bdu©KeD&Sdoihfr&Sdoihf aygif;csKyf ( trSwf 2 ) · 2020. 3. 23. · ykHESdyf&mZ0if 254 N Wickiup Rd, Apache Junction, AZ 85119 Tel: (480)-288-0789 rmwdum pmzwfolxHrSay;pm q-Z "r®tar;tajzrsm;aygif;csKyf(trSwf-2)pum;>ruf

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t&Sifauvmo "r®mp&d,? B.A (Philo) M.A. (Buddhism)

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254 N Wickiup Rd, Apache Junction, AZ 85119

Tel: (480)-288-0789 www.kelasa.org

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254 N Wickiup Rd, Apache Junction, AZ 85219

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194/ wrvGefbm0em 659-660195/ umarok ... 660-661196/ vdifwlcsif; 662-665197. The Path Finder 666 - 668

198/ wrvGefrS aESmihf,Sufol 668-679199/ pkHocsFm 671-671200/ &SifrmvJ? arawå,s? a0óEÅ&m 672-675201/ Zmwfvrf;a[mif; 678-678202/ rkom;jzL? azsmfajzol 679-680203/ avvGihfpdwf 680-681204/ tpGrf;ppf 681-683205/ omuDArm 683-686206/ a&pufcsjcif; 687-689207/ ,rrif;ppfwrf; 689-692208/ qGrf;awmfuyf&if 692-694209/ yDjyifatmifvkyf 694-695210/ rD'D,mESifh qifjcifp&m 695-697211/ orD;wdkY'ku© 698-700212/ aevGJnpm rpm;jcif; 701-704213/ urÇmom;eJY yvlwdkom; 704-706214/ ,k*fav;rsKd; 707-708215/ Ak'¨pG,fawmf 709-712216/ &[EÅmjzpfvdkY aowmvm; 712-713217/ Ak'¨bmomaumif; 714-717218/ Ak'üsdef;puf? xdkpdwfwGuf?

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277/ tMum;tjrif 868-872278/ tajzrJhar;cGef; 872-876279/ awmif;yefyg 876-877 280. Enough 878-879

281/ olawmif;pm;eJY bkef;BuD; 879-881282/ ,k*e'ÿ#dy'g 882-883283/ ewfeJY zefqif;&Sif 884-886284/ &nfpl;'ge 886-888285/ &[ef;jyKusKd; 889-890286/ ukodkvfjyKenf; 890-893

287/ tMunf"mwfESihf pdwf0dnmOf 893-896

288/ owåm0go bkHudk;0 897-898289/ ½kyfwkH;BuD;&JU oHo&m 898-900290/ NidK;avol&JU ed*kH; 901-902

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257/ Asm'dwfcHcGifh 822-824258/ rypfMueJY 824-827259/ owfrd&iftjypf 827-829260/ oDcsif;qdkí w&m;a[mjcif; 829-830261/ ukodkvfa&;ayrdkY 830-833262/ uAsma&;wJh &[EÅm 833-834263/ NydwåmrSwfpk 837-841264/ taysmfvdrf 841-842I265/ i&Jouf 842-844266/ tav;teufvkyf 844-845267/ qifqifjcifjcif 846-848268/ w&m;rSwfao&if 848-849269/ &SmazGqJ 849-850270/ ukodkvfwHcg; 850-853271/ csihfcsifhcsdefcsdef 853-856272/ aoapñTef;cGifh 856-858273/ vl0ifpm; 859-861274/ Or®m'EÅDvdk 862-864275/ wrvGefolYqDodkY 864-866276/ jzpfEdkifajc 866-868

p t&Sifauvmo (USA) "r ®tar;tajzrsm;

305/ t&SiftEk½k'¨g?t&Sifr[muó jyifqifcsuf 955-958

306/ tvªyGJ MuufaMumf 958-961307/ aq;vdyf uGrf;,m a&SmifMuOfyg 961-966308/ r[mNyKH;eJY tNyKHcHrvm; 966-971309/ uHMur®m,dk;r,fzGJU 972-975310/ qifjcifygukef 975-977311/ owdcsyfygukef 978-982312/ ukodkvfxl;ckepfrsKd; 982-985313/ ckepfqlbk&m;&Sdcdk; 985-987314/ jrefrmh*kPfaqmif 988-990315/ p&PtusKd; 991-994316/ o&JawGudk jrifol 994-997317/ ajzaomfrajy 997-1001318/ rSefygonf? odkYaomf .. 1002-1005319/ tawG;em; owdxm; 1006-1007320/ ½kyfykHqif;wka[mif;awG 1008-1010321/ tdrfOD;ewf 1011-1014322/ od&o®ð*gxm 1015-1018

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ar 28? 2010/--------------------------------

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at;jrwfudk? &efukef---------------------------

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146/ bmoma&; pwefYavmar 28? 2010/------------------------------------

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147/ b0vrf;ñTef Zlvdkif 14? 2010/---------------------------

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at;jrwfudk? &efukef---------------------------

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146/ bmoma&; pwefYavm 531

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Ak'¨0g'D&J U ,k H MunfrI (10)rsK d;jrwfAk'¨ a[mMum;wwJh xdkxdk edum,fygVdawmfawGrSm or ®m'd|d(rSefaomtjrif) qdkwmudk 'Dvdk zGifhqdkxm;wmudk awGU&ygw,f/ Ak'¨0g'DawG&JU tajccH ,kHMunfcsuf (10)rsKd;vdkYvnf; ac:Edkifygw,f ...

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b0vrf;ñTef 533

148/ ocFg&? Oyg'gemu©E¨m? "r®mEkyóem Zlvdkif 14? 2010/-------------------------------------

½dkaopGm ar;avQmuftyfygonf t&Sifbk&m;?

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147/ b0vrf;ñTef 533

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534 t&Sifauvmo (USA) "r ®tar;tajzrsm; 147/ b0vrf;ñTef 535

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148/ ocFg&? Oyg'gemu©E¨m? "r ®mEkyóem 537

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149/ tGefvdkif;cspfolZlvdkif 24? 2010/---------------------------------------

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149/ tGefvdkif;cspfol 539

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152/ zDvifESpfck

Mo*kwf 19? 2010/----------------------------------------------


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&Sdckd;OD;wifygonf t&Sifbk&m;/

rD;aiG---------------------------

Mo*kwf 24? 2010/----------------------------

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0drkwådokc---------------------------

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153/ t&d,mtppf wpfq,hf&Spf Mo*kwf 25? 2010/-----------------------------

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atmifausmfrdk; (UAE)---------------------------

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154/ Ak'¨0g'DawG ewfudk;uG,f&if

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(tbd-| 3? 48)/

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Htin Aung, Folk Elements in Burmesse Buddhism, p. 63, 73)/

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154/ Ak'¨0g'DawG ewfudk;uG,f&if 557

Mo*kwf 29? 2010/------------------------------------------

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{u&D---------------------------

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155/ trsKd;orD; Ak'¨jzpfcGifh&Sd 558 t&Sifauvmo (USA) "r ®tar;tajzrsm;

udk? rjywfudk;uG,f? tEÅ&m,fvnf;? udk,f0,fvGwfuif;? r&SdvQif;\} wJh/

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155/ trsKd;orD; Ak'¨jzpfcGihf&Sd 561564 t&Sifauvmo (USA) "r ®tar;tajzrsm;

omatmif olaX;jzpfatmif vkyfay;jcif;? rsufrjyifudk jrifatmifvkyfay;jcif; pwmawGeJY u,fwifjcif;qdkwJh t"dyÜm,f r[kwfbl;/udk;uG,fcH Ak'¨? "r ®eJY oHCmu oifMum;csufawGudk ay;w,f? udk;uG,folawGu tJ'gawGudk vdkufemusihfokH;wmudkyJ udk;uG,fjcif;vdkY qdkygw,f/ tjyifu tm;udk;p&mudk *½krpdkufbJ udk,fhvkyftm; (ur ®)&JU aumif;usKd; qdk;usKd;udk b,folrS rwm;qD;Edkifbl;(0d-| 2? 5) vdkYyJ ,kHMunfw,f/ rdrdudk,fudk Ak'¨bmomvdkY cH,lxm;&if tJ'D t"dyÜm,f zGifhqdkcsufeJYtnD rdrdvkyftm;udk tajccHNyD;tusKd;tjypfqdkwmudk rdrdbmom em;vnfvdkufyg/

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atmifausmfrdk; (UAE)---------------------------

bdk;awmfawG b,frSmvJy#dorÇd'gr*¾ ygVdawmf (pm? 391) t& 0dZÆm"& (0dZÆm"dk&f) yk*¾KdvfawG[m ¤if;wdkY&JU 0dZÆm twwfynmeJY wefcdk;jyEdkifaMumif; od&w,f/ tJ'D twwfudk *E¨m&D 0dZÆmtwwfvdkY ac:NyD; 'DtwwfrsKd;eJYtm,kod'¨d jzpfatmif (touf&Snfatmif)vnf; vkyfEdkifaMumif;?&wemokH;yg;&JU *kPfudk rdrdudk,frSm tNrJxkHxm;NyD; wefcdk;BuD;ewfawGeJY cifrif&if;ESD;atmif vkyf&if 'DtwwfrsKd;udk &EdkifaMumif;?ewftcsKdUxufyif wefcdk;BuD;EdkifaMumif; v,fwDq&mawmfBuD;rdefYcJhygw,f (0dZÆmr*¾'DyeD usrf;rsm ½Iyg)/

'gaMumihf tJ'Dvdk xl;qef;wJh twwfynmudk wwfuRrf;wJhyk*¾KdvfawG avmurSm &Sdaumif; &SdrSmyg/ 'gayr,hf bkd;bdk;atmifbdk;rif;acgifwdkYeJY ywfoufNyD; bkef;BuD;rSm udk,fwdkidfod tawGU tBuKH r&Sdzl;yg/ ¤if;wdkY[m ykxkZOfawGyJ jzpfzG,f&SdvdkY aumif;wmudkvkyfcJh&if ok*wdbkHrSm &SdEdkifNyD; vdrfnm Mumckd vkyfcJh&ifawmh 'k*¾wdbkHrSm &Sdr,fvdkYawmh qdkEdkif&mygw,f/

¤if;wdk Yud k udk;uG,f&ifAk'¨bmomt& udk;uG,fjcif;qdkwm udkf;uG,fcHt&muudk csOf;uyfylaZmfNyD; 0efcs qkaawmif;vdkuf½kHeJY udk;uG,foludk csufjcif; csrf;

156/ bdk;awmfawGudk udk;uG,f&if 563562 t&Sifauvmo (USA) "r ®tar;tajzrsm;

pm;zdkY vlwdkif; tcGifhta&; &Sdw,f/ 'Dawmh rdef;rjzpf? a,musfm;jzpfqdkwmudk cE¨mjzpfpOf oHo&mrSm NzKHp&m rvdkygbl;/ udk,hfvkyftm;udk ,kHMunfwJh Ak'¨0g'DawGtzdkY 'DvGwfvyfrI[m tifrwef tm;wufzG,fygyJ/

Ak'¨rsK d;aphawGr[m,me 'óet& owå0gwdkif;rSm Buddha nature = Ak'¨ jzpfvmr,fh tajccH? odkYr[kwf Ak'ÄDZ (Ak'¨rsKd;aph) &SdvdkY ,ck b,fb0rsKd; jzpfaeap aemufqkH; wpfcsdefrSm aAm"dÓmPfudk &NyD; Ak'¨ jzpfvmrSmyJ/ ax&0g'&JU y&rw¬tjrifeJYqdk&if owå0gawG[m jA[ ®mhbkHeYJ 0ufpm;usuf wpfvSnfhpDaygh/ avmurSm taztar tpfudknDr ZeD;cifyGef; rawmfpyfzl;ol &,fvdkY r&Sdbl;? rdef;r rjzpfzl;ol?a,musfm; rjzpfzl;ol&,fvdkYvnf; r&Sdbl;wJh/ 'g[m qE´&Sd&ifa,musfm;a&m rdef;ryg Ak'¨jzpfEdkifw,fqdkwJh oabmyJ/

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156/ bdk;awmfawGudk udk;uG,f&ifpufwifbm 1? 2010/------------------------------------------------------

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157/ &yfjypf &Spfyg;


MoumouefawmhcsKd;rSm ygonhf &yfjypf &Spfyg;? &efolrsKd; ig;yg;?0dywådw&m; av;yg;? Asoew&m; ig;yg;? rdp>m'd|d 62 yg; wdkYudkodvdkygonf t&Sifbk&m;/

odef;aZmf---------------------------

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157/ &yfjypf &Spfyg; 565

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aiGav;---------------------------

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159/ zkwf0ifjcif;? aMu;pnfwD;jcif; pufwifbm 7? 2010/---------------------------------


wynhfawmf i,fi,fu ab;tdrfu vlrrmonf[m tpm;tpmawG auR;&if vlawGtdyfrS pm;aMumif; od&ygonf/ tJ'gudk vlawG


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rSwfcsuf/ / tus,fodvdk&if jA[ ®Zmvokwf ('D 1? 1-42 xd)jrefrmjyefrSm zwf½IEdkifygw,f/

158/ bDvl;pD;jcif; ½dkaopGm avQmufxm;tyfygonft&Sifbk&m;?

vlawG tdyfaysmfaewJhtcsdef wpfcgwav todpdwf &Sdaeayr,hftdrfruf rufovdk r[kwfbJ vIyfvdkY r&? atmfvdkY r& jzpfwwfygonf/ awmfawmfMumrS cE¨mudk,fudk jyefvIyfvdkY &vmwwfygonf/


onhf t&yfü arG;zGm;&ol 6) rZÑdra'o (Ak'¨0g'jyefYyGm;onhf ae&m)ü jzpfaomfvnf; uH uH\tusKd;udk r,kHMunfol (rdp>m'd|d) jzpfaeol 7) rZÑdra'o (Ak'0g'jyefYyGm;onhf ae&m)ü jzpfaomfvnf; qGHUt em;rMum;? taumif;tqdk;udk em;rvnfol (ÓmPf&nf rrDol)jzpfjcif; 8) rZÑdra'o (NrdKUBuD; jyBuD;)rSm arG;zGm;NyD; todÓmPfjynhfpkHaomfvnf; Ak'¨ ryGihfonhf t&yf (Ak'ömoem rxGef;um;onhf t&yf)/ aygif; &yfjypf 8 yg;/rSwfcsuf/ / okwfygax,st|uxmeJY ZdemvuFm&#DumawGrSm&yfjypf&Spfyg; ,lykH tenf;i,f jcm;em;w,f/

&efolrsK d; 5 yg;Opöm pnf;pdrf ysufpD;aMumif;w&m; ig;yg;vdkY usrf;*efrSm qdkw,f/rD;? a&? rif;? ckd;om;"m;jy? rcspfrESpfouftyfonhf tarGcHqdk; (tH2? 226/ ax&D? 507 *gxm)/

0dywådw&m; 4 yg;rjynfhpkHrI av;rsKd;/ 'Dav;rsKd;aMumihf ukokdvfuH tusKd;ay;cGifhudkydwfap? odkYr[kwf aESmihfaES;apw,f/ 1) *wd0dywåd = tyg,fav;bkHü jzpf&jcif; 2) Oy"d0dywåd = cRwf,Gif;aom ½kyf&nfudk &jcif;3) umv0dywåd = rif;qdk; rif;npfwdkY\ tkyfcsKyfcdkufESihf BuKHBudKufjcif; 4) ya,m*0dywåd = raumif;rIjzihf oufarG; 0rf;ausmif; jyK&jcif; (tbd-| 2? 421)/

Asoew&m; 5 yg;ysufpD; qkH;½IhH;rI ig;rsKd;/ 1) ÓmwdAsoe = aqGrsKd; ysufpD;jcif; 2)abm*Asoe = ypönf;Opöm ysufpD;jcif; 3) a&m*Asoe = a&m*gESdyfpufí ysufpD;jcif; 4) oDvAsoe = udk,fusihfw&m; ysufpD;jcif; 5) 'd|dAsoe = aumif;rSefaom bmom t,l0g' ysufpD;jcif;('D 3? 196)/

159/ bDvl;pD;jcif; 567

u zkwf0ifonf[k qdkygonf/ wynhfawmf odvdkonfrSm y&avmu om;onf vlwpfa,mufudk 'ku©ay;Edkifygovm;? vlaoaumifudk y&avmuom;u uyfonf qdkjcif;rSm jzpfEDdkifygovm;/

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atmifausmfrdk;---------------------------

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zkwf0ifw,fqdkwm tJ'grsKd; jzpfavrvm;/ ,kHMunfavmufwJhokomef "kwifaqmif rax&fawG ajymjywJh y&avmuom;awGeJYywfoufwJh tHhMozG,f jzpf&yfqef;awG taMumif;udkvnf; Mum;zl;ygw,f/ 'gayr,hf vlaotavmif;u jyefxvmNyD; vIyf&Sm;rIawG vkyfwmrsKd;udkawmh udk,fawGU wpfcgrS rBuKHzl;yg/

rjrifzl;wJh acG;rBuD;bkef;BuD; i,fi,fu &SifjyKcgeD;qJqJ bkef;BuD;ausmif;om;b0eJYwpfaeY arSmif&DysKd;p tcsdef naepmpm;NyD; bkef;BuD;ausmif;udk tdyf


odkvfuHaMumihf jzpf&wm/ ,rrif;[m w&m;tm;xkwf&if r*f zdkvfudk &EdkifowJh/ 'gaMumihf r[m0dygufpdwf 8 yg;xJu wpfckckeJYy#doaE¨ ae&zG,f&Sdw,f/

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trQa0&usK d;tukodkvfuH enf;enf;eJY i&JodkY a&mufvmolawGtay: ¤if;wdkYvkyfzl;wJh ukodkvfuHudk trSwf&atmif ,rrif;u ppfar;&w,f/ig;Budrf ppfar;ygvsuf udk,fvkyfzl;wJh ukodkvfudk trSwfr&Ekdif&if]'Dvl[m ukokdvfjyKpOfu ighudk trQa0zl;cJhovm;}vdkY ,rrif;udk,fwkdif qifjcifMunhfNyD; trQa0cJhzl;&if ,rrif;u ¤if;tm;owday;wJhtwGuf trSwf&oGm;NyD; i&JrS vGwfoGm;owJh/ 'Dvdkqdk&if ,rrif;udk trQa0&usKd; eyfwmaygh/ w&m;xl;&EdkifwJh ,rrif;[m ukokdvfjyKcGihf r&Sdbl;vdkY rqdkEdkifygbl;/ ,rrif;eJY trsKd;ZmwfwlwJh i&Jxdef;awGvnf; 'Dtwdkif;yJ jzpfrSmyg/

i&Jom;i&Jom;uawmh t[dwfy#doaE¨ 2 xJu wpfckckeJY y#doaE¨ aevdkY w&m;xl;udk r&Edkif? udk,fwdkif ukodkvfjyKcGifhvnf; r&Sd? vlawGa0wJh ukodkvftrQudkvnf; om"krac:Edkifbl;/ ¤if;wdkY&JU tukodkvfuH t&SdefukefrS i&Jb0u vGwfw,f/ ydkrdk em;vnfzdkY þusrf;?pm-15 &JU tajzudkvnf; ½Iyg/

159/ zkwf0ifjcif;? aMu;pnfwD;jcif; 569

a0jcif;)udk jyKwJhtcgvnf; rdrd&JU ukokdvftrQudk t;vkH; Mum; aptrQ,lEdkifapqdkwJh oabmeJY aMu;pnf acgif;avmif; xdk;ygw,f/tJ'Dvdk vkyf&r,fvdkY jrwfAk'¨ a[mcJhwmudkawmh rawGUzl;bl;/

'gayr,hf pmayt& 'DtpOftvm[m tvGefa&S;uswJh tcsdefuyif &SdcJh[efwlygw,f/ ywåd'geukodkvfjyK&mrSm aMu;pnf wD;jcif;rwD;jcif;[m t"du rjzpfEdkifygbl;/ 'gayr,hf .. ,aeYacwf Ak'¨0g'Dwpfa,muftaeeJY ntcsdef bk&m;ay:u qnf;vnf;oH? tvªay;NyD;aemuf aMu;pnfoHawGudk Mum;&if pdwfqif;&Jygovm;/ &mpkESpfawGcsDNyD; wnf&SdNyD;jzpfwJh tpOftvmudk rjiif;y,foihfygbl;/

160/ ,rrif;udk trQa0r, pufwifbm 14? 2010/--------------------------------------------------------

q&mawmf t&Sifjrwfbk&m;?,rrif;? i&Jxdef; paom i&JbkHom;rSm;rsm;\ y#dsoaE¨pdwfudk odvdkygonf/ ,rrif;ESihf i&Jxdef;wdkYonf i&J\tyludk rcHpm;&[kqdkygonf/ tJ'g rSefygovm;/ ,rrif;ESihf i&Jxdef;wdkYonf rnfonhfewfrsKd;ü yg0ifygoenf;/ ¤if;wdkYonf ukodkvfjyKcGihfr&SdbJ vlom;wdkY\ ukodkvftrQudk &&SdvQif xdkb0rS uRwfvGwfEdkifygovm;/

½dkaovsuf ZifarmfOD;---------------------------

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160/ ,rrif;udk trQa0r,f 571570 t&Sifauvmo (USA) "r ®tar;tajzrsm;

zdkY tdrfu jyefvmawmh ausmif;a&SUu awmifapmif;rSm tdyfaewJhwd&dp>mefwpfaumifudk jrifvdkY bmvJvdkY twlygvmwJh ausmif;aezuf vl0dwfBuD;eJYtwl ajy;vdkufoGm;awmh ydef&Snf&Snf acG;rBuD;wpfaumif awGUw,f/ ,cktcsdef jrifa,mifaeoavmuf bkef;BuD;txif ajcmufayavmuf &Snfr,f/ EkdYysOf; wGJavmif;eJY bkef;BuD;ausmif;zufudk ausmcdkif; tdyfae&if; a[m[J .. a[m[JeJY vQmxkwfNyD; touf jyif;jyif; ½ªaew,f/ ][m .. b,fu acG;rBuD;rodbl;? tBuD;BuD;yJ/ vmMunhfMua[h .. vmMunhfMu}vdkY vl0dwfBuD;u toHNyJBuD;eJY atmfvdkufawmh q&mawmfBuD; wHcg;udk zGihfMunhf&if; pdwfvIyf&Sm;aewJh[efeJY bkef;BuD;wdkY ESpfa,mufudk vuf,yfac:w,f/ a&mufvmaewJh ausmif;om;awGudkvnf; ausmif;atmufudk qif;cGihf ray;awmhbl;/

cPMumawmh naeu a&mufw,fvdkY ,lq&wJh touf 50cefY wpf½Gmom; {nhfonfwpfa,muf ausmif;ay: wufvmw,f/tJ'D {nhfonf xdkifawmif rxdkifao;cifrSm q&mawmfu ]cifAsm;Asm .. usKyfu uav;awGeJY ae&wm .. cif;Asm; udk,hf[mawGudkEdkifatmif xdef;xm;aygh/ uav;awG wpfckckjzpf&if usKyfrSm wm0ef&Sdw,f}vdkY rsufESm rMunfromeJY ajymw,f/ {nhfonfu ]rSefyghbk&m;}qdkNyD; atmufudk cyfokwfokwf qif;oGm;wm awGU&w,f/reufvif;awmh bmrS rawGUawmhbl;/ 'gav;u udk,fawGUyg/ 'Dvlom;eJY y&avmuom; wpfckck tay;t,l &SdEdkifavrvm;/

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atmufwdkbm 10? 2010/--------------------------------------------------------

q&mawmf t&Sifjrwfbk&m;?ewfyl;0ifw,fqdkwm wu,f&Sdygovm;bk&m;/ ewfuem;wpfcsKdUrSm vlawGu ewf0ifw,fqdkNyD; uMuwJhtcsdefrSm olwdkY&JU odpdwfr&Sdbl;vdkY ajymMuygw,f/ 'DvdkrSef&if olwdkY&JU odpdwf b,fudka&mufaeygovJ/ rdrd&JU ½kyfcE¨mBuD;udk wpfjcm;emrfwpfck a&mufvmwmygvm; t&Sifbk&m;/ wpfcsKdUvlawG[m wd&dp>mef t&SifawGudk pm;aomufwmawG&SdaMumif;vnf; od&ygw,f/ tJ'gawG[mwu,f [kwfr[kwf odvdkygonf t&Sifbk&m;/

aiGav;---------------------------

t&Sifarm*¾v ’mef? t&SiftmeE´mtcgwpfyg;rSm t&Sifarm*¾v’mef AkdufemawmfrlvdkY tbdnmOfwefcdk;eJY qifjcifvdkufwJhtcg rm&fewfBuD; AkdufxJu tlMum;rSm 0ifuyfaewmudk odvdkfuf&w,f/ 'Dawmh t&Sifjrwfu ]rmewfBuD;? ighAdkufxJu xGufcJhyg/ Ak'ëJY Ak'¨&JU om0uawGudk emusifatmif jyK&ifqif;&J'ku© a&mufwwfw,f}vdkY qdkw,f/ rmewfuawmh ]olYq&m Ak'äwmif ighudk 'gavmuf jrefjref rodEdkifwm olvdk om0utaeeJY b,fodEdkifrvJ/ rjrifbJ &rf;ajymwmyJ jzpfr,f}vdkY awG;NyD;rxGufbJ aew,f/ t&Sifarm*¾v’mefu rmewf&JU pdwfxJrSm bmudkawG;aew,fqdkwmudkyg ajymvdkufawmhrS ,kHNyD; rmewfBuD; AkdufxJu xGufvmowJh (r 1? 407)/

jrwfAk'ü rdrd[m £'¨dyg'fav;yg;udk yGm;rsm;xm;wJhtwGuftm,kuyf oufwrf; ukefatmif aeEdkifw,fvdkY rdefYawmfrlwJhtcgt&SiftmeE´mu ]tm,kuyf oufwrf;ukefwJhtxd y&dedAÁmefpHawmf rrlygeJY}vdkY jrwfAk'üdk jyefravQmufEdkifatmifvnf; t&Siftm

161/ ewfyl;jcif;


pdwf) jzpfaewkef; tjcm;avmuom;u tJ'Dvludk olvkyfcsifwmudkcdkif;apw,fvdkY qdkEdkifavrvm;/ Oyrm ½kyfao;½kyfvdkaygh/ y&avmuom;u olvkyfwmudk vlvkyfw,fvdkY jrifatmif Munfhol&JUrsufpdudk vSnfhpm;ypfwmvm;/

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162/ vlYoufwrf;eJY bk&m;&Sif atmufwdkbm 17? 2010/--------------------------------------


t&Sifbk&m; ajzMum;aom ]tESpf&Spfaomif; touf&SnfaomvlwdkY acwfü arawå,srnfaom bk&m;&Sifonf yGifhawmfrlvwåHU}[laom tajzESihf bk&m;&SifwdkY yGifh&mwGif vlwdkYoufwrf; tvGefwdkawmif;aom umvrSmjzpfap? oufwrf; &SnfvGef;aom umvrSmjzpfap bk&m; ryGifhay:[laom tqdkESihf uGJvGJaeygojzihf rnfodkYrSwfom;&rnfudk odvdkygonf t&Sifbk&m;/

rif;rsKd;---------------------------

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161/ ewfyl;jcif; 575574 t&Sifauvmo (USA) "r ®tar;tajzrsm;

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164/ wefckd;jyr,f Edk0ifbm 8? 2010/-----------------------------------------

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163/ uxdeftESpfcsKyf 579

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163/ uxdeftESpfcsKyf

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165/ uHtESpfcsKyf 583

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167/ 0dyóemeJY r*fpdwf Edk0ifbm 20? 2010/----------------

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oJoJ---------------------------

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168/ jyKtopf jzpfta[mif; 591590 t&Sifauvmo (USA) "r ®tar;tajzrsm;

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168/ jyKtopf jzpfta[mif; Edk0ifbm 20? 2010/-------------------------------

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169/ cdkvIHol pufwifbm 7? 2010/-----------------½dkaopGm avQmufxm;tyfygonf?

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170/ umrudkydkifol 595594 t&Sifauvmo (USA) "r ®tar;tajzrsm;

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173/ arG;&myg aomwmyef 'DZifbm 31? 2010/--------------------------------------------

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174/ tbd"r®m b&m;a[m 'DZifbm 31? 2010/--------------------------------------------

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---------------------------

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180/ om;aMumjzwfjcif;

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181/ MunfnKdpdwf&SdvdkY 621


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ESif;ESif;---------------------------

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184/ umVe*g; azazmf0g&D 7? 2011/-----------------------

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rif;rsKd;oefY (&efukef)------------------------

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rif;rsKd;oefY-----------------------

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oufa0---------------------------

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Zefe0g&D 10? 2011/------------------------------

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qef;Ed kifrSawG;½dk; awG;pOfudk vGefNyD; tqef;axmif cyfaMumifaMumif awG;Munfh&if .. t0dZÆm wPSmvdkY ac:wJh 0#fjrpf rjywfao;ol twGufawmh vkyfxm;wJh ukodkvf? tukodkvftusKd;udk wpfcsdefcsdef cH&rSmjzpfvdkY ]0#fvnf; tNrJ? i&Jvnf; ry}vdkY qdk&ifvnf; rSefawmhrSefr,f xifyg&JU/

yef;aygif;eHYom? xkyfy0g? vIdifpGm arT;ysHUvS/ykHjyenf;avmif;? olawmfaumif;? aygif;rd yg,frus/

(okw&wem)

185/ 0#ftNrJ i&Jty 633636 t&Sifauvmo (USA) "r ®tar;tajzrsm;

,Ofaus;rI'DOya'eJY ywfoufNyD; tjcm;jynfe,fawGrSm jy|mef;oihf rjy|mef;oihf jiif;ckHqJ &Sdygw,f/ bk&m;ocif&JU tvdkawmft& 'Dvdkvkyfwmygqdk&if ajz&wm odyfvG,faygh/ ]oifvkyfwm[m oihfwm0efyJ}vdkYuHudk,kHMunfwJh Ak'¨0g'eJYawmh tJ'gavmuf vG,fvG,f rjzpfEdkifbl;/trsm;oabm qdkwdkif;vnf; rrSefbl; qdkwmudkawmh owdcsyfapcsifw,f/ Ak'¨ryGifhcifu tdE´d,wdkufi,fu vltm;vkH;eD;yg;[m zefqif;&Sifudk ]Yes} vkyfMuayr,hf jrwfAk'¨ yGihfawmfrlrS ]No} vkyfypfwm/ bkef;BuD; rMumcP ajymygw,f/ ,Ofaus;rIu okH;ESihfav;vkd uGmw,fvdkY/ taemufwdkif;u EIef;pHtm;vkH;udk ta&SUwdkif;rSmtokH;csvdkY rjzpfEdkifovdk? ta&SUzufu awG;ac: ½IjrifykH tm;vkH;vnf; taemufwdkif;rSm tokH;0ifzG,f r&dSygbl;/ olYwdkY&JU ,Ofaus;rIeJY awG;ac:ykHawGu &mpkESpfawG csDNyD; tjrpfwG,faevdkY jyKjyif?jiif;qdk? taMumif;jyzdkY cufw,f/

tjypf&S dvm;raoapcsifbJ wpfenf;ajym&if aoapvkdwJh apwemr&SdbJ aq;auR;w,fvdkY rqdkEdkifygbl;/ ig 'Daq;udk auR;&if olawmh rdepfydkif;twGif; touf½ª &yfoGm;rSmyJqdkwJh todu udk,hfpdwfxJrSm&Sdudk&SdaevdkY aemufqkH;rSm aoyapawmhqdkwJh t"dyÜm,fyJ r[kwfvm;/ aocsifaeol[m wpfcsdefu &nf;pm;vkzuf jzpfzl;&ifawmhraoapcsifbl;? apwem rygbl;qdkwJh pum;udk ydkNyD; pOf;pm;&vdrfhr,f/ 'gaMumihf aocsifaeoludk cGufxnf; tqdyf&nfxnhf? tem;udk wdk;ay;? pkyfwHydkufudk yg;pyfxJ xnfhay;pwJh vkHYvjyKrIawGaMumihf Ak'ä'oemawmft& vkyfay;ol[m vlowfuH ajrmufw,f/ aq;aomufolvnf; a0g[m&yJ uGmr,f? udk,hf[mudk,fowfaowmygyJ/ Ak'¨0g' 'óet&awmh 'DvdkyJ jzpfEdkifw,f/

oem;vdkY aoaq; auR;vdkufw,f qdkwmrsKd;u pum;vkH;

vlu udk,fhudk,fudk tqkH;pD&ifvdkwJhtcg q&m0efawGu ulnDay;cGifh &Sdw,f/ aocGifh awmif;NyD; 15 &uftMumrSm q&m0efawGuEIwfeJY jzpfap? pma&;vdkY jzpfap taMumif;jyef&w,f/ aemufqkH;azmifjznhf? vlem vufrSwfxdk;? tdyfarmus aoqkH;oGm;r,hf aq;&nfudk wdkuf? rdepf 30 twGif; touf½ª &yfoGm;atmif q&m0efawGu w&m;0if vkyfay;cGihf &Sdw,f/ vlem wpfOD;qdk&if aq;aomufNyD;wmeJY ]aAodkAif&JU udk;ckajrmuf oHpkHaw; (Beethoven's

Ninth)}udk em;axmif&if; aojyoGm;w,f/

olwdk Y ,lqykHtck ar;cGef;xJrSm ygwJh Euthanasia (,l[ae;&Sm;) = nifompGmZD0defa>cay;jcif; odkYr[kwf Mercy Killing = u½kPmESihf tqkH;pD&ifay;jcif;qdkwm 'DOya'eJY ywfoufw,f/ aozdkY aocsmaewJhvlutqkH;pD&ifay;zdkY awmif;yefvdkY ulnDay;wmudk olwdkYu rQww,fvdkY ,lqw,f/ udk,fhqkH;jzwfcsufeJY udk,faowm[m tcGihfta&;wJh/ udk,fhudk,fudk owfaocGifh[m vlYtcGifhta&;yJaygh/ tJ'DtcGifhta&; vIyf&Sm;olawG&JU aqmifyk'fu ]aocGihf ay;yg (Give us right

to die.)}/ ]uifqm jzpf&if taumif;qkH; ukorIu udk,hfudk,fudkowfaojcif;} wJh/ olwdkY ,lqykHav;awGudk MunhfOD; ..

vlem jyif;jyif;xefxef cHpm;ae&wJhtcg tJ'gudk oif Munhf&ufovm;/ ZeD;? cifyGef;? rdbaqGrsKd;pwJh olwpfyg;udkyJ trSDjyKNyD;ae&wJhtcg tcGHxJu aocgeD; ajcmufuyfaewJh uEkurmaumifvdkyJ/ ydkufuoGif;wJh tpmeJY ae&NyD; udk,hf[mudk,f rxEdkifawmhwJhtcg touf&Sifvsuf ocsKØif;*lxJrSm ae&ovdkyJwJhJ/ tJ'D tajctaeeJY qufae&if rdom;pkudka&m udk,fwdkifyg odyfNyD; emusif&w,f/ jrefjref aovdkuf&if wpfckaom tcsdefumvygyJ/ rdom;pkaqGrsKd; rdwfaqGawGu udk,hfudk cspfwmudk ,kHw,f/ ,kHvdkYvnf;olwdkYqDu aocGihfudk awmif;wmygwJh ..

186/ aocGifh 635

azazmf0g&D 13? 2011/------------------------------------------------

r&Sif;wmav;&Sdí ar;cGihfjyKyg t&Sifbk&m;?taemufEdkifiH tcsKdUwGif Euthanasia udk w&m;0if cGifhjyKaeygonf/Ak'¨&JU w&m;awmft& Euthanasia udk Suicide vdkY ,lqygovm;/q&m0efrsm;ESihf cGihfjyKol w&m;olBuD;rsm;wGif tjypf&Sdr&Sd ajzMum;ay;apvdkygonf/ tcsKdUu tdyfae&if; aovQif bmrS rcHpm;&íaumif;w,fvdkY qdkygonf/ q&mawmfwpfyg; a[mMum;aomw&m;wpfyk'fwGif tdyfae&if; aoygu arm[ESihf aowmjzpfvdkYtyg,fudk oGm;&w,fvdkY qdkygonf/ wynfhawmfr taejzihf b,fvdk ñSdNyD; ,l&rnfudkvnf; odvdkygonf/ odyÜHtvdk& opfyifrsm;wGif touf&Sdonf[k qdkygonf/ jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif\ ouf&Sdt"dyÜm,f zGihfqdkykHudk odvdkygonf/

t&Sifbk&m;\ "r ®tar;tajzwpfckwGif cE¨mxJrS ydk;rsm;udk ZD0oabm&Sdaom ½kyf[k qdkygonf/ wynhfawmfr\ pdwfwGif r&Sif;ygí tenf;i,f ydkNyD; &Sif;jyay;apvdkygonf t&Sifbk&m;

cs,f&D0if;---------------------------

'Du Oya'tar&duefu jynfe,f ESpfckrSm ]*kPfodu©mESihf aojcif; Oya'(Death with Dignity Act)}udk jynfol trsm;pk&JU qE´t& jy|mef;ay;vdkufw,f/ 1997 ckESpfu atmf&D*efjynfe,frSm yxrqkH; twnfjyKw,f/ aemufwpfESpftMum (1998)rSm tJ'Djynfe,feJY uyfaewJh taemufajrmufzsm;u 0g&Sifwef jynfe,frSmvnf; axmufcH 59? uefYuGuf 41 eJY tJ'D Oya'udkyJ twnfjyKvdkufw,f/ tJ'DOya't& vlwpfa,muf[m a&m*gaMumifh ajcmufveJY ajcmufvatmufyJ touf&Snfawmhr,fvdkY q&m0efawGu qkH;jzwfvdkY tJ'D

186/ aocGihf

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tdyf&if; ao&ifarm[qdkwm opömav;yg;udk rodwm/ tdyfwJhpdwfrS r[kwfbJ/Ak'¨ tbd"r ®mt& tdyfarmusw,fqdkwm b0ifpdwfjzpfwm/ y#doaE¨pdwf? b0ifpdwfeJY aopdwf(pkwdpdwf)qdkwJh pdwfokH;rsKd;[mtwlwlyJ/ 'gaMumihf tdyfraysmfcif? wpfenf; b0ifpdwf rjzpfcifaemufqkH;jzpfwJh odpdwf (0Dxdpdwf)udkyJ ,loihfw,f/

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opfyif&J U cE¨mAk'¨tbd"r ®mt& ½kyfoufeJY emrfoufvdkY ESpfrsKd;&Sd&mrSm opfyifrSm½kyfoufyJ &Sdw,f/ emrfouf r&Sdbl;/ owå0gawGrSm ½kyfoufa&memrfoufyg &Sdw,f/ opfyifrSm ½lyu©cE¨m wpfyg;yJ&Sdw,f/ owå0gawGrSmu ½kyf? a0'em? onm? ocFg&? 0dnmPfvdkY cE¨mig;yg; &Sdw,f/ jrwfAk'¨tvdkt& cE¨mig;yg;&SdrS ouf&SdvdkY ,lw,f/ wpfenf;

186/ aocGihf 637640 t&Sifauvmo (USA) "r ®tar;tajzrsm;

b,folYtjypfpmcsbkef;BuD;i,fb0u ausmif;rSm xrif;usef [if;usef vmpm;aewJhacG;udk ½Gmu ausmif;vmwufwJh ausmif;om;u olYzdeyfudkudkufvdkY zrf;NyD; EIwfoD;udk aywHeJY ½dkufawmh acG;cspfwwfwJh udk&ifi,fu ]acG;u udkufp&mawGU&if udkufrSmyJ/ rudkufatmif rif;zdeyfudk odrf;xm;aygh}wJh/ 'Dar;cGef;udk zwfNyD; udk&ifav;&JU pum;ukdk trSwf&w,f/ aq;bl;? rD;avmifvG,fwJh t&nfawGrSm ]uav;awG vufvSrf; rrDwJhae&mrSm odrf;xm;yg} qdkwm zwfzl;rSmaygh/ uav;qdkwm vlaemf/ 'gayr,hf todÓmPf &Sdao;wmrS r[kwfbJ/ aomufrdvdkY tEÅm&,fjzpf&if udk,fyJ 'ku©a&mufrSm/ ,ifaumif? y½Gufqdwf? ydk;[yfawGudkvnf; 'DoabmyJ em;vnfyg/

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pnf;urf;acG;aMumif arG;&wm uav; arG;&ovdkyJ/ acG;udk ñTef;NyD; Your

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187/ toufwefzdk; 639638 t&Sifauvmo (USA) "r ®tar;tajzrsm;

qdk&if tm,k = emrfouf (ZD0dwdaÈ´ apwoduf)? Oo ®m = taiGU(½kyfoufac:wJh ZD0dw½kyf)? 0dnmPf = odpdwf .. 'DokH;ck twl&SdaewJh ½kyfcE¨mudk ouf&SdvdkY ac:w,f/ opfyifrSmu ½kyfoufac:wJhZD0dw½kyfyJ &SdvdkY ouf&Sd r[kwfbl;/

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187/ toufwefzdk;azazmf0g&D 18? 2011/--------------------------------------------------

½dkaopGm avQmufxm;tyfygonf?wynhfawmfwdkY vrf;xJrSm vlawG (uav;? vlBuD;? AdkufBuD;o,fawG) udk cPcP xGufudkufaewJh acG;wpfaumif &Sdygonf/ xdkacG;udk owfcsifvdkY r[kwfbJ trsm;tusKd;twGuf z,f&Sm;vdkufygu tjypf&Sd r&Sd ajzMum; ay;apvdkygonf/ Craker

--------------------------

q&mawmf t&Sifjrwfbk&m;? edAÁmeftaMumif;udk odvdkygonf t&Sifbk&m;/ edAÁmefqdkwm b,fvdkygvJ/ edAÁmefrSm ouf&SdawG &Sdygovm;/ wynhfawmf em;vnf oavmufrSm edAÁmefudk &NyD;&if jyefvnf arG;zGm;jcif; r&SdbJ b0ukef qkH;oGm;NyD[k jzpfygonf/ edAÁmefrSm vlawG avmb? a'go? arm[r&SdbJ aexdkifMuygovm;/edAÁmefrSm udk,fcE¨mvnf; r&Sd? pdwfvnf; r&Sd[k qdkjyef&m ½IyfaxG;aeygojzihf &Sif;jyay;apvkdygonf t&Sifbk&m;/

ZifxGef;--------------------------

Ak'¨0g'D jzpf&ifedAÁmefqdkwm 0dyóemvdkY ac:wJh vlwpfOD;csif;pD&JU pdwfydkif;qdkif&mtqifhjrifh avhusihftm;xkwfrI&JU aemufqkH; &v'f jzpfygw,f/ tJ'D&v'f udk,fwdkY udk,fpDrSm r&Sdao;&if &Sif;jyzdkYeJY &Sif;jywmudk em;vnfzdkY tcuftcJ &Sdw,f/ edAÁmef[m avmuDe,fu vlomrefwdkYac:a0:okH;pGJaeMuwJh a0g[m&&JU tjcm;wpfzufrSm &Sdw,fvdkY okawoDwdkY qdkavh&Sdygw,f/ 'gayr,hf avmurSm edAÁmefudk odjrifqdkufa&mufNyD; jzpfMuwJh trSefudkom qdkwwfwJh bk&m;&[EÅmt&d,m yk*¾Kdvfxl;awG trSefwu,f &SdcJh&SdqJvnf;jzpfvdkY Ak'¨&JUr*¾if &Spfyg; usihfpOfudk ,kHMunfMuwJh ta&SUtaemufu Ak'¨0g'DawG[m edAÁmefqdkwJh y&rw¬w&m; trSefwu,f wnf&Sdw,fvdkY,kHMunfMuygw,f/

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188/ edAÁmefqdkwmrwf 29? 2011/------------------------------------

{NyD 30? 2011/---------------------------------

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aZmfrif;atmif--------------------------

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4/ Ak'¨0g'u azmfjywJh wefckd; tpGrf; qdkwmawGu arG;&mygawGr[kwfbl;/ Budrfzefrsm;pGm avhusihf tm;xkwfrS &EdkifwJh[mrsKd;/ vl

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192/ 0dZÆm aZmf*sD odcsifwmav;udk avQmufxm;ygonf t&Sifbk&m;?

bmoma&; usrf;pmawG txl;ojzihf ZmwfawmfawGrSm 0dZÆm? aZmf*sDawG taMumif;udk zwf½I&ygonf/ ¤if;wdkYonf okH;q,hfwpfbkHtwGif; b,fbkHXmewGif aexdkifMuygoenf;/ olwdkYtaMumif;udkvnf; odcsifygonf t&Sifbk&m;/

a0vif;atmif--------------------------

192/ 0dZÆm? aZmf*sD 653656 t&Sifauvmo (USA) "r ®tar;tajzrsm;

