Advanced Topics in Behavior-Based Safety

© Copyright 2006 Quality Safety Edge1

Advanced Topics inBehavior-Based Safety

Behavioral Safety Now, 2006Kansas City, Mo.

Terry E. McSweenQuality Safety Edge


Objectives

During this workshop, you will:– Complete a preliminary assessment– Develop a preliminary plan for

enhancing your BBS process


Our Agenda

Introduction– Emergency exits– Who is QSE?

Common issuesReview BBS basicsBest practices and self assessmentQ & A


Who are we?

BBS experience began in 1980QSE founded in 1990National Awards

– ASSE Scrivener Award, 1994– OBM Network Outstanding Contribution, 2001

The Values-Based Safety Process– Initial publication in 1995– 2nd Edition, 2003

Started Behavioral Safety NOW in 1995


Common “Barriers”

Active employee resistanceLack of employee participation and support

– After initial implementation– At some time after implementation

Poor management supportToo many initiativesToo little attention to safety issues/systems


The Basics

Employee conduct observations of critical behaviorsVoluntaryNo namesNo disciplineObservations announced in advanceIncludes positivesImmediate feedback


Thermal Area - Major RefinerySafety Observations vs Number of Accidents

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Jun

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Jan '94

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Jan '95 Feb Mar Apr

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n

#o

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Accidents Observations

Safety ObservationsStarted 8/94


Recordable Accidents at a Refinery

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#

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995

Values BasedSafety


LWC Rate at a Refinery

Lost Workday Incident Rates

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0.5

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1.5

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2.5

1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Year

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Values-Based Safety


Average Monthly Participation

Percentage of Employees Conducting Observations

0102030405060708090

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 YTD

Per

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t


Common Opportunities

Define the role of leadersRecognize successTrain everyoneCreate tailored checklistsEnsure a process for use of dataInvolvement employees in planning


#6 – Define Management Support

Train leaders in their role– They must know

» How to conduct observation» How to support the process

Include all levels in conducting observations!


1999 Leadership & Employee Participation(10 Locations)

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1020

304050

607080

% EmployeeParticiption

> 80% 60-70% < 40%

Leadership Observations


Key Leadership Practices


Monitor the Process

Sample Behaviors:– Review training and implementation progress– Formal and informal– Ask questions about the BBS process

» How is the process going?» What are the levels of participation? Is it getting better?» What behaviors are being recognized?» What is the Safety Committee targeting for improvement?» Ask what Safety Committee is planning to do?» What celebrations are planned?


Leadership’s Role Exercise

Complete the self assessment worksheetShare a successful practice from your facilityIn your groups, identify things that you might

do to improve leadership support

10 minutes


#5 Recognize Success

Use recognition and celebrations to support safetyefforts

– Don’t “dangle the carrot”– Tie to behavior, not reporting– Watch your data

Safety recognition and awards are programs– Revise regularly– Use to support continuous improvement


Recognize Teams and Individuals

To increase involvement– # of observations (for individuals)– Level of participation (for teams)

To promote quality observationsTo encourage suggestions and reporting of near

missesTo recognize safety champions


Plan Recognition & Celebrations

Implementation tasks:– Develop criteria for individuals and groups– Identify potential recognition and celebrations– Plan administrative process

» How will the Steering Committee determine when thecriteria have been met

» Who will be responsible for this tracking


Plan Individual Recognition

Common criteria:– First observation– # of observations– Conducting a good safety meeting– Near miss or potential accident reports– Quality observations– Safety suggestions– Off-the-job or home safety– Other significant safety contribution


Plan Individual Recognition

Awards distributed immediately, in safetymeetings, or as part of celebration

Suggested awards– Quality observations reviewed in safety meetings– Designer safety glasses– Personally valuable award– Educational opportunities (conferences, seminars, etc.)


Sample Recognition Plan

Observation reviewed in safety meetingand ticket for free lunch in lunchroom

Quality observationOther

“Safety Champion” jacketSustain 4 obs per month for 1 year4

T-shirtBaseball cap

Conducted 4 obs per month for 1 quarter3

Designer safety glassesDetachable key-ringPocket knife

Five observations2

Hard-hat stickerFirst observation1

Menu of CelebrationsCriteriaLevel


Plan Team Celebrations

Suggested criteria:– “Upstream” measures:

» # of observations» % participation» Improvement/goal achievement on target behavior

– “Outcome” Measures (unannounced):» Improvement in LWC (perhaps TRIR)


Plan Team Celebrations

Usually involve food for allMust communicate the reason for celebrationTypically include individual recognition


Sample Celebration Plan

Family picnic w/ barbecue served by mgmt- or -

Couples barn dance with live entertainment

Average 90% or better for twelve months5

Steak & potato luncheonSustain 90% participation for one quarter4

Hamburger luncheonAchieve 90% participation3

Sausage & egg biscuits in safety meetingSustain 20% improvement for three months2

Breakfast tacos in safety meeting20% improvement in participation1

Menu of CelebrationsCriteriaLevel


Recognition Exercise


do to improve recognition and celebrations

10 minutes


#4 Train Everyone

Train all employees– Build support for process– Enhance observation & feedback skills– Train observers to be objective & specific– Provide practice doing & discussing observations

Observer training typically requires 4-8 hoursTarget educating 20% before starting observationsOther training and education

– Steering Committee– Leadership


#3 Create Tailored Checklist

Create checklists that are specific to your experience– Area specific– Based on your experience

Use practices rather than behaviors on checklist– “Line of fire”– Works clear of pinch points & hot surfaces

Discuss “Concerns” not “Unsafe” actionsRevise when necessary


Training & Checklist Exercise


do to improve your training and checklists

10 minutes


#2 Ensure Use of Data

Ensure that your organization is prepared tosystematically use the observation data

– Target specific behaviors for improvement– Create action plans that visibly address both

behavioral and facility issues– Communicate these!

Have a data feedback process


Primary Tool – Pareto Diagram

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Repeated Pareto Diagram

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Front end Maitenance Shipping andreceiving

Other

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Dig Into Your Data

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Front end Maitenance Shipping andreceiving

Other

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Con

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Comments:1. Not using lifting device.2. Lifting device not working properly.3. Can’t keep up using lifting device.4. Lifting device difficult to use.


Action Plans Address Causes

Conditions& Behavior

20%

Behavior76%

- Feedback & participation support safe practices- Employee learn to recognize hazards- Action plans address training,

procedures, etc

Action plans address conditions that create risks


Observation Data Exercise


do to improve the use of observation data

10 minutes


#1 Involve Employees in Planning

Emphasize planning first,training second!


Employee ownership isKEY to your success!

Ownership comes ONLY through meaningfulinvolvement in planning.


Key Concept

Behavioral safety is aboutcreating a system!

It is not about changing people&

It is not about carrotsand Band-Aids


Additional Information

Books:– The Values-Based Safety Process (McSween, ‘03)– The Psychology of Safety (Geller, ‘96)– The Behavior-Base Safety Process (Krause, et al, ‘90)

Behavioral Safety NOW Annual conference– www.behavioralsafetynow.com

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Advanced Topics in Behavior-Based Safety