and strong meanings in all tones. We eventu-ally settled on 宝, which is the third-tone bǎo, and means “treasure,” and further added 库, meaning “house” or “vault,” and 山, meaning “mountain.” In whole, Bǎokùshān, or treasure house mountain, was perfect for an award-winning reference publisher located in the beautiful Berkshire Hills. The character 山 has also become our logo, representing our commitment to a global perspective.

“Real and metaphorical mountains have had great power over the minds of the Chinese at many times and in many ways.”—Mountain of Fame: Portraits in Chinese History, John E. Wills, Jr.


Berkshire Publishing is a leader in US-China publishing cooperation, working with Peking University 北京大学 affiliated Founder Apabi 反正阿帕比, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press 上海交通大学出版社, Shanghai San Lian Publishing House 上海三联书店, the Chinese Executive Leadership Academy, Pudong (CELAP; 中国浦东干部学院), and presses in other cities, including Hong Kong, Tianjin, and Nanjing. Berkshire’s authors hail from Peking University 北京大学, Tsinghua University 清华大学, and universities throughout China. The Berkshire Encyclopedia of Sustainability involved editors and authors at the Chinese Academy of Sciences 中国科学院. Berkshire’s titles are used in bilingual classrooms across China to learn about history, science, and culture, as well as in Chinese offices and boardrooms to learn about the latest thinking on sustainable design, business management, and leadership.

Karen Christensen, Berkshire’s founder and CEO, has had a connection with China since her first book was translated into Chinese in 1997. She travels to China regularly to give speeches, host events, and sign deals with Chinese companies. In 2013 she was invited by the Taiwanese government to speak on digital publishing and intellectual property rights. Tom Christensen, Karen’s son, represents Berkshire in East Asia, and ran Berkshire’s Beijing office from 2009 to 2013. In addition to setting up and managing East Asia distribution and sales networks, he is an expert advisor for the Hanban Confucius Institute Digital Library 汉办孔子学院数字书苑, and has negotiated two translation copyright deals and a multimedia co-publishing project. He speaks Mandarin fluently and handles IP rights for several clients.

A global point of reference

宝库山互联世界参照点Un faro mundial en la información

Berkshire

s ports are among the world’s biggest industries, and they have a vital social role to play: they create shared languages, highlight our aspira-

tions and values, and fulfill our need for physical achievement and adventure. Berkshire provides the best sports coverage anywhere, on the culture, history, and business of sports around the world.

sPorts

“The Encyclopedia of World Sport is a publication that is of enormous value to students of sport, history, and sociology as well as to individuals seeking enlightenment in any, or all, of these disciplines.”

—Sebastian Coe, OBE , chair of the London Organising Committee for the 2012 Olympic Games



Berkshire Encyclopedia of World Sport, Third Edition

The renowned Berkshire Encyclopedia of World Sport covers the culture, history, and business of sports around the world. The third edition of this groundbreaking work brings the study of sports into the 21st century by integrating Berkshire’s past work on women’s sports and extreme sports into a complete sporting library: a perfect addition for any library.

The new three-volume set includes over 300 updated and new articles on:

• sports management and marketing• every sport from buzkashi to motorcycle polo• sports medicine• the Olympics, past and future• environmental and economic issues

The third edition includes:

• short, easily digestible article abstracts and keywords• tables of upcoming Olympics events • sports-related quotes• foreword by London Organising Committee Chairman and Olympic middle distance runner Sebastian Coe

Editors: David Levinson and Gertrud Pfister

The Times (London) called the Encyclopedia of World Sport “the newest sporting bible.” Berkshire sports titles have been praised by GQ magazine, La Gazzetta dello Sport, and the British bookmakers William Hill, and received awards from Choice, Library Journal, and Booklist.

3 volumes : US$559 : 97819933782676 : For more information, visit: http://bit.ly/world-sport See page 43 for This Sporting World


http://bit.ly/world-sport

sPorts


Fun sports facts!• Softball first came about by sewing together a boxing glove; it later became popular as a way for firemen to keep busy between fires. • In a precursor to water polo called “water derby,” competitors bobbed around on barrels while hitting a ball with a mallet.• Lieutenant (later General) George S. Patton participated in the modern pentathlon at the Stockholm Olympics in 1912; he might

have won had he not done so poorly in the shooting event, where he insisted on using his service revolver while the rest of the pentathletes used target pistols.

• The theologian Martin Luther bowled, an activity which reminded him of the Christian’s duty to knock down the devil; John Calvin also enjoyed bowling, although he saw most other sports as a hindrance to holy living.

• It is often claimed that stoolball’s name derived from the fact that the first bats were three-legged milking stools, from which modern bats were developed.

• The entire first day of the original modern Olympics was devoted to religious rituals—a kind of prolonged opening ceremony when religion mattered more than patriotism or commercial glitz.

• Prior to 1937, the national f lags of Lichtenstein and Haiti were identical by coincidence; a fact neither country discovered until they competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, Germany.

T he 10-volume Berkshire Encyclopedia of Sustain-ability, the world’s foremost resource on this crucial topic, provides authoritative coverage

of the growing body of knowledge about ways to restore the planet. Focused on solutions, this in-terdisciplinary print and online publication draws from the natural, physical, and social sciences, and from philosophy and religion. The result is a unified, organized, and peer-reviewed resource on sustainability that connects academic research to real-world challenges and provides a balanced, trustworthy perspective on global environmental issues in the 21st century.

sustainability

“The call we made in Our Common Future, back in 1987, is even more relevant today. Having a coherent resource like the Berkshire Encyclopedia of Sustainability, written by experts yet addressed to students and general readers, is a vital step, because it will support education, enable productive debate, and encourage informed public participation as we join, again and again, in the effort to transform our common future.”

—Gro Harlem Brundtland, chair of the World Commission on Environment and Development and three-time prime minister of Norway



Berkshire Encyclopedia of Sustainability, Volumes 1-10

General Editor: Ray Anderson

A groundbreaking interdisciplinary resource for 21st-century students and professionals that provides the knowledge and solutions we need to transform our common future.

In the 10-volume Berkshire Encyclopedia of Sus-tainability, experts around the world provide authoritative coverage of the growing body of knowledge about ways to restore the planet. Focused on solutions, this interdisciplinary print and online publication draws from the natural, physical, and social sciences—geophysics, en-gineering, and resource management, to name a few—and from philosophy and religion. The result is a unified, organized, and peer-reviewed resource on sustainability that connects academic research to real world challenges and provides a balanced, trustworthy perspective on global envi-ronmental challenges in the 21st century.

10 volumes : US$1,800 : Hardcover: 9781933782010 Digital editions available. For more information, visit: http://bit.ly/sustainabilityset

“The Business of Sustainability [vol. 2] would make an impressive stand-alone business reference. Some of the concepts addressed, e.g., “triple bottom line,” “peace through commerce,” and “base of the pyramid,“ though not new, are not widely known and deserve the extra prominence that this book confers.”—

“The Spirit of Sustainability [vol. 1] is an important contribution, especially as part of a larger whole, and is essential for academic and large public libraries with collections on the

environment.”— Editor’s Choice


sustainability


Volume 1: The Spirit of Sustainability General Editor: Willis Jenkins, Yale Divinity School

A project of the Forum on Religion and Ecology (FORE) at Yale University

The Spirit of Sustainability helps readers navigate the moral worlds,

ethical concepts, and social and religious practices related to sustainability. In collaboration with the Forum on Religion and Ecology, an established network of leading scholars, it explores a wide range of topics and perspectives, from the promise and problems of approaching sustainability through global and indigenous religions, to major theories in philosophy and environmental ethics, and professional practices and social movements. The volume presents the various goals of sustainability—ecological integrity, economic health, human dignity, fairness to the future, and social justice—and provides a framework for reasoning through many interrelated environmental challenges for both current and future generations.

US$189 : 9781933782157 : Digital editions available.For more information, visit:http://bit.ly/spiritsustainability

Volume 2: The Business of Sustainability General Editor: Chris Laszlo, Case Western Reserve University Editors: Karen Christensen, Berkshire Publishing; Daniel Fogel, Wake Forest University; Gernot Wagner, Environmental Defense Fund; Peter Whitehouse, Case Western Reserve University

The Business of Sustainability is a core resource for policy makers, members of the development community, entrepreneurs, and corpo-rate executives, as well as business and economics students and their professors. It contains rich analysis of how sustainability is being fac-tored into industries across the globe, with enlightening case studies of businesses serving as agents of change. Contributing authors provide a groundbreaking body of research-based knowledge. They explain that the concept of sustainability is being re-framed to be positive about business instead of being tied to the old notion of a trade-off between business and society (that is, if business wins, society must lose), and they explore how economic development, if done properly, can contribute to building our common future.

US$189 : 9781933782133 : Digital editions available.For more information, visit:http://bit.ly/businesssustain

“. . .[A] seminal project of immense value. . .strongly recommended. . .”

— 5 out of 5 stars



Volume 3: The Law and Politics of Sustainability Editors: Klaus Bosselmann, University of Auckland; Daniel Fogel, Wake Forest University; J.B. Ruhl, Florida State University

The Law and Politics of Sustainability ex-plores efforts made to address pressing environmental concerns through legisla-tion, conventions, directives, treaties, and

protocols. Many articles explain the mechanics of environmental law as well as the concepts that shape sustainable development. Others discuss case studies and rulings that have set precedents, or con-sider approaches to sustainable development taken by legal systems around the world. Experts and scholars in the field raise provocative questions about the effectiveness of international law versus national law in protecting the environment, and about the effect of current laws on future generations. They analyze the successes and short-comings of present legal instruments, corporate and public policies, social movements, and conceptual strategies—offering readers a preview of steps we can take in order to develop laws and policies that will promote genuine sustainability.

US$189 : 9781933782140 : Digital editions available. For more information, visit: http://bit.ly/lawpolitics

Volume 5: Ecosystem Management and SustainabilityEditors: John Copeland Nagle, University of Notre Dame; Bruce Pardy, Queen’s University; Oswald Schmitz, Yale University; William Smith, Wake Forest University

Ecosystem Management and Sustainability not only analyzes human- initiated processes and tools that foster sustainable natural resource use, preservation, and restoration but examines how humans interact with plant, marine, and animal life in both natural and human-altered environments. Experts in the field explain complex relationships among non-human species —endan-gered, endemic, invasive, and enhanced—by addressing topics such as island ecology, native habitat buffers, and rain gardens. But because most people in the 21st century live in urban environments, the volume pays special atten-tion to the ecology of cities, with detailed coverage on topics ranging from green belts to landscape architecture. The volume’s 120 articles examine in detail how ecosystems of all kinds can be made healthy and sustainable.