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Ak'ömoemh toHudk ykHazmfay;wJh tar&duefvlrsKd; [ife&DpwD;vf atmfvfaumh&JU pdwfydkif;b0[m *E¨m&D0dZÆmudk wwfykH&wJh½k&Sm;trsKd;orD; AvmAmpuDeJY pcJhw,fvdkY tqdk&Sdw,f (The White

Buddhist, p. 81)/

193/ rdk;wm; eHbk&m; q&mawmf t&Sifbk&m;?

wynhfawmfwdkY\ bmoma&; todÓmPfudk vif;vufvmaponhftwGuf ½dkaopGm uefawmhygonf t&Sifbk&m;/

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aemuf ar;cGef;wpfckrSm Ak'¨qif;wkawmfrsm;udk rdrd\ arG;eHtvdkuf tñGefYeH opfom;jzihf xkvkyf udk;uG,fygu ydkrdktusKd;BuD;NyD; tedrfheHom;jzihf xkvkyfygu ckdufwwfonf[laom t,ltqrSefuefygovm;/ bk&m;qif;wk rSefvQif twlwl[k ,lqygonf/

rif;rsKd;oefY (&efukef)-----------------------

aumifrJhtod)? r*¾0dZÆm (r*ftod)? zv0dZÆm (zdkvftod)vdkY t&d,0dZÆmÓmPf ig;rsKd;/ 'DÓmPfig;rsKd;u Ak'ömoem twGif;rSmyJ &Edkifw,f/ r*¾if&Spfyg; usihfpOfeJYyJ &Edkifw,f/ Ak'ömoem tjyifrSm r&Sd/'Dvdkqdkjyefawmh t&d,0dZÆm ig;rsKd;eJY jynhfpkHMuwJh bk&m; &[EÅawGudkvnf; 0dZÆm"dk&fvdkY ac:Edkifp&mygyJ/ bkef;BuD;od&wJh 0dZÆm odkYr[kwf0dZÆm"dk&f taMumif;uawmh 'DrQyg/&[ef;r[kwf0dZÆm"dk&f wpfa,muf[m ntcsdef bk&ihf eef;awmfudkvmNyD; rdzk&m;eJY azmufjyefwmudk bk&if odoGm;wJhtwGuf tjypfay;cH&rSmudkaMumufvdkY 0dZÆm"dk&fu aumif;uifu ysHajy;wJhtcg bk&ifu 0dZÆm"dk&fudk tbdnmPf&wJh &[ef;vdkY xifrSm;NyD; olYEkdifiHwGif;u &[ef;tm;vkH;udk ESifxkwfvdkY yapöuAk'¨g wpfqlu azmufjyefol[m&[ef; r[kwfaMumif; &Sif;jy&owJh (Zm-| 3? 288)/

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192/ 0dZÆm aZmf*sD 655654 t&Sifauvmo (USA) "r ®tar;tajzrsm;

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2) rEÅ0dZÆm = vu©Pmusrf;? edrdwfusrf;? eu©wfusrf;? *gxmrE Åefusrf;? aq;usrf;awG?3) *E¨m&D0dZÆm = tif;0dZÆm? jy'g;0dZÆm? oH0ZÆmusrf;awG&JU tpDt&ifeJYewfodMum;awG&JU wefcdk;? tbdnmOf wefcdk;awGvdk tpGrf;xufwJhwefcdk; ('Dwefcdk;u ewftcsKdU&JU wef;ckd;xufawmif pGrf;vdkY ewfawGremvdk jzpfwwfowJh)?4) avmud,0dZÆm = tbdnmOfwefcdk; ('Dwefcdk;udk Ak'ömoem r&SdwJh ae&m tcsdeftcgawGrSmvnf; tcsKdU &aoh &[ef;awG &w,f)?5) t&d,0dZÆm = t&d,0dZÆmÓmPf ig;yg;/0dZÆm"d k&f]0dZÆm"dk&fawG[m (olwdkY&JU) twwf ynmudk vIyfEId;NyD; a&;jcpfrxif[if;vif;jyifrSm qif½kyfykHawG jrif;½kyfykHawG zefqif; jyw,f} ( =0dZÆm"&m 0dZÆH y&dZayÜwGm tmumao tE Åvdau© [w¬drÜd 'aóE ÅdtórÜd 'aóEÅd/ y#doH? 391)/ 'DygVdawmft& Ak'üsrf;*efrSm 0dZÆm"dk&fqdkwJh pum;vkH; &SdwJhtwGuf Ak'¨bk&m;&Sif udk,fwdkif 'Dpum;vkH;eJY &if;ESD;zG,f &Sdygw,f/

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t"dyÜm,f 2 rsK d;]rdk;wm;}udk t"dyÜm,fESpfrsKd; ,lEdkifw,f .. (1) Modernized Oriental

Technique of Accurate Astrology &JU twdkaumuf MOTAA toHxGufrdk;wm;? t"dyÜm,fu ppfrSefaom acwfopf ta&SUwkdif; eu©wåynm (2) ½Gwfzwf o&ZÑm,frI? ylaZmf yorIawGeJY yGJvrf;obiftcsdeftcgtwGif; rdk;r½Gmatmif wm;qD;jcif;/ 'Dar;cGef;udk 'kwd,t"dyÜm,feJY em;vnfNyD; ajzqdkwm jzpfygw,f/

tpOftvmaumovrif;[m vif&Sdr,m;udk ydkifqdkifcsifvdkY vifjzpfoludk owfvdkwJhtwGuf vlom;wpfa,muf r&EdkifwJh t½kP0wD ajrnufudk&SmzdkY vTwfvdkufwJhtcg tJ'Da,musfm;[m ygvmwJh tpm;tpmudkjrpfab;rSm vª'gef; trQa0NyD; ewfa'0gawGudk ulnDzdkY awmif;yefwJhtwGuf tJ'D&Sm;yg; ypönf;udk &oGm;w,f ("r®y'-| 1? 283)/olawmfaumif; pdwf"mwf&SdMuwJh ewfawGudk wdkifMum;NyD; vdk&mudkqkawmif;wJh "avh Ak'¨0g'usrf;awGrSm &Sdygw,f/

bkef;BuD; &[ef;wpf0g&tcsdef tif;pdefu bkef;BuD;ysHyGJ wpfckrSm tavmif;udk rD;½IdUr,hf ae&modkY a½TUzdkY ewfvdk 0wfxm;olawGurSefacgif;udk a½TUaeqJrSmyJ tacgif;&JU tay:wnhfwnhfu wGJavmif;usaewJh rD;qdkif;&JU rD;BudK; a&SmhjzpfNyD; jzKef;ueJ aygufuGJoHeJYtwlrD;avmifvdkY vlawG xdwfvefYukefw,f/ wmvbwftrdk; tenf;i,f rD;uRrf;oGm;w,f/ bk&m;yGJawmftwGif; tcgrvihfrdk; ½GmwmeJYvnf; BuKHzl;MurSmaygh/

BuD;us,f crf;em;wJh yGJawG usif;ywJhtcg tJ'Dvdk wdkufqdkifrIawG rjzpfatmif t&yfav;rsufESmudk apmihfMuyfwJh ewfrif;BuD;awGudk wdkifwnfNyD; arwåmydkY qkawmif;Muwm jzpfygw,f/ iSufaysmyGJ tkef;yGJqdkwmuawmh r&Sdrjzpf r[kwfygbl;/ olawmfaumif;awG&JU arwåm ESvkH;om;? ewfa'0gawG&JU wefcdk;pGrf;tm; ESpf&yf

193/ rdk;wm; eHbk&m; 657660 t&Sifauvmo (USA) "r ®tar;tajzrsm;

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195/ umarok ... ZGef 17? 2011/---------------------------------

1) vifr,m;yif jzpfaomfvnf; trsKd;orD;u qE´r&SdbJ twlaevQif umarok rdp ämpm&uH ajrmufygovm;/2) vifr,m;csif; ykHrSefr[kwfaom ae&mrsm;ü arxkefoH0gojyKaumif;ygovm;/3) ig;yg;oDvü ygaom umarokrdp äm& [lonf umrydkif&SdoludkjypfrSm;rIudk qdkvdkwmvm;? tqif; toH teYH t&om tawGU[laom tm½kHig;yg;udk tvGeftusL; vdkufpm;rIudk qdkvdkonfvm; odvdkygonf t&Sifbk&m;/

at;jrwfudk--------------------------

(1) twlae qdkwmudk t"dyÜm,fESpfrsKd; ,lMunfhr,f .. (u) wpftdrfwnf;rSm vifr,m;tjzpf udk,fvuf ESD;aESmjcif; r&SdbJ trsm;

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rdk;ESif;--------------------------

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194/ wrvGefbm0em 658 t&Sifauvmo (USA) "r ®tar;tajzrsm;

aygif;pyfNyD; vlom;wdkY ÓmPfrrDEdkifwJh jzpf&yfqef;awG avmurSmjzpfay:avh &Sdwwfygw,f/

eHbk&m;bk&ifacwfu rdzk&m;wpfyg;[m ydk;[yfudk rsKdrdw,fxifNyD; tdyfraysmf pm;r0if jzpfaeowJh/ 'geJY vdrfrmyg;eyfwJh aq;q&murpifcGufxJrSm ydk;[yftaoaumifudk rdzk&m; rodatmif xnfhNyD;0rf;Ekwfaq; auR;owJh/ 0rf;oGm;awmh q&mu rdzk&m;udk jyw,f/ ydk;[yf ygoGm;NyD? r,kH&if Munhfaygh/ vltcsKdU&JU pdwf[m tJ'Doabm &SdwwfvdkY avmuor®Kwd (vlom;wdkY&JU ynwfcsuf) e,frSm tñGefY? tedrfh qdkwmawG jzpfvmzG,f&SdNyD; wpfcgwpf&H wdkufqdkifrI aumif;qdk; &v'feJY BuKH&wmvdkY qdkEdkifavrvm;/ udk,fhpdwfudk ukd,f,kH&if udpör&SdEdkifygbl;/

MunfnKdwJh o'¨gw&m;eJY ylaZmfudk;uG,f&if enf;rsm;r[l ukodkvf &pNrJyg/ ]ukovm te0ZÆokc0dyguvu©Pm = ukodkvfqdkwm tjypfr&Sd? aumif;usKd;udk ay;w,f (tbd-| 1? 82)}wJh/ ukodkvfrSef&if raumif;usKd;udk umuG,f y,f&Sm;wwfwJh owådxl; &Sdygw,f/ aeYeH rukdufwJh Ak'¨½kyfyGm;awmfudk udk;uG,f ylaZmfjcif;qdkwJh taMumif;aMumihf qdk;usKd;jzpfcGifhudk tm;omapw,fqdk&if tJ'Dtbd"r ®mpum;eJY rudkufnDbl;/

ESvkH;om; tjrKaw

My religion is very simple. My religion is kindness. Dalai Lama

usKyf&JU bmomw&m;u &Sif;ygw,f/ usKyf&JU bmom w&m;[mMuifemjcif;ygyJ/

'vdkif; vm;rm;

tjrif aumif;½kH twlwl aejyjcif; (c) trsKd;orD;u oabmrwljiif;qefpOf cifyGef;u twif;tMuyf arxkefrSD0Jjcif; odkYr[kwf rSD0JzdkYBudK;pm;jcif;/ ESpfrsKd;xJrSm (u) t"dyÜm,feJYqdk&if avmujypf &SdEdkifayr,hf uHrajrmufbl; (c) t"dyÜm,feJY qdk&ifawmh vlrodvdkYavmujypf vGwfzG,f&Sdayr,hf uHajrmufEdkifw,f/

'Dvdkyg ... umrudk ydkifwmu um,uH&SifawGyJ jzpfvdkY udk,fydkifwJh umrudk vGwfvyfol tcsif;csif; ay;cGihf&Sdw,f/ 'gayr,fhvifeJY r,m;rSm wpfa,mufu qE´r&Sd&if odkYr[kwf olYumrudkray;csif&if twif;tMuyf r&,loihfbl;/

(2) usrf;*ef(0d-| 1? 232)rSm r*f (arxkefjyKusihfwJh vrf;aMumif;) okH;rsKd; jyw,f/ tJ'gawGu rkc = yg;pyf? yóm0 =t*FgZmwf? 0pö = ptdk/ 'DudpörSm vifeJY r,m; ESpfOD; oabmwl&ifodkYr[kwf tBudKufwl&if bkef;BuD;txif tjypfjzpfzG,f? odkYr[kwfuHajrmufzG,f r&Sdbl;/ wpfOD;&JU zDvifudk tjcm;wpfOD;u em;vnfrIawmh &Sd&vdrfhr,f/

(3) usrf;*efawG (r-| 1? 203/ tbd-| 2? 385/ y#doH-| 1?204) t& ig;yg;oDvxJu ]umarok rdp ämpm&} yk'frSmygwJh umarok- qdkwm arxkefudpö odkYr[kwf usm;ESihfr vdifqufqHrI?rdp ämpm&-qdkwm rSm;,Gif; azmufjyefpGm jyKusihfwmvdkYyJ ,l&w,f/'gaMumihf ]umarok rdp ämpm&} qdkwmudk umrydkif&Sdoludk usL;vGefjcif;vdkY wdkuf½kduf ,l&w,f/ umr*kPfvdkY omrefqdk&ifawmh tqif;? toH? teHY? t&om? tawGUtxdvdkY ,lEdkifw,f/

ESvkH;om;xJrS awG;BuHonhftwdkif; ajymqdk? jyKrlEdkifygap/rsufESmonf ESvkH;om;\ jywif;ayguf jzpfygap/

(trnfrod pmqdk)

195/ umarok ... 661664 t&Sifauvmo (USA) "r ®tar;tajzrsm;

aMumihf tjcm;wpfa,mufudk xdcdkuf&ifawmh rSm;,Gif;wJhtwGuftjypf&SdrSmyJ/

usrf;xGuf]OD;av; a':av; wl wlrpwJh roihfavsmfolawGtay: wyfrufpdwf jzpfwmu t"r®&m* (rw&m;wJh wyfrufrI)? a,musfm;tcsif;csif; rdef;rtcsif;csif; wyfrufpdwf jzpfwmu rdp äm"r® (obm0vGef wyfrufrI)} ('D-| 3? 35)/ ]rdp äm"r®qdkwm (obm0rS)azmufjyefNyD; 0dobm* (vdif rwlol)csif; r[kwfrlbJ wyfrufjcif;('D-#D 3? 30)}vdkY zGifhqdkygw,f/ ½kyfydkif;b0 tqkH;pGef wdk;wufaewJh rsufarSmufacwftcgrSm tpm;taomuf? taetxdkif? aq;0g;eJY uHtaMumif; w&m;awGaMumihf vlYcE¨mudk,f&JU ADZobm0awGazmufjyefNyD; vdifwlcsif; wyfrufwmawG xif&Sm;vm&jcif; jzpfzG,f&Sdygw,f/

trSefawmh vdifwl vdifrwl ESpfrsKd;vkH;yJ 'DcE¨mudk,fudk tokH;jyK&NyD; b0wPSmudk wdk;jrihfapwJh cGef;tm;jyif; wyfrufrI&JU o½kyfouef ay:vGifwJh jyKrlaqmif½GufcsufawG jzpfvdkY b0oHo&mrSmcsnfaESmifwmcsnf;ygyJ/ usm;csif;? rcsif;? odkYr[kwf usm;eJYr ESpfa,mufom; cspfBudKufMu&if tJ'g[m vlom;wdkY&JU wlnDwJh tm;enf;rI? y&rw¬obm0eJY 'DcE¨mudk,f&JU tESpfr&SdwJh obm0udk em;rvnfrIwdkYaMumihf jzpf&wmyJ/

rES drf hcsoih fbl;vdifwl vdifuGJr[l tJ'Dudpötay: wyfrufrI? tJ'DwyfrufrI tajccHeJY twåvGefqE´ jyif;xefvdkY jyKrdwJh tukodkvfuHaMumihfom tjypf&Sdwm jzpfygw,f/ 'gaMumihf vdifwlqufqHol odkYr[kwf tJ'DykHoP²mef [efyefeJY aexdkifMuolawGudk igwdkYeJY rwlvdkY? t&ifb0u Mumcdkzl;vdkYqdkwJh taMumif;jycsufeJY txifao;? ESdrfhcsqufqH?vl&m roGif;wmawG rvkyfoihfbl;/ rdrdudk,fwkdif tjcm;ykHpHeJY umr

&ih fusuf&ifvlom; taeeJY &&Sdxm;wJh 'DcE¨mudk,frSm vdifudpöomrubJ wHcg;ayguf ajcmufcku 0ifvmwJh Munhf½Ip&m? tpm;tpm? tarT;eHYom?toH? txdtawGU? pdwful;qdkwJh tm½kHawGudk cHpm;NyD; om,maysmf½TifrIawG &Sdw,f/ avmb (wyfrufrI)&JU om;aumif jzpfwJhowå0gawG[m 'DcE¨mudk,fudk trSeftwdkif; rjrifEdkifvdkY tJ'Dtm½kHawGudk qmavmifMuw,f/ qmavmifwJhtwdkif; t0dZÆmaMumifhrSm;,Gif;pGm jyKrlrd&muae pdwfydkif;b0 wdk;wufrIudk wkHYaES;apwJhtukodkvfudk usL;vGefMuw,f/ 'gayr,hf pdwfydkif;b0 &ihfusufvdkYt0dZÆmudk 0dZÆm(ynm)eJY tpm;xdk;Edkif&if uav;wpfa,muf t½G,fa&mufwJhtcg t½kyfuav;awGeJY raqmhawmhovdk 'Dtm½kHawGudkpGefYEdkifw,f/ todynmeJY em;vnfrI[m pdwfudka&m ukd,fcE¨mudkyg xdcdkufapwJh tjyKtrlawGudk a&SmifMuOfzdkY wGef;tm;ay;w,f/

odu©myk'fAk'¨0g'usrf;*efrSm b,folYudk tdrfaxmifrjyK& b,folYudk jyK&r,f?b,fykHpH b,ftjyKtrlvdkY owfrSwfwJh vrf;ñTefcsufudk rawGUzl;bl;/ jA[®pm&D r[kwfolawGtzdkY vdifqufqHwmudk rwm;jrpfygbl;/ obm0t&vnf; vdifqufqHrIrSm tjypf r&SdEdkifygbl;/tjypf&Sdwmu tJ'Dudpöudk tqkH;pGef aysmf½TifrIvdkY ,kHMunfNyD; tJ'Dudpötay: wyfruf pGJvef;aewm? tJ'Dudpö&JU aus;uRef jzpfaewmawGygyJ/ ig;yg;oDvxJu wwd, odu©myk'fu 19 &mpk t*Fvef0dwkd&d,acwfrSm c&pf,ef or®musrf;udk tajccHwJh vdifwlqufqHwmeJY ywfoufwJh usOf;ajrmif;wJh tawG;tjrifvdk bk&m;ocifay;w,fqdkwJh jypf'PfeJY Ncdrf;ajcmufrIrsKd; r[kwfbJ vdifudpötay:rSm;,Gif;wJh wyfrufrI&JU tEÅ&m,fudk owdeJY a&SmifcGmzdkY udk,fhudk,fudk BuKd;yrf;jcif;om jzpfygw,f/ usm;r ESpfOD;vkH; t½G,fa&mufNyD;ol? vGwfvyfoljzpf&if tjypfr&SdEdkifbl;/ udk,fvkyfwJh tjyKtrl

196/ vdifwlcsif; 663

q&mawmf t&Sifjrwfbk&m;?1) a*; (Gay = a,musfm;csif; BuKdufolawG)udk b,fvdk jrifygovJ bk&m;/ bmaMumifhygvJ bk&m;/2) olwdkYudk Ak'¨bmom ½Iaxmifht& b,fvdk ajymvdkY &rvJ? bmaMumihfygvJ/3) Ak'¨bmomt& udk,fbmjzpfcJhw,f? bmvkyfcJhw,f qdkwmudkb,folrS twdtus rodayr,hf a*;awGudk t&ifb0u olrsm;om;r,m;udk apmfum;cJholawGvdkY ESdrfhcsNyD; qufqHwm[m oihfawmfygovm;/ Ak'¨bmom bkef;awmfBuD;awG taeeJY tJ'Dtay:udkb,fvdk wkHYjyefajz&Sif;&if oihfjrwfygovJ t&Sifbk&m;/

a'gufwm [def;xufatmif--------------------------

obm0jzpfpOf,Ofaus;rI a&S;uswJh tdE´d,vlrsKd;awG[m vdifqufqHwmudkobm0jzpfpOf taeeJYyJ ½IjrifNyD; tawmf yGifhvif;w,fvdkY bkef;BuD;xifw,f/ uav; arG;zGm;rItwGuf vlrjrifatmif rSD0J&wJh ½GH&SmzG,ftvkyfvdkY ,lqykHray:bl;/ [dE´Lbk&m;ausmif; ausmufxGif;yef;ykawGrSm udk,hfudk,fudk tmomajzwm tygt0if vdifqufqHrIykHpH taetxm;rsKd;pkHudk o½kyf azmfxm;wmudk Munhf&if olwdkY&JUbmomw&m; tqkH;trt& uefYowfabmif twGif;u vdifqufqHrIudk tjypf&Sdw,fvdkY ,lqykHray:bl;/

'Dudpöudk &Sufp&mtaeeJY tvGefBuD; [efaqmifp&mawmh rvdkygbl;/ &SifawmfAk'äwmif 'DudpöeJY ywfoufwJh tcsKdUae&mawGrSmpum;vkH; twdtus okH;NyD; ca&aphwGif;us `rGuf[awmfrlcJhwmudk 0denf;ygVdawmfawGrSm awGU&w,f/

196/ vdifwlcsif;Zlvdkif 4? 2011/------------------------------------

tm½kH&JU aus;uRefawG jzpfaeMuvdkY olwpfyg;udk vufwpfacsmif;xdk;qJrSm udk,hfudk vufokH;acsmif; jyefxdk;aeygvdrfhr,f/ vlawG[m t0dZÆmaMumihf tJ'Dvdk jyKvkyfMuNyD; aysmf½TifrI tppftrSefudkb,fvdk &Edkifw,fqdkwmudk &SmazGMuzdkYyJ vdkygw,f/

b,fykHpHyJ jzpfjzpf vdifqufqHwm[m tpm;tpm? t&uf?rl;,pfaq;? pnf;pdrfOpöm? tmPm pwmawGudk wyfrufwJh wPSmeJY twlwljzpfvdkY tukodkvfudk jzpfay:apwmcsnf;ygyJ/ tJ'DwyfrufrI[m owå0gawGudk oHo&mrSm usifvnfapzdkY csnfaESmifxm;vdkYb,fvdk wyfrufrIrsKd;udk rqdk Ak'¨0g'u tm;ray;ygbl;/

awG;NyD;ajzbkef;BuD; ajymjyxm;wmudk tptqkH; zwfNyD; tESpfcsKyfudk jyefawG;Munfh&if ar;cGef; okH;ckvkH;&JU tajzeJY ywfoufvdkY teD;pyfqkH;tawG;tjrif wpf&yf &EdkifavmufNyDvdkY ,lqygw,f/ udk,ftygt0if owå0grSef&if ½kyfoGif? trlt,m? pdwfxm;? t&nftcsif;wpfckckawmh rjynhfpkHbJ &SdaewwfwmaMumihf olwpfa,muf&JU rjynhfpkHrI tjypf temtqmudk MunhfNyD; t&ifb0u bmvkyfcJhvdkY?b,fvdkjzpfvdkY qdkwJh ar;aigh wif;qdk jiifNidK EIwf>ruf oabmxm;[m rdrd&JU yk*¾Kdvfa&; t&nfcsif;udk ,kwfavsmhapaMumif;yg/

ukH;acsmpum; owdxm;jypfwifjyñTef usKd;vdk[efSihf qefuefEIwfxm; pum;oG,f0dkufcsif;tBudKufjzihf ukH;wdkufjyKonf olYzsuf&nfudk &dyfjcnfMoZwcGef[u cPcsufjcif; odaprif; (*rÇDom&ysKdU? ydk'f-18)/

196/ vdifwlcsif; 665668 t&Sifauvmo (USA) "r ®tar;tajzrsm;

before a future Buddha's becoming. So we can say there would be

no Ariyas on this earth when Metteyya arrived.

No teacher

Do you know prince Siddhattha learnt some practices from the

sages like Ālāra and Udaka before his Enlightenment? Still he was

no teacher for the Middle Way which he discovered and is his own

method. Also he might have some discussions about it as a Brahma

or a higher deva while he was going in Sansāra as a Boddhisatta.

Would you like to be insistent in saying it is impossible that Buddha

Gotama has no teacher?

198/ wrvGefrS aESmihf,Sufol

wynhfawmfr ½dkaopGm ar;avQmufygonf t&Sifbk&m;?

1) uHedrfhw,fqdkwm bmudkqdkvkdygovJ/ uHedrfhcsdefrSm ewfawG? o&JawGu vlawGudk 0ifyl;Edkifygovm;/ NydwåmbkHu wap ä? o&JawGu olwdkYae&mrSm udk,fpm;xm;zdkY 'Davmu vlom;udk touftEÅ&m,fjyKw,fqdkwm [kwfygovm;/

2) &wemokH;yg;udk qnf;uyfol? o&P*kHwnfolrsm;udk ewfqdk;?ewfaumif;rsm;u prf;Edkifygovm;/

3) NydwåmawGudk tdrfrufxJrSmomru tjyifrSmyg jrifzl;ygonf/ t&ifb0u ywfoufcJhbl;wJh ruRwfvGwfolawGu wynhfawmfrqDu ukodkvftrQ vdkcsifvdkY vmwmvdkY tcsKdUu ajymygonf/wynhfawmf ay;wJh ukodkvftrQudk &vdkY vmawmif;wmvdkYvnf;ajymygonf/ tJ'gawG rSefygovm; bk&m;/

(Vol. I, p. 358). Here we should understand the word Lokadhātu

clearly. According to Visuddhimagga (Vol. I, p. 199), Tāvatimsā

celestial realm above, Avici hell underneath and four great planets

around are all included in a Cakkavāla. A Cakkavāla itself is called a

Lokadhātu (ekam cakkavālam ekā lokadhātu).

Middle Land

Majjhimanikāya Commentary states that, though all ten thousand

Cakkavāla (which also is to be called Buddhakhetta or Jātikhetta or

boundary for the region where a Buddha can be born) should be

included in the word "same one Lokadhātu", here it should be

limited only to this Cakkavāla (Vol. IV, p. 85) and Dighanik�ya

commentary comments that it should also be confined only to the

Middle Land (Vol. II, p. 252). Therefore, we can conclude that

"Ekissā lokadhātuyā��same one Lokadhātu" means "the Middle

Land" in this issue.

It seems to me

Depending on above mentioned comments, it seems to me that no

Buddha's relics would be seen on this earth while Buddha Metteyya

comes into existence. But, in some Brahma worlds there can be

long life Ariya Brahm�s like Ghatikāra and so. A Bodhisatta may

have some discussions about Dhamma when he was in same abode

with them too. We can say that an Ariya Brahma may help Prince

Siddhattha physically donating food or robe or medicine or place to

live in, but not philosophically teaching him a Dhamma.

Answering Q 190, I quoted some ideas that Sotāpanna and

Sakdāgāmi can be reborn in Deva worlds as a deva and human

world as a human being many times (but not up and down from

human to dava, again from deva to human) until they reached

Arahatship. However, it should be understood that their end will be

197. The Path Finder 667

Dear Sayadaw,

Humbly much respects to you. My knowledge is that before a new

Buddha appeared, the old Buddha's Dhamma, Sangha and all of his

relics will disappear. It also is said that the life-span of some

Brahmas are eons long. Then, an Ariya Brahma of Buddha Gotama

can still be alive when Buddha Metteyya comes?

If there are previous Buddha's Ariyas in the world, it is possible that

ascetic Siddhattha may discuss the Dhamma with them. Then, it is

impossible that he has no teacher when he attained Enlightement.

Your answer to Q 190 says that some Sotapana Ariyas can also be

reborn many times. It can make me confused too, because they can

meet another Buddha maintaining their earlier Ariya status. Then,

how can we say different Buddhas cann't influence one other?

Si Thu

--------------------------

Can be alive

I hope you know that the Brahma Ghatikāra who offered lotus robe

to Prince Siddhattha at the beach of Anoma was a Non-returner

(Anāgāmi). That means when the Prince destined to be a Buddha

was born, a disciple of another Buddha existed outside this world.

So the answer is yes, that is, a Brahma who is an Ariya, can be alive

when Buddha Metteyya appeared in this earth.

Lokadhātu

Buddha says it is impossible that two Buddhas should be born in

"same one Lokadhātu (Anguttara, Vol. I, p. 22)". The Commentary

on Anguttaranikāya describes that there can not appear another

Buddha in this world as long as there are previous Buddha's relics

197. The Path Finder

4) wynhfawmfr bk&m; w&m; tvkyfudk vkyfjzpfygonf/ i,fi,fuawmh tdrfrufqdk;wm? aowJhvludk jrifrufwmawGaMumihf vkyfjzpfcJhayr,hf ,ckawmh todpdwfESihf vkyfjzpfygonf/ bk&m;w&m;tvkyf rvkyfjzpfwJh tcsdefrSm pdwfxJu rodk;roefYjzpfygonf/ bmaMumihfygvJ t&Sifbk&m;/

rD;aiG--------------------------

1) uHedrfhw,fqdkwm tukodkvfuH tusKd;ay;cGihf omcsdefvdkYqdkEkdifzG,f&Sdygw,f/ arwåokwf ed'gef; (ck'úygX-| 1? 117) t&qdk&if olwdkY aexdkifwJh ydkifeuftwGif;rSm &[ef;awG aexdkifwJhtcgolwdkY taetxdkif usOf;ajrmif;oGm;vdkY raeEdkifatmif vkyfwmyJ/ewfyl;wmeJY ywfoufvdkY ar;cGef; 170? 172 &JUtajzawGudk zwf&if tawG;tjrifopf &Edkifygw,f/

olwdkYaexdkifwJh ae&mudk zsufqD;wmrsKd; vkyf&if (Oyrm opfyifudk ckwfypf&if) NydwåmbkHom;awGu vlawGudk tEÅ&m,f jyKEdkifw,f/ vltcsif;csif;vnf; olYudk udk,fu apmfum; aESmihf,Sufvkyf&if rdwfaqG ysufEdkifwmyJ/ ZmwfawmfxJu rdwå0dEú[mi&Jom;&JU acgif;ay:u rD;pMumudk yef;xifNyD; awmif;vdkY i&Jom;uay;vkdufwJhtcg i&Jom;u i&JrS vGwfNyD; rdwå0dEúu qufcH&w,fvdkY qdkw,f (Zm-| 4? 3)/ b0jcm;ol Nydwåmu olYudk,fpm;xm;zdkY 'Db0vlom;udk ac:,lw,fqdkwm rjzpfEdkifbl;/ tpGJtvrf;wpfrsKd;yJ jzpfEdkifw,f/

2) t&Sifarm*¾v’mefudk rm&fewf vmprf;zl;w,f (r 1? 407)/ t&Sif om&dykwå&m ormywf0ifpm;aewkef; OD;acgif;udk vmxkwJhewfvnf; &Sdw,f (0dok'¨d 2? 9)/ 'Dt&Sifjrwf ESpfyg;[m jrwfAk'¨ NyD;&if tBuD;jrwfqkH; jzpfygw,f/ ewfavmurSmvnf; ewfMurf;

198/ wrvGefrS aESmihf,Sufol 669

q&mawmf t&Sifjrwfbk&m;?

t&darawå,s jrwfpGmbk&m;avmif; ajymjycJhwJh ukodkvfawGxJur[ma0óE Å&mZmwfawmfudk aeYcsif;ukefatmif emMum;MuaomolwdkYonf uREkfyf bk&m;rjzpfrDtMum; oHo&mü usifvnforQrSmvnf; pdwfESihfudk,fudk tpdk;&í vlaumif; ewfaumif; pnf;pdrfaumif;udk cHpm;&NyD; uREkfyf bk&m;jzpfaomtcg a&S;OD;pGm y#dor Çd'gynmav;yg;ESihfwuG &[EÅmtjzpfudk rcRwfrvGJ &Edkifygvdrfhr,fvdkY&SifrmvJ rax&ftm; t&darawå,s bk&m;avmif;u ajymjyawmfrlcJhaMumif; od&ygw,f/

wynfhawmf odvdkonfrSm r[ma0óEÅ&m ZmwfawmfBuD;udk*gxmawGESihf a&;xm;wJh pmtkyfu b,fvdk pmtkyfrsKd;ygvJ/ b,fae&mrSm 0,f,l&&SdEdkifygovJ odvdkygonf t&Sifbk&m;/ Neuro

--------------------------

&SifrmvJ&SifrmvJu oD[dkVfom; wefcdk;BuD;wJh &[EÅmvdkY qdkw,f/ i&Jjynfudk <u? i&Jom;awGudk w&m;a[mNyD; vlYjynfudk jyefa&mufwJhtcgqif;&Jom;wpfOD; vª'gef;wJh Mumyef;cdkifudk cH,lNyD; rif;od'¨wf&JU qHawmfudk Xmyemxm;wJh plVmrPdapwDudk uyfvªzdkY wm0wðomewfjynfudk <uawmfrlw,f/ wm0wðom ewfjynfrSm odMum;rif;eJYw&m;"r ® aqG;aEG;NyD;aemuf t&darawå,s bk&m;avmif;eJY awGUqkHw,f/ bk&m;avmif;u vlom;awG pdwfydkif;b0 wdk;wufNyD; ukodkvf aumif;rIawG vkyfatmif wdkufwGef; a[mMum;zdkY t&Sifjrwfudk ñTefMum;vdkufw,f/ t&Sifjrwf vlYjynfudk jyefa&mufwJhtcgi&JjynfeJY ewfjynf tawGUtBuKHudk vlom;awGudk a[mMum;wJh t

200/ &SifrmvJ? arawå,s? a0óEÅ&m


a'0'wfuJhodkYaom omoemzsuf yk*¾Kdvfrsm; ,cifyGihfawmfrlcJhNyD;aom bk&m;tqlql vufxufwGif &Sdr&Sd odvdkygonf bk&m;/

ausmfvif;xuf--------------------------

pkHocsFm[m pdwf0ifpm;p&m aumif;w,f/ rsufpdESpfuGif;? em;ESpfck?ESmacgif; ESpfayguf? vufESpfacsmif;? ajcESpfacsmif;? ESvkH;om; ESpffjcrf;? ausmufuyf wpfpkH/ yg;pyfvnf; t0iftxGuf ESpfaygufyJ/ukefukefajym&if uyÜm,ftdwfawmif wpfpkHyJav/ tzdktr? tqdk;taumif;? tusKd;tjypf? tedrfhtjrihf? t&Snftwdk? tjzLtrnf;?tvif;tarSmif? aeYn qdkwmawG[m obm0yg/ bk&m;yef; wif&ifawmif yef;tdk; ESpfckqdk ydkMunfhaumif;w,fvdkY qdkavh&Sdw,f/

tJ'DvdkyJ avmurSm tkyfpkESpfck &SdNrJjzpfygw,f/ trsm;u b,favmuf aumif;w,fqdkap raumifbl;vdkY xifjrifwJh tkyfpk wpfck[m &SdNrJygyJ/ jrwfAk'ävmuf aumif;wJhyk*¾Kdvf &SdEdkifygtkH;rvm;/ 'gayr,hf raumif;bl;vdkY jrifwJhtwGuf qefYusifolawGu jrwfAk'üdk trsKd;trsKd; vkyfBuHpGyfpGJ jyKMucJhwmyJ/ obm0avmu twGif;rSmyJ wnf&SdcJhMuwJh ,cif yGihfawmfrlNyD; bk&m;&SifawGrSmvnf; 'Davmu"HrsKd; &SdzdkY aocsmygw,f/

rar;bJ qdkaomf aMumifwwfonf/rat;bJ rsKdaomf avmifwwfonf/

199/ pkHocsFm 670 t&Sifauvmo (USA) "r ®tar;tajzrsm;

ewfMurf; ewf,Of ewfjyuf ewfEkH ewfpkwfawG &SdykHyJ/

3) y&avmuom;udk &Hzef&Hcg jrifavh Mum;avh&SdwJh vlESpfa,mufudk bkef;BuD;awGUzl;ygw,f/ wpfa,mufu jrefrm trsKd;orD;/ wpfa,mufu rsufESmjzL trsKd;om;/ touf 25 ESpf/ nus&if t&ifb0u q&mjzpfzl;wJh y&avmuom;u olYqDvmNyD; aumufaMumif; yef;csDudk oifay;owJh/ b,fyef;csDausmif;rS rwufbJolqGJxm;wJh yef;csDawGu qGJwwfol a&;qGJwJh twdkif;ygyJ/

aqGrsKd; awmfpyfzl; rawmfpyfzl; ESpfrsKd;vkH; jzpfEkdifwmygyJ/rdrdqDu ukodkvftrQudk &csifvdkYvnf; jzpfEdkifw,f/ tjcm; &nf½G,fcsufeJYvnf; jzpfEdkifwmygyJ/ tcgwpfyg; bk&if AdrÁdom&rif;[mtvªjyKNyD;aemuf trQra0bJaevdkY aqGrskKd;jzpfzl;wJh NydwåmawGurif;BuD;odatmif nus&if toHAvHawG vkyfw,fvdkY qdkw,f(ayw0w¬K-|? 18)/

4) bmrqdk taMumufw&m;eJY vkyf&wmrsKd;u raumif;bl;/ apwemeJY vkyfcsifvdkY vkyfwmu ydkaumif;w,f/ aeYpOf rSefrSef bk&m;&Sdcdk; arwåmydkY vkyfae&if tavhtusihf jzpfoGm;NyD; rvkyfwJhaeYrSmpdwfxJ vkyfcsifwJhpdwfawG jyif;jyae wwfw,f/ rvTJomwJh taMumif;aMumihf vkyfcsifwmudk rvkyfvdkuf&wJh tcgrsKd;rSm pdwfnpfw,fqdkwJh taerskKd;awmh rjzpfoihfbl;/ aumif;wJh tavhtusihfjzpfvdkY qufvufNyD; xdef;odrf;xm;ygav/

arwåmaumif;rSm? &efwum? y,fcGma&csrf;tdk;/o'¨gaumif;rSm? aemifbdkYyg? csrf;omqifhqihfwdk;/

(okw&wem)

wGuf t&Sifjrwfudk vlawGu vuf0Jawmf&H t&Sifarm*¾v’mefvdkMunfnKd udk;uG,fMuw,f (Thai Tellings of Phra Malai by Bonne

Pacala Brereton, p. 22 )/'DoD[dkVfom; &[EÅmt&Sifjrwf ay:xGef;csdefeJY 'Dt&SifhtaMumif;

odkYr[kwf 'Dt&Sihf jzpf&yfeJY eD;pyfwJh tjcm;rax&f wpfyg;&JU taMumif;t&mudk ax&0g' yd#uwfrSm rawGUzl;rdao;bl;/

pum;rpyf? *syef r[m,me avmurSm t0avmudawoGm&(uGef,if)NyD;&if 'kwd, emrnfBuD;wJh bk&m;avmif; udwåd*A Çvnf;i&Jjynf ewfjynfawGudk oGm;vnfNyD; tjyefrSm udk,fwdkif &&SdcJhwJhtawGUtBuKHudk vlYjynfu vlom;awGudk jyefvnf a[mMum;w,f(The Seeker's Glossary of Buddhism, p. 319) w,fqdkvdkY &SifrmvJ&JUvkyfaqmifcsufeJY wlaewmuawmh xl;jcm;wmyJ/

,dk;',m;? vmtdk&SifrmvJ (Phra Malai) udk;uG,frI tpOftvm[m jrefrmEdkifiHrSmt&SifOy*kwå udk;uG,frIavmuf acwfrpm;? vlodrrsm;ayr,hf ,kd;',m;eJY vmtdkEdkifiHawGrSm ,aeYacwf tvGef xif&Sm;w,f/ &SifrmvJ&JU i&JjynfeJY ewfjynf tawGUtBuKHawGudk vlYjynfu vlawGudk a[majymaeywJh o½kyfazmf yef;csDum;awGudk ,kd;',m;vmtdk&JU bk&m;apwD bkef;BuD;ausmif; eH&HawGrSm aygaygrsm;rsm;awGU&w,f/ tJ'DEdkifiHawGrSm &SifrmvJudk ylaZmfwJh yGJawmfudkvnf;usif;yMuw,f/

t&darawå,sbk&m;udk zl;awGUvdkolawG[m *gxmwpfaxmif&SdwJh a0óE Å&m Zmwfawmfudk em,l&r,fvdkY &SifrmvJu a[mMum;wJhtwGuf yGJawmftwGif; oHCmawmfawGu a0óEÅmZmwfawmfudk nvkH;ayguf ½GwfzwfMuowJh (The Journal of the Walters

Art Museum, Vol. 64/65, p. 157)/

200/ &SifrmvJ? arawå,s? a0óE Å&m 673

t&Sifbk&m;?

tifwmeuf bavm*fh wpfckrSm AdrÁdom&rif;BuD;[m trÁygvDESihfZmwfvrf; jzpfcJhaMumif; zwf½I&ygonf/ xdktcsdefu rif;BuD;taeESihf aomyefwnfNyD;NyDvm;/ rif;BuD;rSm tjcm; rdzk&m;awG&Sdojzihfumarokrdp ämpm&uH xdkufygovm;/ aus;Zl;wifygonf/

ausmfaZ,s--------------------------

bk&ifAdrÁdom&[m awmxGufvmwJh Ak'ävmif;vsmukd &mZN*dK[fNrdKUteD;u y@0awmifajcrSm oGm;awGUw,f(okwåed? 340)/ tJ'Dwkef;u AdrÁdom& touf 24? eef;pH 9 ESpf/ jrwfAk'ü AdrÁdom&xufoufawmf 5 ESpfBuD;w,f/ olwdkYESpfOD;u i,foli,fcsif;awGygyJ/olwdkY&JU zcifawGvnf; tcsif;csif; &if;ESD;Muw,f/ AdrÁdom&[m touf 15 ESpfrSm rif;jzpfNyD;? eef;pH 16 ESpf (touf 31)&SdpOf &mZN*dK[fNrdKUem;u v|d0erSm Ak'¨&JUw&m;udkem&NyD; aomwmyef jzpfoGm;w,f/ oufawmf 67? eef;ouf 52? Ak'¨&JUaomwmyef wynhftaeeJY 37 ESpftMumrSm ewf½GmpHw,f (r[m0Ho? 2;25-2;30)/

]AdrÁdom&rif; i,fpOfu a0omvDNrdKUol tvSr,f trÁygvDeJY NidpGef;cJhvdkY 0drvaum@n owdkYom; (aemiftcg &[ef;jyK? &[EÅmjzpf)ukd zGm;jrifw,f (ax&-| 1? 182)}/ 'Dt½IyfZmwfu aomwmyef rjzpfcif (touf 31 rwdkifcif) jzpfzG,f&Sdygw,f/ toufi,fi,feJY rif;jzpfwJh AdrÁdom&[m jrwfAk'¨&JU w&m;udk em&csdefrSmtawmf &ihfusufaeygvdrfhr,f/ 'gaMumihfvnf; aomwmyef jzpfoGm;cJhwmaygh/ aomwmyefawGu ig;yg;oDv NrJygw,f/ t&d,mjzpfNyD;&if 'Db0rSm tukodkvf&JU tusKd;oufa&mufrI &SdEdkifayr,hfy#doaEüsKd; rvmawmhbl;/ t*kFvdrmv jzpf&yfudk Munhfaygh/

201/ Zmwfvrf;a[mif;

r,hf ukodkvfaumif;rIudk azmfjyrIpwJh tESpfcsKyfuawmh tm;vkH;eD;yg; wlygw,f/

okH;rlvkH;rSm a0óEÅ&mZmwfawmfudk Mum;emolawG t&darawå,s bk&m;udk zl;&r,fqdkwJh azmfjycsufudk rawGUrdayr,fh&SifrmvJ taMumif;udka&;wJh pmawGrSmawmh t&Sifjrwf wm0wðom ewfjynfrSm t&darawå,s bk&m;avmif;eJY awGUpOf bk&m;avmif;u rdrd bk&m;jzpfwJhtcg rdrdeJY awGUqkHvdkolawG[ma0óE Å&m Zmwfawmfudk emMum;&r,fvkdY ñTefMum;vdkufaMumif;qdkMuw,f (Thai Tellings of Phra Malai, p. 22 )/

a0óE Å&mjrefrmwdkY odwmu ZmwfBuD; q,fbGJUxJu aemufqkH; Zmwfawmf/om;orD;eJY rdzk&m;udkawmif vª'gef;wJh tvGef&ufa&mwJh 'gebk&ifrif;BuD;aygh/ r[ma0óEÅ&mvdkY qdkw,faemf? plVa0óE Å&mZmwf&Sdao;vdkYvm;/ q|rl ygVdawmft&awmh plV r[mvdkY cGJjcm;rqdkbl;/a0óE Å&mtrnfeJY Zmwfawmf wpfckyJ&Sdw,f/ pkpkaygif; *gxmyk'fa&u cGef&Spfajcmuf (786)BuD; AsKdU/ wpfaxmif rjynhfbl;/

t&darawå,s bk&m;udk zl;csifpdwfeJY tJ'DZmwfawmfudk ½Gwfzwfvdk&if ZmwuygVdawmf 'kwd,tkyf? pmrsufESm 312 rSm ]a0óEÅ&ZmwuH} qdkwmudk awGUEdkifyg&JU/

jynhfrsufpdudk ruef;ap&m [lonfum; ynm&Sd orm;BuD; [l;&m;BuD;wdkY\ pum;udk vGefí rusihf&m/

rif;zavmif;vufxufa&; &cdkifppfynmusrf; (ayrl? em-0rf;? 6)

