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Behavior Based Safety
GLTE – BEHAVIOR BASED SAFETY MY EXPERIENCE
SCOTT BRAAK – LOSS PREVENTION CONSULTANT
CMI
OBJECTIVES TODAY:
! Identify differences between traditional vs BBS
! Know “when and when not” to implement BBS
! Explain why most traditional safety programs don’t work alone!
! Understand why positive reinforcement is much more powerful than negative reinforcement
WHY SAFETY PROGRAMS DO NOT WORK:
! Safety is a priority, not a value! ! Safety is not managed in the same manner as
production, quality, and cost issues! ! Safety is not driven through continuous
improvement! ! Low hanging fruit hasn’t been picked ! Team members feel they don’t have a voice ! Safety concerns are not addressed
HERMAN MILLER EXPERIENCE:
! 40% SIR Reduction
UNSAFE ACTS & CONDITIONS CAUSE LOSSES
UNSAFE ACTS: ! Driver runs a red light ! Employee does not wear eye protection ! Forklift operator driving too fast ! Worker standing on top rung of a ladder ! Operator removes a safety guard from working machinery
! Wheel chocks are not put in place at the rear wheels of a truck trailer
UNSAFE CONDITIONS: ! Bald tires on company vehicle ! Oil or water on the Plant Floor ! Boxes stored precariously on warehouse shelves ! Dim lighting or burnt out bulbs ! Machinery is unguarded ! Damaged or frayed electrical cords ! Faulty equipment ! Damaged Storage Racks
Major Loss Probability
Severe Injury or Fatality
Injury (medical only)
Near-‐Miss Incident
At Risk Behaviors Unsafe Acts & Conditions
1
29
300
15,000
UNSAFE ACT OR UNSAFE CONDITION?
PEOPLE-‐RELATED CAUSES: ! Improper Selection ! Risk Taking ! Inadequate Training ! Inadequate Instructions/Direction ! Mental Overload/Preoccupation
“FALLACIES OR REALITIES” IN SAFETY FABLES?
! Conditions cause accidents! ! Enforcing rules improves safety! ! Safety professionals can keep workers safe! ! Low accident rates indicate safety programs are
working well! ! Investigating to find the root cause of accidents
will improve safety! ! Awareness training improves safety! ! Rewards improve safety! ! All injuries are preventable?
• An excellent tool for collecting data on the quality of a company’s safety management system
• A scientific way to understand why people behave the way they do when it comes to safety
• Properly applied, an effective next step towards creating a truly pro-active safety culture where loss prevention is a core value
• Conceptually easy to understand but often hard to implement and sustain
Behavior Based Safety: What Is It?
• Only about observation and feedback
• Concerned only about the behaviors of line employees
• A substitution for traditional risk management techniques
• About cheating & manipulating people & aversive control
• A focus on incident rates without a focus on behavior
• A process that does not need employee involvement
Behavior Based Safety: What It Is Not!
• Attempts to eliminate the hazard
• Having employees work around the hazard
• Guarding or warning employees about the hazard
• Training employees to deal safely with the hazard
Traditional Hierarchy of Safety Interventions Included:
DO NOT GET INTO A BLIND HURRY WHERE SAFETY IS NEGLECTED
Human behavior is both:
" # Observable
# Measurable
therefore
Behavior can be managed !
• Loss runs from insurance carrier or broker
• OSHA logs
• First aid logs
• Near miss / hit reports
• Absenteeism / turnover reports
Use Prior Experience Data to Target Jobs for Observation
Focus on relevant behaviors that will have a direct impact on losses
• Many behaviors that are directly related to the losses are unconscious behaviors that occur quickly
• Select critical behaviors to focus on through actual observation of people at work - not just through discussion & brainstorming
Define Critical Behaviors - What is “Safe” & What is “At-risk”?
ATTITUDES ARE INSIDE A PERSON’S HEAD -THEREFORE THEY ARE NOT OBSERVABLE OR MEASURABLE
Attitudes can be changed by changing behaviors
however
ABC MODEL
Antecedents (trigger behavior)
Behavior (human performance)
Consequences (either reinforce or punish behavior)
DEFINITIONS:
Activators: A person, place, thing or event that happens before a behavior takes place that encourages you to perform that behavior.
Activators only set the stage for behavior or
performance - they don’t control it.
Some examples of activators
Behavior: Any directly measurable thing that a person does, including speaking, acting, and performing physical functions.
Definitions:
Some examples of behavior:
Definitions:
Consequences: Events that follow behaviors. Consequences increase or decrease the probability that the behaviors will occur again in the future.
Great report card!!!
I
If you don’t start talking your going to jail
Some examples of Consequences:
BOTH POSITIVE (R+) & NEGATIVE (R-) REINFORCEMENT CAN INCREASE BEHAVIOR
R+ : any consequence that follows a behavior and
increases the probability that the behavior will occur more often in the future - You get something you want
R- : a consequence that strengthens any behavior that reduces or terminates the consequence - You escape or avoid something you don’t want
Good safety suggestion Joe! Keep bringing ‘em up! R+
R-
One more report like this and you’re outa
here!!
WHAT EMPLOYEES WANT:
! A Safe Workplace ! A Positive Workplace ! To Take Care of One Another ! To Stop the Hurt!
WHAT MANAGEMENT WANTS:
! An Accident Free Workplace ! Empowered Employees ! Pro-active Rather Than Re-active Work
Process ! To Minimize Direct and Indirect Costs and
Threat of Liability From Accidents
If you want to know what people find to be reinforcing....
observe what they do when they have the freedom to choose.
To create conditions that encourage people to collaborate because they want to
not because they have to
Let’s do it!!
The Behavior Based Safety Challenge:
“Focus on the process….not results……they will come later!”
A Values-Based Process
WHY DO WE NEED TO CHANGE?
“If you do what you’ve always done, you’ll get what you always got!” W. Edwards Deming