US$189 : 9781933782164 : Digital editions available. For more information, visit: http://bit.ly/ecosystemmanage

Volume 6: Measurements, Indicators, and Research Methods for Sustainability Editors: Daniel Fogel, Wake Forest University; Sarah Fredericks, University of North Texas; Ian Spellerberg, Lincoln University

Measurements, Indicators, and Research Methods for Sustainability presents a thorough and accessible overview of the ways in which sustainability is charted worldwide. Some ar-ticles introduce core concepts, such as the use of quantitative versus qualitative data, or the “weak” versus “strong” sustainability debate; others examine how indicators in specific areas (climate change, soil conservation, agriculture and mining) have been applied (or not) to different regions. Research analysts explain the modes and media through which these measurements are broadcast, stressing the im-portance of developing methods that can be understood by both experts in the lab and ordinary citizens trying to decipher organic food labels. They also examine the process of monitoring, itself a con-troversial topic affecting national and international policy, law, rules, and regulations.

US$189 : 9781933782409 : Digital editions available. For more information, visit: http://bit.ly/measureresearch

Volume 4: Natural Resources and SustainabilityEditors: Shen Lei, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shirley Thompson, University of Manitoba; Daniel Vasey, Divine Word College (Emeritus)

Natural R esources and Sustainability explores how human needs and desires, from sustenance and shelter to recreation and travel, have spurred the consumption

of Earth’s natural resources, from salt and guano to uranium and iron. Scientists, ecologists, and other expert authors present the historical impact of commercial activities (in industries as varied as fisheries, agriculture, energy, and mineral extraction), discuss the global dis-tribution and use of renewable and nonrenewable resources, and focus on innovative approaches for the future. Readers will learn why renewal doesn’t necessarily put a resource beyond harm—and why the no-free-lunch adage applies to all natural resources.

US$189 : 9781933782126 : Digital editions available. For more information, visit: http://bit.ly/natressustainability

sustainability


Volume 10: The Future of SustainabilityGeneral Editor: Ray Anderson

The Future of Sustainability draws upon the work of renowned scholars and experts who contributed, as editors and authors, to the Encyclopedia of Sustainability. Updated articles on key concepts and core

beliefs of sustainability, the practices and methods to achieve it—and the ways in which different areas of the world adopt them or not—offer readers a comprehensive overview of volumes 1 through 9. As the final print volume of the first edition, it sums up by examining the future of sustainability and the greatest challenges that govern-ments, individuals, and researchers face. The volume concludes with a resource guide for teaching materials at several levels, a guide to help educators design curricula, a directory of leading graduate-level programs in sustainability, and a comprehensive master index of the ten-volume set.

US$189 : 9781933782638 : Digital editions available. For more information, visit:http://bit.ly/futuresustainability

Volume 9: Afro-Eurasia: Assessing SustainabilityEditors: Louis Kotzé, North-West University; Stephen Morse, University of Surrey

Afro-Eurasia: Assessing Sustainability focuses on the geographic area where humans originated and first began to

make use of the natural world: Earth’s largest landmass, stretching east from Portugal across the Russian steppe and south to the Cape of Good Hope. By examining the history of human expansion, as well as 21st-century pressures to address some of the ecosystem damage the nations comprising Afro-Eurasia have caused, international scholars and regional experts weave sustainability into core curricular subjects. The volume’s interdisciplinary approach includes unprecedented analyses of factors across the region that work to promote or discourage sustainable choices—business and commerce, educational institutions, law and government, and lifestyles and values of the diverse populace.

US$189 : 9781933782195 : Digital editions available. For more information, visit: http://bit.ly/afroeurasia

Volume 7: China, India, and East and Southeast Asia: Assessing Sustainability Editors: Sam Geall, chinadialogue; Jingjing Liu, Vermont Law School; Sony Pellissery, National Law School of India University

China, India, and East and Southeast Asia: Assessing Sustainability provides

unprecedented analyses on China, India, and their neighbors. Despite growing demands on their natural resources (China and India alone are home to more than one third of the world’s population), the expanding global economic influence of this region makes these countries vital players in a sustainable future for all citizens of the Earth. Regional coverage includes topics such as business and commerce, environmental and corporate law, and lifestyles and values. The volume places special focus on demographics, geography, educational initiatives, international relationships and negotiations related to sustainable practices, and the role of governments and corporations in promoting or discouraging sustainable choices.

US$189 : 9781933782690 : Digital editions available. For more information, visit: http://bit.ly/chinaindiaasia

Volume 8: The Americas and Oceania: Assessing SustainabilityEditors: Sara G. Beavis, The Australian National University; Michael L. Dougherty, Illinois State University; Tirso Gonzales, University of British Columbia, Okanagan

The Americas and Oceania: Assessing Sustainability provides coverage of sustainability practices in two regions linked culturally and historically by their relative isolation before the Columbian exchange and by the challenges of resource overuse. Experts focus on environmental history in areas such as the South Pacific islands, now threatened by rising ocean levels, and on countries whose governments and corporations can play a major role in promoting or discouraging sustainable choices: Brazil, an emergent power on the world stage; the United States, the world’s third most populous nation after China and India; and New Zealand, on its way to becoming an enviable model of sustainable development.

US$189 : 9781933782188 : Digital editions available. For more information, visit: http://bit.ly/americasoceania

F rom the Encyclopedia of Community to the Good Library Manual, Berkshire titles draw on the work of historians, sociologists, an-

thropologists, town planners, and other experts. New titles in 2014 include The City: A Global Handbook and Food Safety in the 21st Century.

soCial sCiEnCEs

“The Encyclopedia of Community is a timely, comprehensive, and very welcome overview of a rich and rapidly growing field of inquiry.”

—Robert D. Putnam, Harvard University, author of Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community



Global Perspectives on the United StatesVolumes 1 and 2: A Nation By Nation Survey

Volume 3: Issues and Ideas Shaping International Relations

“An impressively informed and informative general resource surveying and analyzing the role and image of the United States from the viewpoints of the peoples and nations of the world . . . A strongly recommended and core addition to academic and community library International Studies reference collections.”—Midwest Book Review

Volumes 1 and 2 of Global Perspectives on the United States contain a unique nonpartisan survey written by experts from around the globe—the first general resource to explore the role and image of the USA from the viewpoints of the rest of the world. The 140 comprehensive articles provide historical coverage and contemporary analyses drawn from a wide range of sources, including 19th-century travel accounts, interna-tional treaties, newspaper stories, and popular music. Volume 3 contains over 100 essays on the issues and events affecting relationships among the nations of the world.

3 volumes : US$545 : 9781933782263 : For more information, visit: http://bit.ly/globalperspectives

Patterns of Global TerrorismUS Department of State Reports with Supplementary Documents and Statistics

“Until now, students, analysts, jour-nalists, and professionals had to page through dozens of spine-broken volumes of State Department reports

to discern trends or trace historical developments. This is a must for any serious researcher of global terrorism.”—Richard Miniter, author of Losing bin Laden and Shadow War

A comprehensive reference for military, government, and security professionals as well as students of politics, international relations, history, public policy, foreign policy, emergency management, and military science, this two-volume set collates original US Depart-ment of State reports into a coherent, accessible resource. Edited by international terrorism expert Anna Sabasteanski, these reports—never before published in book form—are the most complete and authoritative documents on terrorism around the globe.

2 volumes : US$325 : 0974309133 : For more information, visit: http://bit.ly/globalterrorism

The City: A Global HandbookThe City: A Global Handbook provides succinct, expert-written articles needed by planners, designers, and any pro-fessional or student concerned about quality of life, community, sustainability, and the intricate webs that exist between rural and urban life.

US$395: 9781614729136

The Good Library Manual The Good Library Manual is a practical guide to transforming any public library—large and small, city and rural—by making every aspect of the library experience appealing and enjoyable. Author Tim Coates has become known as an outspoken champion of the absolutely central place of books in libraries. The Good Library Manual was created in conjunction with the Good Library Blog, which is not only read by thousands every week but also archived by the British Library.

US$29.95 : 978193378288 : For more information, visit: http://bit.ly/good-library

Food Safety in the 21st CenturyBaby milk scandals in China, bacterial outbreaks in the USA, and anti-GMO protests in Europe are signs of the 21st-century challenges of feeding a planet. Food Safety in the 21st Century examines these issues from a global and historical perspective, from food adulteration in medieval times to today’s headlines.

US$189 : 9781614729013

http://bit.ly/good-library

soCial sCiEnCEs


Berkshire Encyclopedia of Human-Computer Interaction

“Works like the Berkshire Encyclopedia of Human-Computer Interaction play a valu-able role in lending definition to emerging, interdisciplinary fields of study. Both public and academic libraries will want to give this

encyclopedia serious consideration.”—Against the Grain

The Berkshire Encyclopedia of Human-Computer Interaction takes com-puting into new realms, introducing us to topics that are intriguing both in their technical complexity and because they present us with a set of challenging questions about our relationship with “thinking” machines.

2 volumes : US$395 : 0974309125 : For more information, visit: http://bit.ly/humancomputerinteraction

Homelessness Handbook

“This handbook will be indispensable for professionals working either to help people who are homeless or to address the causes of homelessness. Highly rec-ommended.”—Choice

Featuring the research and analysis of the leading historians and social scientists in the field of home-lessness, the Homelessness Handbook makes the ideal reference for students, professionals, activists, and anyone who needs to under-stand this vexing social problem.

1 volume : US$150 : 9781933782034 : For more information, visit: http://bit.ly/homelessnessbook

Encyclopedia of Community : From the Village to the Virtual World “A timely, comprehensive, and very welcome overview of a rich and rapidly growing field of inquiry.” —Robert D. Putnam, author of Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community

Community, a subject that lies at the heart of dozens of social initia-tives and academic endeavors, has at last been explored in a resource large enough to encompass its variety and complexity. The Ency-clopedia of Community: From the Village to the Virtual World is the creation of a global team of nearly 400 scholars and professionals. The encyclopedia captures the fullness of our deep and contradictory responses to community, drawing on the work of historians, sociolo-gists, anthropologists, town planners, and experts from a variety of other disciplines in some twenty countries.