200/ &SifrmvJ? arawå,s? a0óE Å&m 675674 t&Sifauvmo (USA) "r ®tar;tajzrsm;

ref;&SifrmvJyG Jbkef;BuD; od&oavmuf jrefrmEdkifiH &efukef? {&m0wDeJY yJcl;zufawGrSmawmh &SifrmvJyGJ taMumif;udk usufrdMu[ef rwlbl;/ 'gayr,hf ref;eJY ppfudkif;vdk tcsKdUt&yfrSmawmh odMuykHay:w,f/ qifjzL&Sif bk&ihfaemif vufxuf ,kd;',m;EdkifiHu Zif;r,feJY vif;Zif;t&yfawGudk wdkufcdkuf atmifjrif&mrSm tJ'Du odrf;,lcJhwJh vltcsKdUppfudkif;eJY rEÅav;0ef;usifrSm aexdkifoGm;cJhMuzl;w,f/ 'DhtwGuf&mZ0if oJvGefpuawmh ]vif;Zif;u &cJhaom vlwpfaxmifausmfudkvnf; tBuD;ESihf tpk tuGufcsí trIawmfudk xrf;&onf (rSefeef; 2? 379)}wJh/ 'gaMumihf ppfudkif;u vif;Zif;&yfuGuf? rEÅav;u ½Gm[dkif;aps; ½Gm[dkif;okomef qdkwmawG[m bkef;BuD;txif,kd;',m;eJY ywfoufrI &SdEdkifw,f/

'Dhxuf ydkrdk a&S;uswJh ysKdUuAsm rSwfwrf; r&ao;oa½GU ppfudkif;eJY rEÅav;e,fawGrSm awGU&wJh &SifrmvJ Mumyef;yGJ qdkwm[mtJ'Dwkef;u tJ'DvlawGeJY pwifcJhwJh ,Ofaus;rI jzpfaeavrvm;vdkY rSef;qcGihf &Sdygw,f/

tem*w0iftem*w0ifqdkwm tem*wfrSmyGihfr,hf t&darawå,s bk&m;&Sif&JUtaMumif;yg/ bkef;BuD;rSm tem*w0ifusrf; okH;rl&Sdw,f/ 1886

ckESpfxkwf Journal of the Pāli Text Society pmrsufESm 37 rSmygwJh142 *gxm&Sd ygVdrl? Udaya Meddegama bmomjyefwJh t*Fvdyfbmomjyefrl? ykodrfNrKUd ZrÁLUr*FvmykHESdyfwdkufrS 1266 ckESpf½dkuf jrefrmbmom tem*w0ifusrf;&if; rla[mif; (a&;olrazmfjy)/ okH;rlvkH;rSm tem*w0ifudk jrwfAk'ü t&Sifom&dykwå&mudk a[mwm?þur Çm&JU qkwf,kwfykH wdk;wufykH? t&darawå,sbk&m;avmif;zGm;jrif awmxGuf bk&m;jzpf? bk&m;&Sif&JU crnf;awmf r,fawmf?wynhfawG&JU trnfemrawG tao;pdwfeJY tJ'Dbk&m;udk zl;jrifcGifh&Sd


1) um, 0pD raem[k uHokH;yg;wGif b,fuHu tjypftBuD;qkH;jzpfygovJ/ rsufpdjzihf jrif½kH Mum;½kHESihf aumif;qdk; ESpfrsKd;udk pdwfwGif BuHpnf rdoGm;ygu uHajrmufygovm;/2) rvTJra&Smifomojzihf olwpfyg; aumif;usKd;udk jzpfaponhfWhite Lie (rkom;jzL)udk wrif&nf½G,fí ajymqdkrdygu rkom0guHajrmufygovm;/3) taygif;toif;tcsKdU olwpfyg;taMumif; raumif;ajymvmonfhtcg rSm;onfjzpfap rSefonfjzpfap cifrifrIudk rzsufvdkí tvdkufoihf ]tif;}vdkufrdygu tukodkvftjypf &Sdygovm;/4) 0w¬Ka&;q&m? 'g½dkufwm? ½kyf&Sif½kyfaqmifrsm;onf r&Sdudk t&Sdvkyfí a&;om; o½kyfaqmifMu&mü rkom0g'uH xdkufygovm;/5) 0w¬Ka&;q&m? 'g½dkufwm? ½kyf&Sif½kyfaqmifrsm;onf Munfh½IolwdkYtm; tcspf? trkef;? 0rf;enf;? 0rf;om ponhf cHpm;rI trsKd;rsKd;udkjzpfay:apygonf/ Zmwf0w¬K zefwD;olESihf y&dowfwdkYrSm rnfonhftukodkvftjypf &Sdygoenf;/

rif;acgif--------------------------

1/ raemuH okH;rsKd;&Sdw,f ... tbdZÑm = olrsm;ypönf;udk jrifwJh tcg ighypönf;jzpf&if aumif;r,fvdkY pGJvef;wJhpdwf/ wyfruf ESpfoufrd½kHeJY uHrajrmufbl;/ Asmyg' = 'Daumifao&if at;wmyJqdkNyD;ouf&Sdwpfck&JU toufeJYcE¨m NydKysufapvdkwJhpdwf/ pdwfqdk;½kHeJY uHrajrmufbl;/ rdp äm'd|d = t,l0g' rSm;,Gif;rI okH;rsKd; ... ew¬du (ukodkvf tukodkvf&JU tusKd;udk vufrcH)? tBud, (uk? tukudk jyKjcif;qdkwJh taMumif;udk vufrcH)? ta[wku (taMumif; tusKd;ESpfrsKd;vkH;udk vufrcH)qdkwJY okH;rsKd;om remuH ajrmufw,f/

202/ rkom;jzL? azsmfajzol ar;avQmufvdkygonf t&Sifbk&m;?

arm[\t"dyÜm,fudk awGa0jcif;[k em;vnfygonf/ rSefygovm;/wynhfawmfrSm arm[pdwf xlajymojzihf twdwfudkvnf; awG;?tem*wfudkvnf; awG;&if; tawG;awG rsm;vGef;aeygonf/ xdktawG;awG aysmufoGm;atmif rnfodkY jyK&rnfudk odvdkygonf/

ESif;--------------------------

arm[&JU t"dyÜm,f&if;u rodjcif;/ tbd"r®menf;t& avmu&JUtrSefw&m; (opöm) av;yg;udk rodwm? a&SUb0cE¨m? ,ckb0cE¨m?,if;ESpfrsKd;vkH;eJY aMumif;usKd;jzpfpOfudk rodwmvdkY rodrI &SpfrsKd;jyw,f/ 'Dae&mrSm A[kokw? twwfynm r&SdvdkY rodwm rwwfwmudk arm[vdkY r,l&bl;/ &[EÅmawGawmif y#dorÇd'gywå (tbdnmOfeJYtwl oDoefY jzpfay:vmwJh ÚmPfxl;) r&Sd&if yd#uwf okH;ykHudk oifrS wwfodw,f/

'DoabmaMumihf t&Sifom&dykwå&mawmif &[ef;i,fwpfyg;udkur®|mef;ay; rSm;zl;w,f/ tawG;awG rsm;w,fqdkwmu arm[aMumihf r[kwfbl;/ O'¨pö (jymykHudk aveJY rIwfvkdufovkd pdwfawGysHUvGifhaewJh oabm)aMumihf jzpfygw,f/

pdwfcsrf;omrI (okc)udk &zdkY tJ'D O'¨pö (avvGifhpdwf)awG r&Sd&bl;/ pdwfwnfNidrfrI (orm"d)&Sd&if vGihfaewJh jymawGudk a&eJY jzef;csvdkufovdk pdwf[m tvdkvdk wnfNidrfoGm;w,f/ tm½kH trsKd;rsKd;udkvdkcsifpdwfeJY BuHpnfpdwful;rI (umrp äE´) aMumifh pdwfrwnfNidrfrIjzpf&wm/ 'Dawmh avvGihfpdwfudk wm;qD;zdkY bm0em wpfckckudkvkyf&w,f/ Oyrm *kPfawmfyGm;? arwåmydkY? okwåefawGudk ½Gwfzwfo&ZÑm,f ... ponfaygh/ (orm"d umrp äE´ó y#dyau©m ... okcHO'¨pöukuúKpöó (0dok'¨dr*¾ 1? 137)/

203/ avvGihfpdwf

3/ tJ'DtajctaerSm pum;xpftaewm taumif;qkH;yJ/ pma&;q&m a½TOa'gif; *sefyefawG zrf;cH&vdkY ppfar;cH&wJhtcg wpfckckajymzdkY tm;,layr,fh pum;xpfvdkY ygpyfu bmpum;vkH;rS xGufrvmbl;wJh/ 'gayr,hf twlzrf;cH&ol ESpfa,mufvkH; t*FvdyfvdkjyefajymvdkY pydkifxifNyD; ypfowfcH&owJh/ yk&pfwdkY zm;wdkY[m toHaMumifh aoMu&wm/ EIwfxGufudk xdef;t&if taumif;qkH;ygyJ/

4/ tajzu ar;cGef;xJrSm ygaew,f/ r&Sdudk t&Sdvkyfa&;wmvdkYpmzwfol ar;cGef;&Sifu odaewmyJ/ tJ'Dawmh rkom0g' aemufqkH;t*Fg&yfeJY udkufnDyghrvm;/

5/ ½kyf&Sif? jyZmwf? Zmwfvrf; tygt0if uckefoDqdk ajzazsmfrI rSeforQ w&m;tm;xkwfaeol a,m*DtzdkY ql;ajimihf cvkwfygyJ/ Zmwfvrf; zefwD;olawGeJY o½kyfaqmifawG&JU wyfruf? pdwfqkd;? ylaqG;½kyfykHawGu wu,fr[kwfvdkY olwdkY ukd,fwdkifrSm tukodkvfpdwfrjzpfbl;vdkY qdkzG,f&Sdw,f/ twkrSef; odvsufeJY rkef;wD;? rsuf&nfus? vGrf;qGwf jzpf&wJh Munfh½IolawGuawmh wu,fjzpfvdkY olwpfyg; vkHYvygwJh (oocFg&du) tukodkvfpdwf jzpfEdkifw,f/

olwpfyg;wdkYudk tJ'D tukodkvfpdwf jzpfatmif vIHYaqmfolawGtaeeJYvnf; tukodkvfjzpfcGifh &SdEdkifwmyJ/ pdwfqdkwm ukodkvf jzpf&ifjzpf? rjzpf&if tukodkvf jzpfaewmyg/ yk*¾Kdvfa&;tjrift& pdwfomy"mejzpfvdkY tvkyfwdkif;rSm apwem aumif;av;awG t&if;cH&Sdae&if tusKd;&Sdw,fvdkYawmh qdkEdkifrSmyg/

Ak'¨0g' ½Iaxmihft&rSm olwpfyg;udk aus;uRefozG,f azsmfajzay;&wJh obif? uacsonf tvkyfawGudk tm;ray;bl;/ 'gayr,hf,aeYacwfrSm aiGaMu;csrf;omolawGyJ tJ'D tvkyfudk ydkrdkvkyfEdkifvdkY acwfajymif;jyef jzpfaew,f qdkwmudkawmh bmoma&;0g'Da&mvlrIa&;0g'DawGyg vufcHxm;&vdrfhr,f/

202/ rkom;jzL? azsmfajzol 679678 t&Sifauvmo (USA) "r ®tar;tajzrsm;

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204/ tpGrf;ppf

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atrDEdkif--------------------------

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204/ tpGrf;ppf 681684 t&Sifauvmo (USA) "r ®tar;tajzrsm;

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armifoufa0 (rEÅav;)--------------------------

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atmufwdkbm 31? 2011/--------------------------------------

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205/ omuDArm 683682 t&Sifauvmo (USA) "r ®tar;tajzrsm;

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205/ omuDArm

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okawoejyKol AdkY'f taeeJY okH;oyfcGifh &Sdygw,f/ bmvdkYqdk]And all the days that Adam lived were nine hundred and thirty

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205/ omuDArm 685688 t&Sifauvmo (USA) "r ®tar;tajzrsm;

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t&Sifbk&m;?

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jrifhpdef--------------------------

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206/ a&pufcsjcif; 686 t&Sifauvmo (USA) "r ®tar;tajzrsm;

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,cktcg befaumufNrdKUBuD; a&jrKyfaeygNyD/ NrdKUaawmufudk ae&ma½TUzdkYawmif jyifqifaeygNyD/ &efukefNrdKUBuD;vnf; a&rjrKyf[k rqdkEdkifyg/ xdktajctaeaMumihf rdwfaqGwppfa,mufu ,cktcsdeftcgonf uvd,k*f qkwfuyfjzpfí 2012 rSm ur Çmysufudef; BuHrnfqdkjcif;rSm rSefEdkifaMumif; ajymygonf/ uvd,k*fqdkwm bmygvJ/¤if;tajymt& uvd,k*f av;rsKd;&Sdonf[k qkdygonf/ uvd,k*fkqkwfuyf taMumif;ESihf uvd,k*fav;rsKd;taMumif;udk &Sif;jy ay;apvdkygonf/

rdk;jrifh (xdkif;)-----------------------

'Dvdk jyifrSwf]uvd,k*f av;rsKd;&Sdonf}vdkY rSwfxm;rd&if rrSefbl;/ ],k*fav;rsKd;} qdkrS rSefw,f/ uw,k*f? awwm,k*f? 'Ggy&,k*f? uvd,k*fvdkY,k*fav;rsKd; &SdaMumif; usef;*efrSm qdkw,f/ (uw awwm 'Ggy&uvd0aoe pwk,k*H/ "mef-#D? pm-67/) ,k*fqdkwm ygVdpum;vkH;,k* ygyJ/ ,k*qdkwm ocsFmudk azmfjywJhpum;vkH;/ ESpfckpDygwJh wpfpkH odkYr[kwf tpkHvdkY t"dyÜm,f&w,f/ olawmfaumif;w&m; xGef;um;rI qkwf,kwfrIqdkwJh tcsdefumv eSpfrsKd;eJY owfrSwfwJh acwfBuD; av;yg;vdkY qdk&if rSefEdkifw,f/

oufwrf;ESpfaygif; 1728000 acwfudk uw,k*f? ESpfaygif; 1296000 udkawwm,k*f? ESpfaygif; 864000 udk 'Ggy&,k*f? ESpf aygif; 432000udk uvd,k*fvdkY ac:aMumif; tbd"mef#Dum (pm? 67)rSm qdkw,f/uw,k*f oufwrf;rSm vltrsm;pk tajcav;acsmif; axmufxm;

214/ ,k*fav;rsKd; 706 t&Sifauvmo (USA) "r ®tar;tajzrsm;

ajymif;jyefBuD; jzpfaevkdYyg/ vlwdkY&JU oufwrf;eJY 0gwGif;okH;vMumwm0wðom ewfjynfrSm oDwif;okH;w,fvdkY jyifrSwfvdkuf/

vlYjynfu ESpfwpf&m[m wm0wðomrSm wpfaeYeJY wpfnOfh([kwfygw,f? wpf&ufygyJ) Mumw,f/ vlYjynfu 36500 &uf[mwm0wðom wpf&ufaygh/ vlYjynf &ufaygif; 90 [m wm0wðomrSm b,favmufMumrvJ/ qdkygawmh cefYrSef;ajc okH;rdepfcGJavmufyJ Mumr,f/ wm0wðomwdkY&JU okH;rdepfcGJ tcsdef[m vlYavmurSm &ufaygif; 90 awmif MumwmjzpfvdkY vlom;Ak'¨ tbd"r ®m ckepfusrf;udk a[mzkdY tcsdef vkHavmufygw,f/

yvlwdk N*dK[fom;awG (&Sdr,fqdk&ifaygh)&JU wpfESpf[m vlom;248 ESpf Mumw,f/ vl 90520 &uf[m yvl 365 &uf/ 'Dawmhvlwpf&ufrSm yvlom; 4 rdepfausmfyJ Mumr,f/ tif; .. yvlom;wdkY tdrfom wpfcgwuf&if vlYwpf&uf eD;yg;yJ/

vkyfMunfhtk H;odyÜHtqdkeJY b,fvdkrS rnDñGwfEdkifwJh c&pfray:cif 4004 ckESpfrSma,musfm;&JU eH½dk;eJY vlom;rdef;rudk bk&m;ocifu zefqif;cJhw,fqdkwmudk tar&duef or ®wa[mif; a*smhbkcsfvdk vlawG tygt0if'Dur Çmay:u vltcsKdU[m rsufpdrSdwf ,kHaeMuw,f/ Ak'¨ wm0wðomrSm okH;vMum qdkwmudk r,kHEdkifwmeJY Ak'¨0g'udk oHo,&SdNyD;Ak'¨0g'D rppfEdkifawmhbl;qdk&if vljzpf ½IH;ygvdrhfr,f/

trSefwu,f Ak'¨0g'Dppfcsif&if &dyfom0ifNyD; okH;vavmuf w&m;av; bmav; xdkifMunhfygtkH;/ Ak'¨0g'rSm vufawGU tokH;uswJh usihfpOfawG trSefwu,f &Sdygw,f/

ÓmPftjrifeJ (enf;)? o'guJ? tvGJtvGJ jzpfwwfonf/

Zefe0g&D 13? 2012/---------------------------------------


,cktcg wynhfawmfwdkY rEÅav;udk Ak'¨jrwfpG,fawmf <ua&mufvsuf &Sdygonf/ pG,fawmf av;ql&Sd&m0,f wpfqlrSm ewfjynf?wpfqlrSm e*g;jynf? wpfqlrSm oD[dkVf (oD&dvuFm)? wpfqlrSm w½kyfjynfrSm [k od&ygonf/ ewfjynf? e*g;jynf? oD[dkVfwdkYodkY pG,fawmf a&muf&SdykHudk bmoma&; pmayrsm;wGif avhvm&ygaomfvnf; w½kwfjynfodkY pG,fawmf a&muf&SdykHudk aocsmpGm rod&yg/b,fykH b,fenf; w½kwfjynfodkY pG,fawmf a&muf&SdoGm;onfudkjynhfpkHpGm odvdkygonf/ pG,fawmfjrwf\ t½G,fyrmPudkvnf;usrf;*efvmwdkif; A[kokwtjzpf ajzMum;ay;apvdkygonf/

½dkaovsuf armifoufa0 (rE Åav;)-----------------------

oD&dvuFma&S;uswJh ygVdawmf rSwfwrf;awGrSm Ak'¨&JU tavmif;awmfudk rD;ylaZmfNyD;wJhtcg pG,fawmf"mwf av;ql <uif;wJhteuf e*g;jynfrSmwpfql? ewfjynfrSm wpfql? uvd*Fwdkif; (tdE´d,? Mo&dójynfe,f)rSm wpfql? *E¨m&wdkif;rSm wpfql ylaZmf xm;w,fvdkY qdkw,f('D 2? 138)/ vlYjynfrSm Ak'¨pG,fawmf"mwf ESpfql&Sdw,fvdkY rSwfEdkifw,f/ uvd*Fwdkif;om;wdkY ESpfaygif; 800 avmuf ylaZmfMuNyD;aemuf at'D 4 &mpkrSm rMunfnKdolawG&JU tEÅ&m,faMumihf tJ'DpG,fawmf"mwfudk a[rrmvm trnf&SdwJh uvd*Frif;orD;uoD&dvuFmudk oufpGefYqHzsm; yifhaqmifcJhvdkY ("mwk0Housrf;? "mwked"me uxmcef;) ,aeYxd oD&dvuFmom;wdkY ylaZmfcGifh&cJhwm ESpf


jyKwJh usrf;*efrSm &SmazGqJyg/ taemufwdkif; oGm;ynm&SifawGuawmh t½G,ftpm; tenf;i,fydkBuD;vdkY Ak'¨&JU oGm;awmfjzpfaMumif;oHo,&SdMuowJh/ NyDawmh *E¨m&wdkif;uae yDuif;udk a&mufvm&wJh pG,fawmf"mwf&JU orkdif;pOfu r&Sif;bl;? MunfnKdol &[ef;&SifvlwdkY&JU ,kHMunfrIudk tajccHwJh ordkif;pOfjzpfvdkY raocsmwJhqufcHrI uGufvyfawG &Sdaew,fvdkYvnf; qdkw,f (John S.

Strong, Relics of The Buddha, p. 187, 205)/ 'gayr,hf &SifawmfAk'üdk,kHMunfudk;uG,fNyD; w&m;udk odjrifxm;wJh Ak'¨0g'D wpfa,muftzdkY omoemh ab;tE Å&m,feJY BuKH&wJhtcg wefzdk; rjzwfEdkifwJh"mwfawmf arGawmfawGudk rif;orD; a[rrmvmvdk toufeJY &if;NyD; umuG,f apmihfa&Smuf avh&Sdw,fqdkwJh oDtdk&Dudk vufcHxm;&if ydkNyD; o'¨gw&m; xufoefEdkifaMumif;yg/

216/ &[EÅmjzpfvdkY aowmvm;

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aumif;oD[-----------------------

t&d,mr*fÓmPf(av;yg;) zdkvfÓmPf(av;yg;)eJY udavomawGudk t<uif;rJhy,fNyD;wJh yk*¾Kdvf? tusKd;rJhwJh t&mawGudk rjyKvkyfawmhwJhol? ewf

215/ Ak'¨pG,fawmf

ordkif;wefzd k;at'D 1900 twGif; e,fcsJUwdkY yDuif;udk usL;ausmf wdkufcdkufwJhtcg ZGm[dkZD,ef apwDawmf ysufpD;oGm;cJhw,f/ ppfNyD;wJhaemuftNydKtysufawGudk &Sif;vif;wJhtcg tJ'Dausmif;wdkufu &[ef;awGu ajratmufcef;rSm ausmufaowåm wpfckawGUNyD; tJ'DtxJu&wJh pEúl;om;MuKwfrSm ]ousrkedAk'¨\ pG,fawmf"mwf? wDtef[GD(Tien-hui)rif; eef;pH 7 ESpf? 4 ckajrmufv 23 &ufrSm &Sef[DG(Shan-hui) a&;onf}qdkwJh pmwef;udk awGUMu&w,f/ pEúl;aowåmrSm a&;xGif;ol &Sef[DGqdkwm [efrif;qufrSm xif&Sm;wJh&[ef;awmf jzpfygw,f/ rif;bGJUtrnf wDtef[GD (Tien-hui) vdkYac:wJh [efrif;udk at'D 963 vdkY qdkw,f/

pEúl;aowåmrSm a&;xGif;xm;wJh &ufpGJ[m &mZ0iftqdkeJYtenf;i,f uGJvGJayr,hf 'D"mwfawmf[m tJ'DapwDxJrSm ESpfaygif;830 avmuf udef;0yfcJhwm aocsmw,f/ rlvu *E¨m&wdkif;rSm&SdcJhwJh pG,fawmfjzpfvdkY ygVdawmf rSwfwrf;eJY udkufnDwmuvnf;rjiif;omwJh tcsufyg/

od&orQtJ'Daemuf 1964 rSm w½kwfAk'¨g0DawGu cefYnm;x,f0gwJh vuf&SdpG,fawmfapwDudk jyefvnf wnfaqmufNyD; apwDcef;r&JU tv,frSm&SdwJh ausmufom;yv ’ifay:u a½Tom;apwDi,fxJrSm pG,fawmf"mwfudk xnfhoGif; ylaZmfxm;wJh twGuf trsm;jynfolwdkY zl;ajrmfcGihf &Muw,f/ 'guawmh Wikipedia eJY tjcm; tifwmeufrD'D,mu &wJh od&orQ pG,fawmf"mwf taMumif;yg/

b,ft½G,fpG,fawmf"mwf[m tjzLa&mif tqif;&Sdw,f ('D-X 2? 250)? (jrwfav;yef;ikHvdk) vkH;w,f (ZdemvuFm&-#D? 198) qdkwm avmufudkyJawGUrdNyD; b,ft½G,ftpm; qdkwmudkawmh ax&0g'u tav;*½k

215/ Ak'¨pG,fawmf 711710 t&Sifauvmo (USA) "r ®tar;tajzrsm;

aygif; 1600 eD;yg;MumNyD/ (]bmoma&; pmayrSm avhvm&w,f}qdkwmudk aocsmatmif enf;enf; wnfhay;vdkufwmyg/)

ygupöwef*E¨m&wdkif;qdkwm ,aeY tEkjrLvufeuf &Sdw,fqdkwJh ygupöwefygyJ/ w½kwfrSwfwrf;t& pG,fawmf"mwf wpfqludk a&S;acwfO',e (Udayāna)EdkifiH (,ck ygupöwefEdkifiH twGif;)rSm ylaZmfxm;w,f/ tJ'DEdkifiHrS wpfqihf cdkwef (Kotan)EdkifiHudk yihfaqmifcJhaMumif;qdkw,f/ (bmaMumihf b,folu yihfaMumif; rod&)/ cdkwefEdkifiHqdkwm ,ck w½kwfEdkifiH ZifusD,ef (Xinjian) jynfe,f? a[wD,H(Hetian) c½dkifudk ac:w,f/ at'D 5 &mpk uDG (Qi) rif;vufxufrSmcdkwefEdkifiHudk c&D; oGm;cJhol w½kwf&[ef;awmf zm[D,ef (424-498 at'D)u pG,fawmf"mwfudk uGDNrdKUawmf eefusif; (Nanjing) odkYyihf aqmifcJhw,f/ (tEÅ&m,faMumihf yihfcJhwmvm;? cdkwefom;wdkYoabmwl&JUvm; qdkwmudk rod&/)

yDuif;odk YqGD (Sui) rif;vufxufrSm NrdKUawmf csef;tef(Chang-an)udk yifhw,f/ aemufxyf rif;quf ig;cktwGif;rSmawmh wdkif;jynf rNidrfoufwmaMumihf wpfae&mNyD; wpfae&m a½TUajymif;cJh&w,f/ vD,dk(Liao)rif; vufxufrSm ,efuif; (Yenjing) ,ck tac: yDuif;(Beijing) NrdKUudk yifhcJhw,f/ vD,dkrif;quf 'dkZGef (Dao-zong) rif;&JU&mZ0ifusrf;rSm ZD,ef,ef; (Xian-yong) bk&if (1071 at'D) eef;pH7 ESpfESihf 8 vtMumrSm Ak'¨&JU "mwfawmfudk ZGm[dkZD,ef (Zhao-

xian) apwDxJrSm XyemykH taMumif; rSwfwrf; wifxm;wmudkawGU&w,f/ at'D 8 &mpk vif;*Gef (Ling-guang) ausmif;wdkufudkwnfaxmifwJhtcg 'DapwD[m tJ'D ausmif;0if;twGif; tygt0ifjzpfoGm;NyD; ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm bk&m;zl;awGeJY pnfum;cJhw,f/

jA[®mESihfwuGaom owåavmu&JU qnf;uyfudk;uG,frIudk cHxdkufoludk t&d,mvdkY ac:ygw,f/ 'Dae&mrSm Ak'¨? yapöuAk'ëJY (r*fzdkvfÓmPfudk &NyD;wJh) Ak'öm0uawGudk qdkvdkygw,f (r-| 1? 21/ r-#D 1? 62/)/ r*fÓmPf 4 rsKd;xJu yxrqkH; (aomwmywåd) r*fÓmPfudk &NyD;oludk aomwmyef t&d,mvdkY ac:ygw,f/ 'gaMumihfaomwmyef qdk&if t&d,myk*¾KdvfyJvdkY rSwfvdkufyg/

r[kwfbl;r,fawmfrm,m uG,fvGefwm[m Ak'ävmif;vsmudk arG;zGm;jcif;aMumihf r[kwfbJ Ak'ävmif;vsm udk,fwdkifu rdrdudk arG;zGm;NyD;aemuf ckepf&uftMumrSm uHukef uG,fvGefr,hf r,fawmfudk a½G;cs,fcJhjcif;om jzpfygw,f (Zm-| 1? 59)/ tJ'DvdkyJ vlYb0eJY &[EÅmjzpfoGm;cJh&if tJ'Dyk*¾Kdvf[m tJ'Dvdk &[EÅmjzpfjcif;qdkwJh taMumif;aMumihf aowm r[kwfbl;/ yp ädrb0du ('Db0[m olYtzdkY aemufqkH; y#doaEäejcif;) jzpfvdkY 'Db0cE¨m rukefqkH;cifrSm &[EÅm tjzpfudk &&SdoGm;NyD; rMumcifrSmyJ olY&JU ukodkvfyg&rDvnf; ukefqkH;wJhtwGuf uG,fvGef&wm jzpfygw,f/ ukokdvfuH rukefao;wJhyk*¾Kdvf awGuawmh vlYb0eJY raeawmhbJ {uef &[ef;jyKMuygw,f/ ('D-| 3? 97/ 'D-#D 3? 93)/

qkH;rwpfck

&[ef;oCFm? t&d,mudk? vlomraPwdkY? csKdUcsKdUiJhiJh? uJh&JUusDpm;? vSnfhpm;rjyK? wkbufrqdk? ½dkaoMuap? a>rayG; a>ra[muf? rxdapmufodkY? ½GHUaMumufap/

(&Sifr[moDv0Ho)

216/ &[EÅmjzpfvdkY aowmvm; 713716 t&Sifauvmo (USA) "r ®tar;tajzrsm;

rBuH? udkif;½Idif;qdkwJh t&nftcsif;av;&yfeJY trSefwu,f jynhfpkH&if rd½dk;zvmawG tdrfay:rSm &Sdae½kHeJY o&P*kH rñId;Edkifbl;vdkYawmifqdkEdkifw,f/ 'gayr,hf bk&m;ausmif;rSm t&ufykvif; wifwmrsKd;?rzG,fr&m uRJcgif;½kyfvdk [mawGudk bk&m;qif;wkeJY wef;wlxm;wmrsKd;uawmh r½dkao&musvdkY o&P*kH npfEGrf;rSmaygh/

rjynhf0olbmomw&m; wpfckudk ,kHMunfrdNyD;&if om;pOfajr;quf ESvkH;om;xJ pdrfh0ifaeavh&Sdw,f/ 'gaMumihf oD[dkVfq&mawmfBuD; bdu©Kem&'rax&fwdkYvdk omoemjyK yk*¾KdvfausmfawG[m olwpfyg;&JU ,kHMunfrIudk tvGef av;pm;MuNyD; vlawGudk Ak'¨bmomxJ ul;ajymif;zdkY rqG,fMuygbl;/ "r ®oufoufudkyJ a[mMum;Muygw,f/w½kwf'umawG tdrfu uGef,ifeJY tkef;ukef; qif;wkawGudktonf;toef z,fcdkif;NyD; 'g ]em}vkyfwmvdkY qdkavh&SdwJh yk*¾KdvfwpfOD;eJY qkHzl;ygw,f/ Ak'¨0g'[m tjcm; ,kHMunfrIawGeJY twlwlvufwGJoGm;EdkifvdkY oabmxm; jynhf0w,fvdkY Ak'¨bmom r[kwfwJh ,aeY taemufwdkif;om; ynm&SdwdkY csD;rGrf;aeMucsdefrSm tJvdkvkyf&if oabmxm; ao;odrf&m rusaybl;vm;/

uGef,if? tef;ukef;uGef,if tef;ukef;u ax&0g' r[kwfbl;/ at'D 1 &mpkavmufrSm xif&Sm;vmwJh Ak'¨0g'*dkPf;uGJ r[m,meu vmwm/ uGef,if&JU rl&if;u t0avmudawoGm& (avmu&JU idk½IdufoHudk ulnDzdkYapmihfMunfhaewJh u½kPm&Sif) bk&m;avmif;/ rl&if;usrf;awGrSm ykHvdif(masculine)eJY &nfñTef;ayr,hf aESmif;acwfrSm £w¬dvdif (femi-

nie) ykHpHeJY o½kyfazmfMuowJh (Seeker's Glossary of Buddhism, p.

45)/ tef;ukef;&JU rl&if;udk bkef;BuD; odwJhtcg rQa0ygr,f/ trSefawmh tJ'D bk&m;avmif;awGu ppfwdkufwJh vlrdkufawG r[kwfygbl;/ av;pm;xdkufwJh olawmfaumif;awGyg/

q&mjzpfvdkY &Sdcdk;jcif;? jrifhjrwfvdkY &Sdckd;jcif;vdkY av;rsKd;&Sdjyef&m ]t,Havmau t*¾'u©daPa,sm = Ak'¨qdkwm avmurSm tjrwfqkH;tvªudk cHxdkufol}vdkY jrihfjrwfol taeeJY ½dkao&Sdcdk;NyD; cH,lrSo&P*kH ajrmufw,f/ usefykHpH 3 rsKd;eJY cH,lvdkY o&P*kH rajrmufbl;/ &wemokH;yg;udk txGwftjrwf taeeJY cH,lrS o&P*kHajrmufNyD; (tnwdwåd,udk &wemokH;yg;xuf) jrifhjrwfwJh t&mtaeeJY cH,lrS o&P*kHysufw,f (ao|0aoae0 [d o&PH*PSmwd? ao|0aoe p bdZÆwd/ 'D-| 1? 206)/

o&P*kH rysuftJ'DykHpH 4 rsKd;eJY o&P*kH wnfNyD;ol[m tjcm;bmudkrS &Sdrckd;? rylaZmf&awmhbl;vm;? &Sdcdk;jcif; ylaZmfyojcif; vkyf&ifaum o&P*kHysufovm;vdkY ar;p&m&Sdw,f/ usrf;*eftqdku ]bmomwpfyg;rSmbkef;BuD;vkyfaewJh aqGrsKd;udk 'g ighaqGrsKd;yJ qdkwJhtodeJY &Sdcdk;½kHeJYo&P*kH rysufbl;/ bkef;BuD; r[kwfwJh omrefvl (bmomjcm;)udk&Sdcdk;wmawmh ajymp&mawmif rvdkbl; ('D-| 1? 208)}wJh/ 'Dtqdkt& rdb½dk;&m&SdcJhwJh ylaZmft½dktao jyKp&mawGudk jzwfvdkuf&ifqdk;usKd;wpfckck jzpfvmavrvm;vdkY pdk;&drfNyD; ]½dk;&mygyJav}qdkwJhtodeJY &Sdcdk;OD;wif&if o&P*kH rysufbl;vdkY rSwfEdkifw,f/ &wemokH;yg;udk txGwfjrwfqkH; ae&mrSm xm;oa½GU o&P*kH rysufbl;vdkYvnf; rSwfEdkifw,f/

rñId;EGrf;bl;ykxkZÆOfawG&JU o&P*kH ñId;EGrf;EdkifwJh taMumif;awGu 1) tnmP = &wemokH;yg;&JU *kPf&nfudk rodjcif; 2) oHo, = Ak'¨tppf [kwfyghrvm;vdkY oHo,&Sdjcif; 3) rdp ämÓmP = Ak'¨rSm t&[H*kPf&Sdwm rjzpfEdkifbl;ponfjzihf rSm;,Gif;pGm BuHqjcif; 4) r½dkaojyKjcif; ('D-| 1? 209/ 'D-#D 1 282)/ 'Dpmt& rdrd&JU o&P*kHaqmufwnfrIrSm pdwfxJu *kPfudk em;vnf? oHo,rJh? vGJrSm;pGm

217/ Ak'¨bmomaumif; 715

t&Sifbk&m;?wynhfawmfrwdkY rdom;pku w½kwfjzpfvdkY w½kwf½dk;&m uGef,ifr,fawmfeJY tef;ukef;BuD;awGudk udk;uG,fMuygonf/ 'gayr,hf Ak'¨bmom pmawGudk zwfwJhtcg bk&m;? w&m;? oHCmuvGJNyD;tjcm; udk;uG,fp&mudk &Sm&if o&P*kHysufw,f[k od&ygonf/ewf? bdk;awmfawGudk udk;uG,f&ifvnf; o&P*kHysufw,fvdkY od&ygonf/ uGef,ifr,fawmfeJY tef;ukef;wdkYu ax&0g'rSm ygwmvm;/ ewfawGvm;/ olwdkYudk udk;uG,f&if o&P*kH ysufygovm;/

vlwpfa,muf&JU aumif;usKd; qdkusKd;[m tJ'Dvl&JU aumif;uHraumif;uHeJY qdkifw,fvdkY ,kHMunfwJhtwGuf wynhfawmfr[m0goemygayr,hf aA'ifq&m? tMum;tjrifq&mawGqDudk roGm;awmhygbl;/ tdrfae&m taumif;tqdk;udk azmfjywJh zkef;a½T tqdkawGuaum ax&0g'eJY nDñGwfygovm;/

ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom0ifaumif; wpfa,mufjzpfatmif b,fvdkusihfBuHaexdkif&r,f qdkwmudkvnf; ajymjyay;apvkdygonf/

tdrfhtdrfh---------------------------

aqmufwnfyk H 4 rsK d;o&P*kH cH,l(aqmufwnf)ykH 4 rsKd; &Sdw,f ... 1) ],aeYrS pNyD;ighudk,fudk &wemokH;yg;tm; vª'gef;ygw,f}vdkY udk,fcE¨mudk ay;pGefYNyD; cH,ljcif; 2) ],aeYrS pNyD; &wemokH;yg;[m ighudk;uG,f&myJ}vdkYtm;udk;&mtaeeJY cH,ljcif; 3) ],aeY rSpNyD; &wemokH;yg;[m ighq&myJ}vdkY wynhftaeeJY cH,ljcif; 4) ],aeYrSpNyD; &wemokH;yg;udkyJ &Sdckd;t½dktao jyKygw,f}vdkY ½dkaoylaZmf&m taeeJY cH,ljcif;/tJ'D 4 rsKd;xJu wpfrsKd;rsKd;eJY cH,lvdkuf&if o&P*kH wnfygNyD/trSwf 4 rSmvnf; aqGrsKd;jzpfvdkY &Sdcdk;jcif;? aMumufvdkY &Sdckd;jcif;?

217/ Ak'¨bmomaumif;

ynm&yfvdk YyJrSwfuHudk ,kHw,f? aA'if tMum;tjrif bdkifhbdkif qdkvdkY 0rf;omygw,f/aA'ifqdkwmudk Ak'¨"r ®&JU tjyifzufu ynm&yfwpfckvkdY em;vnfyg/aum@n ykPÖm;[m arG;uif;p rif;od'¨wfudkMunfh? vufñId;wpfacsmif;axmif? bk&m;{uef jzpfr,fvdkY qdkNyD; rif;od'¨wfxuft&if awmxGufcJhw,fqdk r[kwfvm;/ zkef;a½Tqdkwmudkvnf;qifMueftif jrif;Mueftifudk zGihfqdkwJh qifusrf;? jrif;usrf;awGvdktdrfMueftifudk azmfjywJh w½kwf½dk;&m tdrfusrf;vdkY rSwfyg/ ,kHwmr,kHwmu udk,hfpdwfyg/

Ak'¨bmomaumif;&wemokH;yg;? uHuH&JUtusKd;udk ,kHMunf? ,kHMunfwJhtwdkif; ax&0g'u oifMum;wJh"r ®udk vdkufemusihfokH;&if ax&0g'D jzpfEdkifygw,f/ usihfokH;ykHu ]raumif;rIa&Smif? aumif;rIaqmif? jzLatmifpdwfudkxm;}wJh/ tJ'D okH;ckudk xyfcsJU&if r*¾if&Spfyg; jzpfvmw,f/r*¾ifusihfpOfudk wpdkufrwfrwf usihfae&if aomwmyef jzpfcGifh&Sdw,f/ tJ'Dawmh Ak'¨bmomaumif; jzpfcsif&if r*¾if&Spfyg; tzGifhudk&SmzwfzdkY tBuHjyKyg&ap/ (þusrf;? pm-261 u o&P*kH rSwfpkudkjyefzwfyg/)

tprxifADZ½ku©m'dumeH0? ykAÁaum#d e em,wd (0dok'¨dr*¾ 2? 237)/ADZ½ku©m'dumeH0? rsKd;aphtyifwdkY\/ ykAÁaum#d? a&SU jzpfaom tpGef;udk/ e em,wd £0? b,ftyif b,frsKd;u pí jzpfonf[lí rodEdkifouJhodkY/ ur®0dygumeH? uH[laomrsKd; tAsmuwtusKd;yifwdkY\/ ykaaaum#d? a&SUjzpfaom tpGef;udk/ e e,mwd?b,f[mu pí jzpfonf[lí rodEdkif/

217/ Ak'¨bmomaumif; 717720 t&Sifauvmo (USA) "r ®tar;tajzrsm;

zvormywfaomwmyef? oum'g*grf? tem*grf? &[EÅmvdkYac:wJh t&d,myk*¾KdvfawG rdrd&NyD;wJh zdkvfpdwfeJYaewm (aomwmyefqdk&if aomwmywådzdkvfpdwfeJY ... ponf)udk zvormywf 0ifpm;w,fvdkY ac:w,f/bk&ifawG rif;pnf;pdrf cHpm;ovdk? ewfawG ewfcsrf;omudk cHpm;ovdk t&d,myk*¾KdvfawG[m rsufarSmufb0rSm edAÁmefcsrf;omudkcHpm;vdkwJhtcg owfrSwf csdef wpfcktwGif; tvdk&SdwJhcPwdkif;rSmzvormywfudk 0ifpm;Muw,f/

0ifpm;ykHu ... qdwfNidrf&mt&yfudk csOf;uyf? ocFg&w&m;awGudk jzpfysuf½I? tJ'Dvdk ½Iae&if; tJ'D½IqJ ocFg&w&m;awGudk tm½kHjyKwJh a*gMwblpdwf&JU tjcm;rJhrSm rdrd &&SdNyD;jzpfwJh zdkvfpdwftvdkufudavomawG csKyfNidrf;oGm;w,f/ xdkcPrSm tjcm; b,ftm½kHrSr&Sd? edAÁmefudkyJ tm½kHjyK aew,f/ zvormywf 0ifpm;w,fqdkwm tJ'gygyJ (y#doH-| 1? 247)/

jcm;em;yk Heda&m"ormywfeJY zvormywf jcm;em;csufu ... eda&m"ormywfudk 0ifpm;EdkifwJh tem*grf? &[EÅmyk*¾KdvfawG[m tem*grdzvormywf? t&[wåzv ormywfavmufudk 0ifpm;wJh omreftqihfrSm pdwfapwodufeJY pdwåZ½kyfawG csKyfroGm;bl;/ txl;t"d|mefNyD; jyifqifp&mawG rvdkwJhtwGuf tcsdefvnf; wdkawmif;zG,f &Sdw,f/ zvormywfudk aomwmyef? ou'g*grf? tem*grf?&[EÅm yk*¾Kdvf av;a,mufvkH; udk,fhtqihfeJYudk,f cHpm;Edkifw,fvdkY tMurf;jzif; rSwfom;Edkifygw,f/

0ifpm;NyD; aemufqkH;tBudrf 0ifpm;NyD;wJhtcg pwkw¬psmefrS xcJhw,f/ tJ'DaemufrSm b0ifpdwf jzpfw,f/ tJ'D b0ifpdwfonfyify&dedAÁme pkwdpdwfygyJ (b0* ø MowdPÖó waw¬0 y&dedAÁmeH/ 'D-|2? 186)/ tJ'Dpkwdpdwfqdkwmvnf; y#doaE¨pdwfjzpfwJh aomreóo[*kwf ÓmPorÜ,kwf r[m0dyguf tocFg&dupdwf (tAsmuw?'ku©opöm)ygyJ/ Ak'¨? yapöuAk'¨? t&d,mom0uawGu pNyD; ydk;½Gjcykef;awGxd owå0gtm;vkH; (oufqdkif&m) b0ifpdwfeJYyJ aovGefMu&w,f ('D-| 2? 186)/

eda&m"ormywfpwkuúenf; (av;rsKd;,lwJhenf;)t& ½lypsmefav;yg;eJY t½lypsmefav;yg; aygif;&Spfyg; (ormywf &Spfyg;vdkY ac:w,f)udk &xm;wJhtem*grfeJY &[EÅmyk*¾KdvfawG edAÁmefcsrf;omudk rsufarSmufb0rSmcHpm;vdk&if eda&m"ormywfudk 0ifpm;w,f/ 0ifpm;ykHu ... OD;pGm½ly yxrpsmefudk 0ifpm;NyD; tJ'DpsmefrSm&SdwJh ocFg&w&m;awGudktedpö? 'ku©? tewåvdkY 0dyóem wifNyD; ½Iw,f/ ckepfckajrmufpsmef(tmudÍönm,wepsmef)udk 0ifpm;NyD;aemuf ...

1) ouFef;? ausmif;ponfwdkY rysufpD;ygapownf;2) oHCmawG tvdk&Sd&if ormywfrS tvdkvdk xygapownf;3) jrwfpGmbk&m; ac:awmfrlvQif ormywfrS tvdkvdk xygapownf;vdkY t"d|mefjcif;

4) 7-&uftwGif; aoEdkif raoEdkif qifjcifjcif; .. qdkwJh udpöav;rsKd;udk t&ifvkyf &w,f/ aemufqkH;psmef (ae0onmemonm,wepsmef)udk ESpfBudrf 0ifpm;NyD;wJhtcg pdwf? apwoduf? pdwåZ½kyfawG csKyfoGm;w,f/ ur ®Z½kyfeJY OwkZ½kyfyJ &Sdaew,f/ tJ'gudkeda&m"ormywf 0ifpm;w,fvdkY ac:w,f/ 'Dormywfukd 0ifpm;ckduf odpdwfr&Sdbl;? toufr½Ibl; (tbd"r ®w¬o*F[? #Dumausmf)/

218/ Ak'üsdef;puf xdkpdwfwGuf 719


jrwfpGmbk&m; usdef;pufaepOf eda&m"ormywfudk 0ifpm;aeygovm; t&Sifbk&m;? odkYr[kwf omref tdyfaeorsKd; jzpfygovm;? xdktcdkuf tb,fpdwfrsKd; jzpfaeonfudk odvdkygonf/ eda&m"ormywfESihf zvormywfwdkY\ uGJjym; jcm;em;ykHudkvnf; wynhfawmfwdkYvdk vl0wfaMumifawG em;vnfEdkifatmif &Sif;jyay;apvkdygonft&Sifbk&m;/

xGef;vif;---------------------------

pdwfokH;rsK d; twlwlcE¨mig;yg;&SdwJh owå0gtm;vkH; b0ifpdwf (sub-consciousness)eJY tdyffMuw,f/ 'gaMumihf jrwfpGmbk&m; usdef;pufaewkef;rSmvnf; b0ifpdwfyJ jzpfaerSmaygh/ jrwfpGmbk&m;[m ]aomreóo[*kwf ÓmPorÜ,kwf r[m0dyguf tocFg7dupdwf}eJY y#doaE¨ aecJhwm jzpfvdkY (refvnfq&mawmf? yÍ§m0DrHoeuxmusrf;? pm-33 vnf;½I)jrwfpGmbk&m; usdef;pufaecdkufvnf; tJ'DpdwfyJ jzpfaezG,f&Sdw,f/b0wpfck &NyD;qdk&if tJ'Db0&JU tpqkH;jzpfwJh y#doaE¨pdwf? NyD;&iftdyfaewkef; jzpfwJh b0ifpdwf? NyD;&if aowJhpdwf (pkwdpdwf)? 'DpdwfokH;rsKd;[m twlwlyJvdkY tbd"r ®musrf;awGrSm qdkw,f/

y#oE¨d b0*FÍö? {uara0u Zmwd,H/pkwd pm&r ®PÍöó? {0ar0 ,xm&[H/

(tbd"r ®m0wm&? 93-*gxm)/y&dedAÁmef pHcgeD;rSm jrwfAk'¨[m ormywf&Spfyg;udk tBudrfBudrf

218/ Ak'üsdef;puf xdkpdwfwGufazazmf0g&D 11? 2012/-------------------------------------------------

q&mawmfbk&m;?

wynhfawmfudk ar;cGifhjyKyg t&Sifbk&m;/ vlyk*¾Kdvfu oHCmwpfyg;tm; 0denf;ESifh nDonf rnDonfudk ajymcGihf&Sdygovm;/ oHCm\ajymqdk aexdkifykHudk a0zef jyKjyifcGihf&Sdygovm;/ wynhfawmf zwflxm;zl;onfrSm t&d,mvlaomfrS ,ck0wfp udk,f&ifi,fudk ra0zef&? q&m rvkyf&? t&d,m bdu©KeDaomfrS ykxkZOf&[ef;tm; qkH;rcGihf r&Sd[k jzpfygonf/ tcsKdUuvnf; vlawGu &[ef;awGudk jyKjyifcGihf&Sdonf[k qdkygonf/ xdkodkYaom vlyk*¾Kdvfrsm; tukodkvfrjzpfap&ef trSefudk &Sif;jyay;apvdkygonf t&Sifbk&m;/

csKdrm---------------------------

a0g[m&jyifav;yg;eJY av;yg;xuf trsm;udk oHCmvdkY ac:w,f/ 'gaMumihf oHCmwpfyg;vdkY okH;r,fhtpm; &[ef;wpfyg;vdkY okH;EIef;&if ydkNyD; wdusw,f/ bmaMumihfqdk ]oHaCm [d 'kóDavm emr ew¬d = oHCmrSm oDvrJhol&,fvdkY r&Sdbl;}wJh/ 'kóDv (ouFef;0wf½kHrQ jzpfwJh) &[ef;wpfyg;udkyif (rvTJomvdkY BuKHqkHcJh&&if) ]oHCó a'r= oHCmtm; vªyg\}vkdY tm½kHjyKvdkufEdkif&if tusKd;BuD;owJh (r-|4? 225)/ (vlrdkufudk tm;ay;wmvm;vdkY rar;ygeJY? oDv&Sdoludka½G;cs,fwwf&rSmu udk,hfwm0efyg/ rMunfnKd&if a&Smif½kHygyJ/)

ajymqdkcGih f&S d]t&d,mvlaomfrS ,ck0wfp udk&ifi,fudk ra0zef&}vdkY b,frSmzwfxm;zl;ygovJ/ t&d,mjzpfNyD;wJh vlyk*¾Kdvf[m ,aeYjyKopfpomraPi,fudk &Sdcdk;ODñGwf&w,f (okwåedygw? 311)qdkwmeJY a&m

219/ rSm;,Gif;rI[lonf

Dear Sayadaw,

I am studying in a Seventh Adventist (Christian) University. In my

philosophy class, I also have to learn about different philosophies

from different religions. Though I am a Buddhist, I do not much

about Buddhist teaching. According to my instructor (a Christian),

Buddha thought that nothing is permanent and the belief of

Buddhism is that there is no self, no soul and no body. She has a

question for that. The question is that why Buddhism believes in

reincarnation or rebirth if there is no self, no soul and no body? How

do the death people reborn? She does not find the answer for that

question and she said the idea is not logical and it does not make

sense. I would like to know whether her lectures are correct or not

and I also would like to request Sayadaws to give me some

explanations regarding to my instructor's question.

With much respects,

Eh Dah

---------------------------

Soul-idea

There are two kinds of soul - individual and universal or divine. The

individual soul is called Jiva-atta. It is an unchanging, eternal and

immortal entity and controls the whole mind and body activities.

When the body is destroyed by death it is separated and looks for

new one. As soon as it finds out one it is transformed into a being

and a new life begins again. It is supposed to be the essence of

man. The Universal soul is called Parama-atta. It is a God or Creator

or Governor or a Divine essence. Jiva-atta is created by Parama-

atta, another words, the former is a tiny part of the latter. Immortal

soul and God are absolutely necessary to prove the existence of

eternal heaven and hell.

220. REBIRTH WITHOUT A SOUL

a½TOrif&JU tqkH;traMumihf rif;udk;uG,fcH awmifzDvm q&mawmf[m tjyefrSm bk&ifvª'gef;wJh ausmif;udk jyefr<uawmhbJw&m;tm;xkwfzdkY awmausmif;udk wpfcgwnf; <uoGm;w,fvdkYqdkw,f/ qkH;rwJhyk*¾Kdvfu apwemyg? cH,lwJh yk*¾Kdvfvnf; w&m;jynhf0vdkY yk*¾KdvfESpfOD;tMum; tzktxpf r&SdcJhbl;/ a½TOrifqkH;rykHunifomvGef; ynm&SdvGef;awmh teD;ae olawmf uyÜd,awmifr&dyfrdvdkuf&Smbl;/ rif;y&dowf tNcHt&HeJYtwl MunfnKd av;pm;vdkY vma&mufawGUqkHol awmifzDvm&JU tvªudk jiif;wJhtcg olawmfcrsm Mum;xJu awmifzDvmudk tm;em? udk,fhq&mudk tm;r&jzpfNyD; aemufqkH; q&mudk 0denf;eJY udkifajymrdwJh txdygyJ/a½TOrifq&mawmfu rdrd&JU &nf½G,fcsufudk &Sif;jyawmh olawmfvnf; vufcH&wmaygh/

udk,fwdkif t&ifqkH;bkef;BuD; &[ef;qdkwm ykxkZOfrQomyg/ ykxkZOfwkdif;rSm arm[&SdaevdkY rSm;,Gif;rI ruif;EkdifMubl;/ tvkyfvkyfae&if ab;uvlawGydkNyD; jrifomw,f/ b,folrSm;rSm; b,fvdkrSm;rSm; axmufjycGihf&SdwmygyJ/ wpfzufom; cHomzdkYawmh ta&;BuD;wmaygh/ touft½G,f &vmNyDqdk&if tjcm;vludk tBuHay;zdkY pdwfoefoavmuftjcm;vlu rdrdudk cifAsm; vdkao;w,fvdkY ajymwmudkawmh enf;enf;av;awmif rMum;csifbl;/ ynm owdqdkwJh cRef;awGeJY udk,hfudk,fudk Edkifatmif renf;tkyf,l&w,f/ jrwfAk'¨ a[mMum;ykHu ...

]twåmear0 yXrH? ywd½lay eda0oa,/txn rEkomao,s? e udvdaó,s y@dawm/udk,fudk,fwdkif t&ifqkH; tusihfaumif;eJY jynhfpkHatmifae/NyD;rS olwpfyg;udk qkH;r/ olrsm;&JU taMumif;awGeJY udk,fhudk,fudknpfEGrf;atmif rvkyfygeJY}wJh/ ("r®y'? 158 *gxm)/

219/ rSm;,Gif;rI[lonf 723722 t&Sifauvmo (USA) "r ®tar;tajzrsm;

aewm jzpfygvdrfhr,f/ ]t&d,m bdu©KeDu ykxkZOf&[ef;udk qkH;rcGihf r&Sd} qdkwmvnf; toufBuD; bdu©KeDawGu &Sifi,f &[ef;i,fawGudk t½dktao ay;&w,fqdkwJY *½k"H&Spfyg;xJu wpfckeJYa&moGm;[ef wlygw,f/ &Sdckd;t½dktao ay;wmeJY tBuHay;wmqkH;rwm wpfjcm;pDyg/ ykxkZOf udk&ifi,fu &[EÅmBuD; t&Sifom&dykwå&mudk ouFef;0wfwmeJY ywfoufNyD; tBuHay;zl;wm (oH-| 1?114)&Sdw,f/ jrwfAk'¨ vufxufu cyf½Iyf½Iyf t&SifO'g,D udk,fawmfBuD; trsKd;orD;i,f wpfa,mufeJY tcef;xJrSm ESpfa,mufcsif;xdkifNyD; pum;ajymaewmudk 0domcg ausmif;trBuD; awGUoGm;vdkY ]t&Sifbk&m;wdkYu ½dk;½dk;om;om; qdkayr,hf roihfjrwfbl;bk&m;}vdkY owday;zl;w,f/

>cif;csufu vlwpfa,mufu &[ef;wpfyg;udk 0denf;odu©myk'feJY a0zefwJhtcg tJ'Dvl[m ]tm*wzv = t&d,mr*fudk &NyD;ol}jzpf&r,fvdkY 0de,ygVdawmf(0d 1?285)rSm qdkw,f/ 'gayr,hf,aeYacwf tajctaet& Ak'¨0g'Dppf jzpfNyD; pum;t&mrSm trsm;,kHMunf av;pm;avmufwJh taersKd;qdk&ifawmh jzpfEdkifygw,f/

qkH;roleJ Y qk H;rcHrif;q&m awmifzDvmq&mawmf vª'gef;wJh ouFef; y&du©&mawGudk awmaysmf a½TOrifq&mawmfu ]om"k om"k a½T pnf;ckHudkvªyg\}vdkY jiif;y,fwmudk teD;rS &SdaewJh zdk;olawmf uyÜd,ub0ifrusvdkY awmifzDvm jyef<uwJhtcg ]o'¨gvdkY vª'gef;wmudkvufrcH&if o'¨ga',s0dedygw 'kuú#ftmywf (tvªU&Sif&JU o'¨gw&m;udk zsufqD;&musvdkY &wJh tjypf) oihfw,f r[kwfvm;}vdkY ar;wJhtcg a½TOrifu ]ighrSm wkHYjyefvª'gef;p&m r&SdvdkY olawmfhq&mudk "r ®'ge (bk&ifvª'gef;wJh taqmifta,mifawGudk om,mraebJ udk,hftwGuf w&m; tm;xkwfoihfNyDqdkwJh tqkH;tr w&m;tvª) jyKvdkufwmyg}vdkY rdefYMum;owJh/

Just process

Buddhism denies all eternal things mentioned above. It teaches that

every thing is changeable and not eternal and there is no

immortality inside or outside this world.

What we call a being is mind and body or five aggregates -

namely; materiality, feeling, perception, and mental formations. All

kinds of consciousness and mental states are called mind. One

mind-moment consists of three sub-moments: arising, presence and

dissolution. What we called body is a compound of twenty-eight

types of matter. The duration of matter consists of seventeen such

mind-moments. Immediately after one moment of mind or matter

there occurs another arising of the subsequent one. So, mind and

body or aggregates are constantly changing.

It is like the flame of a lamp or the stream of a river that is a

succession of sparks that follow upon one another with such rapidity

that we cannot perceive them separately. The arising of one

moment means the passing away of another moment and vice

versa. No eternal entity between these rapid moments of mind and

material phenomena.

Think about how you were last seven years ago. We cannot say

that I am the same person as I was the last moment. Every

moment there is birth, every moment there is death. In the course

of one life-time there is momentary death and rebirth without a

soul. Life is just process.

Rebirth

As the process of one life-span is possible without a permanent

entity passing from one moment to another, so a series of life-pro-

cesses is possible without anything to transmigrate form one existe-

nce to another. The force of tanhᾱ – the attachment to live - is

produced a new being under the guidance of Kamma energy.

220. Rebirth without a soul 725728 t&Sifauvmo (USA) "r ®tar;tajzrsm;

rdp äm'd|d trsKd;rsKd;udk r*fpdwfeJY t<uif;rJh y,fNyD;ol/ ig;yg;oDvudkvkH;0 rcsKd;azmufwJhtwGuf tyg,fwHcg;ydwfw,f ('d|d0dpdudp ämy[maee y[demyg,*raem)/ tJ'Dvdk pdwfydkif;b0eJY jynfhpkHol[mtjyifrsufESmrSm jrif&wJhtwkdif; (OZk = ajzmihfrwf)? twGif;pdwfxJrSm &Sdw,f (ok[kZk = odyfajzmihfrwf)/ &wemokH;yg;udk pdwfeJYawmif rjypfrSm;bl;/ avmb&Sdao;vdkY tdrfaxmif om;arG;jyKw,f/a'go rukefao;vdkY pdwfvIyf&Sm;wmrsKd;? 0domcgausmif;trBuD;vdkajr;rav;qkH;vdkY idkwmrsKd;awG &Sdw,f/ rme usefao;vdkY tNydKiftqdkifav;awG &SdEdkifw,f/ p½dkuf ajcmufrsKd;xJu wpfckck ay:vGiaewmrsKd;vnf; &Sdwwfw,f/ 'gayr,hf ykxkZOfawGavmuf rjyif;xefEdkifbl;/ wpfudk,faumif; rqefwm? trSefudk jrwfEkd;wm? vlom;qefwmawGuawmh xl;jcm;aevdrfhr,f/

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trSm;yg&if cGifhvTwfygbk&m;?

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oufpk0if;? enf;jy? uGefysLwm/---------------------------

t"dyÜm,fzGih f]pdwfaepdwfxm;}qdkwmudk pdwftajctae? ]trltusihf}qdkwmudkp½dkufvdkY t"dyÜm,f,lr,f/ pdwftajctaeqdkwm odpdwfwpfckjzpfwmeJY aemufuvdkufNyD; pdwfudk ta&mifqdk;ay;wJh apwoduf52 yg;/ vlawG aumif;jcif; qdkjcif;jzpf&wJh vufonfu tJ'D apwodufawGxJrSmygwJh udavom (npfusKwJh apwoduf)awGaygh/vlwpfa,mufrSm omrefxuf tjzpfrsm;wJh apwodufawGudkawmh p½dkufvdkYac:w,f/ vltoD;oD;rSm rwlnDwJh p½dkufajcmufrsKd;&Sdw,f/ &m*p½dkuf (wyfrufpdwf jyif;jy)? a'gop½dkuf (tNidK;odk?pdwfqdk;? pdwfaumufvG,f)? arm[p½dkuf (bmudkrS wdwdusus rqkH;jzwfEdkif? awGa0pdwfxm; tjzpfrsm;)? o'¨gp½dkuf (,kHMunfvG,f)?Ak'¨dp½dkuf (todynm twwfynm oif,l oifjyvkdrI tm;aumif;)?0dwufp½dkuf (BuHpnfawG;awmrIudk OD;pm;ay;)vdkY ygyJ/

aomwmyefaomwmyefqdkwm igaumifolaumif xifrSm;rI (ouúm,'d|d)? &wemokH;yg;eJY uH uH&JUtusKd;udk r,kHMunfwJh rSm;,Gif;wJh tjrifpwJh

221/ ykxkZOf aomwmyef 726 t&Sifauvmo (USA) "r ®tar;tajzrsm;

Re-birth is the arising of new aggregates (khandhᾱnam

pᾱtubhᾱvo) caused by the last generative thought of a dying

person. The last thought-moment of this life perishes conditioning

another thought-moment in a subsequent life. With this mind and

body one does a deed and by reason of this deed another mind and

body is reborn into next existence. In one sense it is a new being, in

another it is not (na ca so na ca añño), like reflection in a mirror.

No reincarnation

This doctrine of rebirth is different from the idea of reincarnation

which implies the transmigration of a soul and its invariable material

rebirth.

A simile

We may illustrate this process by a series of billiard balls. "If

another ball is rolled against the last stationary ball, the moving ball

will stop dead, and the foremost stationary ball will move on. The

first moving ball does not pass over, it remains behind, it dies; but it

is un-deniably the movement of that ball, its momentum, its

Kamma, and not any newly created movement, which is reborn in

the foremost ball." (Dr. Ᾱnanda K. Kumᾱraswᾱmi, Buddha and the

Gospel of Buddhism, p.106.)

See also: H. S. Olcott, The Buddhist Catechism, Q. No. 231-240.

Buddha' s Method

If any questio has to be considered, it has to be considered

peacefully and democratically in the way taught by the

Buddha.

J. Nehru

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222/ usihfzdkYt"du

½dkaopGm avQmufxm;tyfygonf?

jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mMum;wJh w&m;awGudk usihf½dk; usihfpOftwkdif;vkdufusihfoGm;ygu t&d,m .. aomwmyef .. tem*grf .. tp&Sdojzihf owfrSwfxm;Muonfrsm;udk rSwfzl;ygonf/ tedrfhqkH;upNyD;tjrifh qkH;yk*¾Kdvf jzpfatmif rnfodkY tpOftwdkif; usihf&rnfudk wpfqihfcsif; &Sif;jyay;vdkygonf/

armifwufwl---------------------------

222/ usifhzdkYt"du 729732 t&Sifauvmo (USA) "r ®tar;tajzrsm;

pdwfudk xdef;odrf;&if; pdwfydkif;b0udk avhusihfzdkY jzpfygw,f/ bkef;BuD;&JU tjrift& tJ'D&nf½G,fcsuf raysmuf&if tvGefBuD; wif;usyfNyD; OykofapmihfvkdwJh trsKd;aumif;om;aawG&JU qEúdk rwGefYqkwfapoihfbl;/ 'gaMumihf usef;rma&;aMumifh jzpfap? ywf0ef;usifudkiJhí jzpfap tcsKdUudpöudk avQmhay;oihfw,fvdkY jrifygw,f/

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224/ b0ifapwoduf ½dkaopGm avQmufxm;tyfygonf?

pmwpftkyfwGif ]qm;ESihfa& wom;wnf; a&monf rSefaomfvnf;qm;onf a&r&SdbJ wnfedkifovdk a&onf qm;r&SdbJ wnfEdkif\/odkYaomf pdwfESihf apwodufwGif pdwfonf apwoduf r&SdbJ rwnfEdkif? apwodufvnf; pdwfr&SdbJ rwnfEdkif}vdkY qdkygonf/ apwodufonf pdwfr&SdbJ wnfEdkifaMumif; vufcHygonf/ odkYaomfpdwfonf apwodufr&SdbJ wnfEkdif rwnfEdkif odvdkygonf/

b0ifpdwfwGif rnfonhf apwodufrsm; yg0ifygoenf;/ NyD;awmh t½lyjA[ ®mrsm;wGif rnfonhf apwodufrsm; &Sdaeygoenf;/

½dkaopGmvsuf xGef;vif;---------------------------

q&mawmf t&Sifbk&m;?

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qnf;qmcif---------------------------

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223/ NyD;vdrf;oefYpif pdwfMunfvif 730 t&Sifauvmo (USA) "r ®tar;tajzrsm;

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Oayu©moE ÅD&PrSm zó? a0'em? onm? apwem?{u*¾wm? ZD0dwdÈ´d,? rodum&? 0dwuú? 0dpm&? t"darmu©vdkYapwoduf 10 yg;/ r[m0dygufpdwf 8 ckrSm azmfjyNyD; 10 yg;?qE´? yDwd? 0D&d,? aombPom"m&P apwoduf 19 eJY ynmapwoduf? aygif; 33 yg;/ ½ly0dyguf 5 ckrSm azmfjyNyD; 33?u½kPm? rk'dwm? aygif; 35/ t½ly0dyguf av;ckrSm tJ'D 35 xJu0dwuú? 0dpm&? yDwd? u½kPm? rk'dwmudk Ekwf? aygif; apwoduf30/ b0ifpdwfeJY twljzpfaecdkuf b0if apwodufawGaygh/

224/ b0ifapwoduf 733736 t&Sifauvmo (USA) "r ®tar;tajzrsm;

Edkifw,fvdkY qdkvdkw,f/ 'gayr,hf obm0t& tm;vkH; cRwfpGyfawmh rwlEdkifbl;/

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&Sdcdk;OD;wifvsuf rif;acgif---------------------------

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'Dvdkqd koih f]rdkufu,f *sufqif\ qHyifpaom DNA udk ,lNyD; ½kyf&nf p½dkufponfjzihf olESihf cRwfpGyfwlaom 'kwd, rdkufu,f *sufqifudkqifh yGm;,lvdkY &EdkifNyD}vdkYqdk&if em;vnfykH rrSefbl;/ qHyif[m DNA

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229/ oBuFefaeYxl; t&ufrl; r½l;rrdkufoihf

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rdk;rdk;at;? puFmyl---------------------------

[kdwkkef;uoBuFef&JU t"dyÜm,fudk ynm&SifawG zGifhqdkxm;NyD;om;yg/ vdk&if;u


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229/ oBuFefaeYxl; t&ufrl; r½l;rrdkufoifh 745

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229/ oBuFefaeYxl; t&ufrl; r½l;rrdkufoifh 747746 t&Sifauvmo (USA) "r ®tar;tajzrsm;

awmh r*Fvm&SdwJh aeYxl; &ufjrwfygyJ/ i,fi,fu awm½GmrSmoBuFef okH;&ufvkH; bkef;BuD;ausmif;u &yfawmfrl qif;wkBuD;udk&wemvSnf;,mOfay: wifNyD; ½GmxJvSnhfvnf tylaZmfcHwm? vlawGu eHeufrSm qGrf;? ncsrf;rSm yef;qDrD; uyfvªylaZmfNyD; y&dwfy|mef;awG ½GwfzwfMuwmawGudk trSwf&rdw,f/ aeYv,faeYcif;tcsdefavmufyJ uav;eJY vli,f vlvwfydkif;tcsKdU ½dk;&maysmfyGJ ½TifyGJeJYtwl tcsif;csif; a&yufMuw,f/ r*Fvm&SdwJh &ufjrwf tcgrSmrdrdwdkY ,kHMunfrIt& aumif;w,fvdkY ,lqwJh tvkyfudk vkyfMuwmvdkY qdkEdkiftHh xifygw,f/ tJ'Dwkef;u tJ'Dae&mrsKd;rSm oBuFef&uftwGif; t&uf? zJ? avmif;upm; rMum;pzl;yg/

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t&Sifbk&m;?

1/ &[EÅmyk*¾Kdvfonf udavom pifMu,faomaMumihf trsKd;orD;\ rjrifoihfwmudk jrif&onhftwGuf &[EÅm tjrpfrS avQmrusEdkif[laom tqdkudk usrf;*ef udk;um;í ajzMum;ay;apvdkygonf/2/ avmuDpsmefudk &olrsm;onf taMumif; rnDñGwfvQif xdkpsmefrS avQmusEdkifaMumif;udkvnf; usrf;*efom"u odvdkygonf/

ausmfayg---------------------------

1) udavom 10 yg;vkH;udk t<uif;rJh y,fvdkufwJhtwGuf t&[EÅ (&[EÅm) jzpfoGm;ygw,f (ur ®|mef;ydkif;? tbd"r ®w¬o*F[)/'gaMumihf &[EÅm trnf&wJh yk*¾Kdvf[m vdifudpö tygt0if umrtm½kHtm;vkH; r&Sdawmhbl;/ tcgwpfyg;rSm &[EÅmBuD; t&SiftEk½k'¨grax&f[m c&D;oGm;&if; wnfcdkcef;ydkif&Sif trsKd;orD;wpfOD;&JUtcef;rSm usdef;&w,f/

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230/ avmuDpsmef rNrJykH


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olaumif;jzpfjim; rlxm;aumif;vsuf taygif;zsufonf/(awmifzDvmq&mawmf)

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231/ yxrqkH;odrf 751

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231/ yxrqkH;odrfZefe0g&D 9? 2012/----------------------------

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bkef;Ekdif---------------------------

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bkef;bkef; usef;rmygap/OD;csvsuf orD; pkjrwfEG,f

---------------------------

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232/ ewfESihf t&uf

3) q&mawmf[m vlawGqDu aiGtvªcH? uyÜd,udk aqmufNyD;om; taqmifeJY NcH0if;udkjyNyD; 0,fcdkif;&if rlvu aiGudk tvªcHrdvsufom; jzpfaevdkY ig;OD;vkH; rtyf/ 'gayr,hf ... trSwf (2) ykHpHtwkdif; tyfatmifvkyfvdkY &w,f/

4) q&mawmf[m vlawGqDu aiGudk tvªrcH? 'gayr,hf tvª&SifeJYtwl taqmufttkH ydkif&SifqD oGm;NyD; &[ef;udk,fwdkif ta&mift0,fudpö (aps;qpf? aps;qdkifponf)udk aqmif½Guf&if tJ'Dausmif;[m tJ'Dq&mawmf rtyfayr,hf tjcm;oDwif;okH;azmfawGtyfw,f/ (q&mawmf okH;EdkifzdkYqdk&if trSwf 2-ykHpHtwdkif;yJ vkyf&ygvdrfhr,f/ 0d-| 2? 277 vm ywåpwkuú tqkH;tjzwfudk rSD;ygw,f/ rudkufnDvQif 0denf;wwfod ynm&SdwdkY a0zefygukef/)

rokH;aumif;a½TaiGeJY udk,fwdkif 0,f,lwJh ypönf;om rtyfwm r[kwfbl;? vljrifavmufwJh tcsdefae&mrsKd;rSm ckwifay: rtdyfbJ ukvm;xdkifeJYxdkifjyvdkY vlawG txifBuD;NyD; vªwJh (vlawGudk txifBuD;atmifvkyfjyvdkY &vmwJh) ypönf;? NyD;awmh vmwJhvludk yef; opfoD; ponfeJY r[m,me bkef;BuD;awGvdk BudK;uGif; "mwfykH taqmifpwJhvufaqmifypönf; ay;NyD; wkHYjyefvufaqmif taeeJY&wJh ypönf;awGudk &[ef;wdkY rtyfpyf? tyfpyfatmif vkyfvdkYvnf; r&bl;/

acwfeJ YtnDqdk<uif;av;wpfck ... ywf0ef;usif ae&ma'o tajctaeay;&ifouFef;? tdyf&m? ckwif? acgif;tkH;? pmtkyf? uGefysLwmpwJh tNrJokH;ypönf; av;awGudk 0denf;eJYnDatmif tavhtusihf vkyfoihfygw,f/ oHCmtrsm;eJY oufqdkifwJh ausmif;taqmufttkH odrfausmif;vdk [mrsKd;uawmh 0denf;eJYnDatmif tvªU&Sif odkYr[kwfuyÜd,awGu ½dk;om;wJh apwemeJY vkyfay;Edkif&if toihfjrwfqkH;aygh/ 'Dodu©myk'fudk vdkufem usihfokH;&mrSm cg;awmif;usKdufNyD; igrS


vkyfcJhol yxrq&mawmfrSm ysHvGefawmfrloGm;NyD jzpfygonf/ aus;Zl;jyKí wynhfawmf\ oHo,udk y,fazsmuf ay;apvdkygonft&Sifjrwfbk&m;/ Bele Boon

---------------------------

edó*¾dtmywfedó*¾d = pGefYjcif;/ tmywf = 0denf;jypf/ ypönf;udk pGefYypf&wJhtjyif ygpdwfvdkYac:wJh 0denf;jypfvnf; oihfa&mufvdkY edó*¾dtmywfvdkY ac:w,f/ edó*¾dtmywf oifhapwJh odu©myk'f odkYr[kwf0denf;Oya' okH;q,f &Sdw,f/ 'gaMumihf odu©myk'ftvdkuf pGefYykHpGefYenf;eJY pGefY&wJh ypönf;vnf; trsKd;rsKd;&Sdw,f/

jzpfEd kifajc 4 rsK d;ar;cGef;t& bmaMumihf edó*¾dtmywf oihfw,fqdkwm rxif&Sm;bl;/ 'gaMumihf jzpfEkdifajc 4-rsKd;udk azmfjy&&if ...

1) ysHvGefawmfrl yxr q&mawmftaeeJY tJ'Dausmif;udk vlawGqDu aiGtvªcH? opf oH oGwf bdvyfajr ponfudk udk,fwkdif0,fNyD; aqmufvkyfcJh&if tJ'Dausmif;[m oDwif;okH;azmf ig;OD;(bdu©K? bdu©KeD? omraP? omraP&D? odu©rmef)vkH; rtyf? jyeftyfatmif vkyfvdkY&wJh enf;vrf; r&Sd/

2) q&mawmf[m vlawGqDu aiGtvªcH? aqmufNyD;om; taqmifeJY NcH0if;udk0,fNyD; bkef;BuD;ausmif; vkyfcJh&ifvnf; ig;OD;vkH;rtyf/ 'gayr,hf ... tJ'D taqmifeJYNcHudk rlvydkif&Siftm; jyefay;?tJ'DaiGudk jyef,lNyD; uyÜd,taeeJY tJ'D taqmif eJYNcHudk tyfatmifvkyfay;vdkY &w,f/ (Oyrm? bkef;BuD;u ydkif&Sifudk tmv,jywfjyefay;vdkuf/ ydkif&SifeJY uyÜd,u em;vnfrIeJY ta&mif;t0,f vkyfNyD; bkef;BuD;udk tJ'Dausmif;eJY NcHudk jyefvªwmrsKd;)/

233/ qdk<uif;eJYtwl 755

jzpfaomaMumihf ygPmwdygw? t'dE ém'ge? umarokrdp ämpm&? rkom0g'? ok&myge [laom 'kóDvuH ig;yg;wdkYonf rjzpfukef}vkdYrSwfom;&ygw,f/ 'Dpum;t& txufewfjynfawGrSm ig;yg;oDvNrJw,fvdkY qdkEdkifygw,f/ b,f txufewfbkHu prvJ/ wm0wðomuavm? ,mrmuavm qdkwmawmh pOf;pm;&tkH;r,f/

wm0wðom ewfjynfudk tpdk;&wJh odMum;rif;[m tol&mawGeJY ppfwdkufaMumif; qdkw,f (oH 1? 221)/ ppfwdkufwJh odMum;rif; (xdktcsdefu aomwmyefjzpf rjzpfrod) udk,fwkdif owfcsifrSowfrdrSm jzpfayr,hf ppfyGJqdkwJhtwdkif; olY&JU ppfom;awGu &efolYppfom;awGudk owfwmawG &SdEdkifw,f/ 'gaMumihf wm0wðomewftm;vkH; ig;yg;oDv NrJw,fvdkYawmh rqdkEdkifbl;/

rwkeJ Ytk H;tif; ... jrefrmvli,fawGrSmomru ewfjynfrSmawmif t&uffjyóem &Sdaeovm;yJ/ ewfawGvnf; t&ufaomufwmyJ qdkNyD;twkawmh r,leJYAsKdU/ tJ'D ewfawGu ewfaumif; r[kwf? ewfqdk;ewfrdp ämawG qdkwmudkvnf; owdjyKtkH;/

233/ qdk~uGif;eJYtwl

q&mawmf t&Sifbk&m;?

wynhfawmfonf awm&ausmif; wpfausmif;tm; edó*¾dtmywfoihfonf[k txif&Sdygonf/ edó*¾dtmywfoihfaom ausmif;tm;wpfzef tyfpyfatmif jyefvkyfvdkY &ygovm;/ &onfqdkvQif rnfodkYaqmif½Guf&rnfudk odvdkygonf/ ¤if;awm&ausmif;udk aqmuf


igqdk&if trsm;eJY tqifajyzdkY cufEdkifw,f/ ]0defn;[m 0denf;yJ?trsm; rdk;cg;a& aomufwdkif; udk,fyg vdkufraomufEdkifbl;} qdkcJh&if tnifomqkH; taeeJY ][efraqmifygeJY}vdkYyJ cGef;wkHY qdkyg&ap/ykxkZOf &[ef; wpfyg;taeeJY omref ywf0ef;usifeJY tajctaerSm227 vkH; vkHzdkY cufaMumif; &[ef;jrwfwdkY rodbJ aeyghrvm;/

234/ 'get`rGuf ½dkaopGm avQmufxm;tyfygonf t&Sifbk&m;?

ynmygaom tvªESihf ynmrygaom tvªudk cGJjcm; &Sif;jy ay;apvdkygonf t&Sifbk&m;/ ynmygaom tvªjzpfatmif rnfokdY jyKusihf&rnfudkvnf; oifMum;ay;awmfrlyg t&Sifbk&m;/

½dkaopGm &Sdcdk;vsuf rsKd;odrf;---------------------------

ynmyg ryg'geudk usihfpOftaeeJY ,kHMunfNyD;om; Ak'¨0g'DtwGuf 'getaMumif;udk t>rufrQ ajymjy&&if .. ]tvª'gejyKol&JU oEÅmefrSm tJ'Dtvªudpöjzpfay:atmif pdwfxJu vIHYaqmfay;wmudk 'geac:w,f (tbd-|1? 202)}/ ]vªzG,f ypönf;0w¬K &&SdcsdefupNyD; udk,fvkyfr,hf tvªudk pOf;pm;NyD; 0rf;ajrmufae&w,f/ vªqJrSmvnf; pdwfwuf<uae&w,f/ vªNyD;jyefawmhvnf; arharhaysmufaysmuf r[kwfbJudk,fhtvªudk rMumrMum qifjcif&w,f/ 'DokH;csufeJY jynfhpkH&ifatmifjrifwJh 'geygyJ (tH 2? 296)}/ 'DtqdkESpf&yft& tvªjzpfatmifvIHYaqmfrIrSm qifjcifwkHw&m;&Sd&if ]ynmygaomtvª}? rqifrjcif jzpfuwwfqef;qdk&if ]ynmrygaomtvª}vdkY qdkEdkifw,f/

234/ 'get>ruf 757

2) jynfywGif arG;zGm; BuD;jyif;rnhf rsKd;qufopf uav;rsm;tm;omoemh tarGudk qihfurf;Edkifygrnfvm;/

arwåmxm;í ajzMum;ay;yg&ef avQmufxm;tyfygonf/

½dkaovsuf rpl;---------------------------

ar;yg&aptJ'Dwdkif;jynfu wpfckwnf;aom tJ'Dausmif;rSm oDwif;okH;wJhwpfyg;wnf;aom tJ'D&[ef;&JU *kPf&nfawGu ar;cGef; 'kwd,pmydk'f azmfjycsuft& ]a'goBuD; vdrfnm ukef;wdkuf EIwfMurf; twif;ajym}jzpfvdkY ar;cGef; 1) udka&m 2) udkyg ]Edk;}vdkYyJ ajz&awmhhrSmyg/ ]arwåmxm;í}vdkY ygaewJhtwdkif; tJ'DvdkrsKd; vlwpfa,mufudk pHjyudk;uG,fcH rqdkxm;bd? oihftdrfaxmifbuf taeeJYauma½G;oihfovm;vkdY ar;prf;yg&ap/

avhusih fygoiftygt0if vltrsm; tifrwef MunfnKdvSygw,fqdkwJh emrnfausmf wpfa,mufeJY wpfvavmuf twlwl xJxJ0if0if aeMunfh&if ]qdkoavmuf r[kwfao;ygbl;}vdkY oihfpdwfxJrSm tawG;awG0ifvmEdkifw,f/ toufavmuf cspfygw,fqdkNyD; ,lcJhwJh oifh&JUtdrfaxmiffzufrSmawmif &ufvMumav cRwf,Gif;csuf awGUavr[kwfvm;/ tif; .. bkef;BuD;uawmh tJ'D vlYobm0udk t&Sdtwdkif; vufcHEdkifzdkY tJ'Dvdk tawG;rsKd;awG avsmhyg;atmif avhusihfw,f/ avhusihfrI wpfBudrff atmifjrifwkdif; ]ig rqdk;ao;bl;}vdkYawG;NyD; yDwdjzpf&w,f/ ratmifjrifwJh tBudrfvnf; &Sdygw,f/

OygvdxkH;q&maumif;eJY rqkHzl;vdkY? qkHrdonhfwdkif ADZt& pdwf"mwfa&;&mnhHaevdkY? vkdcsifpdwf vTrf;rdk;vdk pdwfawG rTefaevdkY? ]trsKd;,kwfol


udkyJ vª&ifawmh tvªYrdwfaqG? udk,fokH;wmxuf taumif; topfudk vª&if tJ'D vluawmh tvª0w¬K&JU ocifeJY wlvdkY tvªU&Sif('geywd) ('D-| 1? 266)}wJh/ 'Dvdk tvªU&SiftaeeJY vª&ifvnf;]ynmygaom tvª} jzpfrSmyJ/

ig;rsK d;vª]o'¨gyGm; av;pm;&m csdefcgrSwf ruyfNid rxdyg; ig;rsKd;vª olawmfaumif; (tH 2? 152)}/ 'geeJY 'ge&JU tusKd;udk ,kHMunfNyD; vª&w,f/ tvªudk av;pm;&w,f .. Oyrm tOD; topfudk vªjcif;?wd&dp ämef olawmif;pm;awGudk pGefYovdk rvkyfjcif;? tvªcHqDuwpfckck jyef&Edk; rarQmfudk;jcif;/ vª'gef;zdkY BuKHvm&if vufraES;&bl;/ vªNyD;aemuf BudK;eJY qGJxm;ovdk tvª0w¬Ktay: wG,fwmraebJ jywfom;&w,f/ Ouú| jzpfcsifvdkY? oD&dok"r ®bGJU &csifvdkYvªwm rsKd;vnf; rjzpf&bl;/ tJ'D olawmfaumif; vªenf; ig;rsKd;eJYvªEdkif &ifvnf; ]ynmygaom tvª} jzpfygvdrfhr,f/

235/ t&Sdtwdkif; wynhfawmfwdkY aexdkifaom wkdif;jynfwGif Ak'¨bmom jrefrmbkef;BuD;ausmif; wpfausmif;wnf;wGif &[ef;wpfyg;om &Sdygonf/

xdk&[ef;onf arwåmw&m; acgif;yg;wJhtjyif pum;rwnfvdrf vnfajymrI? ukef;wdkufNyD; rdwfcGJrI? Murf;wrf;pGm qJa&;rI?Nydefzsif;aom pum;udk qdkrI [laom 0pD'kp½dkuf av;yg;udk a&vJokH;vsuf &Sdygonf/ xdk&[ef;onf

1) oDvjzLpifygovm;? wdkif;wpfyg;a&muf omoemhacgif;aqmif pHjyyk*¾Kdvftjzpf udk;uG,foifhygovm;/

235/ t&Sdtwdkif; 759

tjrwfwef;tJ'D vIHYaqmfrIeJYtwl jzpfwJh tvªvkyfvdkwJh qE´? qkH;jzwfcsuf?vkHYvpdkufrIeJY qifjcifwkHw&m;awG&JU tnhH? tv,f? xufoeftajctaeawG[m 'ge&JU tusKd;udk jcm;em;apw,f/ *kPfowif;BuD;csifvdkY vª&if tnhH? wpfckck jyef&zdkY arQmfudk;&if tv,f? ]bmrSrarQmfvihfbJ 'ge[m olawmfaumif;awG jyK&r,hf tvkyf}qdkwJh todeJYvª&if tjrwf/ b0pnf;pdrfudk awmihfwNyD;vª&if tnHh? b0oHo&mrS vGwfajrmufa&;udk arQmfvihf&if tv,f? trsm;owå0gawG&JU aumif;usKd;twGuf oufoufeJY udk,fusKd;pGefYNyD; vª&iftjrwfqkH;vkdYvnf; qdkw,f/ 'gaMumihf tjrwfwef;pm; tvª jzpfEdkif&ifvnf; ]ynmygaom tvª}vkdY qdkcGihf&Sdw,f/

tvIY&Sifqifjcifp&mav;awG ... wpfreufrSm bkef;BuD;eJY &ifESD;wJh Ak'¨0g'Dr[kwfol wpfa,muf ajcusKd;aewJh ½kH;okH; pmyGJa[mif; wpfck ,lvmNyD; ajymykHu ]tdrfrSm topfwpfck 0,fvdkY? 'gudk bkef;BuD;ausmif; vmydkYwm? taumif;BuD; &Sdao;w,f} wJh/ (tar&durSmckwif? ul&Sif? a&cJaowåmysufvdk ypönf;a[mif;udk pGefYypf&wmcufw,f)/ ... vyGwåm &[ef;'um tdrfuae bkef;BuD; (tJ'Dwkef;u &[ef;okH;0g) &efukef jyefcgeD; wpfnaerSm &[ef;tr&JU rdwfaqG trsKd;orD; vmEIwfquf&if; ajymykHu ]a[m'D oufomqyfjymxkyfawG (ESpfxkyf) 0,fxm;wm MumNyD? tdrfrSmvnf; rokH;bl;? ODyÍöif; okH;zdkY ,loGm;vdkuf}wJh/ teD; rSm &SdaewJh &[ef;truESpfoufykHr&/ aemufaeYreuf aps;utjyef uwfvdkuf (q,fhESpfxkyf) 0,fvmjyNyD; ]armifyÍöif; wpfESpfvkH; okH;vdkY&w,f? rukef&iftjcm; bkef;BuD;awGyg vªaygh}wJh/

]udk,fu taumif;udk okH;NyD; olrsm;udk raumif;wm pGefY&iftJ'Dvl[m tvª0w¬K&JU uRefeJYwlvdkY tvªUuRef? udk,fokH; aewm


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]yaE¦ 'doGme umom0H?qÄ dwH rDVSru©dwH/od&o ®ð tÍÆvð uwGm?0E´dwAÁH £od'¨ZH/ (ty'ge 1? 52)/

rpifuyfaewJh pGefYypfcH ouFef;udk vrf;rSm jrif&&ifawmiftJ'D £odwHcGef (&[EÅm&JU atmifvH) ouFef;udk vufq,fjzm xdyfrSmrdk;NyD; &Sdcdk;yg\}vdkY 0denf; {w'*f& t&SifOygvd&JU xkH;twkdif; usihfokH;Edkifygap/

236/ Ak'¨0g'ESihf 'Drdkua&pD Zlvdkif 18? 2012/-------------------

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arrdk;ol--------------------------