4 volumes : US$800 : 0761925988For more information, visit: http://bit.ly/encyclopedia-of-community

Encyclopedia of Leadership

“Incredibly, this is the first encyclope-dia to focus on community as concept and experience, so stands alone in its field as the one title any library must buy to cover this topic. Essential for all readerships.”—C. Hendershott, Choice

The Encyclopedia of Leadership is a comprehensive guide to what is known—and what truly matters—about leadership as part of the human experience across time and cultures, and in the lives of those in positions of leadership in corporations and state houses, schools and churches, and nonprofit organizations. For the first time, the Encyclo-pedia of Leadership brings together the entire range of work being done by scholars, business professionals, and educators in the emerging area of leadership studies.

4 volumes : US$595 : 076192597XFor more information, visit: http://bit.ly/encyclopedia-of-leadership

http://bit.ly/encyclopedia-of-community

http://bit.ly/encyclopedia-of-community

http://bit.ly/encyclopedia-of-leadership

http://bit.ly/encyclopedia-of-leadership

F rom the renowned six-volume Berkshire En-cyclopedia of World History, now in its second edition, to the best-selling classroom reader

This Fleeting World: A Short History of Humanity, on its fifth printing, Berkshire’s history titles have been designed to show that the world really is round—and interconnected.

World history

“I first became an avid student of David Christian by watching his course on DVD, and so I am very happy to see his enlightening presentation of the world’s history captured in This Fleeting World. I hope it will introduce a wider audience to this gifted scientist and teacher.”

—Bill Gates, founder of Microsoft



Berkshire Encyclopedia of World History, 2nd EditionEditors: William H. McNeill, University of Chicago (Emeritus); Jerry H. Bentley, University of Hawaii, Manoa; David Christian, Macquarie University, Sydney; Ralph C. Croizier, University of Victoria; J. R. McNeill, Georgetown University

From the big bang to the 21st century, the renowned Berkshire En-cyclopedia of World History provides an integrated view of human and universal history. In its 580 articles and over 1,200 illustra-tions, eminent scholars examine environmental and social issues by exploring connections and interactions made over time (and across cultures and locales) through trade, warfare, migrations, religion, and diplomacy.

“The Berkshire Encyclopedia of World History is strongly recommended as a comprehensive and core library reference for academic and community library reference collections.”

—

“A fascinating, engaging analysis of how history has been shaped by key issues, events, and discoveries. Highly recommended.”—

6 volumes : US$1,050 : 9781933782652 : Digital edition available. Some digital editions available in full color : For more information, visit: http://bit.ly/world-history

aWards

Library Journal best reference sourceBooklist Editor’s ChoiceChoice outstanding academic title


See page 44 for This Is Islam

World history


“One of the great strengths of this unique resource is that although it is accessible to novices and younger users, it is still useful to more advanced researchers and scholars. It succeeds in tying specific and local histories to larger patterns and movements. Overall, this magnificent set provides an interconnected and holistic perspective on human history and is recommended for most libraries.”

—

Over 1,200 illustrationsthe 6 volumes contain more than 1,200 illustrations, photos, and maps from the collections of the library of Congress, the World digital library, the new york Public library, and many more.


Easy to read page design and layoutEach article begins on a wide-margined page to make photocopying classroom handouts or homework assignments easier.



This Fleeting World: A Short History of HumanityA great historian can make clear the connections between the first Homo sapiens and today’s version of the species, and a great storyteller can make those connections come alive. David Christian is both, and This Fleeting World: A Short History of Humanity, now on its fifth printing, makes the journey—from the earliest foraging era to the agrarian era to our own modern era—a fascinating one. Ready to help your students give up their preconceptions that anything old is probably boring? Enter This Fleeting World.

• Quick and convenient and fun to read• Ideal for introductory world history classes• Perfect supplementary reading for other history classes

“David Christian has developed fascinating new perspectives on the global past by systematically considering human history in the context of the natural environment. This Fleeting World offers a succinct articulation of his views, which hold fresh ideas for professional historians and the general public alike.” —Jerry H. Bentley, editor, Journal of World History

US$19.95 : 9781933782041 : Hardcover and digital editions available : bulk discounts available : For more information, visit:http://bit.ly/thisfleetingworld

“No one except David Christian could do it. He has a unique talent for mastering data, processing it efficiently, and writing it up lucidly. He can simplify without dumbing down and can be provocative without sliding into outrage. Readers can rely on him for a sensitive, well-informed, well-judged, reflective, and miraculously concise overview.”—Felipe Fernández-Armesto, University of Notre Dame

Thus shall ye think of all this fleeting world:

A star at dawn, a bubble in a stream,

A flash of lightning in a summer cloud,

A flickering lamp, a phantom, and a dream. —The Diamond Sutra

World history


“I became an avid student of David Christian by watching his course on DVD, so I am very happy to see his enlightening presentation of the world’s history captured in This Fleeting World. I hope it will introduce a wider audience to this gifted scientist and teacher.”—Bill Gates, founder of Microsoft

William h. mCnEill

William h. mCnEill


B erkshire’s senior editor, William H. McNeill, is the Robert A. Mil-likan Distinguished Service Professor Emeritus of History at the University of Chicago. His many books include Plagues and Peoples;

Venice: The Hinge of Europe 1081–1797; The Rise of the West: A History of the Human Community, which received the National Book Award; Mythis-tory and Other Essays; History of Western Civilization: A Handbook; and The Pursuit of Power: Technology, Armed Force, and Society since AD 1000. Professor McNeill recently celebrated his birthday with friends, family, and colleagues.

Left:William H. McNeill in 1923, proudly displaying the pocket knife his grandmother had sent him as a birthday present. Right: The scholar in 1962.

Two of William H. McNeill’s seminal history books, The Rise of the West and Plagues and Peoples.

Left: Karen Christensen introducing the first William H. McNeill Keynote Lecture in World History, sponsored by Berkshire Publishing Group, at the World History Association Conference. Right: Historians David Christian and William H. McNeill discuss “Big History.”

Left: Berkshire CEO Karen Christensen and William H. McNeill at his home in Colebrook, Connecticut, with the freshly printed second edition of the Berkshire Encyclopedia of World History, for which McNeill was the Senior Editor. Right: Berkshire staff with McNeill celebrating his 95th birthday (complete with Halloween birthday pumpkin).

sEriEs

B erkshire’s series of shorter books include small books on big places—the “This World of Ours” series, with titles such as This Is

America and This Is Africa—and the “Berkshire Es-sentials” series: specialized collections of articles on essential topics such as Industrial Ecology and Sus-tainability and Women’s and Gender History, distilled from our larger reference works and custom-made for the classroom.

this World of ours

h enry Ford said that history often seems to consist of just “one damn fact after another.” The books in Berkshire’s “This World of

Ours” series, only 150 pages each, are designed to help teachers and students alike to get the most out of our shared world history.

“It is hard to imagine that such a short book can cover such a vast span of time and space. This Is China: The First 5,000 Years will help teachers, students, and general readers alike, as they seek for a preliminary guide to the contexts and complexities of Chinese culture.”

—Jonathan Spence, Yale University; author of The Search for Modern China

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This Sporting World

This Sporting World explains how the games we play and watch bring us together, create shared languages, highlight our aspirations and values, and fulfill our need for physical achievement and adventure. Cover-age includes both sports history and current issues, ranging from the foot-races, ball games, and extreme sports of our early ancestors to modern

college athletics, global sporting media, and sports as one of the biggest businesses on the planet.

US$19.95 : 9781614725794 : For more information, visit: http://bit.ly/this-sporting-world

This Good Earth: A Short History of Human Impact on the Natural World

This Good Earth: A Short History of Human Impact on the Natural World provides a concise guide to the often overwhelming world of climate change and related studies. The 150-page book includes chapters on “The Emer-

gence of Life,” “From Gathering to Growing,” “The Great Shift to Cities,” “The Pursuit of Water and Oil,” “Life on a Smaller Planet: Sustainability in the Twenty-First Century, “ and appendices on en-vironmental history by world region.

US$19.95 : 9781933782867 : For more information, visit: http://bit.ly/this-good-earth

This Is America: A Short History of the United States

This Is America: A Short History of the United States is a very short introduction to the United States of America, a nation that in recent history has been the most affluent, influential, and powerful on Earth, known for innovation as well as for its belief in its own “exceptionalism.”

In six short chapters, and only 150 pages, the reader will learn the essentials about the nation usually referred to as “America”—from prehistory and early settlement through the twenty-first century, fol-lowed by an overview of the key concepts and debates that continue to shape the United States today. Students and teachers will find this concise work an important aid to a better understanding of the United States and its evolving position in world affairs.

US$19.95 : 9781614725718 : For more information, visit: http://bit.ly/this-is-america-book

This Is Africa

This Is Africa provides a brief, engaging history of a great and too-little-known continent—a land rich in resources and troubled by conflict, now home to over a billion people speaking more than a thousand differ-ent languages. Fossils from Ethiopia tell us that the human species originated in Africa, and scholars posit several theories about the journey out of Africa made by

Homo sapiens some 60,000 years ago. This book explores, in only 150 pages, Africa’s interrelatedness to other regions and cultures throughout history, and examines its growing economic and po-litical importance to the rest of the world.

US$19.95 : 9781614725701: For more information, visit: http://bit.ly/this-is-africa-book

See page 20 for the Berkshire Encyclopedia of World Sport, 3rd Edition

http://bit.ly/this-is-america-berkshire

http://bit.ly/this-sporting-world


http://bit.ly/this-good-earth


http://bit.ly/this-is-america-book


http://bit.ly/this-is-africa-book



This Is China: The First 5,000 Years这就是中国: 头一个五千年

General Editor: Haiwang Yuan, Western Kentucky UniversityEditors: Ronald G. Knapp, Margot E. Landman, Gregory Veeck

This Is China contains, in brief, everything we need to know about 5,000 years of history, 30 years of “opening,” and a future that promises to shape the 21st century for all of us. Drawn from the vast resources of the Berkshire Encyclopedia of China, this concise 120-page book is recommended for classroom use, curriculum development, and student review.

“This little book should quickly become the first port of call for teachers seeking information on the vast range of topics and issues that arise while teaching a

language and culture more than 5,000 years in existence. It is a reference book which fills the gap constantly experienced by teachers of Chinese between too much information on some topics and nothing at all on many others.”—Jane Orton, director, Australian Chinese Teacher Training Centre, University of MelbourneUS$19.95 : 9781933782201 : Hardcover and digital editions also available. For more information, visit: http://bit.ly/thisischina

This Is IslamFrom Muhammad and the Community of Believers to Islam in the Global Community

Jamal J. Elias, University of Pennsylvannia

This is Islam offers readers an introduction to one of the world’s major religions, its philosophies, and how it affects the world today. Geared to those unfamiliar with the religion and its rituals and customs—and written in clear and simple terms by one of the United States’ leading scholars of religion—this volume explains Islamic law, major figures and sects, and the role of mysticism.