236/ Ak'¨0g'ESihf 'Drdkua&pD 761

tmPmudk jynfolYxHrSm a½G;aumufyGJrsm;wGif EdkifiHa&; tzGJUaygif;pkHu awmif;cHí ,l&onf (Dr. armifarmif)}/

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236/ Ak'¨0g'ESihf 'Drdkua&pD 763

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rd kufaypGrMumcifu James Brown a&;wJh The Life & Times of Nelson

Mandela (e,fvfqif ref'Jvm;&JU b0eJYumv) pmtkyfi,fudk zwfNyD;wJhtcg taESmiftzGJU odkYr[kwf tusOf;tusyf umvtwGif;vlwpfa,muf&JU a,bk,s jrifuGif;udkvnf; EGm;jyif;vdkufcH&ovdkcHpm;rdw,f/ 'gudk udk,fwkdif b0tawGUtBuKHeJY touft½G,ft&vnf; ydkNyD; em;vnfvmw,f/ twå&Sd (igaumif olaumifNrJ) 0g'BuD; vTrfrdk;aewJh avmuudk twårJh (igaumif olaumif r&Sd)vdkYawmfvSef a[mMum;r,hf &SifawmfAk'¨[m Ak'¨jzpfcgprSm ]tE¨Dblawm= (avmuBuD;) rdkufaypG}vdkY okH;oyfcJhygw,f/ t0dZÆmvTrf;wJh ykxkZOf ur Çm[m bGJU'D*&D &mxl;*kPfodef b,favmufyJ BuD;ap jrifhap ]rvif;}vSbl; qdkwmawmh aocsmygw,f/ rvif;vdkYyJ tkyfpkawGuGJNyD; oligpGJawG jzpf&muae wdkufyGJawGqDxd OD;wnfMu&


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udkNzKd;--------------------------

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237/ rdkufrvif;EdkifvdkY

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238/ qifpG,fykwD;

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237/ rdkufrvif;EdkifvdkY 767

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239/ o'¨gvGef;ayr,hf


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239/ o'¨gvGef;ayr,hf 781

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ausmfausmf---------------------------

a[mMum;yk H&Sifawmf Ak'¨ om0w¬dNrdKUrSm oDwif;okH;cdkuf vufonf;cGHay:rSm oJudkwifNyD; ]&[ef;wdkY? vlavmurS aoí vljyefjzpfaom owå0gwdkYonf (vufonf;cGHay:rS ajruJhodkY) enf;vSukef\/ vltjzpfrSwyg;(tyg,fbkHwdkYü) jzpfMuaom owå0gwdkYonfomvQif (ajrBuD;ay:uajruJhodkY) tvGef rsm;ukef\ (oH 1? 454)}vdkY rdefYawmfrlygw,f/&Sifawmf Ak'¨ w&m;a[mwJhtcg a'oemudk wefqmqifwm? xif;ueJ &Sif;vif;oGm;atmif OyrmaqmifwmawG &Sdw,f/ 'DokwåefrSmqkH;rvdk&if;u vlYjzpfvm&wJh wefzdk;udk e,lol &[ef;awG &Sif;&Sif;jywfjywf rSwfrdoGm;apzdkY jzpfygw,f/ 'gaMumihf 'Dokwåef&JU aemufem;rSmyJ ]&awmihf&cJ vlYtjzpfudk &cdkufrSm rayghMueJY}vdkY a[mawmfrlwm jzpfygw,f/

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240/ vlOD;a&wdk;rIESihf Ak'¨0g' 783

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OD;wifuefawmhvsuf'g,dumr pef;pef;0if;? vrf;rawmf? &efukef/

--------------------

vª'gef;enf;olawmfaumif;wdkY&JU vªykHvªenf;u ]½dk½dkaoaovª? udk,fwdkifvª?pdwfygvufygvª? pGefYypfouJhodkY rvªbl;? tusKd;&Sdvdrhf rnf[k t,l&Sdívª (r 3? 74)}wJh/ ]½dkaoqdkwm tvª0w¬Kudk jzpfuwwfqef;rvkyfbl;/ tvªcHyk*¾Kdvfudkvnf; oyf&yf aumif;rGefwJh ae&mxdkifcif; ay;NyD; vª'gef;w,f/ ukd,fwdkifqdkwm udk,fhvufeJY vª&w,f?tdrfazmf taptyg;awGudk rcdkif;bl;/ pGefYypfr,fh twlwl bkef;BuD;ausmif;udk vªvdkufqdk&if rSefwJhtvªay;enf; r[kwf/ uH&JUtusKd;udk ,kHMunf&w,f (r-| 4? 54)/

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241/ rdom;pktvª

Mum;ygbl;/ 'gaMumihf Ak'üdk rqnf;uyfrdolawG taeeJY tqihfjrihfwJh orx 0dyóemudk tm;xkwfcGihf rom&ifawmif tenf;qkH;awmh tvª'ge? udk,fusihf oDvqdkwJh udk,fydkif Opömav;awGeJY b0oHo&mrSm vlYavmuqdkwJh ok*wdbkHXmeudk a&mufzdkY tcGihftvrf;&SdEdkifygao;w,f/

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omygw,ftJ'Dawmh enf;&muae wdk;vmw,fvdkY qdkqdk (qifhuJajymif;vJ jzpfpOf t&qdk&if ur ÇmhvlOD;a&[m oknu pcJhw,fvdkYawmif qdk&rSmyJ)? rwdk;ravsmhbJ uefYowf ta&twGuf twGif;u vljyefjzpfw,fqdkqdk txufyg &Sifawmf Ak'¨&JU a[mMum;csuf[m aoG;cJwpfck odkYr[kwf vlYeH½dk;wpfacsmif;udk tokH;jyKNyD; jzpfapownf;qdkwJhwpfcGef;wnf;eJY vludk zefqif;w,f qdkwmxufawmh 'óet&a&m ,kwådt&yg trsm;BuD; omvGefw,fvdkY em;vnfNyD; Ak'¨0g'Db0av;udk xdef;odrf;xm;vdkufyg/

240/ vlOD;a&wdk;rIESihf Ak'¨0g' 785

aumif;jcif; qdk;jcif;qdkwm ,cif,ckaemif umvokH;yg;vkH; twlwlygyJ/ 'D,kH Munfcsuf ESvkH;oGif;udk &ifrSmydkufNyD; qufvuf pOf;pm;Munhfr,fqdk&if ...

b0okH;rsK d;Ak'¨0g'[m 'Dur Çmajravmufudkom jrifwJh0g' r[kwfbl;/ 'Dur Çmajr&JU tjyifrSm pMu0VmawG teEÅ (ra&wGufEdkif)? tJ'D pMu0VmawGrSmaexdkifwJh ouf&SdawG teEÅ rsm;jym;w,fvdkY ,kHMunfw,f/tJ'D ,kHMunfrIt& umr(tyg,f? vl? ewf)? ½ly(½kyf&SdjA[ ®m)? t½ly(½kyfrJhjA[ ®m)qdkwJh b0awG&Sdw,f/ 'Dur ÇmajrrSmyJ ajray:ajratmufeJY a&atmufawGrSm owå0g teEÅ (ra&wGufEdkifatmif) &Sdygw,f/olwdkYxJrSm vljyefjzpfzdkY tcGihftvrf; omolawG trsm;BuD; &SdEdkifwmyJ/ tJ'D owå0gawG þavmu vlYabmifudk vma&mufcGifh r&Sdbl;vdkY qdkEdkiftHhvm;/ rMumcifu MunfhrdwJh Documentary wpfckt& 'Dur Çmajray:u ouf&SdawG[m OuúmcJawGvdk tjcm;N*dK[fwpfckuae yJhusvmwJh tydkif;tpeJY twlygvmwJh ZD0oabmygwJhqJvfuae vlESihfwuG ur ÇmhN*dK[fom; owå0gawGtjzpf wjznf;jznf; wdk;wuf ajymif;vJcJhwm jzpfEdkifw,fqdkwJh odyÜHrSef;qcsufeJYaum reD;pyfbl;vdkY qdkEkdifrvm;/

tcGih ftvrf;,aeY rdrdudk,fudk Ak'¨0g'Dyg qdkolawG&JU 'ge oDv bm0em vufawGU usihfBuHrI twdkif;twmudk Ak'¨bmom r[kwfolawGeJY udk,fhpdwfxJrSm t½dk;cH pdwfrSefxm;NyD; EdIif;,SOfMunfh&if ... tif;? olwdkYxJrSmvnf; igwdkY rd½dk;zvm Ak'¨0g'Dqdkolxuf jzpfap? tppftrSefAk'¨0g'Dyg qdkolawGxuf jzpfap rnhHolawG trsm;BuD; &Sdygvm;vdkYtrSeftwdkif; jrifEdkifvdrfhr,f/ &Sifawmf Ak'üvnf; ]ighudk r,kHolawG tm;vkH; jyefvrf;rJh xm0&i&Judk oGm;ayawmh}vdkY vkH;0ra[m


awGudkvnf; vkyfwwfatmif vkyfcsifatmif oifMum;NyD; tarGay;cJhyg/ tJ'g[m tEIdif;rJh BuD;jrwfwJh omoemjyK ukodkvfyg/ udk,fwdkif csufjyKwfNyD; cifyGef;eJY om;orD;awGudk vª'gef;zdkY pDrHay;wmrsKd;uvnf; rdom;pktwlwl 0dkif;vkyfwJh ukodkvfygyJ/ cifyGef;eJY om;orD;awGtaeeJY azmfjyNyD; olawmfaumif;wdkY&JU vªenf;twdkif; vkdvdkvm;vm; ulnDaqmif½Guf&if rdom;pktm;vkH; xyfwlukodkvf&Edkifygw,f/

rSefygw,f]£'H ar yknH edAÁmeó ypöa,m a[mwk = þaumif;rIonfedAÁmef\ taxmuftyHh jzpf&ygap}qdkwm t½dk;qkH; *E ¦0if qkawmif;yg/ 'gavmufqdk vkHavmufygw,f/ qE´&Sd&ifawmh ukodkvfjyKNyD;wdkif; rdom;pk usef;rma&;? tBuHtpnf ... ponftwGuftxl; &nf½G,fNyD;awmhvnf; qkawmif;aumif;ygw,f/

242/ vuftkyfcsDyg oDv&SifESihf vl0wfaMumif trsKd;orD; rnfolu ydkNyD; jrihfjrwfygovJ t&Sifbk&m;/ ½dkaopGm avQmufxm;ygap t&Sifbk&m;/

wynhfawmf odjrif rSwfom;zl;onfrSm om;i,fav; udk&if0wfNyD; vQifNyD;csif; bmoma&;t& jrihfjrwfonfudk MunfnKdaomtm;jzihf rdbESpfyg;u jyKopfp om;udk&ifudk &Sdcdk;OD;csMuygonf/vlomref wdkYxuf oDvw&m;udk usihfBuHaeMuaom oDv&Sifav;rsm;\ ar;zsm;udkudkifNyD; EIwfqufonhf trlt&m odkYr[kwf cspfcifrIudk azmfjyonhf trlt&mrsKd;udk jyKrloihfygovm;/ xdkodkYjyKrlygu

242/ vuftkyfcsDyg 787

qifjcifp&mi,fpOftcg ½GmrSmwkef;u ]a[h ... udk&if? [dkyef;uefudk cP,lcJhprf;}vdkY 'umwpfOD;u qGrf;pm;ausmif;rSm oHCmhqGrf;jyif wm0efuswJh omraPudk toH cyfus,fus,feJY apcdkif;wJhtcg q&mawmfu xkd'um tdrfjyefcgeD; ckZÆKwå&mtaMumif; ajymjywmudkbkef;BuD; rSwfrdaew,f/

eef;wGif;ol trsKd;orD; wpfa,muf cg;ukef;awmfrlwJh yapöuAk'¨gudk jrifwJhtcg apmifydkif;udk ouFef;0wfovdk udk,frSm ywf? tJ'DyapöuAk'¨gvdk vrf;avQmufjyNyD; ajymifavSmifw,f/ 'DtrsKd;orD;yJuóybk&m; vufxufrSm omraP&D wpfyg;udk ol0wfr,fhvufaumufudk ,lcdkif;zl;jyefw,f/ tJ'D tukodkvf ESpfckaMumihfa*gwrAk'¨ vufxufrSm cg;ukef;wJh Owå&m (ckZÆKwå&m) trnfeJYtaptyg; (aus;uRef) jzpfvmowJh (t-| 1? 338)/ b0wpfckrSm yapöuAk'¨gawGudk jyKpkvkyfauR;zl;wJh ukodkvfaMumifh ckZÆKwå&mb0rSm aomwmyefawmh jzpfoGm;ygw,f ("r ®y'-| 1? 144)/

tcsKyfuawmh MunfnKd av;pm;p&m yk*¾KdvfeJY xdkufwefwJhtjyKtrlrsKd;udk tJ'D oDv&Sifav;awGudk jyojcif;jzihf olwdkYav;awG&JU b0udk `rSihfwif&m vnf;us? udk,fwdkifvnf; omoemjyK ukodkvf&? jrif&olwdkYvnf; twk,lzG,fjzpfvdkY tm;vkH; NyKH;aysmfEdkifrnfjzpfaMumif;yg/

0goemxGwf aumif;&mñGwfom; oljrwfwdkYESifh tBudrfoihfíqdkcGifhqdk&m &Sdaomcgrl okbmodw yd,"r®m opöm[kwfrSef tifav;wefESihf jyñTefxkH;aumif; rMum;awmif;udk usKd;aMumif;nDpGmÓmPfynmjzifh pdwfjzmcGJa0 ,SOfEdkifap (*rÇDom&ysKdU? ykd'f-8)/


p&myg/ oDv&Sif wpfyg;tjzpf cufcJpGm &yfwnf Mu&ygvsuf&[ef;oHCmawGudk qGrf;0wf rjywfavmif;vªwm? yÍöif;trtjzpfcH,lNyD; omoemudk axmufyHhwmawG &Sdw,f/ tifrwef MunfnKdav;pm;xdkufolawGyg/

tJ'Dvdk em;vnfvdkY oDv&Sifausmif;wdkufudk oGm;a&muf avhvm MunfnKd tm;ay;wJh um,uH&Sif trsKd;orD;udk bkef;BuD;wdkYtifrwef av;pm;ygw,f/ ]MunfnKdxdkufol? MunfnKdrl? rSwf,lr*Fvm}vdkYyJ qdkyg&ap/ aemifvnf; rMumrMum oGm;a&muf tm;ay;zdkY EId;aqmfygw,f/ rdrdwdkY omoem pnfyifomatmif rdrdwdkYuyJ tm;ay;&r,f r[kwfygvm;/

þav;oD;udkbkef;BuD; tck The Definitive Book of Body Language udk zwfaew,f/tjyifudk,fum, tjyKtrlawGudk t"dyÜm,f zGihfqdkNyD; tcsKdU tjyKtrlawG&JU jrif&oltay: oufa&mufrI jcm;em;ykHudk EdkifiHeJY vlrsKd;tvdkuf azmfjywJh pmtkyfyg/ Oyrm ajcaxmufeJY xdk;ñTefjy cH&wJhtcg jrefrmwdkY&JU cHpm;rIu b,fvdk? tjcm;vlrsKd;u b,fvdk ... ponfaygh/ jrefrmh Body Language t& oli,fcsif; rdwfaqG odkYr[kwfcspfol&nfpm; tcsif;csif; acgif;udk yGwfoyfwm? ar;zsm;udk udkifwmawGu cspfcif MuifemrI&JU oauFw Edkifjzpfayr,hf odem;vnfwJh t½G,frSm cspfvdkYqdkNyD; rdrdwdkY av;pm;wJh tazhacgif; ar;zsm;ponfudk om;orD;u udkif&if tjrifrawmfbl;vdkY ,lqw,f/

tJ'DvdkyJ t½dktaocH yk*¾KdvfawG&JU acgif;? ar;zsm;? yckH;ponfudk cspfMunfnKdaomfjim; rudkifaumif;bl;vdkY ,lqw,f/ &[ef;?omraP? oDv&Sif qdkwmawGu i,fayr,hf jrefrmwdkYu ½dkaoav;pm;p&m vuftkyfcsDp&m yk*¾KdvftaeeJY ,lqMuw,fav/ 'gaMumihf ]rif; a>r &[ef; rD; þav;oD;udk i,faomfvnf; raygh&}vdkY qkH;rMuw,f/ 'gav;udkawmh owdxm;aygh/

242/ vuftkyfcsDyg 789

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½dkaopGmjzihf udkrsKd; (burmeseclassic taxGaxG wm0efcH)---------------------------

oDv&SifoDvudk tNrJ xdef;apmihfwJhtwGuf oDv&JU ydkif&Sif oDv&JU t&Sifocif[m oDv&SifygyJ/ oGifjyifudk Munhfyg/ vSyysKdrspfqJ t½G,frSmtrsKd;orD;wdkY&JU tvSwefqm qHauomudk &dwfy,f? pdefa½T &wem ykwD; vufaumuf rqifjref;? EIwfcrf;eD rdwfuyf rjc,fobJzef&nfpGef; t0wfudk 0wf½kHNyD; ½dk;&Sif;wJh b0av;eJY aysmfarGUMuolawG/ omrefwdkY vkyfEdkiftHhavm/ apmihfxdef;wJh oDvu &Spfyg; odkYr[kwf udk;yg; odkYr[kwf q,fyg;rQom jzpfayr,hf trSefawmh oGifjyifudku jrihfjrwfaeygw,f/ bdu©KoHCm (&[ef;tzGJUtpnf;)uom oabmwl cGihfjyKr,fqdk&if touf ESpfq,f jynhfNyD;olawGubdu©KeD (&[ef;rdef;r)? rjynfhao;olawGu omraP&D (omraPr)awG jzpfaeMurSm/

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vif;xuf---------------------------

em;vnfrIESpfvavmuf qufwdkuf w&m;xdkifvdkufNyD;&if 'DcE¨mudk,frSm taumiftxnftaeeJY vufqkyfvufudkif jyEdkifwJh xm0& wnfNrJwJht&m bmrSr&Sdbl;qdkwJh a&;a&;&dyf&dyf todwpfckudk tJ'D w&m;xdkifjcif;rSwpfqihf vufawGU &&SdEdkifw,f/ ]ololigig r&Sdbl;}qdkwmtJ'Dvdk 0dyóemÓmPfeJY odwmrsKd;udk &nf½G,fwm jzpfygvdrfhr,f/NyD;awmh ]vkyfaqmifjcif; trIuHudkvkyfwJh yk*¾Kdvfqdkwmr&Sd/ tusKd;udk cHpm;olvnf; r&Sd/ taMumif;aMumihf jzpf&wJh tusKd;w&m; tqufqufrQom jzpfw,f (0dok'¨d 2? 237)}qdkwJh oDtdk&Dt& ]rdrdvkyfaqmifzefwD;wJh ukodkvf tukodkvfawG&JU tusKd;taeeJY aemifb0rSm jyefjzpf&w,f}vdkY em;vnf&if em;vnfrI rSefw,f/

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zwfoifhtaxGaxG Ak'¨bmom A[kokwtaeeJYqdk&if omoemawmf xGef;um;jyefYyGm;a&;u xkwfa0wJh ]Ak'¨bmomaumif;wpfa,muf} pmtkyfudk ñTef;yg&ap/ pmtkyfemrnfu tdrfaevlrsm;pk onf;ajcBudKuf r[kwfEdkifayr,fh rBuD;vGef; rus,fvGef;bJ ½dk;½dk;av;eJYrSefuefwJh tawG;tjrifudk ay;Edkifwm aocsmygw,f/ bkef;BuD;uawmh r[mpnfq&mawmfbk&m;BuD;&JU 0dyóem usrf;pmawmfawGudk tzwft½I rsm;ygw,f/ t*Fvdyfusrf;pmtaeeJY oD[dkVfq&mawmf t&Sifem&'&JU A Manual of Buddhism ESihf tar&duef Ak'¨0g'D[ife&D tufpf tdkvfaumhwf&JU The Buddhist Catechism usrf;pmawGu ax&0g' Ak'¨bmom&JU tESpfom&udk ikHrdNyD; zwf&wmvnf;rcufvGef;vdkY bkef;BuD;qdk&if xyfcgxyfcg jyefzwfygw,f/


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0g0gatmif---------------------------

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249/ ywåd'ge "m&Py&dwf

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arrD---------------------------

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250/ "m&Py&dwf 813

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250/ "m&Py&dwf

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251/ tdrfydkif*gxm

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253/ aq;rifaMumif

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rdk;rrrsKd;azoef;---------------------------

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252/ olwdkYu tJ'DvdkBuD;

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---------------------------

aoNyD;aemuf i&Judk usdef;ao usapwJh uHig;rsKd; (yÍömeEÅ&d,uH)t& rdbudk owfoleJY Ak'¨&JU ajcrudk aoG;pdrf;wnf atmifvkyfoltjypftwlwl jzpfygw,f/ 'gaMumifh Ak'ëJYrdbwdkY&JU aus;Zl;udkvnf;twlwlvdkYyJ a,bk,s qdk&vdrfhr,f/ rdbqdkwmu 'Dom;'DorD;twGufygyJ/ jrwfpGmbk&m;usawmh rdbaqGrsKd; &efol rdwfaqG rcGJjcm;bJ avmutm;vkH;&JU tusKd;pD;yGm;udk vrf;ñTefvdkY ydkNyD; BuD;rm;us,fjyefYw,f/ 'gayr,hf tusKd;eJY tjypfqdkwJh t&nftcsif;usawmh jrpfa&eJY ork'´&ma& tief"mwfcsif; wlovdkygyJ/

aemufwpfrsKd; ajym&&if avmurSm udk,fusihfoDv jynhfpkH?om;orD;udk cspfjrwfEdk;NyD; wm0efauswJh rdbawG&Sdw,f/ tusihfysuf? ESdyfpuf? om;orD;tay: wm0efrJh? vrf;rSm; ydkYay;wJh rdbrsKd;vnf; &SdMuwmyJ/ 'DESpfrsKd;rSm yxr rdbrsKd;&JU aus;Zl;u ydkBuD;rSmaygh/ 'kwd, rdbrsKd;usawmh jrwfpGmbk&m;eJY wef;wlxm;&rSmcufom;vdkY pOf;pm;zG,f &Sdaaeayr,hf vlvm;ajrmufatmif apmihfa&Smuf auR;arG;jcif;qdkwJh aus;Zl;&JU tiefowåduawmh wlEdkifw,fvdkY qdkzG,f&SdaMumif;yg/

w&m;vufvGwf iSufawmifuRwf 0#fESihf ruif;NyD/

(xG#facgifq&mawmf)

255/ Ak'ËSihfrdb Controversy

This book generated immediate attention and enduring controversy..

It challenged the longstanding tradition that Jesus stayed in Israel

all his life. Perhaps the biggest problem was no one could confirm

the existence of the documents or even that Notovitch visited the

Tibetan monastery where he stayed some months. In some books

written by later reserchers, it is said that the follow up visits by

various investigators shortly after the publication could not verify

Notovitch’s claim (Ref: Lost years of Jesus, Elizabeth Clare).

257/ Asm'dwfcHcGihf ½dkaopGm avQmufxm;tyfygonf t&Sifbk&m;?1/ aomwmyefawG aoNyD;aemuf ewfjynfudk wef;a&mufw,fvdkYajymygw,f/ aemufxyfvnf; umrbkHrSm 7 b0yJ usifvnfawmhr,fvdkY Mum;zl;ygw,f/ aomwmyefawG aoNyD;aemuf ewfjynfudkroGm;bJ vlYjynfrSm jyefNyD; usifvnfwm &Sdygovm;/ bmaMumihfygvJ/ vlYjynfudk rusifvnfawmhbl; qdk&ifvnf; baMumifhqdkwmudk odvdkygonf/2/ aemufyGihfr,hf t&darawå,s bk&m;avmif;[m a*gwr jrwfpGmbk&m;xHrSm Asm'dwfcH,l r,lodvdkygonf/ bmaMumihfygvJ/ rnfolawG a*gwr jrwfpGmbk&m;xHrS bk&m;jzpfrnf[laom Asm'dwfudkcH,lcJhzl;ygovJ t&Sifbk&m;/

aus;Zl;wifygonf/ Shadow Man

---------------------------


glare eyes. 'No, I am sorry, Sir. I just wanted to know where he was

and what he was doing during these years.' 'He was just a carpenter

in Nazareth, the capital of Israel.' 'Thank you, Sir.' Then we stopped

conversation and I covered my yellow robe with the black long coat

which every one must ware to enter the main GOC.

No evidence

We should understand and respect him. No one can be satisfied

with accepting the founder of their religion to be a disciple of a

different religious teacher. There also is no evidence that we can

say Jesus Christ arrived in India or no name equivalent to him in

Tipitaka scriptures which belong to our Theravada Buddhist

tradition. Joseph the husband of Mary, of whom was born Jesus

before they came together, was a carpenter. And Luke says, 'He

(Jesus) went down with them (his parents) and came to Nazareth,

and was subject unto them (Luke 2:51)'. If Jesus lived together with

his parents there, I think that what the Greek Orthodox monk said is

very possible.

Original source

I think the original source of this issue may be based on the book

entitled 'The Unknown Life of Jesus Christ' written by Nicolas

Notovitch over a hundred years ago. I got a copy of this book when

I was in Burma (1999). According to introduction, Notovitch traveled

in Tibet after the Russo-Turkish war of 1877-78 and there he

contended a chief lama who made available to him an old

manuscript relating to the travels of Jesus in India and Tibet. Then

he translated it from Pali (as much as I can remember, not from

Sanskrit) and published the book mentioned. Some other Internet

sources assume that the author was probably born a Jew but

converted to Russian Orthodoxy and also a journalist and wrote

some political books in both Russian and French.

256. Jesus to the East? 821

Dear Sayadaw,

I have watched some doctomentry videos from Youtube which

prove that Jesus was traveling in India during his missing years or

some videos demonstrate that he was a Buddhist monk. Those

videos are made by the credible sources such as BBC or Indian

government. It becomes controversial among the religious people.

Do Sutta or Vinaya Pitaka say anything about Jesus being a

Buddhist monk or traveling in India? Do you believe this is true or

do you have any other ideas based on this controversial issue?

Regards, Eh Dah

-------------------------------

Tucson GOC

Mid fall of 2003, I visited Greek Orthodox Church in Tucson,

Arizona. There I met a responsible monk and had a conversation

with him. When I asked him to explain about the Church I am not

familiar with, he told me the creation theory first, then the coming

of Messiah Jesus and GOC, and concluded saying Roman Catholic

group betrayed Christians.

Conversation

After listening to his long lecture, I got a chance to have him some

questions. 'Reverend, did you mean God created the world in 4004

BC? 'Yes, exactly'. 'Is it copped with what the modern scientists say

today?' 'No, we don't care what they say. Their knowledge is very

narrow and what they say is totally wrong.' 'Thank you, Reverend,'

said I and continued 'May I ask you just one another question, if

you don't mind? 'Sure'. 'Could you explain about the life of Jesus

Christ between the age of 12 and 30, please? 'Did you want me to

say Jesus went to India or Tibet to learn Buddhism?' asked he with

256. Jesus to the East?

Decmber 3, 2012. ------------------

ajzNyD;om;1/ aomwmyef wnfNyD;aemuf ewfjynfudk wef;a&mufw,fvdkYAk'¨tbd"r ®mrSm rqdkygbl;/ þusrf; (pm? 601-603)udk jyefzwfMunhf&if 'Dar;cGef;&JU tajztwGuf vkHavmufr,fvdkY ,lqygw,f/

rawGUzl;yg2/ vlwdkY&JUtouf &Spfaomif;wrf;jzpfr,hf aemifwpfcsdef 'Dur Çmay:rSm t&darawå,s bGJJUtrnfeJY Ak'¨bk&m;wpfql yGihfawmfrlOD;r,f qdkwJh a*gwrAk'¨&JU >ruf[csufudk usrf;*ef('D 3? 63)rSm awGUzl;ayr,hf arawå,s odkYr[kwf tjcm; trnfwpfck&SdwJh bk&m;avmif;u a*gwrAk'¨xHrSm Asm'dwfcHw,fqdkwJh tqdkrsKd;? odkYr[kwf wpfpkHwpfa,mufudk a*gwrAk'ü aemiftcg þrnfaombGJUtrnfeJY Ak'¨jzpfvmr,fqdkwJh >ruf[csufrsKd;udkawmh rawGUzl;ao;yg/

a*gwrAk'¨ avmif;vsm[m 'DyuF&m jrwfpGmbk&m;rSpNyD; av;oacsFESihf ur Çmwpfodef; umvtwGif; yGihfawmfrlMuwJh bk&m;&Sif21 qlxHrSm Asm'dwfcHcJhw,f/ aemufqkH; 'Db'úr ÇmrSm a*gwrAk'¨rwdkifcif yGihfawmfrlMuwJh bk&m;okH;ql xHrSmvnf; Asm'dwfcHcJhwmyJ/'gaMumihf usrf;*efrSm rawGUzl; odkYr[kwf usrf;*efrSm rygayr,hft&darawå,s Ak'ävmif;vsmvnf; a*gwrAk'¨xHrS Asm'dwfcH,lcJhzG,f&Sdw,f? Asm'dwfcHcGihf t*Fg&yfawGeJY jynhfpkHNyD;jzpfwJh tjcm;yk*¾KdvftcsKdUvnf; a*gwrAk'¨xHrS Asm'dwf &zG,f&Sdw,fvdkY ,lqaMumif;yg/

Asm'dwfcHcGih fAk'¨xHrS Asm'dwfcH,lol jynhfpkH&r,fh t*Fg&Spf&yf &Sdw,f ..1/ vlZmwf pifppfjzpfjcif; 2/ a,musfm; pifppfjzpfjcif; 3/ xdkb0rSmyif tvdk&Sd&if t&[wår*fzdkvfudk &EdkifwJh ukodkvfxl; &Sdjcif; 4/Ak'¨bk&m; wpfqludk rsufjrif'd| zl;awGU&jcif; 5/ ur ®0g'D (uHuH&JUtusKd;udk ,kHMunfol) &Sif&aohjzpfjcif; 6/ psmeformwf&Spfyg; tbd

257/ Asm'dwfcHcGihf 823

bkef;BuD; awG;rdwmuawmh .. (t&DZdk;em;jynfe,fwuúodkvf(ASU)rSm ynmoifaewJh puFmylarG; w½kwfuav;u w½kwfpum; rwwfygqdkvdkY cifAsm;&JU First Language (rdcifbmompum;)u bmvJvdkY ar;awmh English wJh/ 0gusrSefrSef tokH;tEIef;rSefrSefa&;wwfayr,hf olYt*Fvdyf toHxGufeJY av,lavodrf;u 'Du(tar&du) vlawGeJY wjcm;pD/ qdkygawmh The udk ',fvdkY toHxGufw,f/ NyD; .. Did you eat .. LA? wJh/ 0gustqkH;u tJ'D ]vm;}qdkwmBuD;uvnf; ygao;/ 'gaMumihf olwdkYudk Senglish vdkY ajymMuwmaygh/ jrefrmygVdoHuvnf; Senglish jzpfaeavovm;/

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2) ygVdpmayudk ususee roif,lzl;wJhtwGuf tjzwftawmufudk rodem;rvnfvdkY/ 'Dyk*¾KdvfrsKd;u i,fpOfu ykHpHtwdkif;½Gwfae&if; y&dowfa&SUudk a&mufvmwJhtcsdef olrsm;qDrSm enf;rcHcsif? udk,fwdkifvnf; b,fvdk trSefjyif½Gwf &r,fqdkwmudk rod?odatmifvnf; rBudK;pm;? trSef jyifoihfw,f jyif&r,fvdkYawmifawG;rdykHr&bJ ypfxm;vdkufvdkY rSm;&wm/

jzpfapcsifemrnfBuD; "r ®uxdutcsKdU ],lyg,'eH .. ,om,'eH .. £'rÜdAka'¨ ,'eH yPDwH}vdkY toHxGufwm Mum;awmh tvGefyJ em;0ifrcsKdvSbl;/ t&yfxJrSmajymawmh Senglish eJY ,lyg,kH(½lyg½kH)? ysifnm


,eJY& t"dyÜm,f b,favmuf jcm;em;ovJ/ jrefrmu ]yuf} ]yif}]ywf}udkawmh ]ysuf? ysif? yswf}vdkY toHrxGufbJ ]ypf}usrS rsufESmvdkufNyD; ]yspf}jzpfoGm;w,f/ ygVdrSmawmh rsufESmvdkufvdkY r&bl;/ cudk powf ]cpf}vdkY toHxGufovdk yudkpowfvnf; ]..}ygyJ/ jrefrmvdk b,favmuf ]ypfypf} &w,f/ ygVdusawmh ]rypfrcwf}ygeJY/ bkef;BuD;taeeJY tvGefBuD; rjyif rwnf;jzwfbJ a&S;rltwdkif;udkyif tjzwftawmuf toHxGuf tvGef rSefuef yDopGm½Gwfzwf o&ZÑm,fawmfrlwJh rif;uGef; q&mawmfBuD;&JU y&dwfacGawGudkyJ twk,lNyD; ½Gwfzwfygw,f/

ygVdtoHxGufeJY ywfoufNyD; zDvifwpfck &SdaewmMumNyDjzpfvdkYtckvdkar;awmh Emotion jzpfNyD; enf;enf; &SnfvdkufygtkH;r,f ..

ygVdzDvifygVdbmom&JU rl&if;u rZÑdra'o (tdE´d,tv,fydkif;)jzpfNyD; tJ'Duae tdE´d,awmifydkif;? oD&dvuFm? tJ'Daemuf jrefrm? ,dk;',m;?uar Çm'D;,m;? vmtdkbufodkY c&D;qefYcJhaMumif;eJY o'éDwdusrf;(at'D 12 &mpk)udk ra&;rD ESpfwpf&mcefY tvGefu jrefrmEdkifiHodkYygVdpmay a&muf&SdaMumif; okawoDwdkY qdkygw,f/ jrefrmwdkY ygVdpmayudk oif,lcGifh&cJhwm ESpfwpfaxmifavmufvdkY cefYrSef;Edkifwmaygh/

jrefrmEdkifiHrSwpfyg; ygVdbmom oGm;av&m EdkifiHtm;vkH;rSm ygVdtoHxGuf tvGef eD;pyfpGm wlnDMuygw,f/ 'gaMumihf vGefcJhwJhESpfwpf&mausmfurS ygVdbmomudk avhvm wwfajrmufvmMuwJhjyifopfeJY t*FvdyfwdkY&JU Roman t*Fvdyftu©&meJY a&;xm;wJh ygVdpmudk toHxGufNyD; ¤if;wdkY zwfEdkifMuw,f/ jrefrmawG&JU ygVdtoHxGufu Ak'¨&JU ygVdtoHxGufeJY wlw,fvdkY odMum;rif;uawmifaxmufcHaMumif; jrefrmynm&SdwdkY rTef;qdk a&;om; ajymqdkMuayr,hf bmaMumihf tjcm;olawGeJY tJ'gavmuf wpfjcm;pD rwlrnDjzpfae&ovJ qdkwmawmh wu,fyJ pOf;pm;p&myg/

258/ rypfMueJY 825

nmOfig;yg;ESihf jynhfpkHjcif; 7/ oufawmfxif&Sm; Ak'¨bk&m;&Siftm;udk,ftoufudk pGefYvª&JwJh ukodkvfxl; &Sdjcif; 8/ pMu0VmwdkufvkH;jynhfaewJh rD;usD;vSHoGm;udk yrmrxm; ul;cwfoGm;íyif oAÁnKKAk'¨tjzpfudk &,lvdkwJhtxd qE´jyif;jyjcif;/

258/ rypfMueJY

t&Sifbk&m;?

y|mef;udk ½GwfzwfwJhae&mrSm toHxGufwmudk r&Sif;rvif;jzpfaevdkY avQmufxm; ar;jref;tyfygonfbk&m;/]ypöa&m}rSm ygwJh ]ypf}udk MumeDuefq&mawmfu ]jypf} (t*Fvdyfvdk teD;pyfqkH; aygif;Munhf&if Pyit)vdkY toHxGufygw,f bk&m;/rif;uGef;q&mawmfbk&m;BuD;uawmh ]ypf}(t*Fvdyfvdk teD;pyfqkH;aygif;Munhf&if Pit)vdkY toHxGufygw,fbk&m;/ rnfonhf toHxGufu rSefonfudk odvdkygonf bk&m;/

okH;Budrf OD;cdkuftyfygonfbk&m;/oef;xGef;OD;

--------------------------

],}]&}uGJap]ypöa&m} r[kwfbl;/ ]ypöa,m}yg/ ygVd½Gwfzwf o&ZÑm,fwmudk0goemyg&if t&ifqkH; ],}eJY]&}udk uGJatmif rjzpfrae toHxGufavhusihfyg/ Oyrm .. o&P = udk;uG,f&m? o,e = tdyf&m ..


(ynm)? ,'em (&wem)? ypönf; (yspfpnf;) .. &ygw,f/ 'gayr,hfy&dwfy|mef; "r ®pMumvdk Ak'¨0pe ygVdawmfawGudk ½GwfzwfwJhtcgjrefrmhenf;eJY yk'fygXf tjzwftawmufeJY toHxGuf uav;awmhrSefrSefuefuef yDyDoo jzpfapcsifaMumif;yg/

259/ owfrd&iftjypf

q&mawmf t&Sifjrwfbk&m;? OD;xdyfyefqif ½dkaopGm ar;avQmuftyfygonf/

1) bk&m;&Sif vufxufu t*Fkvdrmv[m vlowf vufñId;jzwfNyD;aemuf bk&m;ESihfawGUvdkY &[ef;jyKNyD;wJhtcg &[EÅmjzpfoGm;ygovm;/ tJ'D tukodkvfuHawGu tusKd;ray;awmhbJ ta[moduH jzpfoGm;ygovm;/

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5) aoapcsifwJh pdwfeJY wpfBudrfowfwmeJY tBudrfBudrf owfwm tjypftav;taygh uGmjcm;ygovm;/

259/ owfrd&iftjypf 827

3) oDcsif;qdkwJh bkef;BuD;vdkY vlawG uJh&JUcH&jcif;4) toHaumif;zdkY *½kpdkuf&vGef;vdkY orm"dysufjcif;5) aemifvmaemifom;wdkY rdrdudk twkckd;wwfjcif;wdkY jzpfygw,f/

(tH 2? 219)odu©myk'fjrwfAk'¨ vufxufu qAÁ*¾DvdkY ac:wGifwJh &[ef;awG oH&SnfqGJNyD;"r®udk ½GwfqdkMuvdkY vlawGu ]bkef;BuD;awGvnf; wdkYvdkyJ oH&SnfqGJNyD; ½GwfqdkMuwmyJ}vdkY uJh&JUwJhtcg jrwfpGmbk&m;u ]w&m;pmudk *DwoHeJY oH&SnfqGJ r½Gwfqdk&}vdkY odu©myk'f ynwfawmfrlygw,f/ "r®pmudkawmif oDcsif;vdk toHqGJNyD; r½Gwf&wJhtwGuf vlawGqdkwJh oDcsiff;udk w&m;yGJrSm xnhqdkwmrsKd; rvkyfaumif;wmawmh aocsmygw,f/

261/ ukodkvfa&;ayrdkY qGrf;awmf wifjcif;ESihf ywfoufí ar;avQmufyg&ap bk&m;/tcsKdUaom Ak'¨bmomtdrfrsm;wGif qGrf;awmfyef;uef ao;ao;?aomufawmfa&cGuf ao;ao;jzifhom pwdoabm uyfvªMuygonf/ tcsKdUaom tdrfrsm;wGif rdrdaeYvnfpm rpm;rD jyifqifxm;onhf xrif;udk pm;yGJvdkufuyfNyD; jyefpGefYpm;Muovdk rdrdpm;rnhfyef;uefwGif xrif;[if;rsm;xnhfum acwåuyfvªNyD; jyefpGefYpm;Muonfudk awGUzl;ygonfbk&m;/

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5/ aoapvdkwJh pdwfeJY wpfBudrfowf&ifvnf; xyfcgxyfcgtusKd;ay;cGihf&Sdw,f/ tBudrfrsm;pGm owf&ifvnf; tBudrfBudrftusKd;ay;cGihf&Sdw,f/ wpfBudrfowfwmeJY tBudrfrsm;pGm owfwmjzpfvdkY tav;tayghvnf; uGmoifhwmyJ/

6/ vleJY wd&dp ämef t&nftcsif; rwlbl;/ vltcsif;csif;awmif oDv&Sdoludk owfwmeJY oDvr&Sdoludk owfwm tjypf tav;tayghuGmw,f/ 'gaMumihf jyefNyD;cH&r,hf tjypfu rwlEdkifbl;/

260/ oDcsif;qdkí w&m;a[mjcif; q&mawmf t&Sifbk&m;? ,ckacwf "r®uxdu w&m;a[m q&mawmftcsKdUrSm w&m;a[mpOf oDcsif;qdkonfudk awGU&ygonf/ xdkodkYoDcsif;qdkygu epö*Dw odu©myk'ft& tmywfoihf ygovm;? jrwfpGmbk&m; vufxufu &[ef;awmfrsm;vnf; oDcsif;oHjzihf w&m;a[mMum; Muygovm;? ajzMum;awmfrlyg t&Sifbk&m;/

rsufjc,f ---------------------------

tjypfig;yg;t*FkwåKd&f ygVdawmfrSm *DwoHeJY w&m;a[molrSm tjypf ig;rsKd;&SdaMumif; jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mawmfrlygw,f/ tJ'D ig;rsKd;u ..1) rdrdtoHudk rdrd om,maejcif;2) olwpfyg;wdkYuvnf; rdrdtoHudk om,mwwfjcif;

260/ BuD;yGm;aMumif;w&m; 829

6) aoapcsifwJh pdwfeJYyJ vludkowfwmeJY wd&dp ämefudkowfwmtukodkvfjypfu twlwlyJvm;/

q&mawmf udk,fpdwfESpfjzm usef;rmygap/'umatmif

---------------------------

1/ t*Fkvdrmv &[E Åm jzpfoGm;ygw,f/ y#doaEüsKd; (trd0rf;xJrSm uwnf;u ay;wJhtusKd;)eJY y0wådusKd; (arG;zGm;NyD;csdefrS aoonfxd ay;wJhtusKd;)vdkY uHtusKd;ay;ykH ESpfrsKd;&Sdw,f/ t*Fkvdrmv[m &[EÅmjzpfoGm;vdkY aemifb0 wpfzef jyefrjzpfawmhwJhtwGuf y#doaEüsKd; r&SdEdkifEdkifawmhbl;/ 'gayr,hf olwpfyg;&JUvufñId;awGudk vdkufjzwfwJh tukodkvfaMumihf &[ef;jyK? &[EÅmjzpfNyD;aemuf qGrf;cH<upOf cJeJY0dkif;ypfcH&wJh y0wåduskKd;udk cH&w,f/

2/ olYouf owfjzwfol w&m;oHa0&? ig;yg;oDvxdef;? 0dyóemw&m;tm;xkwf&if ig;yg;oDv vkHwJhtwGuf uG,fvGefNyD;aemufy#doaEüsKd; taeeJY 'kwd,b0rSm ok*wdb0udk &cGihf&Sdayr,hfy0wådtcg olYoufowf uHaMumihf rjynhfpkHwmawG &SdEdkifw,f/wpfr*fwpfzdkvfudk r&ao;oa½GU 'DvdkyJ b0oHo&mrSm y#doaEüsKd;a&m y0wådusKd;yg cHae&OD;rSmyg/

3/ ya,m* (owfzdkY vkHYvpdkuf&wm) rwlvdkY tBuD;udk owfwmeJYtao;udk owfwm tjypfrwlbl;/ jcifudkowf&if wpfcgwpf&HowfrdrSef;awmif rodvkdufawmh? ydk;[yfudk owfawmh vkHYvydkpdkuf&w,f/ acG;wpfaumifudk owf&if ydkNyD; odomwmaygh/

4/ tbd"r ®mt& taumif;BuD;ao;r[l aoapvdkwJhpdwfeJY olwpfyg;toufudk owfrd&if b0oHo&mrSm wpfcsdefcsdef wpfrsKd;rsKd;eJYtukodkvftusKd; ay;vdrfhtkH;r,f/


rrSnfhrDuwnf;u tvkH;vdkuf bk&m;ausmif;wGif uyfvªxm;NyD;okH;av;&uf ponfjzihf &uftwefi,fMumNyD; rSnhfawmhrS pGefYumpm;Muonfudkvnf; awGUjrifzl;ygnfbk&m;/ ¤if;uJhodkY qGrf;uyfvªoihf rvªoihfESihf qGrf;awmfuyfvªoihfonhf enf;rSef vrf;rSefrsm;udkñTefMum;ay;awmfrlygbk&m;/

udkrsKd;---------------------------

udk,fpm;jyKax&0' Ak'¨0g'DwdkY&JU tqkH;trt& Ak'¨qif;wkudk udk;uG,fylaZmfwm? qGrf;yef; a&csrf;ponf uyfvªwmawGu rdrd pdwftm½kH pl;pdkufxm;wJh &nf½G,fcsufawGudk udk,fpm;jyKwJh oauFwyg/ OyrmAk'¨qif;wkawmfqdkwm wpfcsdef wpfcgu ur Çmhordkif;rSm tppftrSefoufawmfxif&Sm; &SdcJhzl;wJh? tJ'Dvdk &SdcJhzl;aMumif; r[mtaomurif;&JU {&mrausmuf pmwdkifBuD;awGu oufaojyaewJh &SifawmfAk'üdk udk,fpm;jyK½kH oufoufygyJ/ tJ'D udk,fpm;jyK oauFwudkuyfvªwJh qGrf;ponf[mvnf; tvªU&SiftaeeJY ]ouf&Snf qif;vS csrf;om& Av ÓmPfynm} tusKd;ig;rsKd;udk &nf½G,fwJh oauFwyJjzpfw,fvdkY OD;pGm em;vnf ,kHMunfxm;vdkufyg/

BuD;ao;r[ltdrfawGrSm Ak'ükd,fpm;jyK udk;uG,fwJh qif;wkawmfawGu rsm;aomtm;jzihf ÓmPfawmf 6 vufr? 9 vufr avmufyJ &Sdwwfygw,f/ tJ'gaMumifhyJ yef;uefao;ao; cGufao;ao; jzpfae&ovm;/ bk&m;ausmif;&JU ae&m? vkyfEdkifwJh tcsdef? tvª0w¬K tajctaet& ao;ae&jcif;vnf; jzpfEdkifvdkY 'gavmufawmh cGihfvTwfoihfygw,f/ qGrf;awmfuyfzdkY pdwfqE´&Sd aewmudkyJ av;pm;&rSmyg/ ae&mus,f? qGrf;jyifr,hf tcsdefvnf;&Sd? vkyfEdkifwJh tvª0w¬Ktiftm;vnf;&Sd? o'¨gw&m;vnf; xufoefae&ifawmh qif;wk

261/ ukokdvfa&;ayrdkY 831

Edkifyg/ aq;vdyfjzwfzdkY BudK;p;&if; uGrf;pm;wwfvmygonf/ w&m;xdkifjcif;ESiYf aq;vdyfjzwfEdkifjcif; qdkifrqdkif odvkdygonfbk&m;/qdkifonfqdku b,fvdkqdkifonf/ rqdkifu b,fvdkrqdkifonfudkajzMum;ay;apvdkygonfbk&m;/wwd,ar;cGef;rSm tjypfwpfckudk pdwfjziYf BuHpnfjcif;? EIwfjziYfajymqdkjcif;? ukd,vfxdvufa&muf vkyfrdjcif;[k 3 rsKd; &SdonfYteuf b,fonfu bmaMumiYf tjypfydkBuD;onfudk &Sifjyap;apvdkygonfbk&m;/aemufqkH; ar;cGef;uawmY w&m;wpfyk'fxJrSm opfyif&JU t&dyfaus;Zl;udkodí xdkopfyif&JU tudkif;tcufudk rcsKd;zJYaumif;bl;vdkYMum;emNyD; aemufydkif; wynYfawmf&JU tdrfaemufaz;u opfyif&JUolrsm;jcHzufudk ausmfaewJY tudkif;awGudk ckwfzdkY cufcJaeygonfbk&m;/ xdkopfyifESifY ywfoufí b,fvdk pdwfjzifY b,fodkY aqmif½Guf&rnfudk odvdkygonfbk&m;/

½dkaopGmjziYf aZmftkef;---------------------------

1) arwåokwfrSm ]emwdranx = wpfa,mufonf tjcm;wpfa,mufudk txifrao;ygeJY}vdkY &SifawmfAk'¨ a[mxm;wmudk vdkufemusihfokH;NyD; olwpfyg;udk txifrao;rdatmif udk,fhudk,fudk qkH;rwJhpdwfeJYyJ aeygw,f/ ykxkZOfwdkY&JU obm0twdkif; &[ef;wdkY&JUodu©myk'f 227 yg;udk apmihfxdef;vdkYqdkNyD; rapmihfwJhvludk txifao;wJh bkef;BuD; qdkwmrsKd;vnf; &Sdaumif;&SdEdkifygw,f/ ]rjynhfwJhtdk; abmifbifcwf}qdkwJhtwdkif; pmroifzl;wJh bkef;BuD;tcsKdU rodem;rvnfolawG txifBuD;atmif tjyifyef;t& tjcm;bkef;BuD;awGxuf xl;jcm;wJhykHpHeJY rdrdurS wu,hftppftrSef qdkwmrsKd;vkyfjy&if; y&dowf pkrdvmwJhtcg udk,fhudk,fudk txifBuD;oGm;wmrsKd;awG awGUzl;vdkYyg/


ydkqdk;wmaygh/ rSnfhrS bk&m;ausmif;u pGefYNyD; udk,fpm;r,fvdkY &nf½G,fxm; odkYr[kwf pdwfxJ&Sdaewmudku enf;vrf; rusbl;/

>cif;csufi,fpOfu yGJvrf;tcrf;tem;wpfck (rdk;ukwfzufu 'um'umrawG&JU tvªt'gef;yGJvdkY xifw,f)rSm ocGm;roD;? z&JoD;? uRJaumoD;vkd tcGHrsKd;eJY toD;awG&JU tjyifcGHudk yef;rsKd;pkH ykHazmfNyD; eufjzefeHeuftwGuf &nf½G,fNyD; nuwnf;u bk&m;qif;wkESihf apwDrSmuyfvªylaZmfxm;rsKd;udk awGUzl;w,f/ tJ'grsKd;udkawmh rdrdwwfuRrf;wJh tEkynmwpfrsKd;eJY &SifawmfAk'üdk tvGefMunfnKd ½dkaopGm ylaZmfw,fqdkwJh acgif;pOfeJY csD;rGrf; tm;ay;oihfygw,f/

262/ uAsma&;wJh &[EÅm

q&mawmfbk&m;?

wynfYawmfonf ar;cGef;rsm;udk udk,fwdkifusiYfokH;vdkí ar;ygonf?rodívnf; ar;ygonf? xifwmudk rSefrrSef odvdkívnf; ar;ygonfbk&m;/yxrar;cGef;rSm rdrdxuf oDvenf;olrsm;udk txifrao;&efb,fvdkpdwfrsKd; xm;&rnfvJbk&m;/ (wynfYawmf pOf;pm;rdonfrSmq&mawmfwdkYu 227 0denf;odu©myk'frsm;ESiYf aeaewmrdkY omrefig;yg;oDvom&Sdol vlomrefawGudk txifao;ygovm;/ rao;bl;qdkvSsif b,fvdkpdwfeJ rao;ygovJ odyg&apbk&m;/)'kwd,ar;cGef;rSm vlwpfa,muf w&m;pcef;udk tBudrfrsm;pGm 0ifcJYNyD;? w&m;udkvnf; aeYpOf ESpf&Snfxdkifaeygvsuf aq;vdyf rjzwf

262/ uAsma&;wJh &[EÅm 833

ao;ayr,hf oufawmfxif&Sm; bk&m;trSwfeJY ]bkef;BuD; qGrf;uyfovdk}vnf; tNrJwrf; odkYr[kwf &Hzef&Hcg vkyfEdkifygw,f/

'gaMumihf yJcl; a½Tomavsmif;vdk ÓmPfawmfBuD;rm;wJh Ak'¨qif;wkawmfudk uyfvª&mrSmvnf; ajymjyxm;wJh tajctaet&yJ BuD;BuD;ao;ao; ESpfrsKd;vkH; uyfvªcGihf &Sdoihfygw,f/ ta&;BuD;wmu rjzpfrae usdwfrSdwfNyD; vljrifaumif;atmifvdkY ]pwdoabmeJY}ao;ao;av;yJ vkyfr,f}vdkY pdwfxm;&ifawmh tusKd;vnf; pwdoabmyJ jzpfrSmaygh/

xufoefqE´]jyifqifxm;onhf xrif;[if;udk pm;yGJvdkufuyf}&mrSm trSef wu,f bk&m;twGuf &nfrSef;xm;&w,f/ NyD; tenf;qkH; q,frdepfxufrenf; tcsdef,loihfw,f/ ],ck igonf &SifawmfAk'üdkqGrf;uyfvªaew,f}vdkYvnf; pdwfxJrSm &Sdae&r,f/ qGrf;uyfxm;qJrSm pmyGJem;xdkifNyD; ]£wdyd aom b*0g} tpcsDwJh Ak'¨*kPfawmfudk yGm;aeEdkif&if taumif;qkH;aygh/ rdrd xrif; pm;cgeD; ]rdrdpm;rnhfyef;uefwGif xrif;[if;rsm; xnhfum acwåuyfvªNyD; jyefpGefYpm;}wmrsKd;udkawmh av;pm;cHhnm;rI tm;aysmhw,fvdkY ,lqvdkY tBudKufBuD; r[kwfbl;/ 'gayr,hf pdwfapwem xufoef&ifawmhtusKd; &SdEdkifaumif;ygw,f/

tvkH;vdkufopfoD;qGrf; uyfvª&mrSm ]bkef;BuD; qGrf;uyfovdk tcGHETm vSD;jzwf}NyD;rS uyfvªwmu ydkNyD;vufawGUoabm aqmifygw,f/ 'l;&if;oD; z&JoD;vdk[mrsKd;udk bk&m;a&SUrSm tvkH;vdkuf wifxm;wmrsKd;? rSnfhrS pm;vdkY&wJh iSufaysmoD;vdk opfoD;udk rrSnhfcif bk&m;ausmif;rSm wifwmrsKd;awG roihfjrwfygbl;/ tJ'DtoD;awGudkbk&m;b,fvdk bkOf;ay;yghrvJ/ rSnhfvdkY pm;csdefwefrS bk&m;ausmif;u pGefY&if? udk,fpm;r,fvdkYvnf; pdwfxJu tmvm, rjywfcJh&if


2) &SifawmfAk'¨rS vGJNyD; tjcm;aom &[EÅm t&SifjrwfBuD;awG[marG;&myg 0goemADZudk rpGefYEdkifMubl;/ uAsma&;zdkY 0goemygwJh t&Sif0*ÐowdkYvdk &[E ÅmBuD;awGu ygVduAsmawG a&;zGJUawmfrloGm;Muw,f/ cyfMurf;Murf; ajymqdkwwfwJh t&SifydvdE´0p äwdkYusawmh&[EÅmjzpfNyD;vnf; rrSefwmawGU&if bmrjzKefwJh cyfjywfjywform;ygyJ/ aq;vdyfpGJwmu arG;&myg ADZ0goem r[kwfbl;/ okH;pGJvmwm ESpfumv MumjrihfoGm;NyDjzpfvdkY aq;vdyfrSmygwJh pGJvrf;apwwfwJh"mwfu aomufokH;oludk jyefjzwfzdkY cufcJapwJh oabm&Sdygw,f/ w&m;xdkifjcif;eJY aq;vdyfjywfjcif; qdkifrqdkifqdkwmw&m;xdkifvdkY &&Sdxm;wJh pdwfudkxdef;EdkifwJh tqihfeJYyJ EdIif;,SOfcGihf&Sdr,f xifygw,f/

qdkygawmh .. aq;vdyfjzwf&if; uGrf;pGJoGm;w,fqdkwm aq;vdyfraomuf&vdkY jzpfvmwJh 'ku©a0'emudk rausmfvTm;EkdifvdkYr[kwfvm;/ aq;vdyfxJu "mwfobm0aMumifh aomufokH;ol&JU½kyfydkif;b0 azmufjyef&muae aq;vdyfpGJw,f qdkwm jzpfoGm;vdkYur ®|mef;½IrSwfwJhtcg emusifwJha0'emudk emusifwJhtwdkif; ½IrSwfEdkifwJhtqihfudk a&mufcJh&if w&m;xdkifwJh tusKd;taeeJY pdwfudkxdef;Edkifjcif;qdkwmvnf; jzpfoihfwJhtwdkif; aq;vdyf raomuf&vdkYjzpfay:vmwJh a0'emudkvnf; a0'emtwdkif; ½IrSwfEdkifoifhwmaygh/

3/ raemuH okH;rsKd;&Sdw,f ..1) tbdZÑm = olrsm;ypönf;udk ighypönf; jzpf&if aumif;r,fvdkY pGJvef;aewJhpdwf/ ('gayr,hf wyfruf ESpfoufrd½kHeJY uHrajrmufbl;/)2) Asmyg' = 'Daumifao&if at;wmyJqdkNyD; ouf&Sdwpfck&JU toufeJY cE¨mudk,f NydKysufapvdkwJhpdwf/ ('gayr,hf pdwfqdk;½kHeJY uHrajrmufbl;/)3) rdp äm'd|d = t,l0g' rSm;,Gif;rI okH;rsKd; .. ew¬du (ukodkvftukodkvf&JU tusKd;udk vufrcH)? tBud, (uodkvfk? tukodkvfudk

282/ uAsma&;wJh &[E Åm 835

2) ckyÜdygoNydwåm = tNrJ qmavmif rGwfodyfae&wJhNydwåm3) edZÑmrwPSdu Nydwåm = wpfudk,fvkH; tNrJwrf; avmifuRrf;cHae&wJh rD;Nydwåm

4) umvuÍöduNydwåm = tok&um,fqdkwm 'DNydwåmrsKd;rSwfp&mwpfcku ed,wAsm'dwfcHNyD;wJh Ak'ävmif;vsmawG[m

trSwf 2? 3? 4 NydwåmrsKd;awGrSm rjzpfawmhbl; (Ak'¨0Ho-|? 316)/ayw0w¬KxJrSm trSwf (1) NydwåmrsKd; trsm;pk yg0ifw,f/ trSwf(2)u tenf;i,fyJ ygNyD; 3? 4 trsKd;tpm; rygbl;/½kyfoP ²mefNydwåmtrsm;pk[m ESyfwHawG;pwJh vlYtnpftaMu;udk pm;aomuf&vdkY ½kyfoGifvnf; qdk;0g; Murf;wrf;w,f (ayw 0w¬K-|? 94)/Murf;wrf;wJh ½kyfoGifudk ur ®Zd'¨d (uHaMumihf&&SdwJh wefcdk;)eJY jzpfap?aq;jrpfwpf rsKd;&JU tpGrf; (r-| 3? 187)eJY jzpfap rdrdudk,fudkzkH;uG,fNyD; aeMuw,f/ ,if;wdkY aoqkH;wJhtcg tJ'DMurf;wrf;wJhudk,fcE¨mudk zkH;uG,frxm;Edkif? yuwd ½kyfoGiftwdkif;vnf; rxm;cJhEdkifvdkY wd&dp ämef? ydk;rTm;ponf&JU udk,fcE¨meJY xm;cJh&w,f/

usrf;*eftqdku ]rif;BuD;? aooGm;wJh NydwåmwdkY\ udk,fcE¨mudk ydk;aumif toGif? aygufzwftoGif? jcykef;toGif? ydk;ESHaumiftoGif? uif;ajcrsm;toGif? iSuftoGif? oriftoGifwdkYjzihf awGUjrifEdkifyg\ (rdvdE´? 283)}wJh/ajcmufvSef Ytukodkvf tusKd;aMumihf ¤if;wdkY ½kyfoGif qdk;0g;NyD; tcsKdU t½G,ftpm; tvGefBuD;? tcsKdU tvGefao;wJhtjyif tcsKdUrSm tjcm;NydwåmawG&JU ESdyfpufwmudk cH& odkYr[kwf a&m*gwpfckckudk cHpm;ae&w,f/ 'gaMumihf &Hcg ,if;wdkY&JU yuwdoGifjyifudk vlom;wdkY jrif&pOf tvdkvdk xdwfvefYoGm;&wmudk vlawGu ajcmufvSefYwmvdkYxifMuwm/ 'gayr,hf olpdavmr NydwåmBuD;u jrwfAk'üdk ajcmuf


bkef;bkef;bk&m;?yxrOD;pGm bkef;bkef; usrf;rmcsrf;ompGm omoemh0efudk xrf;aqmifEdkifygapvdkY qkawmif; arwåmydkYygonf/pdwfxJrSm rwifrus jzpfaewmav;awGudk ar;jref;vdkygonf t&Sifbk&m;/ ayw0w¬KxJrSm aeYpHncH NydwåmawG taMumif;udk zwfzl;ygonf/ 'gayr,hf olwdkYawG[m pH&wJhtcsdefrSm ewftoGif Adrmefxuf pHpm;? na&mufrS i&JcH&wmrsKd;yg/ wynhfawmf r&Sif;wmu aumif;rIrsm; vkyfcJhojzihf pHpm;&onhf ewftoGifr[kwfbJvlYtoGif pHpm;&onhf NydwåmrsKd; &Sdygovm;/ vlvdk aeEdkifw,f?ewfvdkaeEdkifw,fvdkY ukodkvfyrmPay: rlwnfNyD; uGJjym;Edkifygovm; bk&m;/ vltjzpf ae&vQifvnf; wu,hf touf&Sifaeao;olwdkYtm; xdawGU udkifwG,fEdkifygovm;/ touf&SifolwdkY\pdwfudk zwfEdkifpGrf;a&m &Sdygovm;/ tu,fí xdkNydwåmb0wGifyifpHpm;&onhf aeYtcsdefü ygPmwdygwuH usL;vGefcJhvQif xdkpHpm;&onhf uHrsm; csufjcif; aysmufuG,foGm;Ekdifygovm;/ ar;cGef;ESihfywfoufí usrf;udk;rsm; &SdvQifvnf; ñTefjyay;apvdkygonf t&Sifbk&m;/ Ak'ömoeH pd&H wd|wk/

av;pm;vsuf .. qk&nfNzKd;---------------------------

Nydwåm 4 rsK d;tajzudk rpOf;pm;cif usrf;*efrSm jyqdkwJh Nydwåmav;rsKd; taMumif;udk tusOf;rQ odoifhw,f ...1) y&'wåLyZD0duNydwåm = olwpfyg; ay;wJh tpmeJY ae&mudk rSDNyD;touf&Sif&wJh Nydwåm (aqGrsKd;awGu &nfrSef;NyD; tvª'gejyKwmudkom"kac:&if pm;p&m aep&mudk &&SdEdkifwJh NydwåmrsKd;)

263/ NydwåmrSwfpk jyKjcif;qdkwJh taMumif;udk vufrcH)? ta[wku (taMumif;tusKd;

ESpfrsKd; vkH;udk vufrcH) .. tJ'DokH;rsKd;om remuH ajrmufw,f/owfwm vdrfwmawGu pdwfoufoufeJY rjzpfEdkifvdkY udk,f

EIwfygrS uHajrmufw,f/ raemuHqdkwm uHokH;rsKd;vkH;eJY qdkifw,f/'gayr,hf azmfjyNyD; okH;rsKd;uawmh pdwfxJrSmyJ uHajrmufoGm;vdkYraemuHvdkY oD;jcm;ac:&wm/ uHokH;rsKd;teuf b,fuHrqdk ukodkvftukodkvfpdwfeJY twljzpfwJhapwem tm;aumif;raumif; tvdkufom tusKd;tjypf BuD;aMumif; rSwfoihfw,f/ aeYwdkif; Ak'¨*kPfawmfawGudk yGm;rsm;aeoleJY NydKifzufudk b,fvdk okwfoif&rvJvdkY trsKd;rsKd;vSnfh BuHpnfaeol ESpfOD;&JU tusKd;tjypf jzpfEdkifajcudk ,SOfMunhfaygh/4) aEG&moD aeusJusJylaewJh uGif;jyifv,fudk jzwfvm&if; ylvnf;yl a&vnf;qmaecdkuf ukuúKdyifBuD;udk jrifawmh tom0ifxdkifNyD;a&csrf;pifu a&udkaomuf&if; ½kwfw&uf wpfcsuf a0SU&rf;vdkufwJh avat;av;aMumihf tyef;ajyoGm;&ol wpfa,muftzdkY udk,fvdkvl tjcm; wpfa,muftwGuf tJ'Dopfyifudka&m a&csrf;pifudkyg apmihfa&Smufoihfw,f/

'gayr,hf opfyif&JU t&dyfaus;Zl;udk odw,fqdkwm tajctaetay:rSm wnfygvdrfhr,f/ Ak'¨0g'DawG[m aAm"danmifyifudk &SifawmfAk'¨ oAÁnKwÓmPfudk &wJhopfyifqdkwJh todeJY ½dkaoylaZmfMuygw,f/ 'gayr,hf aAm"danmifudkif;u apwDudk jzpfap? "mwfawmfudef;0yfwJh Ak'¨qif;wkudkjzpfap xdcdkufapr,fqdk&if ckwfjzwfaumif;ygw,f/ 'gaMumihf olrsm;NcHzufudk ausmfaew,fqdkwJh opfudkif;udk ckwfypfzdkY rcuffcJoihfygbl;/


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263/ NydwåmrSwfpk 839

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'umatmif---------------------------

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arrD---------------------------

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264/ taysmfvdrf 841

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Ak'¨tbd"r ®mrSm pdwfudk bkHXme? vkyfaqmifcsuf? aumif; raumif;? cHpm;rIponf tvdkuf trsKd;rsKd; cGJjcm;jyygw,f/ pdwfudk

265/ i&Jouf 843

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arrD---------------------------

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267/ qifqifjcifjcif

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reufu udk,fh[mudk,f Ak'¨qif;wka&SUrSm OykofoDv,lxm;NyD; nae rdwfaqGawGvmpOf arhvdkY a&ma,mif xrif;pm;rd&iftJ'Dvdk arhvdkY oDvusKd;&if (i&Jusw,f qdkwmxuf) tjypf&Sdw,fvdkYqdk&if ydkaumif;w,f/ ]tjypf&Sdw,f}qdkwm olYoufowfwmrsKd;awmh r[kwfbl;/ Ak'üdk ay;xm;wJh uwdudk zsufvdkuf&vdkY rdrdrSmpdwf"mwfa&;&m pGrf;tif avsmhusoGm;wmudk qdkvdkw,f/

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The prestige you acquire by being able to tell your friends that you know famous men proves that you are yourself of small account. (W. Somerset Maugham, The Summing Up, p. 7.)

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266/ tav;teufvkyf 845

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arrD---------------------------

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267/ qifqifjcifjcif 847

]&pem*gxm (q&mawmf wpfyg;yg; a&;wJh ygVduAsm)} jzpfrvm;vdkY bkef;BuD; ,lqygw,f/ "r ®uxdu q&mawmfawG 'DygVd*gxmudk udk;um;NyD; a[majymonfudk rMumcP Mum;emzl;ygw,f/ tcsKdUa&;om;Muwm (bavmh*f? 0ufbfqdk'fawGrSm) udkvnf;zwfzl;ygw,f/ tcsKdU q&mawmfawGqdk&if jrwfpGmbk&m;a[m taeeJYyif a[majym a&;om;Muygw,f/ 'gayr,fh bkef;BuD;uawmh rl&if;ygVdawmf t|uxm #DumawGrSm tenf;qkH; t"dyÜm,fwlwJhpkP Öd,ygVd (ygVdpum;ajy) pmom;rQyif awGUEdkifrvm;vdkY &SmazGqJ&Sdygw,f/

270/ ukodkvfwHcg; Zefe0g&D 29? 2013/-----------------------------------------------

q&mawmf bk&m;?wynhfawmf odcsifwmav;udk ar;jref;csifygw,f bk&m;/ wynhfawmftaru &yfa0;wpfae&mrSm aq;oGm;uk&if; aoqkH;oGm;ygw,f/ tavmif;udkawmh ½Gmudk jyef,lvmayr,hf olY&JU t&dyfedrdwfuawmh ½GmrSm bmrSrawGU&bl;/ wynhfawmf odcsifwmu tu,fí tar&JU 0dnmOfu aocJhwJh ae&mrSmyJ usef&pfcJhr,f qdk&if½GmrSm tokb? a&pufcs? trQa0aewmudk tar Mum;Edkifrvm;/aemufwpfckuawmh tar rqkH;cifu vª'gef;csifwJh qEawG &SdcJhygw,f/ tJ'DtwGuf tarhtm; &nfpl;NyD;awmh vª'gef; vdkufr,fqdk&if tar ukodkvf &Edkifrvm;/ b0jcm; ajymif;vJoGm;wJh tarhudkukodkvf&atmif Nidrf;csrf;aomb0eJY ae&atmif om;orD;awG taeeJY bmvkyfay;oihfovJqdkwmudk ajymMum;ay;bk&m;/

½dkao&Sdcdk;vsuf apmtJ'g;---------------------------


e,l;a,mufNrdKUrSm Edkif;tvif;Aif; (9/11) tpövmrf tMurf;zufrI jzpfcgpwkef;u 'umwpfa,muf ajymzl;ygw,f/ tJ'D jzpfpOftwGif; aoqkH;oGm; olawGrSm jrefqefvGef;vdkY aocgeD; ur®edrdwf? *wdedrdwfawG rxifEdkifavmufbl;wJh/ olajymovdk r[kwfygbl;/ pdwfjzpfpOfu tJ'Djzpf&yfxuf tqaygif;rsm;pGm jrefqefvGef;vdkY edrdwfav;rsKd; xifygw,f/ 'gaMumihf qGJBudK;csaowmvdk csufjcif;aowJhvlvnf; raocif tm½kHaumif;wpfckudk pGJ,lvdkufEdkif&ifaumif;wmudk arQmfvihfcGifh &Sdygw,f/

269/ &SmazGqJ t&Sifjrwfbk&m;?]a&aMumihf ñGefjzpf&onf/ a&aMumihfjzpfaom xdkñGef;udk a&jzifhomvQif aq;aMum oefYpif&onf/ xdkYtwl pdwfaMumihf omvQifpdwfnpfax;rI jzpf&onf/ pdwfaMumifh jzpf&onfh pdwftnpftaMu;udk pdwfjzihfomvQif pifMu,fap&onf}[llaom w&m;awmfonf jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mMum;onfh ygVdawmftppf [kwfygovm;/[kwfonfqdkvQif usrf;ñTef;udk odvdkygonf t&Sifbk&m;/

ausmfpGmñGefY---------------------------

azmfjyyg jrefrmjyef&JU rl&if;u ..]Zave b0wd yu ø?Zavae0 0dokZÑwd/pdawåe b0wd ygyH?pdawåae0 0dokZÑwd} qdkwJh ygVd*gxm jzpfEdkifygw,f/

269/ &SmazGqJ 849

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268/ w&m;rSwfao&if oem;aomtm;jzihf ajzMum;ay;apvdkygonf t&Sifbk&m;?wcsKdUaom yk*¾KdvfBuD;awG aocgeD; a0'emcHpm;ae&wJh tcsdefrSmw&m;rSwfNyD; csrf;omwJhb0udk &&SdoGm;Muwmudk zwfrSwfzl;ygw,f t&Sifbk&m;/ odkYjzpfygu udk,fhudk,fudk owfaoolwpfa,muftaeeJY (csufjcif; aoapwJh enf;r[kwfwJhtwGuf) w&m;rSwfwmrsKd;? *kPfawmfyGm;wmrsKd;? bk&m;tm½kHjyKwmrsKd; vkyfEdkifygub0aumif;udk &Edkif r&Edkif odvdkygw,f t&Sifbk&m;/

rif;aoG;atmif---------------------------

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270/ ukodkvfwHcg; 851

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'gjzifh&if 'Dur Çmajr&JU jzpfwnfNyD; ouwfwrf; wpfavQmufrSmtJ'Dvdk r[mwdkufrdjcif; jzpfpOf b,fESpfBudrf&SdNyDvdkY b,fol twdtus qdkEdkifovJ/ oufwrf; &Snfvsm;vSNyDjzpfwJh 'Dur ÇmhajrjyifrSmtqdkyg rsKd;jyKef; taumif;BuD;awGeJY vlom;tjzpf qifhuJjzpfpOfMum;rSm jzpfap? 'grSr[kwf wdk;wufNyD; vlom;awG taeeJYjzpfap?odkYwnf;r[kwf ouf&Sdrpcif jzpfap tqdkygvdk rsKd;jyKef;jzpfpOfBuD;tBudrfBudrf r&Sdzl;bl;vdkY qdkEdkiftHhavm/


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271/ csifhcsifhcsdefcsdef wynhfawmf w½kwfEdkifiHrS ½dkaoav;jrwfpGm avQmufxm;tyfygonf t&Sifbk&m;?wynhfawmfonf i,fpOfuyif 550 Zmwfedygwf? ZmwfBuD;q,fbGJUponhf Ak'¨pmayrsm;udk vufvSrf;rDoavmuf zwf½IcJhygonf/rSwfom;xm;rdonfwdkYteuf 28 ql Ak'¨0ifwGif jrwfAk'¨ a*gwr&Sifawmfbk&m;onf vlYoufwrf; okH;aomif;xufwGif yGifhawmfrlaom aumPm*kH jrwfpGmbk&m;vufxufü yAÁwrif;BuD;b0jzihfpdewdkif;rS jzpfaom ydk;zJrsm;udk xdkbk&m;&Siftm; uyfvªonf[kjzpfygonf/ tqdkyg pdewdkif;rSm ,ckw½kwfEdkifiH[k od&ygonf/

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atmifrsKd;jrwf---------------------------

271/ csifhcsihfcsdefcsdef 853

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271/ csifhcsifhcsdefcsdef 855

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azmfjyNyD; owå0gawGudk vlom;awG&JU tpmtwGuf bk&m; ocifu zefqif;ay;wm qdk&ifawmh &if;jrpfrwlvdkY 'Dae&mrSm aqG;aEG;zG,f rvdkygbl;/ bkef;BuD;wdkY Ak'¨0g't&awmh touf[m toufygyJ/ owå0gwpfck&JU toufudk jA[ ®mbk&m; ewfodMum; tygt0if b,folYrSmrS b,ftaMumif;aMumihfrqdk ]aoap}vdkY trdefYay;cGihf r&Sdygbl;/qdkifzGih folqdkifzGifholu MuufarG;oludk ]Muuf q,faumif ay:ay;yg}vdkY qdk&if BudKrSmrSm aemufrSmrSm udk,f&JU EIwfxGufpum;aMumihf owå0gaovdkY owfcdkif;wmygyJ/ trsKd;orD;wpfa,muf aps;udkoGm;pOf'DaeY tom;[if;av; csufr,fvdkY pOf;pm;vm&if; tom;a&mif;wJhqdkifvnf; awGUa&m? ig;q,fom; 0,fvdkufw,f/ 'grsKd;udk bkef;BuD;wdkY ax&0g'½I axmihfu yHhoul (odkYr[kwf y0wårHo = ay:NyD;om; tom;)vdkY ,lqw,f/ tmZD00dok'¨d (oufarG;0rf;ausmif;pifMu,frI)udk usihfBuHaewJh Ak'¨0g'D qdkifzGihfol jzpfcsif&ifawmh ckevdktom;[if;rsKd;udk jzpfatmif pDrH&rSmyJ/

jymzk H;rD;vdk

e [d ygyH uwH ur®H? oZÆKcD&H0 rkpöwd/![EHÅ Amv raEGwd? bo®p >aEém0 ygyaum/ñSpfcgp EdkY&nfonf ½kwf&uf rcJrodk; tcdk; rvTwfao;ouJhodkY(usL;vGefcgp) jyKNyD;p jzpfaom raumif;rIonfvnf; ½kwfw&uftcdk;rTwfao; (tusLLd; ray;ao;)/ raumif;rI\ tusLd; tcdk;vTwfonf&Sdaomf jymzkH;xm;aom rD;uJhodkY vlrdkufudk tpOfvdkufí avmifuRrf;\/


'kwd, ar;cGef;uawmh pmaomufqkdifzGihfwJh vlwpfa,muf[m om;ig;awGudk udk,fwdkifrSm&w,f bk&m;/ aps;uae yHhoul0,fvdkY r&ygbl;/ 'DvdkrSmwJhtwGuf olu owfcdkif;ovdk jzpfaevdkYtjypfjzpfygovm;/ w½kwfqdkifawGvdk ig;uefxm;NyD; a&mif;wmrsKd;r[kwfaomfvnf; tom;ig;udk a&mif;zdkY BudKrSmwJhtwGuf owfcdkif;&m usygovm;bk&m;/ Ryan Aung

---------------------------

tdkvlom;&,fMeat = Animal Cruelty wJh/ Google rSm &SmNyD; tJ'D ADG'D,dkav;udkMunfhvkdufyg/ ]aoewfajymif;eJY EGm;wpfaumif&JU acgif;udk csdefNyD;cvkwfudk jzKwfol odkYr[kwf tvkyfcGifokH; uwfaus;eJY EGm;NrD;udkt&Sifvwfvwf t&if;u jzwfol}udk ]olYpdwftvdkt& owfjcif;jzwfjcif; vkyf&onf r[kwf? aoapvdkpdwfeJY vkyf&onfvnf; r[kwf}vdkY oifrdkYvdkY ajymxGufw,f/ tJ'D EGm;awGu jyefajymrSmaygh]tr,fav;? tdkvlom;&,f .. oihfuav;&JU ajcrudk jcifudkuf&ifawmif b,hfES,f &Sdp}vdkY/ rjrifvdkY eif;rdwwJhtwGuf aooGm;wmrsKd;rS r[kwfbJ/ touf&Sifaew,fvdkY odvsufeJY aooGm;atmifvdkY('g[m aoapvdkwJh apwemyJav) acgif;udk taotcsm csdefNyD;rSaoewfeJY ypf&wm r[kwfvm;/aoapñTef;cGih ftom;&zdkY Muuf? 0uf? bJ? EGm;? odk;? qdwf ponfudk owfwJhvludk tom;owform;vdkY ac:&if tJ'Dvl i&Jusw,f? odkYr[kwfi&JBuD;w,f/ ]ormtmZD0}qdkwm Ak'öifMum;wJh r*¾if&Spfyg;xJu]or ®mtmZD0}udk qdkvdk&if t"dyÜm,frSefu ]or ®m = rSefaom/tmZD0 = oufarG;0rf;ausmif;} jzpfygw,f/ 'Dae&mrSm rdrd&JU ZeD;om;orD;pwJh rdom;pk pm;0wf aea&;twGuf tjcm;aom ouf&Sd

272/ aoapñTef;cGifh 857

Possibility

rufqdkydkaw;rD;,m;? tdE´Kjzpf0Srf;? w½kwf odkYr[kwf ,efpDjzpf0Srf;a'oawG&JU ,Ofaus;rIawG ordkif;pOfawG[m acwfumv tvGefBuD; ruGmMubl;/ tenf;qkH; tifrwef a&S;uswJhtxJrSm ygw,fvdkYawmh qdkEkdifw,f/ 'gayr,hf usrf;*efeJY nDEdkifzG,f&SdwJh acwfumvtaeeJY rqdkEdkifbl;vdkYawmh qdkcGihf&Sdygw,f/ tif; .. ,aeYtjrif 2 t& ur Çmajr&JU umvwpfckrSm ouf&SdrsKd;jyKef; uGufvyfawG r&Sdbl;vdkY rqdkEdkifcJh&if usrf;*eftjrif 2 u ydkNyD; possibility

tm;aumif;ygao;w,fvdkY bkef;BuD;wdkYzufu qdkcGifh&Sdw,f/tajztajztwGuf tay:rSm pOf;pm;&mawG ay;xm;ygNyD/ 'gaMumihf a*gwrAk'¨ avmif;vsmu aumPm*kH jrwfpGmbk&m;udk pdewdkif;jzpf ydk;zJvªw,fqdkwJh at'D 500 &mpk Ak'¨0g' t|uxm usrf;jrwfawGtqdk&JU owif;tpteudk ZDrif;quf (Xia Dynasty) uae armfpDwkef;xd w½kwfordkif;rSm &SmrawGUvdkY qdkNyD; .... (udk,fh[mudk,fqufawG; qufajymyg)/

272/ aoapñTef;cGihf t&Sifbk&m;?wynhfawmf odvdkwmuawmh tom;owform;[m i&JBuD;ygovm; bk&m;/ om;owform;pm olYormtmZD0 tvkyfudk 0rf;a&;twGuf vkyfudkifpm;aomufaejcif; jzpfygw,fbk&m;/ ol[molYpdwftvdkt& owfjzwfjcif;vnf; r[kwf? olrsm;udk aoapvdkpdwfeJY owfjzwfjcif;vnf; r[kwf? olYaysmf½TifrItwGuf owfjzwfjcif;vnf; r[kwfojzihf olY&JU tvkyftwGuf i&JBuD;ygovm;/


ar;avQmufwJh ar;cGef;awGudk pdwf&SnfpGm; rdefYMum;ay;wmudkaus;Zl;txl; wifygw,fbk&m;/ odcsifwmav; wpfckudk ar;avQmufcGihfjyKyg/ wynhfawmfr&JU ta':wpfa,mufudk vl0ifpm;vdkYbGm;bGm;u ,kHMunfaeygw,f bk&m;/ ta':udk udk,f0efaqmifwkef;u qkH;oGm;wJh olYtpfudku bGm;bGm;udk tdrfrufay;wm&,f?qkH;oGm;wJh olYtudk&JU tBuKdufeJY ta':[m tBudKufcsif; wlovdktaMumif;t&m awmfawmfrsm;rsm;udk rSwfrdwm&,faMumihfygbk&m;/vl0ifpm;qdkwm &Sdr&Sd q&mawmf\ tjrifudk ajzMum;ay;vkdygonft&Sifbk&m;/

arrD---------------------------

vljyef]vljyef}/ vljyefawmf r[kwfbl;/ Ak'¨0g't& ewf jA[ ®m? vl? i&J?Nydwåm? wd&dp ämefvdkY owå0gawG aoNyD;aemuf jyefjzpf&r,hf b0ig;rsKd;teuf vlaovdkY vljyefjzpfvmcGihf &oludk 'Dae&mrSm ]vljyef}vkdYac:Munhfwmyg/ vljyefjzpfvmol wpfa,mufu vuf&Sd vlYb0uae vGefcJhwJhb0 (twdwfb0)udk trSwf&NyD; jyefajymEdkif&if ]vl0ifpm;}aygh/ Ak'¨0g''óet& b0oHo&mqdkwm&SdvdkY vl0ifpm;qdkwmudk rjiif;bl;/ ,cifb0taMumif; jyefajymEdkifoludk Ak'¨0g'rSmZmwdó& ÓmPf&olvdkY ac:w,f/ Zmwu0w¬KawGt& tcsKdUqdk&ifb0rsm;pGmudk owd&Edkifw,f/ ZmwfBuD;q,fbJGUxJu awrdrif;om;[m cdkifvkHwJh om"uygyJ/ rsufarSmufacwfrSm wrvGefb0ukdowd&olawGtaMumif; odyÜHenf;us okawoejyKNyD; rSwfwrf;wifxm;wmawG &Sdw,f/

t&Sifbk&m;?wynhfawmf ½kyf½lyumESihf ywfoufNyD; b,fvdk yg&rDrsKd; jznhf&rvJqdkwm odcsifygw,f bk&m;/ tcGihfoihf&if ajzMum; ay;awmfrlyg t&Sifbk&m;/

&Sdef;udk---------------------------

ar;cGef;&JU t"dyÜm,fudk ½kyf&nf acsmarm vSycsif&if b,fvdk yg&rDjznfh&rvJvdkY ,lqvdkufr,f/ tJ'Dvdk qdkvdkcJh&if Ak'¨0g' ½IaxmihfeJYvkyfoihfykHudkvnf; t>rufrQ ajymjyvdkufygw,f ..ouFef;vªOr ®m'EÅ D bmaMumihf pHwif&atmif acsmarmvSyovJ/ tajzu]Ce&wå0w¬'geó edóaEé = xlxJaom 0wfyef;ykqdk; t0wfudk vªzl;vdkY}wJh/ uóybk&m;&Sif vufxuf Or ®m'EÅD rjzpfcif b0wpfckrSm qif;&Jol vkHrysKdb0eJY okH;ESpf tcdkif;tapvkyfNyD; cufcufcJcJ&&SdwJh tJ'D ]0wfyef;ykqdk;}udk tokH;jyKcgeD;qJqJ vrf;rSm a&Smifwcif zl;awGUvdkuf&wJh ouFef; rjynfhpkHol &[ef;awmftm; apwemokH;wef jy|mef;NyD; vª'gef;cJhzl;w,f/ tJ'Daemuf rdef;rysKdqkawmif;ykHu ..]1) ba0 ba0 Owår½ly"&m ba0,sH = b0wdkif; olrsm;xuf omvGefwJh tvSydkif&Sif jzpf&vdk\?2) rH 'doGm aumpd yk&daom oubma0e oP²mwkH rm ou©d =ighudk jrifrdol a,musfm;om;wdkif; *PmrNidrf jzpfoGm;ygap?3) r,m tbd½lyw&m emr tnm rm a[mwk = (wpf

avmuvkH;) ighxuf omvGef vSyol rdef;rom; r&SdygapeJY}wJh/

274/ Or®m'EÅDvdk 273/ vl0ifpm; azazmf0g&D 7? 2013/----------------------------------------------

ao&&ifjzpfap NyD;cJhwJhb0udk owdr&EdkifaMumif; v,fwD q&mawmfu rdefYawmfrlygw,f (EdkifiHjcm;ykpämtajzaygif;csKyf? pm-32)/vlYb0rSm vljyeffjzpfolawGteuf tcsKdU ,cifb0udk odNyD; tcsKdUrodbl;vdkY rSwfEdkifw,f/olwdk YqDrSm1952 avmufu tar&duefvlrsKd; tdyfarGUcs uRrf;usifol Morey

Bernstein [m The Search for Bridey Murphy qdkwJh pmtkyfudka&;vdkufw,f/ tar&durSm vl0ifpm; jzpfvmwJh tdkif;&pfpf trsKd;orD; Bridey Murphy trnf&Sdol&JU taMumif;/ tJ'Dpmtkyfu tar&durSm Best Seller jzpfoGm;NyD; 1956 ckESpfrSm tu,f'rDqk&Teresa Wright trnf&Sd rif;orD;eJY ½kyf&Sifawmif ½dkufcJhw,f/ tJ'Dvdk emrnfausmfvdkY okawoDawG tdkif,mvefEdkifiHudk vkdufoGm;NyD;tao;pdwf avhvmwJhtcg wdkufqdkifwmawG &Sdayr,hf uGm[csufawG tawmfrsm;w,fvdkY a0zefMuw,f/

c&D;xGufwkef; tdrfrSm bm&Sdw,f qdkwmudkawmif twdtusajymEdkif&JUvm;/ rSwfrdwmudk ajym&wmjzpfvdkY uGJvGJEdkif wmaygh/vlao&if oJjzpfoGm;w,f (become dust) vdkY ,kHMunhfolwdkY&JUur ÇmrSm ]vl0ifpm;}qdkwm tawmf xl;qef;ae vdrhfr,f/ Tom

Shroder &JU Old Souls udkvnf; zwfoihfaMumif;yg/

ydk Yyg xdkodk Y

tEk|[H t0g,mrH? okcH ,Mwm"d *p äwd/ok0D& ww¬ *p>m[d? rÍö waw¬0 ygy,/

(oH 1? 218)/tMuift&yfrSm vkHYvrjyK? tvkyfrvkyfbJ csrf;omokcudk&EdkifvQif cspfom; ok0D& .. xdkt&yfodkY oGm;yg/ igodMum;udkvnf; xdkt&yfodkY ydkYyg/

273/ vl0ifpm; 861

vlwdkif;bkef;BuD; 12 ESpf t½G,fu bkef;BuD;wdkY ½GmteD;rSm oabFmepfvdkYvl 10 a,mufxufrenf; aooGm;w,f/ ½Gmu vlawG oGm;NyD;tavmif;awGudk oN*ØK[f&ao;w,f/ rMumcif ½Gmolwpfa,mufrSm orD;uav;arG;NyD; tJ'DorD;av; pum; ajymwwfwmeJY usef&pfol cifyGef; om;orD;eJY ¤if;wdkY&SdaewJh aus;½Gm&JU emrnfawGudkajymw,f/ oabFmepfpOfu aoqkH;olawGxJrSm olajymwJh aus;½Gmol wpfa,mufvnf; ygw,f/ tkef;rIwfcGufxJ oJxnhf xrif;csuf[efjyKNyD; ]udkausmfcif}a& xrif;pm;awmhr,fvdkY olYcifyGef;udkac:&if; wpfa,mufwnf; wwGwfwGwf ajymaewmudk bkef;BuD;ckxd trSwf&w,f/ tJ'Dwkef;u b,folrS "mwfykH½dkuf? rSwfwrf;wif? oGm;a&muf avhvmrIawGawmh r&SdcJhbl;/ awm½GmrSmu tJ'grsKd;awGudk jzpf½dk;jzpfpOfvdk oabmxm;NyD; cyfayghayghyJ/

trSefawmh vlYb0rSm jyefarG;vmolwdkif;udk ]vl0ifpm;}vdkY qdkcGihf&SdwmyJ/ vltcsKdU[m ,cifb0 jzpf&yftcsKdUudk i,f½G,fpOfrSm tawmftwef trSwf&vdkY jyefajymif; ajymjyNyD; t½G,f a&mufvmwJhtcg tm;BuD;wJh rsufarSmuftm½kH&JU vTrf;rdk;rIaMumihf arhaysmufoGm;wm jzpfEdkifw,f/ 'Dwpfb0wnf;&JU i,fpOfjzpf&yf tawmfrsm;rsm;udkawmif t½G,fBuD;&ifhvmwmeJYtrQ trSwfr&Edkifawmhbl;/

odrodOyygwf y#doaEäeMuwJh ewf jA[ ®m Nydwåm i&Jom; tjzpfeJY jyefarG;vm&if? a&epf vufeufxd towfcH& opfyifay:uus ponfaMumihf ½kwfw&uf aoqkH;&olawG ukokdvfuH tusKd;ay;cGihfBuKHvdkY 'DvlYb0udk jyefa&mufvmcJh&if a&S;b0udk owdjyef&wwfaMumif; qdkygw,f/ trd0rf;rSm uvva&MunfeJY ae&pOf pdwfpGrf;tif tvGef enf;wm? udk,f0efaqmif rdcif rusef;rmwm rapmihfpnf;wmawGaMumihf jzpfap? a&m*gzdpD;vdkY awGa0 rdef;armNyD;


trSwf 1) qkawmif;uawmh oihfygw,f/ b0oHo&mrSmudk,fjzpfcsifwmudk qkawmif;cGihf &Sdw,fqdkayr,fh usefwJh qkawmif; ESpfckudkawmh bkef;BuD; rBudKufbl;/ 'Dae&mrSm jyvdk&if;ut0wfykqdk; vª'gef;wmeJY tvª'ge jyKNyD;aemuf oifhjrwfwJh qkawmif;rIwpfck jyK&w,fqdkwmudk ajymjycsifwmyg/ r*FvokwfrSm]ykaAÁ p uwyknwm = a&S;u jyKzl;wJh ukodkvfxl; &Sdygap}qdkwm 'grsKd;aygh/

'gaMumihf a0;vHwJh t&yfuvmNyD; NrdKUjyrSm y&d,wådpmay oiftHaeMuwJh &[ef; omraP av;awGudk tcgtcGihf oihfwdkif;ouFef;y&du©&m vª'gef;Edkifatmif BudK;pm;yg/qGrf;0wfjyK]ouf&Snf? qif;vS? csrf;om&? Av ÓmPfynm}qdkwJh tusKd;ig;rsKd;xJu ]qif;vS} qdkwm ½kyf&nf½lyg acsmarmvSyapwJh tusKd;aygh/tJ'D tusKd;udk &&SdapwJh tvªu ]qGrf;tvª} jzpfygw,f/ 'Dawmh½kyf&nf acsmarm vSycsif&if oHCmawmfawGudk rMumrMum qGrf;uyfvªyg/ txl;ojzihf uwå&mvrf;ay:rSm zdeyfryg xD;raqmif;bJudk&ifav;awG qGrf;cH <uaewmawGU&if MunfnKdpdwf 0ifEdkifatmifudk,fhpdwfudk jyKjyifyg/ tJ'D omoemh zl;yGihfav;awGtwGuf wpfZGef;pmrQaom qGrf;udk avmif;vªcsifpdwf ay:atmif avhusihfyg/y&d,wfpmayudk oifMum;aeMuwJh udk&ifi,f yÍöif;i,fawG tdrfudk qGrf;vmzdwf&if vufcHzdkY tdrfwHcg;udk tNrJzGifhxm;EdkifatmiftwwfEdkifqkH; qifjcifyg/½kyfacsm*gxm£ap ä,sKH ap yd,H ½lyH? yd,H rkcH ba0 ba0/'kr ®eH y&d0aZÆ,sKH? bma0,sKH okreH o'g/

bkef;BuD;&JU q&mbkef;BuD;u "r ®uxdu (w&m;a[m q&mawmf)jzpfawmh i,fpOf omrPb0eJY olY&JU "r ®uxdu rSwfpkpmtkyf u

274/ Or ®m'EÅ Dvdk 863

oihfw,f/ (Oyrm ajr;&Sd&if ajr;&SifjyK? ajr;r &Sd&ifvnf; oDv&Sifr0wfEdkif&ifawmif pdwfudk MunfEl;apEdkifwJh a,m*D0wf½kHav;eJY?'grSr[kwf udk,fwdkif &Sif&[ef; tjzpfeJY)/2) taz raocifu qE´jyKcJhzG,f r&Sdaomfvnf; ,ck vkyfvdkuf&if tazhtaeeJY auseyf tm;&oGm;zG,f&SdwJh tjcm; ukodkvfxl;wpfck vkyfoihfw,f/ (Oyrm y&d,wådpmoifwdkufawGrSm pmoifpmcs oHCmawGtwGuf abmvfyif? Avmpmtkyf? cJwH? pmoifom;okH; y&d,wådpmtkyfeJY y&du©&m (tokH;taqmif)awG rJazmufvª'gef;wmrsKd;)/3) udk,hftdrfrSm udk,fhrdom;pkcsnf; jzpfap? rpGrf;Edkif&if pGrf;EdkifoltdrfeD;csif;udk ac:íjzpfap? tdrfrSm qGrf;<uudk,fawmf (&Sd&if) yihfzdwfNyD; jzpfap wpfywf q,f&ufavmuf y|mef;ypö,eda'ó odkYr[kwf "r ®pMumwdkYudk ½GwfyGm;oihfw,f/ NyD;awmh ..

rdom;pk tcsif;csif; jzpfap? tjcm;oludk jzpfap zcif&JU ruG,fvGefrDu tiSm;ypönf; jyefay;p&m odkYr[kwf ta<u; qyfp&m (&SdcJh&if) tJ'gawG (bmypönf;yJjzpfjzpf)udk tazhudk,fpm; jyefay;oihfw,f/atmifjrifygap ..