“This Is Islam provides interested general readers and students with a concise but remarkably comprehensive introduction to Islam. It is a clearly

presented guide that provides both a broad overview and important specifics in a way that is easy for both experts and non-specialists to use.”—John Voll, professor of Islamic history and associate director of the Prince Alwaleed bin Talal Center for Muslim-Christian Understanding at Georgetown UniversityUS$19.95 : 9781933782812 : Hardcover and digital editions available : For more information, visit: http://bit.ly/thisisislam

See page 12 for the Berkshire Encyclopedia of China

See page 34 for the Berkshire Encyclopedia of World History, 2nd Edition

bErkshirE EssEntials

The “Berkshire Essentials” series are collections of concentrated content, inspired by requests from teachers who praise the ency-clopedic approach of Berkshire’s reference works but crave focused

volumes for course use. Each book in the Essentials series draws from Berkshire publications on a big topic: world history, Chinese studies, or environmental sustainability. Books in the Berkshire Essentials series can be purchased alone, in any combination, or as a set.

“Since no one method for sustainability can cover all the needs of seven billion human beings, Ecosystem Services for Sustainability discusses a wealth of options. Economic as well as environmental impact is weighed at every turn in this thoroughly accessible resource, written to help students, professionals, and lay people alike understand the many options to maintain a flourishing, sustainable planet. Highly recommended!”

—



Coming soon—Essentials from the acclaimed Berkshire Encyclopedia of China

Religion and SustainabilityReligion and Sustainability explores the ties between humans and their environment across a wide range of perspectives: from Buddhism, Bahai, Hinduism, and Daoism to Christianity, Judaism, and Islam, as well as those of indigenous traditions around the world. The volume examines major theories in philosophy and environmental ethics, such as the concepts of “deep ecology,” theocentrism versus anthropocentrism (i.e., is God or humankind the center of the world), and the occasionally conflicting (but so often harmonious) roles of science and religion in rela-tion to the world’s environment. Other articles outline the various goals of sustainability: ecological integrity, economic health, human dignity, fairness to the future, and social justice.

US$39.95 : 9781614729563For more information, visit:http://bit.ly/religion-and-sustainability

http://bit.ly/religion-and-sustainability

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Energy Industries and SustainabilityEnergy Industries and Sustainability takes a unique approach to the subject by providing coverage not only of our past use of energy resources and the sustainability “mistakes” made by energy-related industries, but also of the ways in which people worldwide have been inspired to explore innovative methods for a sustainable future. From energy production methods such as wind turbine technology, the viable use of solar energy, and the safety of natural gas piping, nuclear power, and offshore oil drilling to concepts such as material substitu-tion and nanotechnology, this volume offers a fresh perspective on the positive steps being taken in the twenty-first century to make human responsibility for energy use—from the grassroots level to the most powerful corporate and government regulatory bodies—a priority around the globe.

US$39.95 : 9781614729907For more information, visit: http://bit.ly/energysustainability

Environmental Law and SustainabilityEnvironmental Law and Sustainability explains the important concepts and theories related to environmental regulations or agree-ments—especially those with the potential for international impact. The volume assesses case studies of significant events in legal and environmental history, such as natural or human-made disasters or the long-term consequences of a precedent-setting ruling. Coverage focuses on how sustainability plays a role in legal systems worldwide. By using concise language geared to the nonspecialist—but with detail valuable for specialists in a number of fields, including species and resource protection, business and government accountability, sustainable social and economic development, and social responsi-bility—this volume is valuable to students and professionals alike.

US$39.95 : 9781614729914For more information, visit: http://bit.ly/enviromentallaw

Industrial Ecology and SustainabilityIndustrial Ecology and Sustainability addresses industry as a human-made ecosystem that is nevertheless subject to the same laws that govern natural ecosystems. The articles, all written for the nonexpert reader, discuss strategies for using natural ecosystems as a potential model for the sustainable organization of production and consump-tion in society, tracking material and energy flows through societal systems at multiple scales in order to comprehend and manage their effects on the environment. The volume includes articles on sustain-able design, materials substitution, packaging, remanufacturing, recycling, nanotechnology, supply chain analysis, and biomimicry, all of which define key concepts that shape the environmental studies so crucial to a sustainable future.

US$39.95 : 9781614729549For more information, visit: http://bit.ly/industrial-ecology-and-sustainability

Finance and Investment for SustainabilityFinance, Investment, and Sustainability explores how a green economy can be created and sustained—using “sustainability” in both the environmental and financial senses of the word. Articles written for the nonexpert reader cover topics such as green-collar jobs, energy and foreign investment law, public-private partnerships, the World Bank, smart growth, the financial services industry, the “base of the pyramid,” (i.e., the world’s poor), social enterprise, green taxes, and the concept of the triple bottom line, sometimes described as “people, planet, and profit.”

US$39.95 : 9781614729525For more information, visit: http://bit.ly/finance-and-investment

http://bit.ly/industrial-ecology-and-sustainability

http://bit.ly/industrial-ecology-and-sustainability

http://bit.ly/finance-and-investment

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Distilled for the classroom

from Berkshire’s award-winning encyclopedias

Art in World History

The 22 illustrated articles in Art in World History connect readers with art from the Paleolithic period to performance art of the post-modernist world. They explore fundamental questions about the origins of art making and the case for including visual studies in world history. The volume interweaves regional coverage with cross-cultural connections—when trade brought Chinese silk to the Romans in the first century ce, for instance, or how the celebrated nineteenth-century Japanese printmakers, Hokusai and Hiroshige, used one-point perspective, a Western technique. Overviews on ver-nacular architecture and textiles examine how the study of these art forms can provide insight on a people’s aesthetic sense and develop-ment, as well as on the cultural, political, and socioeconomic aspects of their lives.

US$39.95 : Full-color edition: US$49.95 : 9781933782911 : For more information, visit: http://bit.ly/artworldhistory

Big History

The fascinating field known as “Big History” places the history of humanity and the Earth in the largest of contexts—that of the uni-verse. The interdisciplinary approach taken in Big History draws from diverse fields including archaeology, paleoanthropology, astron-omy, and biology and raises new questions about the future of our species and its relationship to the biosphere. The articles included in the volume, several written by big-history author David Christian, convey big history’s span and scope from cosmology, creation myths, and the Gaia theory to ice ages, extinctions, and migrations.

US$39.95 : 9781933782928 : For more information, visit: http://bit.ly/bighistory

Africa in World History

A frica is home to over 1 billion people speaking more than a thousand different languages. Fossils from Ethiopia tell us that the human species originated in Africa, and scholars posit several theories about the journey out of Africa made by Homo sapiens some 60,000 years ago. Africa in World History stresses Africa’s interrelatedness to other regions and cultures—from early trade routes, the arrival of Christianity and Islam, and the ramifications of colonialism, to con-temporary issues, such as HIV/AIDS and the aftereffects of apartheid, that thwart Africa’s efforts to establish unity.

US$39.95 : 9780977015993 : For more information, visit:http://bit.ly/africaworldhistory

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War, Diplomacy, and Peacemaking

War, Diplomacy, and Peacemaking opens with an introduction that ex-plains how the dialectic between war and peace has been perceived by different cultures—in ancient Greece and India, for example, in traditions of “salvation religions” like Christianity and Islam, and in the modern era, where regulated systems of diplomacy serve both to mitigate war and aim toward creating a global culture of peace. The volume shows how economies and environmental crises, both of which played a role in the origins of war, may contribute to the further continuation of warfare in the twenty-first century.

US$39.95 : 9781933782942 : For more information, visit: http://bit.ly/warpeacemaking

Religion and Belief Systems in World History

As Martin E. Marty explains in the introduction to Religion and Belief Systems in World History, human response to (or faith in) some su-pernatural or suprahuman force has given spiritual sustenance to individuals and communities for far longer than the earliest existing sacred texts would indicate. This volume presents a global survey of world religions (Christianity, Judaism, and Islam) and belief systems (from animism to Zoroastrianism), with major themes including how spiritual beliefs both supported and railed against war, and how religions expanded and divided across cultures and borders.

US$39.95 : 9781933782935 : For more information, visit: http://bit.ly/religionhistory

Women’s and Gender History

Women’s and Gender History provides a look at women’s lives and the importance of gender in societies across cultures and time, extending its scope and appeal to younger and older readers, female and male alike. Topics include child nurture, initiation and rites of passage, kinship, sex and sexuality, and education. Some articles address re-considerations of long-accepted terms (such as work and power or matriarchy and patriarchy), or interactions across disciplines that brought gender studies into view. Others highlight movements in the modern era that championed human rights, women’s reproductive rights, suffrage, emancipation, and gay and lesbian rights—up to and beyond bra burning, the symbolic gesture of feminism in the 1960s and 1970s that became a rite of passage for a new wave of women.

US$39.95 : 9781933782959 : For more information, visit: http://bit.ly/womenhistory

World Environmental History

Bringing together in one volume Berkshire’s impressive network of environmental scientists, botanists, ecologists, sociologists, anthro-pologists, archaeologists, and naturalists, World Environmental History explores how the biosphere is affected by human interventions such as climate change, deforestation, waste management, water and wind energy, population growth, ecological imperialism, and urbanization. Geological formations and disruptions, such as deserts, mountains, islands, earthquakes, and tsunamis, also play a vital role. The volume’s rich content includes articles on the anthroposphere, carrying capaci-ty, ethnobotany, Gaia theory, and the Green Revolution—all of which define key concepts that shape the environmental studies so crucial to a sustainable future.

US$39.95 : 9781933782966 : For more information, visit: http://bit.ly/environmentalhistory

B erkshire is going “back to the future” in 2014 with its Berkshire Classics series: previous-ly published, single-authored books in our

subject domains, now published as ebooks with in-troductions by leading scholars. Berkshire is also pleased to republish our own classic books, such as the updated 25th anniversary edition of Berkshire publisher Karen Christensen’s Home Ecology.

bErkshirE ClassiCs



The Berkshire Elements of StyleAdapted for 21st Century Writers

William Strunk

A reprint of the classic style guide by William Strunk, originally published in 1918.

US$9.99 : Ebook: 9781614729259

Outline of HistoryH. G. Wells

A reprint of the classic history text by H. G. Wells, best remembered for his science fiction, originally published in book form in 1920. With an introduction by noted historian William H. McNeill.

US$9.99 : Ebook: 9781614729235

The Golden DayLewis Mumford

A reprint of the classic work by social critic, philosopher, and historian Lewis Mumford, originally published in 1927.

US$9.99 : Ebook: 9781614729105

Democracy in AmericaAlexis de Tocqueville

A reprint of the classic two-volume work by traveler and political observer Alexis de Tocqueville, originally published in 1835 (Vol 1) and 1840 (Vol 2).

US$9.99 : Ebook: 9781614729211

The Wealth of NationsAdam Smith

A reprint of the classic economics text by Adam Smith, originally published in 1776.

US$9.99 : Ebook: 9781614729112

The Art of WarSunzi

A reprint of the classic text by Sunzi, the quasi-legendary Chinese military strategist. The Art of War has been studied throughout history, by ev-eryone from Carl von Clausewitz to Mao Zedong to today’s MBAs, for its insights into fields that require strategy and complex negotiations.

US$9.99 : Ebook: 9781614729037

bErkshirE ClassiCs


Home Ecology: Making Your World a Better Place25th Anniversary EditionHome Ecology is a warm-hearted, nonjudgmental guide, replete with tips, suggestions, check-lists, and sources.

Softcover US$19.95 : 9781614729228 : Hardcover US$39.95 : 978164720003

“Home Ecology puts individual lifestyle choices in a much broader social, political, and philosophical context. It is about work in progress, not about some revealed truth from a distant green guru—and it is all the more useful and enjoyable for it.”—Jonathan Porritt, founder of Forum for the Future

“We need to measure ourselves against different standards, and we need to know that we can make a difference. Karen Christensen’s Home Ecology shows us how.”—Anita Roddick OBE, founder of the Body Shop

Karen Christensen (with daughter Rachel) is CEO of Berkshire Publishing Group, which she cofounded in 1998. Her en-vironmental books have been translated into French, German, Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and Thai.

“The Armchair Environmentalist is filled with wisdom for those who want to live an environmentally responsible life. Karen Christensen has incorporated more environ-mental advice in this crisp, tightly written volume than in anything I’ve seen to date.”—Lester Brown, founder of the Worldwatch Institute and the Earth Policy Institute

P eople crave information in multiple formats, from electronic databases to webcasts to live meetings. Berkshire’s online platforms are

classrooms, databases, newsrooms—even cooking shows—all rolled up into one.

EduCation and

tEaChing



Webinars

Berkshire Publishing has a fast-expanding range of webinars and online courses related to its world history, sustainability, and China titles, as well as courses about copyright protection. All of our China trainings are free to members of ChinaConnectU.com (see page 63 for more information on this online educational plat-form). Non-members can participate by paying a registration fee. Some offerings are free to all, or free to Berkshire authors.

Teaching Guides

Berkshire’s peer-reviewed short form content is perfect for classroom discussion, and all of our titles are accompanied by teaching guides and discussion questions.

EduCation and tEaChing


Berkshire titles are available online through major ebook retailersand via our website at www.berkshirepublishing.com

See the order form on page 80

D igital content management and pub-lishing operations are costly and take staff away from their core responsibili-

ties, whether it be teaching, fund-raising, or research. A cost-effective option is to partner with Berkshire, experts in content management and creative print and digital publishing for global readers.

sErviCEs

Premium ImprintsCustom Publishing & Digital Media

• Take your organization’s specialized material to a wide international audience

• Increase your impact on radio, television, online broadcast, and social media

• Work effectively with international authors and teams• Make your publications available in a full range of formats • Maximize the value of archival content, including images• Ensure that you do not infringe copyright laws

Digital content management and publishing operations are costly and take staff away from their core responsibilities. A cost-effective option is to partner with Berkshire, experts in content management and creative print and digital publishing for global readers.

berkshire Premium imprintsBy working with us, your organization will have its own distinct, named imprint, with Berkshire 宝库山 as the registered publisher and distribu-tor. You will benefit from Berkshire Publishing Group’s

• Experience in producing books, ebooks, white papers, reports, presentations, newsletters, investor communications, blogs, and podcast and video scripts (English, Chinese, bi- and multi-lingual)

• Efficient multi-platform production system, with tight cost controls and exceptional speed to market

• Extensive experience in developing complex projects• Creativity, intellectual integrity, and established reputation for

authoritative, attractive, and accessible publications• Access to historical images, contemporary photographs and

videos, and to sources for high-quality copyright-free visual content

Education & online media Consulting• Webinar design, production, and management• Social network management (English and Chinese)• Online course production and management

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Custom Publishing for Academic Authors

thinking about publishing a book yourself? Publishing today is both extremely simple (anyone can get a book into print) and incredibly complicated and time-consuming (multiple digital formats, social media promotion, and much more). Scholars and other experts want to share their work widely, but many don’t want to take on backroom and front-office publishing operations. Berkshire Publishing is delighted to offer another option: custom publishing under the Berkshire imprint.

the benefits of publishing with berkshire:• Berkshire works with leading scholars• Berkshire books are reviewed in major journals (self-published

books are rarely reviewed)• Berkshire books reach library buyers around the world

berkshire Publishing services include:• Attractive, traditionally designed print books• Ebooks for Kindle, iPad, Nook, Kobo, and other devices• Hot-topic ebooks for quick publication with optional print edition• Online and traditional media promotion• Tips and guidelines for book-related speaking engagements• Foreign rights marketing with a focus on European and Chinese

editions• Online course production and management

Berkshire publishes its books on a faster timetable than most large publishing houses and promotes them vigorously through social and traditional media as well as in the academic press and through scholarly associations. Berkshire custom titles will appear with the Berkshire logo and will be produced to the company’s acclaimed editorial and design standards, with peer review of every title before acceptance for the custom publishing program.

This hybrid of traditional publishing and 21st-century “self publishing” offers expert authors the imprimatur of a recognized academic imprint with the flexibility to publish quickly and independently.

Some books are worth publishing even if they are not going to be profitable, of course, and this program makes it possible to bring such books to global readers. Berkshire is also happy to work with authors to make titles available at reduced cost to those in need, with support provided by the author or sponsoring institution.

Berkshire’s terms and contracts are clear and easy to understand. Berkshire has a deep commitment to transparency and IP protection.

Berkshire has much experience working with Chinese characters and transliterations and can provide expert help with bilingual editions.

Berkshire 宝库山 titles have been reviewed or quoted in:


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获过奖项的美国出版社为中华媒体公司提供出版服务和培训 award-winning, China-focused us publisher offers training services and consulting to Chinese publishing professionals

We will teach you to:

• Build your brand in the USA and Europe• Sell international copyrights• Adapt publications for global readers and reviewers• Reach new licensing partners• Add revenue from archival content• Protect intellectual property rights

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宝库山出版服务包括 berkshire consulting services• Copyright trade• Publication selection and assessment• Western marketing methods• Pedagogical approaches for educational books and textbooks• Conversion of book files for iPad, Kindle, Kobo, and other ebook

devices• Business networking customs and etiquette

C hinaConnectU.com (CCU) is the online platform for all your China-related educational needs. Berkshire offers hundreds of articles from its many titles, tools and tips

for Chinese language and culture classes, and practical informa-tion for teachers, students, parents, travelers, and professionals. New in 2014 is TheSustainabilityProject.com, CCU’s companion online platform for all things Sustainability.

subsCriPtions

TheSustainabilityProject.com is an online publication based on the Berkshire Encyclopedia of Sustainability, designed to help all teachers and students incorporate material about sustainability into their lesson plans and lives. It contains articles by teachers as well as academic experts.

In addition to articles, TheSustainabilityProject.com includes discussion questions, class projects, document-based research exercises, and useful maps and timelines. Its articles are timely and thought-provoking, offering inspiration for learners at all levels. Controversial topics are presented in debate form, with different points of view contrasted to provide material for classroom discussion.

ISSN: 2159-7685

“. . . [a] sumptuous resource on all things China.”— on the Berkshire

Encyclopedia of China, included in full color with a subscription to ChinaConnectU.com

subsCriPtions


China ConnectU.com is Berkshire’s online platform for all your China-related educational needs, with hundreds of articles, tips for Chinese language and culture classes, and practical information for teachers, students, parents, travelers, and professionals. CCU includes hundreds of articles by teachers and other China experts, discussion questions, class projects, document-based research exercises, and maps and timelines. The timely and relevant material offers inspiration for teachers at all levels. ChinaConnectU also includes valuable language and cultural mate-rial that ranges from a regular column on traditional proverbs and the all-important chengyu (sayings that are considered essential to being a well-educated person in China) to reviews of language teaching materials of all kinds.

ISSN: 2159-7634 : Online ISSN: 2161-3133 : For more information, visit: www.chinaconnectu.com

This Is China: The First 5,000 Years

China Gold: China’s Quest for

Global Power and Olympic Glory

Berkshire China Essentials series

Extensive Image and Video Collection

Institutional & group subscriptions www.chinaconnectu.com

Berkshire Encyclopedia of China

Online access to more than 1,000 articles from these acclaimed Berkshire publications

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B erkshire Publishing’s award-winning refer-ence and educational titles are designed for students and professionals in every country.

With major translation projects already underway, we are proud to offer the following limited copy-rights for translation and distribution. Translation projects include the Berkshire Encyclopedia of World History, with Shanghai Joint Publishing, and volumes 1–6 of the Berkshire Encyclopedia of Sustainability, with Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press.

Please address all inquiries and proposals to [email protected]. Visit our website at: http://bit.ly/foreign-rights

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This Fleeting WorldBEST SELLER

ISBN: 9781933782041 : 43,000 words : 120 pages : Languages available: Chinese, French, Spanish, German, Japanese, Korean

Berkshire Encyclopedia of World History, 2nd Ed.