276/ jzpfEdkifajc t&Sifbk&m;?wynhfawmfr&JU armifav; uG,fvGef;NyD;p oydwfoGyfuyfNyD; w&m; emaewJhtcsdefrSm wynhfawmfr wpfoufrSm wpfcgom&zl;wJhtykyfeHY &ygw,fbk&m;/ armifav; 'k*¾wdb0uae todvmay;wm jzpfEdkifwmudk wynhfawmfr rodcJhygbl;bk&m;/ trQa0wkef;u


vTrf;rdk;aevdkY? tvkyfyifyef; tdyfa&;ysufNyD; aoG;av acsmufcsm;vdkYvnf; jzpfEdkifp&m &Sdygw,f/ 'gayr,hf .. tdrfrufay;w,f? xl;xl;jcm;jcm; t&dyfta,mifawG awGU&w,fqdkwmrsKd;u Oyap ä'u(um;wdkufaoqkH;wmvdk oufwrf; rjynhfcif a&Smifwcif aoqkH;jcif;) jzpf&yfawGrSm awGU&avh &Sdw,f/

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275/ wrvGefolYqDodkY 865

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rr---------------------------

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276/ jzpfEdkifajc 867

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277/ tMum;tjrif 869

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277/ tMum;tjrif 871

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upvdkY a&muf&SdvmykHudk rawGUzl;? rzwfzl;rdygí oem;ojzifh ajzMum; &Sif;jyay;apvdkygonf bk&m;/ Dolphin Mg Mg

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278/ tajzrJhar;cGef; 873

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'gaMumihf emrnfBuD; vdkYqdkNyD; rdrd&JU b0eJY "eudk b,fawmhrSykHratmrdygaveJY/

vdr ®mjrifod ynm&Sd Ak'¨0g'Djzpf&if tJ'Dvdk tMum;tjrif q&mawGudk rsufpdpkHrSdwf ,kHMunfNyD; &mxl;wufr,f olaX;jzpfr,fqdkwJh tarQmfpdwfpGJeJY ¤if;wdkY aemufvdkuf&if; tcsdefukef vlyef;OpömjzKef; evydef;wkH; rvkyfbJ ]uHqdkwm tvkyf? tvkyfaumif;rSuHaumif;r,f}qdkwmudk OD;aESmufxJ oHrIdESufovdk pGJxm;NyD;udk,fhajcaxmufay: udk,f&yfwnf&if; ZGJ vkYHv owåd qifjcifwkHw&m; xdkav;yg;eJYom b0avmu"Hudk ausmfvTm;zdkY BudK;pm;oihfaMumif;yg/

278/ tajzrJhar;cGef; wynhfawmf Ak'¨bmom0if wpfa,muftaeeJY enf;enf;yg;yg; avhvmrdoavmuf uHuH&JUtusKd;udk ,kHrSm;oHo, r&Sdygbk&m;/ odkYayr,hf wjcm;aom zefqif;&Sif u,fwif&Sif 0g'rsm;onf vufawGUwGif usKd;aMumif;qDavsmfrI enf;aeonf[kvnf; cHp;rdygonf/ (Oyrm ajrrIefuae tm'rfjzpfvdkY&vQif? ajrBuD;udkyif pm;p&mtjzpf zefwD;EdkifcJhvQif vlrsm; vkyfudkifpm;aomuf&ef rvdkawmhNyD? tm'rf&JUeH½dk;uae {0jzpfvdkY&vQif ESpfacsmif;xkwfNyD; ESpfa,mufzef;qif;cdkif;vdkY &&ayrnf/) wynfhawmf r&Sif;onfrSm Ak'¨0g'usrf;*efü oHo&mrS vGwfaMumif;jzpfaom opömav;yg;usifhpOf ponfudk wdwdusus &Sif;jyygaomfvnf; owå0grsm; oHo&mxJ b,f


jyefwmudk awGU&w,f/ &SmazG&if; rlvrSwfudkyJ jyefa&mufoGm;wmudk awGU&w,f/ ouf&SdawG? opfyifawG? N*dK[fawG? j'yf0w¬KeJY pGrf;tifawG&JU rlvtaMumif;w&m;awGudk &SmazGawGY&SdMuNyD; jzpfayr,fhrdrdwdkY udk,fwdkif jzpfay:wnf&SdrI&JU rlv&if;jrpf a&S;OD; taMumif;w&m;udkawmh awGY&SdEdkifpGrf; r&SdMuao;ygbl;/ Oyrm DNA .. / tJ'DDNA j'yf0w¬K ESpfck&JU taMumif;w&m;u bmvJ/tajzr&S dAk'¨jrwfpGmuawmh owå0gawG&JU a&S;OD; rlv&if;jrpf taMumif;w&m;udk rodjrifEdkifbl; oHo&mtp r&Sdbl;qdkwmudk y#dp öorkyÜm'fa'oemeJY &Sif;jyxm;NyD; jzpfygw,f/ tJ'Dvdk tpr&Sdwmudk tpr&Sdbl;vdkY trSeftwdkif; odjrifvdkYyJ Ak'¨jrwfpGmudk oAÁnKw (tvkH;pkHod) ÚmPfawmf&SifvdkY qdkEdkifwmyg/

'gaMumihf rlv&if;jrpf taMumif;w&m; wpfckr&SdbJ owåavmu b,fvdkpwif jzpfay:vmovJ odkYr[kwf ]owå0grsm; oHo&mxJ b,fupvdkY a&muf&SdvmovJ} qdkwmeJY ywfoufvdkY Ak'¨g'Dwpfa,muf&JU tajzu &Sif;ygw,f ]'D ar;cGef;twGuf tajzr&Sdyg}wJh/tcsdefeJY tmumo (Time and Space)[m wpfckpD oD;jcm; r[kwfbJ wpfckESifhwpfck aMumif;usKd; qufjzpfpOfeJY trDSo[J jyKaew,fqdkwJh Relitivity oabmw&m;udk pOf;pm;Edkif&if b0oHo&m tpr&Sdqdkwmudk &dyfpm; rdEdkifavmufygw,f/Ak'¨ qkH;rtmumo&JU tqkH;udk odjrifzdkY cJ,Of;w,f/ tcsdef&JU oufwrf;udkem;vnfzdkYvnf; rvG,fbl;/ 'Dhxuf tcsdefeJY tmumo qdkwJht&mr&Sdawmh&if tcsdef tmumoqdkwmudk em;vnfzdkY ydkNyD; cJ,Of;oGm;awmhw,f/ tJ'DvdkyJ rlv&if;jrpf tpOD; taMumif;w&m;udk tajcjyKNyD; a[m'D urÇmavmu jzpfay:vmykHudk em;vnfzdkY cufcJygw,f/ tESDrlv&if;jrpf taMumif;w&m;&JU pwifjzpfwnfykHudk em;

278/ tajzrJhar;cGef; 875

Dear Sayadaw,

Referring to the answers of question No. 14 dated 15 Sep 2007, I

would like to request you to elaborate more about 'Doing Sangha

Kam'.

Moreover, general talking about meditation among three monks in

'Thain' can be 'Dividing of unity of Sangha'?

And please help me explain the meaning of reference guidance like

Wi 4, 367.

APM

---------------------------

Schism

The answer for Question No. 14 is just to give readers some

knowledge about 'The Kamma of Causing Schism in the Order

(Sangha-bhedaka-kamma)' which is on of five unintervenable

weighty deeds (Pancāntariya-kamma) and to let them know that

that is Sangha-kamma (= the work of monks) which only monks

can gather together in a Sima hall and do and so it can be

committed only by monks; still the ordinary householders, going

back and forth between the two sides and reporting good or bad

news to one another, can cause the division of united monks. I think the explanations I gave in such a small web page are

enough for general readers. If you want to know more about it,

please go farther to read the particular Vinaya Pitaka translations.

Not sure

I am sorry I am not sure of the meaning of second question.

Abbreviation

"Vi 4, 367" is an abbreviation of one of the original Pali Texts and

the page I quoted from. Most researchers add additional pages in

280. Enough

ig;rsKd; usrf;*efrSm jyw,f/ ur ®EÅ&m,f = yÍömeE Å&d, uHig;rsKd;udkusL;vGefol/ udavoEÅ&m,f = ed,wrdp äm'd|d t,l&Sdol? ObawmAsnf;? y@Kuf/ 0dyguEÅ&m,f = t[dwf? 'Gd[dwf y#doaEäeol/ynwåd0Dwduúr ®E Å&m,f = 0denf;odu©myk'f usL;vGefrdNyD; rukpm;wJh&[ef;awmfrsm;/ t&d,ly 0g'EÅ&m,f = t&d,yk*¾KdvfawGudk trsKd;ZmwfponfeJY pGyfpJG uJh&JUwif;qdk vkyfol/

tJ'D ig;rsKd;tjyif Ak'ëJY Ak'ä[mMum;wmudk r,kHolawG? r*fzdkvf&aMumif;tusihfudk rusihfvdkol? avmuD avmukwf ynmrJholawGvnf; r*fzdkvfeJY rywfoufEdkifbl; (0dok'¨d 1? 171)/

ukpm;0efcsv,fwDq&mawmf&JU tvdkt& tEÅ&m,fig;rsKd;xJrSm &[ef;awG0denf;jypfudk ukpm;&if? t&d,mawGtay: jypfrSm;rdwmudk awmif;yef&if r*fzdkvf&JU tEÅ&m,fudk rwm;jrpfbl;? usefwJh okH;rsKd;rSmawmhtJ'Dvdk >cif;csufrsKd; r&Sdbl;vdkY qdkw,f (tEk'DyeD? 66)/

yÍömeE Å&d,uH ig;rsKd;rSmygwJh rdbESpfyg;owfwJh tjypfudk usL;vGefrd&ifawmh no excuse ygyJ/ 'gayr,hf rdbeJY om;orD; aeYpOfqufqHa&;rSm ykxkZOfbm0 pdwfrxdef;EdkifvdkY udk,fEIwfpdwfeJY jyKrl?ajymqdk? pdwful;rdwmavmufuawmh tEl;tñGwf awmif;yef&ifr*fzdkvf&JU tEÅ&m,fudk rwm;Edkif&mygbl;/

oHo&m [lonfrif;BuD; þt&yf þbkHü jzpfí þt&yf þbkHüyifvQif ao\/þt&yf þbkHküaoí wpfyg;aomt&yf wpfyg;aom bkHü jzpfjyef\/ xdkt&yf xdkbkHü aoí wpfyg;aom t&yf wpfyg;aombkHü jzpfjyef\/ rif;BuD; þodkYvQif oHo&monf jzpf\/

(rdvdE-jref? pm? 88-89)/

279/ awmif;yefyg 877 vnfzdkYqdk&if ydkNyD; rcJ,Of;bl;vm;/ 'gaMumihf Ak'¨&Sifawmfjrwfu

]avmupdE Åm bdu©a0 tpdaEÅ,sm = &[ef;wdkY? avmut&mudkrBuHpnfMuESihf (tH 1? 392)}vdkY rdefYrSmawmfrlwm jzpfygw,f/avmutaMumif; pMu0VmtaMumif;udk BuHpnfpOf;pm;zdkYu ody ÜHynm&SifawG twGufyJ csefxm;oihfavrvm;/

vlawG pdwf0ifpm;Edkifayr,fh 0drkwåd ('ku©rSvGwfajrmufrI)ESifhrywfoufjcif;? ar;cGef;udku vlwpfa,muf&JU tqifhrrDwJh em;vnfrI&JU &v'f jzpfaejcif;wdkYaMumihf tJ'Dvdk ar;cGef;rsKd;udk Ak'üdk,fwdkif rajzMum;cJhygbl;/ 'gaMumihf ouf&Sd b,fup qdkwmeJYywfoufwJh oDtdk&DawG ,kHMunfrIawGudk pOf;pm;aer,fhtpm;'ku©rS vGwfajrmufrItwGuf usifhpOfeJY tJ'Dusihf pOfudk usihfzdkYu ydkta&;rBuD;bl;vm;/ jrm;rSefol yxrqkH;vkyf&rSmu cE¨mudk,fxJu jrm;udk t&ifqkH; z,f&Sm;ypfzdkYyJav/

279/ awmif;yefyg t&Sifbk&m;?

wynhfawmf rdbESpfyg;udk vkyfauR;wJh om;wpfa,mufyg bk&m;/t&if i,fi,fwkef;u jiLplrdwm &SdcJhygw,f bk&m;/ tJ'D tjypftwGuf w&m;tm;xkwfygu r*fzdkvf& r& odvdkygw,f bk&m;/

oufoef;xGef;---------------------------

r*fzd kvfr&w&m; tm;xkwfayr,fh r*fzdkvfudkr&atmif wm;qD;wJh tEÅ&m,f


front of their book, showing the abbreviations they will use. I add

the abbreviations in my answers just for the persons who can read

the original Pali Text and easily can pick up the Text and page I

show. For ordinary readers, it is better to leave it. There are two

main Burmese Tipitaka abbreviation systems; one is like in Shattha-

sangayana Canon and the other in the Tipitaka Pali-Myanmar

Distionary. Here I prefer the first one to the second. Vi 4 is

contracted of Vinaya Pitaka Vol. 4, which is called Culavagga Pali,

and the number 367 is for the page of it.

281/ olawmif;pm;eJY bkef;BuD; a&S;OD;pGm q&mawmftm; &Sdcdk;ygw,f bk&m;/ wynhfawmf odcsifwmu vrf;ab;rSm awmif;&rf;wJh ta':BuD; tzGm;BuD; t½G,f olawmif;pm;awGeJY emrnfBuD;NyD; 'umawGrsm;wJh bkef;BuD;awGudkvª'gef;&mrSm ukodkvf&wmcsif; wlygovm;/ rnfonfh yk*¾Kdvfudkvª'gef;&if ukodkvfydk&w,fqdkwJh tqkH;trrsm; &Sd&if odvdkygw,fbk&m;/ aemufwpfckrSm romwpfacguf vdkufydkYvdkY &wJh ukodkvfuausmif;q,fcg a&mufNyD; &wJh ukokdvfeJY nDw,fqdkwJh pum;rSefygovm;/ tJ'Dpum;&JU t"dyÜm,fudk odvdkygonf/

Eh Dah

---------------------------

[mrdkeDtif; .. olawmif;pm; tzGm;tdkeJY emrnfausmf bkef;BuD;vdkY qdkvdkufawmh bkef;BuD; &[ef;jzpfpu ]aomif;ajymif;axGvm} pm

281/ olawmif;pm;eJY bkef;BuD; 879

q&mawmf t&Sifjrwfbk&m;?rodí ar;avQmuf&jcif; jzpfygonf bk&m;/ yk*¾Kdvfwpfa,mufonf yXrr*fudk usihfpOfu &&SdcJhaom psmeftqihfwpfckck &SdcJhvQifaemuftqihf r*fudk usihfonhftcg ¤if;psmefonf qufvuf vdkufygvmomvm; odkYr[kwf xyfrH usihf,l&ygovm; bk&m;/

½dkaovsuf w&m;odvdkol---------------------------

usih fpOfudavomudk y,fEdkifwJh ,k*e'ÿ#dy'g (tpkHwG J,SOfusih fpOf)av;rsKd;&Sdw,f ..1) orm"dudk tm;xkwfNyD;rS 0dyóem ½Ijcif;2) 0dyóem ½INyD;rS orm"dudk tm;xkwfjcif;3) orx 0dyóemudk wpfNydKifeuf ½Ijcif; (Oyrm- yXpsmefudk0ifpm;? tJ'D psmefrSxNyD; ocFg&udk½I/ ocFg&udk ½INyD; 'kwd,psmefudk0ifpm;/ xdkenf;twdkif; ½lyt½ly psmef&Spfyg;udk wpfckpD 0ifpm;?wpfckpD&JU tjcm;rJhrSm ocFg&udk ½Ijcif;)4) Mobmo (tvif; a&mif)paom 0dyóem npfnL;aMumif;q,frsKd;aMumihf jzpfwJh wPSm rme 'd|dudk y,fí 0dyóem pdwftpOfodkY ouf0ifNyD; tm;xkwfjcif; (y#dor Çd'gr*¾? 238-ponf)/psmefESpfrsK d;pl;pl;pdkufpdkuf ½Ijcif;? eD0&Pw&m;awGudk ½IdUypf(azsmufypf)jcif;qdkwJh owådESpfck&SdvdkY txufyg usifpOfudk usihfaewJh a,m*D&JUoEÅmefrSm jzpfay:vmwJh 0dwuf 0dpm& yDwd okc {u*¾wm[laomapwodufig;yg;udk ]psmef}vdkY ac:w,f/ psmefESpfrsKd;&Sdw,f? tm&r ®PlypsmefeJY vu©Plypsmef/ ½lyt½lypsmefawGu uodkPf; tokbpwJh tm½kHudk½IvdkY tm&r ®Plypsmef trnf&w,f/ avmuDpsmefvdkY

282/ ,k*e'ÿ#dy'g

cGihf&Sdw,f/ oHCdu'ge (oHCmudk &nfñTef;wJh tvª)xJrSmawmh&[ef;awGudkyJ oHCmvdkY ,l&w,f/ oHCmvdkY qdk&mrSm &[ef;wpfyg;wnf;vnf; oHCmxJrSm tusKH;0ifwmyJ/ tJ'Dwpfyg;[mykxkZOf qdk&ifawmh 'u©daP,s (jrwfaom tvªcH) r[kwfbl;(tEk'DyeD? 27)}/ 'Dpmt& aomwmyef? ou'g*grf? tem*grfvlyk*¾KdvfawG[m 'u©daP,s? &[ef;wpfyg;udkvnf; oHCmtrSwfeJY vª&if 'u©daP,s jzpfaMumif; em;vnf&w,f/ukodkvfyd k&tJ'D em;vnfrIeJY 'Dvdk awG;MunhfEdkifw,f .. vrf;ab;u olawmif;pm; tzGm;BuD;[m aomwmyefjzpf&if 'u©daP,s/ emrnfausmf bkef;BuD;[m ykxkZOf oDv0E Å (oDv&Sdol)jzpfNyD; tJ'Dbkef;BuD; wpfyg;udkyif oHCmqdkwJh todeJYvª&if 'u©d aP,syJ/ ykxkZOf'kóDv(oDvrJh) bkef;BuD;wpfyg;wnf; jzpfayr,hf oHCmqdkwJhtodeJYvª&if 'u©daP,sxJ ygcGihf&Sdw,f (oHaCm [d 'kóDavmemr ew¬d/ r-| 4? 225)/

'gayr,hf oDv0EÅ ykxkZOf bkef;BuD;wpfyg;udk yk*¾KdvfpGJeJY cifrifvdkYvª&if ukodkvf&ayr,hf 'u©daP,s rjzpfbl;/ ykxkZOf oDvrJhbkef;BuD;udkyJ yk*¾KdvfpGJeJY cifrifvdkY vª&if tusKd;r&Sdbl;/ olawmif;pm; oDvrJh tzGm;BuD;qdk&ifvnf; tvª&JUtusKd; r&Sdbl;/romtdrfromtdrfudk oGm;wJhtcg tJ'D rom½kyf? usef&pfolawG&JU aomuNcKHESvkH;om;udk jrifawGU BuKHod&vdkuf&cdkuf jzpfay:vmwJh pdwfcHpm;rI[m bkef;BuD;ausmif;udk OykofapmihfzdkY oGm;wJh tawGUtBuKHxufrsm;pGm odkYr[kwf q,fqydkNyD; vlwpfa,muf&JU pdwfudk oufa&mufrI jzpfapEdkifw,f/ 'gaMumihf romtdrfudk wpfacgufoGm;jcif;eJY bkef;BuD;ausmif;udk q,facgufoGm;jcif; tusKd;w&m;csif;wlEdkifwmaygh/

281/ olawmif;pm;eJY bkef;BuD; 881 apmifrSm pma&;q&m aomfwmaqG a&;wmudk trSwf&w,f/ olY

acgif;tkH;pGyfeJY ollYZeD;&JU twGif;cHt0wfudk a&mNyD;avQmfvdkY olYZeD;u t0wfvmavQmfwJh rdef;uav;udk qlawmh ]tajrmufxJ xnhfypfwkH;u usnfqH? aemufawmh bk&m;yef;tkd;? vlawG[m w,fvnf; tpGJoefMuygvm;}vdkY olawG;owJh/ olYpmudk zwfqJ bkef;BuD;vnf; ]tajrmufqHudk yef;tdk;vkyfwm vltrsm; vufcHEdkifayr,hf ZeD;twGif;0wfudk acgif;aygif;NyD; pma&;ol vrf;udk xGuf&Jyghrvm; ..}vdkY qefYusifbuf tjrifrsKd; jzpfzl;w,f/

tcsdeftcg ae&ma'o tajctaet& wefzdk;edrfhjrifh owfrSwfNyD; vufcHjcif; jiif;y,fjcif; jyK&wm[m vdrfrmwJh obm0 pGrf;&nfeJY avmuudk [mrdkeD (vdkufavsmnDaxG) jzpfatmif vkyfwmyJav/ udpör&Sd/tqihfqih f]oDv&Sdol[m uH&JUtusKd;udk ,kHMunfNyD; MunfvifwJh o'¨gw&m;eJYw&m;ojzihf&wJh ypönf;udk oDv&Sdoltm; vª'gef;rS tvª&JUtusKd;BuD;w,f (r 3? 296)}/ ]½dk½dkaoao? pdwfygvufyg? udk,fwkdif&JUvufjzifh? vTihfypfovdk r[kwfbJ? uH uH&JUtusKd;udk ,kHNyD; vª&iftvªcHyk*¾Kdvf&JU oDv orm"d ynm usifhokH;rI tqihftvdkuftusKd;BuD;w,f (tH 3? 196)}/

Oyrm oDvrJhol? oDv&Sdol? aomwmyef? ou'g*grf? tem*grf?&[EÅmvdkY yk*¾KdvfawGudk tqifhtvkduf pOfxm;&if tqihf jrifholudkvª'gef;wmu ydktusKd;&Sdw,f/ Ak'¨0g'rSm vlwpfa,muf&JU wefzdk;udk&mxl;? tmPm? pnf;pdrf? ausmfMum;rIawGeJY rqkH;jzwfbl;/ udk,fusihfoDv aumif;jcif; qdk;jcif;eJYyJ wefzkd;jzwfw,f/

'u©daP,s]yk*¾vdu(wpfOD;csif;)tvª&JU tvªpifMu,frI ('u©dPm0dok'¨d)jzpf&mrSm aomwmyef ou'g*grf tem*grf jzpfNyD;wJh vl omraPwdkY yg


vnf; ac:Edkifw,f/ tedpö 'ku© tewå[laom vu©Pma&; okH;yg;udk½IvdkY r*fpdwf zdkvfpdwfawGeJY ,SOfNyD; jzpfay:vmwJh tJ'D apwoduf ig;yg;udkawmh vu©PlypsmefvdkY ac:w,f/ avmukwå&mpsmefvdkYvnf; ac:Ekdifw,f/a,m*DESpfrsK d;r*fzdkvfudk&zdkY tm;xkwfwJh a,m*DESpfrsKd;&Sdw,f/ psmevmbD (psmef&ol)eJY oku©0dyóu (psmefr&ol)/ psmevmbD yk*¾KdvfawGrSm psmefESpfrsKd;vkH; &Edkifw,f/ oku©0dyóu yk*¾KdvfawGuawmh r*fcPrSm,SOfwGJNyD; jzpfay:wJh vu©PlypsmefudkyJ &Edkifw,f/ 'gaMumihf]tyÜemodkY ra&mufaom avmukwå&r*f&,fvdkY r&Sdbl;qdk}wJh(tbd-| 1? 274)pum;eJY ]yXrawmh psmefudk rESpfoufbJ 0dyóemyJ ½Iayr,hf r*fpdwfjzpfwJh tcgrSmawmh ,k*e'ÿ#dy'g (tpkHwGJ,SOfusihfpOf)t& psmefudk ESpfoufrI r&Sdbl;vdkY rqdkEdkifawmhbl;(tH-#D 1? 119)}qdkwmawGu vu©Plypsmefudk &nf½G,fwm jzpfygvdrfhr,f/ (tyÜemeJY psmefqdkwm t"dyÜm,fwl a0g[m& jzpfygw,f/)avQmrustxufyg &Sif;vif;csufawGt& w&m;tm;xkwfol a,m*DESpfrsKd;vkH;taeeJY &&SdNyD; r*ftcdkuftwHhrSm jzpfcJhwJh vu©Ply psmefawGqkwf,kwf roGm;Edkifygbl;/ bmaMumifqdk r*fpdwf&JU rajymif;rvJwnfwHhcdkifNrJwJh owådaMumifhygyJ/ 'gaMumihf yXrr*feJY,SOfNyD; jzpfcJhwJhvu©PlypsmefvdkYac:wJh apwodufawG[m t&nftcsif; edrfhusroGm;bJ txufr*fawGeJY ,SOfNyD;jzpfwJhtcg ydkrdk tm;aumif;oGm;w,fvdkY qdkEkdifzG,f&Sdygw,f/ bkef;BuD;txift& tm&r ®PlypsmefawGuawmh avmuD psmefawG jzpfvdkY psmevmbD a,m*DtaeeJYqVmbdn odkYr[kwf y#dor Çd'gywå &[E Åmrjzpfcif atmufr*fatmufzdkvf tcdkufrSm a,m*D&JU yk*¾vZÑmo, tvdkuf jyefusihf,l&wmrsKd; jzpfEdkifzG,f &Sdygw,f/

282/ ,k*e'ÿ#dy'g 883 qif;&Sifuawmh rtkdremraobJ xm0& NrJaeol? teEÅpMu0Vmudk

zefqif;wJh olY&JU r[mwefcdk;udk b,fvdk&w,fqdkwm rodbl;/tJ'Dawmh ewfawG&JU vkyfykHeJY vnf; rwlEdkifawmhbl;/ "mwfav;yg;azmufjyefvdkY rdk;½Gmjcif; r½Gmjcif; jzpfw,fqdk&if ewfawGu rdrdwdkY&JU arG;&myg ur ®Zd'¨deJY tJ'D "mwfav;yg; azmufjyefatmif rvkyfEdkifbll;vm;/

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283/ ewfeJY zefqif;&Sif 885

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283/ ewfeJY zefqif;&Sif

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Tar Win

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wynfhawmf a':½lyg---------------------------

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ar 2? 2013/ ----------------

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cif,if;rm---------------------------

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0if;xGef;xGef;---------------------------

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---------------------------

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290/ NidK;avol&JU ed*kH; b,fqDrSm

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EdkifiHrSm rdrdaeonhf tdrfrSmyif Ak'¨qif;wkudk wifxm; udk;uG,fcGihfr&Sdojzihf Ak'¨qif;wkawmfrsm;udk w0BuD; zl;jrifvdkjcif; (2) *kPfawmfudk;yg;udk 207 ywf ykwD;pdyftNyD;rSm Ak'¨"mwfawmfrsm; pkaygif;&m jrefrmhusufoa&aqmif '*kHqHawmf&Sif apwDawmfjrwfBuD;onf tpGef;a&muf ppfaoG;<uwdkY\ ab;&efrS uif;a0;NyD;urÇmrausbl;qdkwJh trdjrefrmjynfrSm umv&SnfMum wnfwHhEdkifygapvdkY qkawmif;vdkjcif; (3) wpfOD;wnf;aom nD0rf;uGJ yef;ykq&mESihf awGUvdkjcif;wdkYaMumihf jzpfygonf/

2013? ar 1-&ufu a½Twd*kHbk&m; ta&SUapmif;wefrSmnDESihfawGUpOf olxkxm;wJh odMum;rif; ½kyfwkrSm rkwfqdwfarT; ygaevdkY ewfrSm rkwfqdwfarT; r&Sdr&Sd nDawmfarmifESihf jiif;ckHrdMuygonf/ xdkudpöudk oem;aomtm;jzihf qkH;jzwfay;apcsifygonft&Sifbk&m;/

a'gufwm odef;xG#fatmif---------------------------

ewfESpfrsK d;ajrudk wnfrSDNyD;aewJh ewfeJY tmumorSmaewJh ewfvdkY wnf&SdwJhae&mudk tajccHNyD; ewfESpfrsKd;vdkY ajymcGihf&Sdygw,f/ ajrrSDewfqdkwm'DurÇmajray:rSm &SdwJhewfawG/ NyD;awmh pmwkr[m&mZfeJY wm0wðom ewftcsKdUvnf; ygw,f/ urÇmajrudk rSDwJhewfawGudk opfyifawm awmif vdkPf*lpwJh ,if;wdkY aexdkif&mudk tpGJjyKNyD;awmhvnf; ½ku©pdk; awmpdk; awmifpdk; vdkPfpdk; ponfjzihf ac:cGihf &SdwmygyJ/ vlYbkHeJY pyfaewJh tJ'D ewfawGu trd0rf;udef;? oHao'Z?OyygwfvdkY oaEökH;rsKd; &Sdw,f/ pmwkr[m&mZf wm0wðompwJhtxuf ewfjynfajcmufxyfrSmawmh Oyygwfy#doaEÿJ aew,f/

ewf½kyfoGifouúyÍSokwf? tm#mem#d,okwf? ygVdawmfESihf t|uxmawGudk


Zefe0g&D 29? 2013/-------------------

½kdaopGm avQmufxm;tyfygw,f t&Sifbk&m;/ bkef;bkef;awG&JU w&m;qkH;wJh tcgjzpfap? wpfckck vª&ifjzpfap? olrsm;u trQa0&ifjzpfap y&dowfu om"kac:Muygonf/ bmaMumihf om"kac:ygoenf;/ Ak'¨vufxufu tJ'Dvdk om"k ac:Muygovm;/ om"k&JUt"dyÜm,fudkvnf; odvdkygonf/ om"kac:&if b,fvdk tusKd;udk&ygoenf;/ aus;Zl; txl;wifygonf t&Sifbk&m;/

EdkEdkat;-----------------

&SnfvSom"k&ufuef;onf rdef;uav;udk Ak'ü ]b,fu vmovJ}ar;awmh]rodyg}vdkY ajzwJhtcg Ak'ü ]om"k om"k rdef;uav; .. igbk&m;ar;wmudk oif ajzEdkifayw,f}vdkY rdefYawmfrlw,fqdkwJh Zmwfvrf;udk Mum;zl;rSmaygh/ Ak'üdk,fwdkifeJY tjcm;aom &[EÅmBuD;awG[m"r®eJYywfoufNyD; ESpfouf oabmuswJhtcg tJ'Dvdk om"kac:MuaMumif; Ak'¨pmayrSm om"uawG trsm;BuD;&Sdw,f/ Ak'¨vufxufuyif om"k&SdvdkY om"k&JU ordkif;aMumif;u &SnfvSNyD/ Ak'¨ omoemordkif;eJY xyfwlygyJ/ om"k&JU t"dyÜm,fu ]aumif;pG}vdkY jzpfygw,f/ BudKufESpfoufwJh wkHYjyefcsufudk t*Fvdyfvdk 'Good! Great!

Excellent!' qdkwJh tmar!dwfrsKd; jzpfr,fvdkY ,lqygw,f/ av,lavodrf; toHtedrfhtjrifhay: rlwnfNyD; jcm;em;rIvnf; &SdEdkifaumif;ygw,f/qifhurf;om"kom"koHrSm ]tcRefESpfcGygwJh "m;a`rSmifawGeJY tpGef;a&muft,lonf; tMurf;zuf ppfaoG;<u}qdkwmrsKd; jzpfvmzdkY vlawGudk

291/ csKd;jzL awmifyHcwfoH

csKd;jzL awmifyHcwfoH

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o'¨r®a'oemumav? om"kom"lwd bmoawm/rkcawm Zm,aw *aE¨m? OyÜvH0 ,axm'au/w&m;empOf 0rf;ajrmuf½Tif EIwfwGifom"k ac:ygav/ac:olYcHwGif; MumeHYoif; rysif;r&d vkyfygav/

292/ ewfrkwfqdwf

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292/ ewfrkwfqdwf 905 vkH;0 roifMum;wJhtjyif ordkif;wpfavQmufvkH; om"koHaMumihf

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292/ ewfrkwfqdwf 907 wm0wðomewfjynfü? vuf,matmuf pG,fawmfonf e*g;jynfü?

vuf0Jtxuf pG,fawmfonf *E¨m&wdkif;ü (,ck w½kwfjynfupG,fawmf)? vuf0Jatmuf pG,fawmffonf uvd*FEdkifiHü (,ck oD[kdVfu pG,fawmf) wnf&Sd MuNyD; oGm;awmfav;q,fESifh qHawmfarG;ñSif;awmfwdkYudkrl ewfjA[®mwdkYu pMu0Vm tqifhqifhodkY wpfqlpD ,laqmif oGm;Mu\/ OPÖvkH arG;&SifawmfrSm aumovwdkif;üwnf&Sd\ (trSwf 10-12? 14-*gxm)}vkdY jzpfygw,f/OD;acgif;cG HAk'¨&JU OD;acgif;cGH[m rD;ravmifuRrf;bJ usef&pfcJhw,f qdkwmudkax&0g'&JU ygVdawmf rSwfwrf;rSm rawGUzl;yg/

294/ bmompkHnDñGwfa&; q&mawmfrsm;xH ½dkaopGm avQmufxm;tyfygonf bk&m;?rMumrDu jrefrmEdkifiHrSm jzpfyGm;cJhwJh bmoma&; tMurf;zufrIawGjzpfay: &wmeJY ywfoufNyD; bmaMumihf tJ'Dvdkjzpf &ovJ?b,folu pvkyfwmvJ? aemufxyf rjzpfatmif b,fvdkvkyfrvJpwJh aqG;aEG; ajymqdkoHawGudk ,ckwavm us,fus,f avmifavmif Mum;ae&ygonf/ bmomw&m; tm;vkH;[m Nidrf;csrf;a&;udk oifMum;Muwmcsnf; jzpfvdkY bmom0ifawG tm;vkH; twl,SOfwGJ aexdkifa&; qdkNyD;awmhvnf; vIyf&Sm;rIawGudk awGUjrifaeygonf/ tqdkyg acgif;pOfrsm;ESihf ywfoufí q&mawmfwdkYu rnfodkYaqG; aEG;vdkygoenf;/ bmoma&;ESihf ywfoufonfh taMumif;t&m jzpfojzihf q&mawmfwdkY&JU xifjrifcsufudk odcGihf&vQiftusKd;&Sdrnf[kvnf; ,kHMunfygonf/

owif;orm;wpfOD;---------------------------


awmfrsm;rSm ,cktcg aysmufqkH;oGm;ygNyDvm; odkYr[kwf rnfonhft&yfa'oawGrSm zl;awGUEdkifygoenf;/ usrf;*efwdkYü azmfjyonfudkodvdkygonf/

bdkbdkatmif---------------------------

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293/ Ak'ÖD;acgif;cGH 909 vsuf? rsufawmifcyfvSnhf? cHodkYrSnhfí? arQmfMunfhrvIyf? apmihf

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293/ Ak'ÖD;acgif;cGH t&Sifbk&m;? 2008 ckESpfavmufu w½kwfjynf eefusif;NrdKUwGifjrwfAk'¨\ OD;acgif;cGH "mwfawmfudk bk&m;ausmif;wpfck\ apwDysufrS wl;azmfawGU&Sd&aMumif; You Tube wGif Munhf½I&ygonf/jrwfpGmbk&m;\ udk,fcE¨mudk rD;oN*ØK[fNyD;aemuf "mwfawmf tcsKdUrSm rD;ravmifuRrf;yJ <uif;usef&pfcJhonf[k zwfzl;ygojzihf tqdkygOD;acgif;cGH "mwfawmfrSm rD;ravmifuRrf;onhf "mwfawmfrsm;wGifyg0ifrnf[k ,lqygonf/ rD;ravmifyJ <uif;usef&pfaom "mwf


0g'&if;jrpfbmom t,l0g'awG&JU &if;jrpfu Holly Scriptures (usrf;jrwf) awGyJ/ tcsKdU bmomt& tJ'Dusrf;pmawGudk aumif;uif Adkvfajcocifxm0&t&Sifu vlom; wrefawmfqDuwpfqifh vlavmuudk csay;cJhwmjzpfvdkY urÇmay:rSm tjynhfpkHqkH;vdkY ,kHMunfNyD; usrf;pmrSmygwJhtwdkif; vdkufemusihfokH;Muw,f/ Ak'¨bmomuawmh oDvorm"d ynm usihfpOfudk ½Gyf½GyfcRHcRH tm;xkwf&if; aAm"dÚmPfudk&oGm;wJhtwGuf Ak'ÿgvdkY udk,fhudk,fudk aMunmcJhwJh vlom;bk&m;&JU a[mMum;csufawGudk rSwfwrf;wifxm;wJh y#duwfokH;ykH usrf;pmawGaygh/ tJ'D usrf;pmawGrSm vlawGudk Nidrf;csrf;atmif b,fvdkoifMum;ovJ qdkwmudk qef;ppfMunhfNyD;rS ]bmomw&m; tm;vkH;[m Nidrf;csrf;a&;udk oifMum;wmcsnf;}qdkwJh pum;udk tjynhft0 vufcH&vdrfhr,f ..uk&ftmef (5:54) O ye who believe! Take not the Jews and the Christians for your

friends and protetors: they are but friends and protectors to each other.

(2:191) Fight in the cause of God those who fight you. And slay them

wherever you catch them. (8:12) I will instil terror into the hearts of the

unbelievers: Smite ye above their necks and smite all their finger-tips off

them.