ISBN: 9781933782652 : 1,500,000 words : 3,150 pages : Languages available: French, Spanish, German, Japanese

The Berkshire Encyclopedia of World SportISBN: 9780974309118 : 800,000 words : 1,500 pages : Translation rights available: Chinese, French, Spanish, German, Japanese, Korean

Berkshire Encyclopedia of SustainabilityISBN: 9780974309118 : 2,664,000 words : 6,084 pages : Translation rights available: French, Chinese (vols. 7–10), German, Spanish, Italian, Japanese, Korean

This is China

ISBN: 9781933782201 : 47,000 words : 150 pages : Languages available: French, Spanish, German, Japanese, Korean

This is America


Berkshire Dictionary of Chinese Biography

ISBN: 9781933782669 : 624,000 words : 1,744 pages : Languages available: Chinese, French, Spanish, German, Japanese, Korean

Berkshire Encyclopedia of Extreme Sports


Encyclopedia of Leadership

ISBN: 076192597X : 1,195,000 words : 1,800 pages : Languages available: Chinese, French, Spanish, German, Japanese, Korean

Encyclopedia of Community

ISBN: 0761925988 : 1,075,000 words : 1,800 pages : Languages available: Chinese, French, Spanish, German, Japanese, Korean

This is Islam


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PrEss and inquiriEs


Volume 255 Issue 27 07/07/2008

Berkshire Publishing Goes to China

by Judith Rosen

Founded a decade ago by Karen Christensen and her ex-husband, David Levinson, as a reference

book packager, Berkshire Publishing Group in Great Barrington, Mass., transitioned into a trade

and professional publishing house in 2004. But even before that, Christensen knew that the

direction she wanted the company to take would involve China and sports.

“Back in 2001, when I made my first trip to China, I was really taken with these Olympic bid

posters that were all over. I came back to Great Barrington and put them up,” said Christensen.

“They were so much about my vision for the company: looking at the global future, at the role of

Asia in the 21st century and at the role of sports.”

Seven years later, the Beijing Olympics are almost here and Christensen is hoping her vision will

soon bear fruit for the company. Berkshire is preparing a five-volume Encyclopedia of China for

publication at the end of the summer. And the house is also rushing out a trade paperback about

the Chinese Olympics tied to an unusual convergence of date and time for the grand event--the

Olympics will start on the eighth day of the eighth month of 2008 at 8:08 p.m.--China Gold:

China's Quest for Global Power and Olympic Glory, which she helped edit, along with lead

editors Fan Hong and Duncan Mackay.

Two years ago Christensen, who was recently named to the National Committee on U.S. China

Relations, launched a monthly journal on doing business with China, Guanxi: The China Letter.

She is using her connections from the magazine and from Berkshire's contributors worldwide to

create partnerships with Asian houses like the Encyclopedia of China Publishing House in

Beijing. Among their planned collaborations is a single-volume reference book on China based

on the encyclopedia. Berkshire also entered into a licensing agreement with Chinese e-book

publisher Apabi to sell The Berkshire Encyclopedia of World Sport online in China. And it is

readying its first line of gift books, the Kailun Chinese Zodiac Collection, which will launch next

year in time to celebrate the Year of the Ox.

“I'm trying to look at the big trends that are going to have impact on our future,” Christensen said

about her publishing strategy. “My mission is to find new ways to put information in people's

hands, preparing them to make decisions.” To do that, Berkshire is pursuing both print and

electronic approaches to get the word out about its books, which are put together through a virtual

network of contributors connected via e-mail and Skype. “There are different approaches to

reference publishing,” said Christensen. “I want the quality of academic reference and the reach

of popular reference like Wikipedia.”

Berkshire sells to both the academic and bookstore markets. Earlier this spring it was the first

book publisher to sign with Exact Editions, which up until then had only offered online

subscriptions to magazines and journals. Christensen, who refers to the arrangement as “an

experiment,” is looking to the online bookstore at www.exacteditions.com to sell Berkshire's

books to individuals and small businesses.

Berkshire 宝库山 titles have been reviewed or

quoted in:

P ictures are worth a thousand words, and Berk-shire’s image collection is worth many thousands. Including illustrations of world history, sustain-

ability, and a myriad other subjects, these photos and drawings are available for licensing for teaching or other professional purposes. A vast gallery of China images is available as part of any subscription to Chi-naConnectU.com (see page 62 for details).

Photos in this catalog by:

Karen Christensen

Tom Christensen

Marjolijn Kaiser

Carl Kurtz

Marguerite Rossouw

Amy Siever

Wang Ying

bErkshirEimagE

CollECtion

http://chinaconnectu.com

http://chinaconnectu.com

Berkshire

Berkshire

Berkshire BerkshireBerkshire

Berkshire

Berkshire Berkshire

“Chinggis Khan,” from the Berkshire Dictionary of Chinese Biography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

“Local Solutions to Global Problems,” from the Berkshire Encyclopedia of Sustainability,

Volume 10, The Future of Sustainability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

“Trees,” from the Berkshire Encyclopedia of World History, 2nd Edition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

“Skiing, Alpine,” from the Berkshire Encyclopedia of World Sport, 3rd Edition . . . . . . . . . . . 78

samPlE artiClEs


• C

hinggis Khan •

• 761 •

Fourteenth-century image of Chinggis (Genghis) Khan.National Palace Museum, Taipei, Taiwan.

Chinggis KhanChéngjísıhán

c. 1162–1227—Mongol leader and world conquerorAlternate name: birth name: Temüjin

SummaryChinggis (often spelled Genghis) Khan was an illiterate nomad who created a world empire that is still remembered today. Chinggis Khan’s later success as a world conqueror was based on his skills in organizing men in the nomadic soci-ety into which he was born. He was seek-ing political and commercial relations with the large Islamic state of Khwarazm when he sent a delegation to the shah in 1218; unfortunately the entire trade del-egation—except one—was murdered on the way, thus bringing on the full wrath of Chinggis Khan. That event heralded the fi rst full push by Chinggis and his sons westward to extend his nascent empire, which only ended at the gates of Europe and not by any military defeat experienced by the Mongols.

Most people probably know some-thing about the battles fought by

Chinggis (Genghis) Khan (c. 1162–1227), or his infamy as a world conqueror. Examples abound, such as the fi ve-month siege of the city of Otrar and the razing of the famed city of Samarkand. Less well known is the world into which he was born that shaped his views and actions. To get a better understanding of how an illiterate nomad with few resources created—in the space of twenty short years—a world empire that is still remembered today, one must look at the steppe and its tribes from which Chinggis Khan emerged. He was above all a supreme organizer and pragmatist who tapped the best parts of his nomadic, tribal society in creative ways to form one of

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Design includes Chinese translations and pinyin as well as informative bio-lines.

Beautiful and functional design includes decorative navigational elements.


• Berkshire Dictionary of Chinese Biography • Volume 2 •

• 762 •

••

peoples had replaced the Khitans as lords of northern Asia with their Jın (“Golden”) dynasty (1127–1234). Around the 1120s many tribes, including the Mongols, had become members of that new empire, serving to keep the peace in the steppe. It was around that time that the fi rst leader of the united Mongol tribes was known; Khabul Khan was bound to the Jurchens in a type of tribu-tary relationship by 1147, where Jin sup-plied the Mongols with supplies and an offi cial title to Khabul Khan.

All were not happy, however, among the various tribes that served the Jin state; in particular, the Jurchens were all too happy to promote differences between the Tatars and Mongols, and by the 1160s the Mongols were again divided among themselves as a result of partisan infi ghting and Jurchen-Tatar alliances. It was also this fratricidal atmosphere that had a great impact on the future of Chinggis Khan when he eventually formed his own tribal confed-eration. One aspect of that tribal infi ght-ing was the fact that the most promising young men often left their natal tribes to seek out an up-and-coming leader of another tribe, who appeared to be the best bet for upward mobility. Once found, they attached themselves to that leader by means of a vow to become a companion and servitor, performing all sorts of functions that included house-hold duties, administrative tasks, and military service as the chief’s body-guards. In return for their loyal service,

the most effi cient military and adminis-trative organizations the world has ever known.

The Mongol TribesThe people who would become known as the Mongols (Menggu ) emerged out of the forested area of northeastern Asia known as Manchuria. According to Chinese sources, these tribal peoples migrated southwest from their original homeland to eventually settle in north-eastern Mongolia, between the Onon and Kerulen rivers. Since this new area was mixed forest and steppe, the former forest dwellers took up herding. What prompted these forest tribes to migrate away from their homeland? It may well have been the consolidation of Khitan (Qìdan ) tribes to form the Liao Empire in northern Asia. The Khitan confederation resulted in the dispersal or rearrangement of many tribal units in northern Asia at that time, and the Mongols were only one among many groups to feel the effects of that imperial project.

The history of the Mongol tribes in the tenth century is not easy to disen-tangle from that of other tribes in the area, not least because the sources are not consistent in which tribes or groups were known as or claimed the name of “Mongol.” We know considerably more about the identity and role of the Mon-gols by the early twelfth century when the Manchurian Jurchen (Nüzhen )

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140

Local Solutions to Global Problems

A sustainable future requires human activities to change on a global scale, but global agreements have not been very eff ective. At the local level, however, there are many examples of successful eff orts to solve prob-lems within social-ecological systems. Studying these examples has led to an understanding of the principles of self-governance. Scaling up these insights by using social media tools can help address the challenges involved in global change.

Human societies have been aff ecting the environment for thousands of years. Initially t he ir impacts were

local, but these were still enough to leave traces in the geological record. During the twentieth century, the scale of human impacts became increasingly global; for example, the disruption of important biochemical cycles of phosphorus and carbon led to eutrophication (a process that causes the depletion of oxygen in water) of water-ways around the world, as well as global climate change. Many people have come to fear that the scale of human impacts on the environment may exceed planetary capac-ity to sustain human societies (Rockström et al. 2009).

Countries commonly address the increasingly global challenges by defi ning policies that operate on a global scale. Some of these policies have been successful, such as the phasing out of several groups of halogenated hydrocarbons that were shown to deplete the ozone layer. Th e Montreal Protocol from 1987, for instance, led to a measurable reduction of halogenated hydrocarbons in the atmosphere, to the point where the ozone layer is expected to be fully recovered by 2050.

Despite such successes in global governance, many global sustainability challenges are diffi cult to address at that scale. For example, climate change has been a topic of international policy negotiations since the early 1990s. At that time, scientifi c studies showed that immediate

stabilization and future reduction of worldwide green-house gas emissions (e.g., carbon dioxide [CO 2 ]) were needed in order to avoid an average global temperature increase of 2 8 C. Yet in spite of various global treaties, emissions of fossil-fuel-related CO 2 have increased by more than 40 percent. According to statistics provided by the US Energy Information Administration (EIA 2012), the global emissions from fossil fuels in 1990 were 21.6 trillion metric tons of CO 2 , which increased to 30.3 tril-lion metric tons of CO 2 by 2009.

Addressing global-scale problems from the top down has not been eff ective. Th is might be because of the nature of the problem. In 1968, the US ecologist Garrett Hardin looked at the problem from a new angle in his essay published in Science , titled, “Th e Tragedy of the Commons,” which concluded that overuse of common resources was inevitable because users would never self-organize. Hardin used the model of a pasture open to all, in which each herder received an individual benefi t from adding sheep to graze on the common land and suff ered costs from overgrazing only later (a cost shared with other herders). Th e only way to avoid overharvest-ing the commons, besides private property rights, would be an intervention such as taxing the use of common resources.

Climate change policy can be viewed as a commons problem. Each individual, fi rm, or nation must absorb the costs of changing lifestyle and production techniques as part of reducing emissions from the use of fossil fuels. Th e benefi t will be a reduction in the level of climate change for future generations. But how do we overcome the tragedy of the climate commons?

According to insights from Hardin, the options are to either defi ne carbon emission rights or impose a carbon tax. Th ese are indeed the types of solutions discussed at international negotiations; however, so far, they have not

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LOCAL SOLUTIONS TO GLOBAL PROBLEMS • 141

3. Collective-choice arrangements . Having local resource users involved in creating and modifying rules leads to better acceptance of the rules by all. It also prevents elites from generating policies that benefi t themselves disproportionally.

4. Monitoring . A cost-eff ective and transparent monitoring plan needs to be organized to ensure that the rules are followed and infractions enforced. Reliable monitoring can raise confi dence among resource users.

5. Graduated sanctions . Mistakes can happen, and there-fore there should be some tolerance of mistakes unless they become persistent violations of the rules, in which case more severe sanctions might be needed to guaran-tee compliance.

6. Confl ict-resolution mechanisms . Th ere should be low-cost ways to resolve confl icts among participants. Sometimes rules might be interpreted diff erently among partici-pants, and easy ways to clarify such misunderstandings may reduce the number of confl icts that arise, and help maintain trust among participants.

7. Minim um recognition of rights . Th e rights of local users to craft their own rules should be recognized by higher levels of governance. If this is not the case, participants can be dissatisfi ed and challenge the authorities.

8. Nested enterprises . When resources are part of a larger system, diff erent nested layers should be organized to match the activities of the local users and the biophysi-cal conditions. Fitting the social and ecological scales to the problem at hand is crucial to a sustainable future. Th ese design principles have been tested in many pub-

lications since Ostrom, and they are well supported empirically. Th ey show that a common feature of success-ful self-governance cases is that the rules people use in practice are understood and have been accepted by the participants. Th is is possible in small communities where the same common resource is shared over many years.

One of the questions that came out of the meta-analysis was whether the results can be generalized. Analysis of successful cases of self-governance is biased, since failing communities disappear and are therefore underrepresented in the data. Are the success cases histori-cal artifacts? To study the principles of self-governance in greater depth, Ostrom and her colleagues used controlled experiments to test specifi c hypotheses. In the process, they made new discoveries.

Experiments

Controlled experiments are being used more frequently in the quest to derive an alternative theory of the gover-nance of the commons. Since the late 1980s, laboratory and fi eld experiments have been performed that confi rm the basic insights gained from the fi eld studies (Ostrom, Gardner, and Walker 1994). Th is is important for the

produced much change in the trend of rising greenhouse gas emissions.

Governing the Commons

If Hardin is right, why are so many common resources not overharvested? In the mid-1980s, a group of scholars from disciplines such as anthropology, sociology, political science, and biology started to compare case studies and discovered that the empirical evidence was not consistent with conventional theory as was advocated by Hardin. Th ey became concerned about the theory’s dominance and the consequences of privatization and nationalization policies, which were increasingly being adopted for natu-ral resource management.

In order to understand the diversity of outcomes from individual case studies, there was a need for synthesis of these individual case studies. Th is happened through meetings of the National Research Council (NRC) start-ing in 1983. Th e NRC studied a large number of cases that showed both successes and failures in the self-organization of resource users. Th e resources included local fi sheries, irrigation systems, pastures, and forests. Hundreds of case studies were analyzed and coded sys-tematically with the aim of detecting patterns in the data to determine what the specifi c rules were that lead to suc-cessful governance of common resources.

Elinor Ostrom (1933–2012) was a leading scholar in the community studying these cases, and performed an infl uential meta-analysis of them, which was published in 1990. Ostrom, a political scientist, and her colleagues, had studied for decades the conditions that lead commu-nities to solve collective action problems. In 2009, she was awarded a Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences for her contributions to the understanding of how people self-organize when they share common resources.

Ostrom had been unable to fi nd a specifi c rule using statistical analysis; by considering many case studies, however, she discovered qualitative patterns that she called “design principles.” Successful governance of common-pool resources, Ostrom determined, follows the same basic design principles: 1. Well-defi ned boundaries . Boundaries defi ne who is

allowed to harvest from a resource, as well as the limits of the resource system itself. Physical boundaries may be clearly marked by fences, rivers, specifi c tree species, or other markers. Social boundaries, such as permits, gender, kinship, or ethnicity, can be used to defi ne who is allowed to have access.

2. Proportional equivalence between benefi ts and costs . Th e rules that participants use in practice should avoid unequal distribution of resources and revenues in order to avoid confl ict.

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2603

Trees

Trees are vastly older than the human species, and the study of trees is itself a vast subject. With its focus on human/tree interaction through the ages, this article considers trees as objects of hu-man veneration, as sources of food or obstacles to agriculture, and as wildlife whose “behavior” is affected by human actions.

T rees evolved some 360 million years ago, long before the humans whose cultures venerated

them throughout history for spiritual or aesthetic rea-sons. Human interactions, however, from the earliest hunter-gatherers in the forests of the Paleolithic, have posed threats to forests and woodlands. Today the most serious involves the “mixing up” of diseases and pests from one part of the world to another.

Trees before Humans

Trees are wildlife. They have existed for very much longer than people. Over 360 million years ago they evolved their own diverse agendas in life before they ever knew human contact. There are now tens of thousands of species of trees, each doing its own thing. All trees form partnerships with fungi, and many with ants and pollinating insects and birds. Different species grow from the tropics to the fringes of the arctic. Some grow in forests, some in savannas (grassland with scattered trees). Some are eaten by animals, some are distasteful or poisonous; animals evolved in turn to depend on trees in a multitude of ways, from the super-elephants that could break down and devour a big tree to the primates (forerun-ners of humanity) and birds that live on tree fruits and seeds. Some trees will burn and sustain forest

fi res (many trees depend on fi re for their continued existence or propagation); others are incombustible. Some grow from seed, others from root sprouts.

In the last two million years, climatic changes of the ice ages, which rendered much of the world’s land area incapable of growing trees, disrupted this story of gradual change and adaptation. Trees found themselves having to make do with environments into which accidents of history thrust them.

Trees before Farmers

Next appear the hominids (other species of mankind) followed by the human species itself. In Africa, their land of origin, people probably dwelt in savannas, but over tens of thousands of years they came to inhabit both forests and the treeless landscapes of cold or dry climates. Humanity at this stage—small numbers of hunter-gatherers—would have interacted with trees in four ways:

Tree fruits and other products presumably formed 1. part of the human diet; thus Mesolithic people took advantage of the nuts in the vast extent of

hazel woodland in Britain. People developed tools for felling small trees, 2. which provided fi rewood and the material for wooden artifacts. (The name Stone Age is mis-leading because the stone tools that have survived were probably far less numerous than the wooden objects that have not been preserved.) As yet, the quantities involved would have been insignifi cant in comparison with the growth-rate of trees.

Wherever savanna or forest happened to be fl am-3. mable, people used fi re in land management,

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2604 • BERKSHIRE ENCYCLOPEDIA OF WORLD HISTORY

manipulating the vegetation in favor of those animals and plants that they preferred.

Early humanity was probably responsible for ex-4.

terminating the super-elephants and other living

bulldozers, which survive in an attenuated form

in Africa. In turn this would favor the growth of

trees.

Arguably, the last two examples represent the great-est effects that the human species has had (until now) on the world’s vegetation. Whether Paleolithic and Mesolithic people interacted with trees in cultural and spiritual ways, and whether this made any differ-ence to the trees themselves, it is impossible to say.

Trees before Metals

Further interactions came within the last 10,000 years. After the last ice age, trees returned to northern countries like Britain; traditionally they are thought to have generated a continuous “primeval forest,” which in practice may have been more savanna-like, with areas of grassland. Then people acquired the Neolithic arts of farming, keeping livestock and grow-ing crops, building permanent houses, and indulging

in pottery, temples, graveyards, and all the trappings of settled civilization. These were invented separately in various parts of the world and spread slowly almost throughout the globe, except in Australia.

In temperate climates trees are the farmer’s enemy, because arable crops will not grow in shade. Com-mon domestic animals require open grassland. They live in forests only in small numbers: they eat the low vegetation and when that is gone they starve. Hence farming began in savanna or grassland, since cultiva-tion of forested lands required a great investment of effort in digging up trees and making fi elds. This is documented with European settlement in America; presumably it happened also in northern Europe in Neolithic times, but without the metal tools and labor-saving devices available to settlers in historic times.

In the tropics, matters would have been somewhat different because some tropical crops grow in shade and some of the trees themselves have edible fruit. So forests were not necessarily destroyed but sometimes converted to orchards and cultural savanna.

At this stage if not earlier, people made the mo-mentous discovery that some trees sprout from the stump or roots when cut down, and the resulting

Jean-Pierre Houël, Castagno dei cento cavalli [The Chestnut Tree of One Hundred Horses] (1782). Gouache. Located 8 kilometers from Mt. Etna’s crater, this is the oldest known chestnut tree in the world. According to legend it sheltered a queen of Aragon and her company of a hundred knights when caught in a thunderstorm during a trip to the mountain.

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Articles include many illustrations and maps.


TREES • 2605

poles are more useful than the original tree-trunk. Thus woodland management originated, of which the fi rst certain evidence comes from the Neolithic of the Somerset Levels in England, some fi ve thousand years ago. People could (with diffi culty) fell forest giants, but big trees of most species have only one use before the invention of power tools—making dugout boats. The human population, although increased from hunter-gatherer times, was still too few to have more than a local effect merely by cutting down trees.

Thus began the characteristic ways in which settled people infl uence forests:

Digging up trees in order to use the land for 1.

farming.

Cutting down trees in order to use the timber or 2. wood, either for carpentry or as fi rewood (includ-ing fuel for making pottery).

Managing the remaining woodland in order to 3. produce a permanent supply of trees small enough for one or two men to handle.

Exterminating or reducing many of the wild her-4.

bivorous animals. Replacing wild beasts with domestic livestock, 5.

often in large enough numbers to hold back the

regrowth of felled trees.

Moving tree species around the world, for exam-6.

ple the cultivated apple, brought to Britain by the

Romans from its native Kazakhstan.

From small beginnings in the Neolithic these spread around the globe. It has been claimed that even in prehistory the reduction in forests was suffi cient to have a signifi cant effect on the carbon dioxide content of the atmosphere. However, the land area involved seems too small to account for the known carbon dioxide anomaly—unless, perchance, the equation needs to include the efforts of Australian Aborigines and American indigenous populations in preventing forests from overrunning the vast areas of savanna in those continents.

A less familiar use of trees is pollarding or shred-ding, that is, cropping the branches to provide leaves on which to feed livestock. This began in the Neolithic,

as cattle and sheep were introduced into forested regions that lacked grassland. It still continues in parts of the world where the growing season for grass is brief. Trees so treated are often very long-lived and grow into characteristic shapes.

Trees before Intercontinental Travel

In later prehistory uses of trees multiplied, especially in those cultures that invented metals. Bronze and iron made it easier to cut down trees and also greatly increased the need for fuel to smelt and work met-als. The Romans had an abundance of fuel-using activities—baths, brickmaking, glassmaking, as well as domestic heating and making throwaway pots. In-creasing population as well as developing technology multiplied the demands on the woods. Only locally, however, was mere human labor yet suffi cient to cut down trees faster than they could grow again. It was possible to transport and work great trees for excep-tional purposes, such as the roof timbers of Solomon’s Temple in Jerusalem, but this was a rare achievement: in most cultures trees small enough to handle were the stuff of everyday uses.

By late prehistory humanity had come to affect virtually all the world’s mainland forests and savan-nas, at least by interfering with the relation between trees and herbivorous animals and (where applica-ble) by altering the frequency of fi re. Islands such as those of the Mediterranean, which already had native mammals, were probably not much affected by hu-man settlement; but particularly devastating was the later effect of introducing goats and pigs to oceanic islands like St. Helena, where the vegetation was not adapted to any sort of land animal. The last large areas without human contact were Madagascar and New Zealand, reached by humanity around 2,000 and 800 years ago. The world’s very last “virgin for-ests,” unaffected by humanity, were probably on some remote island in the eighteenth century.

Agriculture gradually spread from its homeland in the sparsely tree’d regions of southwestern Asia into the much more wooded and less congenial regions of Europe. Even now, little is known of how, still less

If you reveal your secrets to the wind, you should not blame the wind for revealing them to the trees. • Kahlil Gibran (1883–1931)

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1124

Ski T

rack

s on

the E

ldor

ado

Ridg

e. Ph

oto

by Jo

sh L

ewis.

Alpine (or downhill) skiing is a popular winter recreational activity and competitive sport. As a competitive sport it is espe-cially popular in the Alpine nations of Europe; Europeans have long dominated the sport. � e sport consists of slalom and downhill races, with skiers racing against the clock. It is also a popular Olympic sport, with � ve events each for men and women. As a recreational activity, skiing faces challenges due to its high cost; global climate change means that many ski resorts face an uncertain future.

Keywords: winter sport, skiing, Alpine, snow sport, environment, climate change, Olympics, speed

A lpine skiing consists of two types of skiing on snow: slalom (skiing in a zigzag or wavy course between

upright obstacles) and downhill. During the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries Alpine skiing developed and spread, especially during the 1930s, to every part of the world that had enough snow cover to support the sport. Slalom and downhill came to dominate recreational and competitive skiing on all levels.

History � e word Alpine refers to the Alps mountain range of central Europe, but long before people skied the Alps, Siberian tribes, nomadic Sami, and Norwegians had skied fast down their local hillsides when necessary. When Norwegians � rst visited the Alps at the beginning of the twentieth century, they told their hosts that the Alps, with their steep, wooded hillsides, were no place to ski and that everyone should stick to the undulations of the forelands.

Early skiers of Europe’s heartland read the book by the Norwegian explorer Fridtjof Nansen (1861–1930) about his 1888 crossing of the Greenland ice cap. � e book contained

a long chapter on the history of skiing as well as on his use of skis. � is utilitarian aspect of skis motivated outdoor enthusiasts to try skiing for sport. From the start skiing appealed to the middle and upper classes of the heartland, in contrast to Norway, where skis provided a way of getting about in winter country. � e wealthy of Europe found a new preoccupation for their winter days that promised exercise, health, and amusement. Only in the military was skiing taken up by recruits from mountain villages; in France, for example, the local boys were persuaded with di� culty to leave their animal-heated dens and odorous dwellings for a breath of high country air.

Until about 1900 skiers tended to slide around valley � oors, occasionally making a trip to a pass or a col (a ridge connecting two higher elevations), and some of the more adventurous, often simulating their summer excursions, strove for a peak. On the return the exhilaration of the downhill rush was often commented upon. It was “the nearest approach to � ying,” Sir Arnold Lunn (1888–1974), the creator of the � rst slalom course, con� ded to his diary in 1905.

Whereas a Norwegian country lad skied out of his back door, the wealthy of Europe had to travel from the cities to the ski � elds. � e development of transportation was vital for skiing to grow into a sport. Many out-of-the-way Alpine villages that happened to be on a rail line experienced an economic upturn if they provided accommodation and guides. Mayors and innkeepers often promoted the develop-ment of skiing.

Switzerland’s touristic infrastructure, already catering to an extended clientele with a large number of health stations, began to convert to winter use. In 1880 the bed count stood at 43,850. � e number had doubled by 1894 and in 1912 reached 168,625, the year when 18,000 British visited

Skiing, Alpine Ski Alpin

Esquí alpino

Translations provided for the names of sports

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skiing, alpine • 1125

for winter sporting. These Swiss stations were well served by the ease of railway connections in comparison with, say, Murzzuschlag, Austria, or Chamonix, France. The annual number of visitors to Davos in 1900 was thirteen thousand, almost exactly the number who visited the entire country of Norway.

Home Away from HomeBritish visitors—men and women—came from the top drawer of society to enjoy strenuous leisure in two select clubs, stayed in hotels reserved for themselves, and re- created an England of public school and officers’ mess among the stunning vistas of the Swiss Alps.

One of these clubs was the Ski Club of Great Britain, founded in 1903, which spent its time devising tests and running competitions. The key word is tests. These tests were supposed to produce an all-round skier. Arnold Lunn wrote about passing his third-class test in 1905: “Up and down 1,500 feet in two hours. Passed easily, though skis were coming off the whole way up. Came down with ski unfas-tened.” Style was important because skiing was perceived to be aesthetic: “He who habitually uses sticks [poles] to con-trol ski is supposed to be disqualified.” Competent judges were hard to come by.

The British were by no means the only people to enjoy the new sport. In the years before 1914 the wealthy of Vienna, Berlin, Munich, Prague, Paris, Grenoble, and Turin also took to skiing and were tested by their own Kunstlauf (skill race), Hindernisluaf (obstacle race), and Stilgemasse Lauf (style point race). Viennese high society had easy access to the slopes at Potzleinsdorf. Later they took the train to Semmering, Murzzusclag, and particularly to Lilienfeld, where their instructor, Mathias Zdarsky (1856–1940), demanded disci-pline and orthodoxy from his followers, drilling thousands during the years in a military manner while teaching them a technique that allowed for a descent on a steep slope even though he insisted on the use of only one pole.

On mountain ranges across Germany, in the Black Forest, Harz, and Riesengebirge, people who had read Nansen often inspired their friends to try skiing, and active clubs were formed. The same occurred in Austria. Such was the proliferation of skiing clubs that the Nor-wegians became concerned that the rest of Europe was corrupting what they considered to be their national sport. They organized the first international ski congress in 1910 to ensure that they controlled skiing. This con-gress was the forerunner of the Federation International de Ski (FIS), which was founded in 1924 and was, in spite of its French name, dominated by Scandinavians until after World War II.

Test of SkillArnold Lunn, realizing that most Europeans were on skis only for short holiday periods and that the Alps required a different sort of skiing than the skiing that was practiced in Norway, began proselytizing for a downhill race in 1913, claiming that it would be “the finest and most conclusive test of skiing.” The key word is—again—test. For Lunn the descent from the peak was as challenging as the climb up: the degree of slope, differing snow conditions, changing weather, and natural objects all tested the skier. Once in the trees, the skier had to negotiate the glades and run the curv-ing paths and slippery logging roads while descending to the inn on the valley floor. In order to test a person’s ability to ski down from the high peaks, races down mountains were invented. Some races required elongated turns, others with sharper turns demanded more control of the skis. The downhill—often called the “down mountain race” or “straight race” (because the mark of an accomplished skier is a straight track)—was to simulate the speedy descent from peak or pass to tree line. The slalom tested the ability to take curves; it simulated tree running.

Early downhill races were uncontrolled descents. In 1910, while leading the unmarked course for the Roberts

The true skier does not follow where others lead. . . . What marble is to the sculptor, so are the latent harmonies of ridge and hollow, powder, and sun-softened crust to the true skier. By a wise dispensation of providence,

the snow, whose beauty has been defaced and destroyed by the multitude of piste addicts, does not record the passage of the “lifted skier.” It is only soft snow that records the movements of

individual skiers, and it is only with soft snow that the real artist can express himself.

Sir Arnold Lunn, creator of the first slalom course

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munity of Believers to Islam in the Global Community (This World of Ours series), 44

This Sporting World (This World of Ours series), 43

This World of Ours series, 42–44This Fleeting World, 32, 33, 36This Good Earth, 43This Is Africa, 43This Is America, 43This Is China, 42, 44This Is Islam, 44This Sporting World, 43

translations. See foreign language rightsUnited States. See American studiesWar, Diplomacy, and Peacemaking (Berkshire

Essentials series), 49Wealth of Nations (Adam Smith) (Berkshire

Classics series), 52webinars, 56women’s studies

Encyclopedia of Leadership, 31 Women’s and Gender History (Berkshire

Essentials series), 49Women’s and Gender History (Berkshire Essen-

tials series), 49World Environmental History (Berkshire Essen-

tials series), 49world history, 32–39

Art in World History (Berkshire Essen-tials series), 48

Encyclopedia of World History, 2nd Edition, 34–35, 75–77

Outline of History (H. G. Wells) (Berk-shire Classics series), 52

Religion and Belief Systems in World History (Berkshire Essentials series), 49

This Fleeting World: A Short History of Humanity (This World of Ours series), 32, 33, 36

indEX