(5;54) tdk .. ,kHMunfolwdkY? *sL;rsm;ESihf c&pf,efrsm;udk toifwdkY\ rdwfaqG apmihfa&Smufoltjzpf rjyKvkyfMuESihf/ ¤if;wdkYrSm tcsif;csif;om taqGcifyGef;jyKNyD; apmihfa&SmufMu\/ (2;191) toifwdkYonf tv’m[f t&Sifjrwf\ vrf;awmfü toifwdkYtm; qefYusifvmolwdkYudk wdkufcdkufMuavukef/ xdkYjyif toifwdkYonf xdkrdp äm'd|dwdkYtm; zrf;rd&mt&yfü okwfoif &Sif;vif;Muavukef/ (8;12) ig(tv ’m) t&Sifjrwfonf r,kHMunfolwdkY\ pdwfrsm;ü aMumuf½GHUrIudkxnfhtHh/ toifwdkYonf r,kHrMunf aoGznfjiif;y,faom olwdkY\

294/ bmompkHnDñGwfa&; 911 jznf; avsmhyg;oGm;ykH&aMumif; okawoDwdkY qdkw,f/ 'Dtcsdefu

pNyD; vlawG&JU arG;&myg vlom;qefwJh ESvkH; om;eJY usrf;jrwfudkem;vnf vdkufemwJhtwGuf c&pf,efwdkY&JU tawG;tjrifawG us,fjyefYvmcJhvdkY rmomx&DZmvdk arwåm&SifawGudk awGUjrifMu&w,f/t,mwdkvmcdkareD? qwf'ef[lpdef? u'gzD? bifvm'if .. w½kwftaemufawmifydkif;? xdkif;awmifydkif;eJY ta&SUwDarmu cGJxGufa&;0g'DawG .. usawmh usrf;*efudk twdtus pGJudkifxm;wJh pmtkyfBuD;orm; awGvdkY qdkEdkifavrvm;/

tar&duefwdkY&JU ya,m*aMumihf tpövrf0g'D av;oef;ausmfaoqkH;xm;wJhtwGuf bifvm'ifwdkY (t,fvfcdkuf'g) tkyfpku tar&duefvlrsKd; av;oef; owfypfzdkY tpDtpOf&SdowJh/ 'DvlawG'Dvkd wkHYjyefzdkY tNidK;xm;aewm Holly usrf;pm&JU wGef;tm;jzpfw,fvdkY Athiests (zefqif;&SifrJh0g'D)awGu a0zefaeMuw,f/ ckqdk ,if;wdkY&JU vufxJudk tEkjrLvufeuf a&mufoGm;rSmudk tar&duefawGaoravmuf pdk;&drfaew,f/ tEkjrLAkH;aMumihf wpfaeYwnf;rSm vlESpfodef;ausmf aooGm;wJh *syefawGu bmaMumihf tar&duefudktJ'Dvdk jyefvkyfzdkY pdwful;r&SdwmvJvdkY pOf;pm;p&myg/

jyefMunhf&ift*FvdyfwdkY e,fcsJUwJhtcg a'ocHawG&JU ,kHMunfudk;uG,frIudkav;pm;w,f/ a½Twd*kHbk&m;ay: zdeyfpD; rwufeJYqdk rwufbl;bJ/q&mawmfawGudk t*¾r[my@dwbJGUawmif ay;vdkufao;w,f/'gudk tkyfcsKyfa&;ynm wwfuRrf;wJh tjyif ESvkH;om; jynhf0w,fvdkY qdkEdkifw,f/ 'gaMumihfvnf; Ak'¨0g'DawGrsm;wJh jrefrm? ,dk;',m;?vmtdk? uarÇm'D;,m;? oD&dvuFm? AD,uferfvdk EdkifiHawGrSm,aeYxdwpfavQmufvkH; Ak'ëJYc&pf &efjzpfoH rMum;&wmaygh/

Munhf .. at'D 13 &mpk? tdE´d,udk r[mar'ifawG0ifawmh ESpfaygif; ESpfaxmif eD;yg; w&m;"r® a[mMum; aqG;aEG; jiif;ckefNyD;


rSwfcsuf/ / Ak'¨bk&m;&JU ]bdu©KwdkY? igrSwpfyg; tjcm;aombk&m;trnfcHolrsm;tm; udk;uG,fqnf;uyfolawGudk awGUwJhae&mrSm owfjzwfMu}qdkwJh Mo0'grsKd;udk Ak'üsrf;*efrSm vkH;0 &SmrawGUyg/ &SmawGUcJh&ifvnf; Ak'¨taeeJY b,favmufyJ ]&efudk &efcsif; rwkHYESif;ESihf} qdkqdk? arwåm u½kPmyJ a[ma[m pum;vkH;vSvdkY toHaumif;vdkY em;axmif½kHuvGJNyD; wynhf &[ef;oHCm tm;vkH;[m azmfjyyg "r®y'w&m;udk ,kHMunfMuawmhrSm r[kwfbl;/wpfzufrSm ]&efoludk cspfyg? olrsm;udk rqkH;jzwfygeJY}? wpfzufrSm]csMu}qdkawmh rD;pwpfzuf a&rIwfwpfzuf jzpfaerSmaygh/

usD;cifykyfusrf;jrwfawGrSm ygwJh tawG;tjrifudk OD;aESmuf rzGHYNzdK;ao;wJhuav;i,f wpfa,mufpDudk oifMunhfyg/ rnfonhf uav;uNidrf;csrf;a&;udk ydkESpfoufrvJ/ Holly usrf;pmudk udkifpGJíyif tv,facwfrSm r,kHMunfolawGudk owfjzwfwJh Inquisition *dkPf;awG .. ,ckacwfrSm Jihad ppfyGJ qifETJr,fvdkY a<u;aMumfavh&SdwJht,fvfcdkuf'g wmvDAef [mrwfpf [pfpfAdkvmvdk ppfaoG;<utkyfpkawG .. ay:vm&w,fvdkYqdk&if tawmf jzpfEdkifajc &Sdygw,f/ ckepf&mpk tm&ADbmomeJY a&;xm;wJh Holly usrf;pmyg pum;vkH;awGudktm&yfvlrsKd;awG t"dyÜm,f zGihfqdkwm[m rrSm;wef&mygbl;/

NyD;awmh Jihad a0g[m&eJY ppfyGJ qifETJcJhwm tmz&du wpfwdkufvkH;yg/ Oa&myrSm c½l;qdwfppfyGJ/ tJ'Duae ½k&Sm; taemufawmifydkif;eJY tdE´d,xd a&mufwmyJ/ ta&SUtv,fydkif;rSm tiftm;NydKif tjcm; bk&m;ocifwpfql&JU txl;a½G;cs,fcH *sK;awGeJY awGUawmh ,aeYxd usD;ESihf cifykyfyJ/

tawG;jrif heydkvD,ef ppfyGJawGNyD;aemuf 19 &mpktpydkif;rSm vlawG tawG;tac: jrifhvmwJhtwGuf c&pf,ef Inquisition awGvnf; wjznf;

294/ bmompkHnDñGwfa&; 913 vnfukyfrsm;udk ckwfjzwfMuavukef/ xdkenf;wlpGm toif wdkY

onf ¤if;wdkY\ vufacsmif;rsm;\ tqpfrsm;udk wckpD jzwfawmufMuavukef/or®musrf;Exodus 20:3: Thou shalt have no other gods before me. 20:4:Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image, or any likeness of any thing that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth: 20:5: Thou shalt not bow down thyself to them, nor serve them: for I the Lord thy God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate me.

xGuf 20;3/ igrSwpfyg; tjcm; aombk&m;udk rudk;uG,fESihf/4/ txufrdk; aumif;uifü vnf;aumif;? ajrBuD;atmuf a&xJüvnf;aumif;&Sdaom t&mESihf ykHoP ²mefwlatmif ½kyfwkqif;wkudkukd,ftbdkY rvkyfESifh/ 5/ OD;rcs 0wfrjyKESihf/ taMumif;rlum; oif\ bk&m;ocif igxm0&bk&m;onf oifü tjypf&Sdonf[k ,kHvG,faombk&m;? ighudk rkef;aomolwdkY\ trsKd;tpOftquf? wwd,tquf? pwkwåtquf wdkifatmif tbwdkY\ tjypfudk om;wdkYüqyfay;pD&ifaom bk&m;jzpfownf;/

rSwfcsuf/ / bkef;BuD;taeeJY txufyg usrf;pmawGxJrSESpfouf&m tqkH;trawGudk vdkufemusihfokH;zdkY &nf½G,fNyD; av;pm; MunfndKpdwf arG;jrL&if; olawmfaumif;pdwfeJY zwf½IcJhayr,hfwjznf;jznf; udk,fhudk,fudk wpdrf;qefqefBuD; okdYr[kwf ig[mtjcm; olwpfa,mufyJvdkY cHpm;rdcJhwmawmh trSefyJ/"r®y'&efukd wkHYjyefí &efjyKjcif;jzihf b,fawmhrS &efrNidrf;Edkif/ &efrwkHYjyefjcif;jzihfum; {uefyif &efudk Nidrf;apEdkif\/ þonfrSm a&S;ü jzpfüjzpfaom (olawmfaumif;wdkY\) xkH;wrf;pOfvm jzpf\/


at;csrf;pGm twlwl aexdkifvmcJhMuwJh Ak'¨0g'D bkef;BuD;awGeJY [dE´Lbkef;BuD;awG twkH;t½kH; owfypfcH&? emvE´mvdk wuúodkvfBuD;awG rD;½IdUcHMu&wmyJ/ wmvDAefwdkY bmrd,ef Ak'¨qif;wkBuD;udkazmufcGJ ypfwmvnf; ]igwdkY&SdwJh ae&mrSm eifhudk rvdkbl;}qdkwJht"dyÜm,fyJ r[kwfygvm;/ tJ'Dvddk ]igwdkYyJ &Sd&r,f}qdkwJh tawG;rsKd;eJY tdrfawG bk&m;ausmif;awGrSm usdwfNyD; pnf;½kH;wJh tpGef;a&muftcsKdU &Sdoa½GU wpfyg;oleJY twlwlaeEdkifzdkY rvG,fbl;/jyefay;qGJtpövrfeJY *sL;0g' uRrf;usifol Karen Armstrong u ]wdkYawG jyefay;qGJ cHxm;&wJh bmoma&; avmurSm aeMu&w,f/ 'Dvdk jzpf&wm[m vlawG&JU twårmeeJY avmbaMumihf}wJh (We are living in

a world that is were religion has been hijaked. This is becsude of

human ego and human greed.)/ olu ]bmoma&; ,kHMunfoltrsm;pk[m ynmrwwfMubl;/ tcsif;tcsif; tMuifem&Sd&r,hftpm; trsm;pku igwdkY t,ltqyJ rSefw,fvdkY ajymaeMuw,f}vdkYvnf; qdkw,f/ i,fpOfu uufodkvpf oDv&SifvkyfzdkY pdwful;&SdcJhol tJ'DtrsKd;orD; b,fbmomudk &nf½G,fw,f qdkwmawmhrodbl;/ 'gayr,hf olajymwJh arwåmwdkY u½kPmwdkY qdkwmawGucsufcsif; vkyf,lvdkY&wJh t&mrsKd; r[kwfbl;/ ESpfaygif; rsm;pGm Mumatmif Budrfzefrsm;pGm tm;xkwfxm;rS atmifjrifEdkifwmrsKd;/

owif;Xmewpfcku azmfjywJh ADG'D,dkacGrSm OD;yÍöif;i,fwpfyg;(vdkY,lq&ol)u vlwpfa,mufudk wkwfeJY ½dkufaewJhykH? tJ'DykHudkxdk;jyNyD; rkwfqdwfarT; &Snf&SnfeJY bdkpyf (vdkY,lq&wJh) owif;axmufu rMunfwJh[efeJY Ak'¨0g'DawGudk tjypfwifaewmudk awGUvdkuf&pOf bkef;BuD; pOf;pm;rdykHu .. ]owif;orm; bdkrkwfqdwfomqdk 'Dxufawmif ydkqdk;tkH;rSm? y&dwfy|mef;av; ½GwfNyD; arwåmydkYzl;zG,f&SdwJh 'D&[ef;i,fES,f bmaMumihf 'gavmuf pdwfqdk;ae&wmvJ? eD;pyf ywf oufolawG epfemxm;vdkYvm;? bmom rwlvdkY

294/ bmompkHnDñGwfa&; 915 pDyGm;a&; aomif; usef;vdkY p½dkufMurf; ½dkif;pdkif;vdkY .. vdkYqdk&if tJ'D

vluddk wdkuf½dkuf rxdao;vdkYyJ/

xyfrjzpfatmifajymjyxm;wJhtwdkif; bmomw&m;awG&JU aemufcHeJY ,kHMunfrItaMumif;udk t>rufrQ em;vnf&if; eufeuf½Idif;½Idif; cHpm;MunhfNyD;aemuf wpfzef jyefrjzpfatmif b,fvdk vkyfrvJqdkwmudk qufNyD;pOf;pm;Munfh&if .. 'Dudpöu vG,f ra,mifeJY cufygw,f/ nxGuf]uswfaumif}awGuvnf; acsmif;aetkH;rSm/ NyD;awmh Karen ajymovdk avmb? rmeeJY 'd|dpGJawG ololigig uif;rS ruif;EdkifMuwm/vDuGef,kwdkYqDuvdk Oya'eJY BudKwifwm;qD;vdkY jzpfEdkifwmuddkOya'eJY wm;xm;&vdrhfr,f/ ]tcGihfxl;cHvdkol vlwpfpk}udk csKyfEdkifr,hf Oya'pdk;rdk;rI &Sd&r,f/ 'gu ta&;BuD;wJh ESpfcsuf/

NyD;&if wmvDAefwdkY udk;ESpfq,fESpf uav;awGudk azmfjyygusrf;pmawGudk tvGwfqdk aeYwdkif; EIwfopöm jyKckdif;NyD; taocHAkH;cGJ wdkufckduf&Jol jzpfvmatmif avhusihfay;ovdk pmoifausmif;awGrSm jrefrmh ajrrSmarG;wJh bmompkH rsKd;qufopfawG tm;vkH;&JUESvkH;om;xJrSm Nidrf;csrf;a&; rsKd;aphawG xnfhay;&vdrfhr,f/

,SOfwGJaexdkif 'Dudpövnf; rvG,fbl;/ cGyfNyD;p MuufESpfaumif? wpfaumifaumifr½IH;ao;&if tarmajywmeJY jyefcGyfzdkY jzpfvmEdkifovdk vlowfenf;uRrf;usifwJh ]ntkyfpk}&JU om;aumif tcsdefra½G; xyfjzpfoGm;EdkifwmyJ/ 'gaMumihf wpfzufrSm bm oma&; t&Sdeft0g &SdolawGuJihad &JU Nidrf;csrf;a&; oabmaqmifwJh tjcm; t"dyÜm,fwpfrsKd;udktrsm;olig jrifom atmif a[majym a&;om;NyD; ]igwdkYyJ &Sd&r,f?eifwdkYudk rvdkbl;}qdkwJh 'óersKd;udk rjzefYjzL;aMumif; jynfolawGudkowif;ay;Edkif&if .. Ak'äwGuvnf; tdkAm;rm; ajymoGm;ovdkvlrsKd;pkH bmomrsKd;pkH ,Ofaus;rI rsKd;pkH&SdwJh EdkifiHrSm tJ'D rsKd;pkHwdkY


wdkif;vnf; trSefvdkY r,kHEdkifawmhbl;/vGwfvyfcGih fjrefrmjynfrSm bmoma&; vGwfvyfcGihf&SdvdkYyJ qlavbk&m;xufjrihfwJh {&mr AvDBuD;awG? pdefaygvdk c&pf,efbk&m; ausmif;awGwu,hf NrdKUv,faumifrSm aqmufEkdifw,f r[kwfvm;/ NrdKUwdkif;½Gmwdkif; eD;yg;rSmvnf; udk,fhbk&m;ausmif;awG aqmufxm;cGihf&w,f r[kwfvm;/ Ak'¨0g'DawG uGmvmvrfyleJY *smumwmNrdKUv,frSmbkef;BuD;ausmif; wnfwmavmuf rcufygbl;/ aqmf'Dtma&AsuruúmNrdKUrSm &efukef pdefaygbk&m;ausmif;vdkwpfck aqmufMunhfygvm;/ tck .. bkef;BuD;rSm udk,fhausmif;0if;av;udk bmoma&;ae&m taeeJY todtrSwfjyKcH&zdkY BudK;pm;Munhf&mrSm .. tdrfeD;em;csif;awG oabmwl&r,f? vlaeaqmifaqmuf&if 21 ayxuf ydkrjrihf&? um;&yfr,hfae&m &Sd&r,f? tJ'DtxJ roefpGrf;olawG twGuf ae&moD;oefY tenf;qkH; ESpfckyg&r,f .. qdkawmh rwwfEdkifvdkY ]udk,hfajr r[kwfbl;}qdkwJh todeJY vufavQmhvdkuf&w,f/

taMumif;&if;vl 10-a,mufudk wpfNydKifeuf tpazsmufypfEddkifcJhwJh vufonfawG[m 'DyJ&if;vlowfrIvdk vlowfenf;udk pepfwus oifMum;avhusihfxm;olawGyJ jzpf&r,f/ &yfuGufxJu tdrfawGudk rD;vdkuf½IdUol[m rsufESmpdrf;awGwJh/ 'gudkawmh rsufvkH; BuD;BuD;eJY jrifoihfw,f/ b,folyJ vIHYaqmfvIHYaqmf? pvkyfpvkyf? vkyfMuNyDa[hqdkawmh Ak'äwGzufu ]&efudk&efcsif; rwkHYESif;ESihf}qdkwmudk b,fowd&EdkifawmhrvJ/ rlqvifawGzufuvnf; vlMum;aumif;omajymr,f .. pdwfxJrSmawmh Jihad yJ jzpfaerSm/

aqGrsKd; rdwfaqG eD;pyfolawG xdyg;cH& owfjzwfcH&awmh ADG'D,dkxJu OD;yÍöif;vdk bmudkrS rjrifawmhbl;/ tJ'D tcsdefrSm ykvdyfeJYppfwyfu vGJvdkY b,folrS xdef;EdkifrSm r[kwfbl;/ b,ftkyfpku

294/ bmompkHnDñGwfa&; 917 qdkwmxuf ydkwJh ya,m*wpfckawmh &SdrSmyg}vdkY/

rES dyfuGyfbl; EdkifiHa&;eJY vlrIa&; todynm rzGHUNzKd;ao;wJh ae&mawGrSm jyóempcJhwmyg/ tkyfpkESpfckvkH; tjyeftvSef txdemwm xif&Sm;vdkY Ak'¨0g'DawGu bmomjcm; vlenf;pkudk ESdyfuGyfw,fqdk&if rrQwygbl;/trSefawmh wpfEdkiHvkH;eJY ,SOf&if vlenf;pkvdkY qdkEdkifayr,hf jyóemjzpfwJh a'oawGrSmawmh ESpfzuftiftm; tvGefBuD; ruGmbl;/bkef;BuD;ausmif;vdk bmoma&; pk&yfae&mrSm qkHNyD; b,fvdk jyefwdkufcdkufr,fqdkwJh BudKwif tpDtrHrsKd; Ak'¨0g'DawGzufrSm vkH;0 r&SdEdkifbl;/ 'grsKd;udk vufawGUvkyfzdkY bkef;BuD; udk;q,f&mEIef; vufcHrSm r[kwfbl;/ uaemifrif;om; tajrmufazmufoH Mum;awmhvlowfvufeufawGqdkNyD; oHCmawG qGrf;rpm;bJ eef;awmfujyefoGm;Muqdk r[kwfvm;/ bmrSjyifqifrxm;bJ pdwfqdk;rS a'go&SdefeJY 'kwf"m;qGJolawGu ydkNyD;awmif txdemzdkY rsm;w,f/

vlYtcGif hta&;oD&dvuFm bkef;BuD;wpfyg;u olwdkYEdkifiHu wdkufcdkufrIawG[m Ak'¨bmom acgif;pOfatmufu r[kwfbJ vlrsKd;pkawG tMum; &mpkESpfawGcsDNyD; wnf&SdcJhwJh jcm;em;csufaMumihfygwJh/ olwdkYEdkifiHrSm bmomjcm;awGudk Ak'¨0g'DawGu owfjzwfae aMumif; a0zefwJh 'vkdif;vm;rm;udk pdwfqdk;NyD; olu ]bvdkif;vm;rm;}wJh/ wdAufvm;rm;awG udk,hfudk,fudk rD;½IdU owfaojywmaum Ak'¨0g'udk rxdcdkufbl;vm;wJh/ trSefawmh vlawG[m udk,hfudk xdvmNyDqdk&if vlYtcGihfta&; *kPfodu©m qdkwmawGudk *½krpdkufEdkifawmhbl;/ vlYtcGihfta&;&JU bkd;at ,ltufpfwdkYvnf; tmz*ef tD&wf ul0dwfeJYurÇmYa'o tcsKdUrSm vkyfMuwmyJ/ aqmif;yg;wpfckrSm ukvor*¾vlYtcGihfta&;aumifpDeJY urÇmhowif;rD'D,mudk OIC u aiGaMu;eJYvTrf;rdk;aeaMumif; a0zefxm;ygw,f/ 'gaMumihf vlYtcGihfta&; qdk


nDñGwfEdkif&if b,folrS tEkdifr,lEkdifwJh cGeftm;BuD;wpf&yf jzpfvmEdkifaMumif; oabmaygufNyD; ,kHMunfrI rwlolawGudk ydkrdkem;vnfrI ay;Edkif&if .. twl,SOfwGJ qdkwJhudpö jzpfvmEkdifp&m &Sdygw,f/ tcsdefawmh ,l&ygvdrfhr,f/

295/ tukodkvftrQ t&Sifbk&m;?ukodkvfaumif;rI wpfck jyKNyD;&if xdkukodkvf&JUtzdkYudk avmuom;wdkY &&SdatmifqdkNyD; trQa0Muygw,f/ xdkukodkvf trQudk trQcH,lolwdkY bmudk b,fvdk &&SdoGm;MuygvJ/ ukodkvfudk trQa0ovdktukodkvftzdkYudkaum trQa0vQif &&Sdygovm;/ aus;Zl;jyKí ajzMum;ay;apcsifygonf/

armifarmif---------------------------

'gudk'Dvd koif tvªyGJawG bmawGudk oGm;zl;rSmaygh/ &SifjyKyJG 0gqdkouFef;uyfvªyGJ wpfckckqdkygawmh/ tJ'Dvdk tvªvkyfwJh ae&mudk a&mufvnf;a&m .. bk&m; w&m; oHCmawmfawG eJYawGU? olrsm;awGpdwfxufoefpGm vªaewm tvªudpö aqmif½GuffaewmawGudk jrif&? tvªNyD;wJhtcg tvªY&Sifu ]trQrQ ,lawmfrlMuygukefavmh}vdkYqdkqJ? oifu om"kvnf; ac:vdkufa&m oifhpdwfxJrSm MunfEl;NyD;0rf;omjcif;? pdwfwuf<ujcif; jzpfaeygvdrfhr,f/ 'g[m csufjcif;oif &oGm;wJh ukokdvfapwemygyJ/ ygVdvdk ywåmEkarm'e (olrsm;&JU

295/ tukodkvftrQ 919 rkom0g'g

oDv&JU oabmudku udk,fEIwfpdwfudk apmihfpnf;zdkY udk,fh udk,fudkabmifcwfvdkufwm jzpfvdkY apmihfpnf;rI[m t"duyJ/ rnfolrQrxGuf& qdk&mrSm ightrsKd;rdkYvdkY xGufapqdk&if rrSefovdk tajctaeaMumihf vdrfvdkuf&w,fqdkwmrsKd; r&Sdbl;/ taMumif;t&m rrSefjcif;? vdrfnmvdkpdwf &Sdjcif;? tJ'DpdwfeJY jyKrlajymqdkjcif;? rdrdpum;udkwpfzufom; em;vnfoGm;jcif;qdkwJh t*Fgav;&yfeJY jynfhpkH&if vdrfwmyJ/ olYoufowf&mrSm rjrifvdkY eif;rd&if tjypfr&Sdovdk olrsm;qDu rrSefowif;udk udk,fu trSefxifNyD; ajymrd&if tjypfr&Sdbl;/

'gayr,hf udk,fhpdwfxJrSm rrSefbl;vdkY odaevsufeJY ajym&wJhtcg rnfonhf taMumif;aMumifhjzpfap rvdrfvkdY r&wJhtajc taersKd;vdkY rajymEdkifawmhbl;/ ykxkZOfurÇmrSm rkom0g' enf;zdkYqdk&ify&dowfwpfckudk a&mufoGm;wdkif; t&rf;uma&m rjymrdbJ pum;udk enf;EdkiforQ enf;atmif aewwfzdkY avhusifhygav/rd kufolYtvif;vif;&if rrdkufawmhbl;/ y#doaEüsKd;eJY y0wådusKd;vdkY uH&JU tusKd;ay;ykH ESpfrsKd;&Sdw,f/ aocgeD;rSm w&m;&vdkY ykxkZOftaeeJY aumif;wJhpdwfeJY ao&if b0aumif;qdkwJh y#doaEüsKd;udk &Edkifayr,hfb0opfrSm &Hzef&Hcg tJ'D tukodkvf usKd;udk cH&Edkifw,f/ b0wpfavQmufvkH; rkqdk;jzpfcJhayr,hf b0aESmif;ydkif;rSm aomwmyefjzpfoGm;&if i&Jb0rSm y#doaEüsKd; ray;awmhbl;? 'gayr,hf aemifb0rSm t&d,mtjzpfeJYyJ rkqdk;b0u vkyfcJhwJh tukokdvfusKd;udkcHpm;&Edkifw,f/ tu,fí aocgeD;rSm &[EÅmjzpfoGm;&ifawmh tJ'DtukokdvfuH tm;vkH; tusKd;ray;awmhbl;/

owd&& jrwfykn jyKMuaumif;oihfNyD/(xG#facgifq&mawmf)


t&Sifbk&m;?ig;yg;oDvxJrSm ygwJh ygPmwdygwm odu©myk'ft& Ak'¨bmom0ifawGtvm;vkH; oufowfvGwf pm;&rSmvm; bk&m;/ oufowfvGwf rpm;&if ygPmwdygwuHudk usL;vGef&m a&mufygovm;/rkom0g' odu©myk'ft&vnf; wpfcgwav rvdrfvdkY r&wJh tajctaersKd;rSm rkom0g'gudk csKd;azmuf&m a&mufygovm;/

olwpfyg;toufudk owfNyD;awmh aocgeD;usrS w&m;&&ifaumif;wJhzufudk a&mufEdkifyvm;/

cGefoef;xGef; (awmifBuD;)---------------------------

ygPmwdygwmolYwpfyg; toufudk owfjcif;/1) ouf&Sdudk touf&SdrSef; odvsuf aoatmifvkyf&if2) aoapvdkwJh pdwf&Sd&if - Oyrm ntdyfaewkef; ausmatmuftcif;ay:u Murf;ydk;udk Murf;ydk;rSef;odvdkY ñSpfowfvdkufwmrsKd;3) aoatmifvkyf&if odkY[kwf owf&if - Oyrm udk,fjzihf (udkifayguf? tjrihfrS wGef;cs)í odkYr[kwf udk,fESihfpyf,SOonhf wkwfjzihf½dkuf "m;jzihfckwf vSHjzihf xdk;í owfwm? ta0;rSm &SdoludkausmufcJ av;jrm; aoewf ponfjzihf ypfí owfwm? tjcm;wpfa,mufudk apcdkif;NyD; owfwm? a&wGif;a&uefponfrSmtqdyfcyfNyD; owfwm pwJhenf; awGESihf aoatmif vkyfwmrsKd;4) ao&if - towfcH&wJh owå0gao&if .. tJ'D tcsuf tvufig;rsKd;eJY nDñGwfwJh vkyf&yfudk ygPmwdygw (olY toufudk owfjcif;) vdkY ax&0g' Ak'¨0g'DwdkYu ,lqw,f/

tJ'Dawmh ig;yg;oDvcHNyD;aemuf oufowfvGwf pm; csifvnf;pm;? rpm;csifvnf; ae? oDv rysufygbl;/

296/ rowfrvdrf pdwfudkESdrf ukodkvftrQudk 0rf;omwJh ukodkvf)vdkY ac:ygw,f/ tJ'Dapwem

[m ,ckb0 aemifb0 aumif;usKd; csrf;omudk jzpfapw,fvdkYvnf; Ak'¨0g'DwdkYu ,kHMunfygw,f/ 'Dukodkvf apwem[m aemufxyf udk,fwdkif ukokdvfjyKjzpfatmif wGef;tm;ay;vdkY 'kH;ysH&JU tydkavmifpmtkd;eJYvnf; wlygw,f/

'Dae&mrSm .. tvª&Sifudk rsufESmawmh oGm;jyvdkuftkH;rS? tenf;qkH; tdrfrSm csufjyKwfp&m rvdkawmhbl;aygh qdkNyD; xoGm;?tvªae&mudk a&mufawmh [dka,mif 'Da,mifeJY bkef;BuD; oDvay;wJhtcsdef tjyifrSm [dkvlYwGwfxdk; 'DvlY wGwfxdk;NyD; jyefcJh½kHxJuqdk&ifawmh &Sif;jyvdkY em;vnfrSm r[kwfbl;qdkwmudkawmh odapcsifw,f/tukodkvfukodkvfqdkwm aumif;wJhuH (tvkyfaumif;)? tukodkvfqdkwm qdk;wJhuH (tvkyfqdk;)/ uHrSef&if ukodkvfjzpfjzpf? tukodkvfjzpfjzpftrQa0vdkY &ygw,f/ tukodkvfu qdk;usKd;udk ay;w,fvdkY Ak'¨0g'DawGu ,kHMunfygw,f/ 'Dawmh tukodkvfudk trQa0wmudk om"kac:&if qdk;usKd;udk &rSmaygh/ oihftaeeJY olrsm;udk qdk;usKd;ay;csif&iftokdvfjyKNyD;wdkif; trQa0yg/ qdk;usKd;udk vdkcsif&if olrsm;tukodkvfvkyfwdkif; oihfrSm om"kac:cGihfvnf; &Sdygw,f/

rlqvifawG&JU tar&duefwdkYtay: 9/11 tMurf;zuf wdkufcdkufrINyD;aemuf tD&wfNrdKUawmf b*¾'uf&JU vrf;rawGrSm rlqvifawG jrL;wl;uckef atmifyGJcHaeykHudk owif;rD'D,mawGrSm awGU&wmudk trSwf&rSmaygh/ tJ'gudk 9/11 wdkufcdkufa&; orm;awG&JUvlowfvkyf&yfudk tD&wfrlqvifawGu ]om"kac:wm}vdkY qdkEdkif&iftJ'DNrdKUu vlawG tJ'D tukodkvf tusKd;udk cHMu&rSmaygh/


½dkaopGm ar;avQmuftyfygonf t&Sifbk&m;/wynhfawmf\ vkyfazmfudkifzufrsm;xJrS wpfOD;u ygPmwdygwodu©myk'fESihf ywfoufí 'The precept of no killing is ridiculous

since the immune system is killing potential pathogens every day

and the defination needs to be upgrated.' [k qdkygonf/ xdkolonftxdkuftavsmuf pdwfaumif;&SdNyD; odyÜHynmwGif tweftoihfawmfoljzpfaomfvnf; ax&0g'Ak'¨bmom tqkH;trudk avhvmrIü tm;enf;aMumif; ol\qdkpum;t& odomNyD; jzpfygonf/

wynhfawmftaeESihf tPkZD0ydk;rTm;rsm; (AufwD;&D;,m;? Adkif;&yfpf? uyfyg;? rId)udk tbd"r®mw&m;awmft& ygPmwdygw odu©myk'fü tusKH;onhf owå0g[k rowfrSwfaMumif; rSwfom;zl;ygonft&Sifbk&m;/ odkYaomfvnf; twdtus rnfodkY &Sif;vif;xm;onfudk rodyg/ odkYjzpfygí tpOf u½kPmxm;aomtm;jzihf wynhfawmfodvdkonfudk ajzMum;ay;&if; xdkol\ (trIrJh trSwfrJhyif jzpfaomfvnf; bmomudk xdcdkufapEdkifaom) ajymqdkcsufudk taumif;qkH;jyefvnf ajzMum; ay;awmrlyg bk&m;/

ausmfpGmñGefY---------------------------

obm0pepfvludk tEÅ&m,fjyKEdkifwJh vlYcE¨mudk,f tjyifu usK;ausmf0ifvmwJhydk;qdkwJh t&mawGudk ckcHNyD; wGef;vSef wdkufcdkufwJh vlYcE¨mudk,fxJu qJvfawG odkYr[kwf qJvfawGxJu ydk;awG&JU vlIyf&Sm;rIudkImmnue System vdkY ac:aMumif; q&m0efrBuD; wpfOD;u &Sif;jyygw,f/ usL;ausmf 0ifa&mufol? ckcHwdkufol ESpfrsKd;vkH;udk tPkZD0ydk;vdkYyJ ac:Edkif&if .. tJ'DESpfrsKd;vkH;udk Ak'¨0g'u ouf&SdvdkY r,lqbl;vdkY rSwfxm;yg/

297/ rjywfrjywf jyefokH;oyf t&SifrxGufEd kif

tm,kokwåef (oH 1? 109)rSm &Sifawmf Ak'ü ]&[ef;wdkY? touf&Snfolonf ESpfwpf&mjzpfap? ,if;xuf tenf;i,f vGefíjzpfap&Snf\}vdkY a[mawmfrlygw,f/ toufESpf&m &Snfol&,fvdkY vlom;tjzpfeJY r&SdEdkifbl;/ Ak'äcwfu t&SiftEk'¨grax&fu oufawmf 150? t&SifAmukv rax&fu 160 touf&SnfcJhaMumif;ygVdrSwfwrf; &Sdygw,f/ xdkt&SifESpfyg;[m oufawmf t&SnfqkH;vlom; yk*¾Kdvf jzpfzG,f&Sdygw,f/ 'Dpmt&qdk&if b,fusihfpOfudkyJusihfusifh ESpfaygif; 200 jynhfatmif toufr&SnfEdkifbl;/ jzpfEdkifzG,f&Sdwmu vlYb0wkef;u pdwfapwem trSefeJY Ak'ömoemjyK?vrf;cif;? wHwm;aqmuf? trsm; aumif;usKd;aqmif½GufpwJh y&[dwvkyfief;awGudk vkyfcJholjzpfvdkY oufwrf;&SnfwJh bkr®pdk;ewf(þurÇmajray:rSm aewJhewf) odkYr[kwf ½ku©pdk; (opfyifrSm aewJhewf)awG jzpfae&if vlYavmueJY ywfoufzG,f &Sdw,fvdkY qdkEdkifavrvm;/ (ar;cGef;? 156/ pm-562 udk jyefzwfyg/)

299/ ruefYowf avmueDwdusrf;rSm vmwJh ]yxrt½G,frSm ynm&Sm? 'kwd, t½G,frSm pD;yGm;&Sm? wwd,t½G,frSm w&m;&Sm}qdkwJhpum;udk q&mawmfwpfyg;u bk&m;a[mw&m; r[kwfbl;vdkY ajymygw,f? tjcm;wpfyg;uawmh bk&m;a[mygvdkY qdkygw,fbk&m;/ trSefudk odcsifvdkY ajzMum;ay;apvdkygonf/ edAÁmef&JU t"dyÜm,fudkvnf; tus,fod vdkygonf/ bmomjcm;awG trsm;BuD;Mum;rSm ae&vdkYyg bk&m;/aus;Zl;wifygonf/

zdk;om;---------------------------


zG,f&Sdw,f/ ouf&Sdawmh r[kwfbl;/qifjcifygav£ed0g'D (£ó& edr®me0g'D = zefqif;&Sif wpfqlwnf;om &Sd[k,kHMunfol)wdkY tvdkt& MuufiSuf om;ig; uRJEGm;pwJh wd&dp ämefawGudk bk&m;ocifu vlom;awG&JU tpmtaeeJY zefqif;ay;xm;wmvdkY ,kHMunfMuygw,f/ 'g aMumihf owf&if bmtjypfrS r&Sdbl;/Ak'¨0g'rSmu cE¨mig;yg; &SdwJh ouf&Sdwdkif;udk rowfwmudk tajccHukd,fusihfoDv taeeJY ,lqw,f/ vdkufemwm rvdkufemwmuoihf oabm odkYr[kwf olYoabmyg/

tm½kHwpfckudk pl;pdkufxm;NyD; rdrdpl;pdkufxm;wJh tJ'D e,fy,frSm tawmftoihf c&D;a&mufaewJh vltcsKdU[m udk,fem;vnfxm;wmav;udkyJ w&m;ao udkifpGJNyD; tJ'gav;rS trSef? tJ'gav;eJY wdkufqdkif&if odyfaumif;w,f? rwdkufqdkif&if No vdkY jiif;qdkavh&Sdw,f/ wpfcgwpf&H tJ'Dvdk qdkavh&Sd&muae pdwfxm;aumif;[ef&Sdayr,hf vltrsm;eJY tHr0ifcGifrwJhbJ jzpfaewwfw,fqdkwmudk ntdyf&m0if rsufvkH;rSdwfcgeD;rSm rjywfqifjcif&if; rdrdudk,fwdkifudkyJ upgrade vkyfzdkY BudK;pm;ygav/

298/ t&SifxGuf t&Sifbk&m;? vltrsm;u tbbdk;rifacgif[m tcktcsdefxd toufxif&Sm; &Sdaeaow,fvdkY ajymaeMuygw,f/ xGuf&yfyguf usifhpOfawGudkusifhNyD; t&SifxGuf xGufoGm;vdkY raowmvdkYvnf; Mum;zl;ygw,fbk&m;/ tJ'g jzpfEdkifygovm;/ wynhfawmfuawmh rjzpfEdkifbl;vdkY xifygw,f/ aus;Zl;jyKNyD; ajzMum;ay;apvkdygonf bk&m;/

&JoD[---------------------------

297/ t&SifxGuf 925 oufrJ h&J U touf

Ak'¨tbd"r ®mt& ½kyfoufeJY emrfoufvdkY ESpfrsKd;&Sd&mrSm opfyifrSm½kyfoufyJ &Sdw,f/ emrfouf r&Sdbl;/ owå0gawGrSm ½kyfoufa&memrfoufyg &Sdw,f/ opfyifrSm ½lyu©cE¨m wpfyg;yJ&Sdw,f/owå0gawGrSmu ½kyf? a0'em? onm? ocFg&? 0dnmPfvdkY cE¨mig;yg;&Sdw,f/ jrwfAk'¨tvdkt& cE¨mig;yg;&SdrS ouf&SdvdkY ,lw,f/ wpfenf;qdk&if tm,k = emrfouf (ZD0dwdaÈ´ apwoduf)? Oo ®m =taiGU (½kyfoufac:wJh ZD0dw½kyf)? 0dnmPf = odpdwf .. 'DokH;cktwl&SdaewJh ½kyfcE¨mudk ouf&SdvdkY ac:w,f/ opfyifrSmu ½kyfoufac:wJh ZD0dw½kyfyJ &SdvdkY ouf&Sd r[kwfbl;/ZD0oabma'0'wf vkyfBuHvdkY ajcrawmfrSm jynfwnfwmudk aq;q&mBuD;ZD0u&JU cGJpdwfukorIudk Ak'¨ cH,lcJhygw,f/ bmaMumifhqdk temxJu jynfykyfrSm rjrifEdkifwJh ZDtajccH&SdwJh t&mawGudk ouf&SdtaeeJY,lqawmf rrlvdkYygyJ/ 'gaMumihf vludk rusef;rmatmif 'ku©ay;wJhudk,fwGif;rSm &SdaewJh ydk;vdkY okH;EIef;ac:a0:wJh t&mawGudk owå0gouf&SdtaeeJY r,lqbJ ZD0oabm&SdwJh qJvftpdwftydkif; wpfcktaeeJYyJ ,lqw,f/ ZD0oabmqdkwm &Sifoefjcif;? vIyf&Sm;jcif;owåd&Sdwmudk qdkvdkw,f/ Oyrm okufydk;? tqaygif; rsm;pGm csJUMunfhrS tJ'D ydk;qdkwJh t&mawG&JU &Sifoef? vIyf&Sm; owådudk jrifEdkifw,f/ 'Dydk;awGrSm tm,keJY Oo ®m &Sdayr,hf odpdwfr&Sdbl;/ wpfenf;ajym&if emrfoufqdkwJh ZD0dwdaÈ´ apwodufeJY ½kyfoufqdkwJhZD0dw½kyf ESpfckyJ &Sdw,f/ cE¨mzGJU&if ½lyu©E¨meJY ocFg&u©E¨m ESpfyg;/'gaMumihf ouf&SdvdkY rqdkEdkifbl;/ vIyfaewdkif; ouf&Sd r[kwfbl;/tdrfa`rSmifNyD;jywf vIyfaewm[m cE¨ma[mif;u pdwf0dnmOf&JUowådaMumihf? acwf pum;eJYqdk&if tJ'DtxJ &SdaewJh tm½kHaMumawGraoao;vdkY/ jywfcgp rajcmufcifrSm ZD0oabm&SdwJh ½kyfvdkY qdk


&SmazGqJyXar eZÆdwH odyÜH? 'kwda, eZÆdwH "eH/wwda, eZÆdawm "ar®m? pwkaw¬ uð u&dówd/

q,fapmifwGJ pmtkyf r&SdvdkY Pali Niti Texts of Burma (p. 73)

pmtkyfxJu avmueDwdrludk xkwfjyvdkufygw,f/ yxr t½G,frSm ynmoif&r,f? 'kwd,t½G,frSm pD;yGm;&Sm&r,f? wwd,t½G,frSm "r®tvkyf vkyf&r,fvdkY tcsdeftwdtus ydkif;jcm;jywJh tvm;wl rl&if; ygVd*gxm odkYr[kwf tJ'Dvdk t"dyÜm,f&SdwJh pmykd'fudkrl&if; ygVdawmfawGrSm &SmazGqJ jzpfygw,f/olwdk YtqdkokawoD pma&;q&m tcsKdUu ]Ak'äcwfu wwd,t½G,frSm NcKd;NcHwJhtusihfudk usifhNyD; armu©udk &Smudk &SmazG&r,f? tJ'Dvdk &SmazGwm[m Reality wpfck jzpfw,fqdkwJh t,ltqrsKd; ynmwwf vlwef;pm;vTmMum;rSm &SdcJhw,f}vdkY a&;om;csufrsKd; zwfzl;wmudktrSwf&ygw,f/ tJ'gu a&S;a[mif; jAm[®PwdkY&JU ,kHMunfrI jzpfavrvm;/ ruefYowfatmufyg ygVdawmf (r 3? 238) pum;t& Ak'¨0g'rSm w&m; tvkyfodkYr[kwf ukodkvftvkyf vkyfzdkY tJ'Dvdk touf t½G,f ydkif;jcm;NyD;uefYoufjywmrsKd; &Sdr,fvdkY rxifbl;/

taZÆ0 udpörmwyÜH? aum Znm r&PH oka0/e [d aem o*F&H awe? r[maoaee rpöKem/eufjzefü ao&rnfudk rnfol odEdkiftHhenf;/ ,aeYyif tm;

xkwfoihfaom ukodkvfaumif;rI tvkyfudk jyvkyfoihf\/ igwdkYrSmppfonfAdkvfygrsm;aom aorif;ESihf csdef;xm;rI r&Sdonfomwnf;/

"r®tvkyf qdkwmrsKd;u jzpfEdkif&if i,f½G,fcsdefuwnf;u vkyfwm ydkaumif;ygw,f/ t&Sif&m[kvm udk&if0wfawmh oufawmf

299/ ruefYowf 927 qkawmif;yg

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302/ ESvkH;om;tarG

t&SifauvmoZGef 13? 2013/--------------------------------

a'oemt& vufawGUvdkufem usihfokH;MunhfzdkY t"duusw,fvdkY,lqw,f/ ]oHo,awG} qdkwmu us,fjyefYw,f/ qdkygawmh ..Ak'¨"r®oHCmvm;? y#dpöorkyÜg'fvm;? b0oHo&mvm;? uHeJY uH&JU tusKd;vm; .. ponf/ tm;vkH; odkYr[kwf tcsKdUudkqdk&if tay:u vleJYwlaerSmaygh/ tJ'Dvdk r[kwfbl; qdk&ifawmh 'd|deJY 0dpdudp ämudk w'*Fy,fcGmNyD; tusKd;udk ,kHMunfvdkY vkyf&yfaumif;csif; wl&ifawmiftusKd;ay;u tay:vlxufawmh omzG,f &Sdygw,f/ aomwmyeftjzpfeJY 'd|deJY 0dpdudp ämudk t<uif;rJh cGmypfEdkif&if tomqkH;aygh/qifjcifwkH]tpGef;a&muf}qdkwmrsKd;u b,f½IaxmifhurS Ak'¨0g'eJY rudkufnDygbl;/ tpGef;ra&mufzdkYqdk&if yifudku qifjcifwkHw&m; a&SUoGm;jyKzdkY ta&;BuD;w,f/ NyD;&if ]a,medaom reodum&}eJY ]o'¨r®-ó0e} rsm;rsm; &SdzdkYvnf; vdkw,f/ Voices behind the Veil pmtkyfxJrSm azmfjywJhtwdkif; udk&ftmefusrf;xJu bk&m;ocif twGuf taocHr,fqdkwJh pmydk'fawGudk aeYwdkif; ½Gwfqdk&if; ¤if;wdkY&JUq&mrsm;xHrS Brain Wash vkyfcH&wdkY tpGef;a&muf ppfaoG;<uawGjzpfvmwm[m qifjcifwkHw&m;rJhvdkY r[kwf ygvm;/

No unkind word There was never an occasion when the Buddha flamed forth in anger, never an incident when an unkind word escaped his lips. Dr. S. Radhakrishnan tMuifemrJh pum;vkH;Ak'önf pdwfqdk; a'gojzihf jyKrlaqmif½Gufonhf tajctaersKd; r&Sdzl;yg/ &Sifawmfjrwf&JU EIwfawmfrS xGufqdkaom rqifrjcif ajymqdkonhf tMuifemrJh pum;vkH; wpfvkH;rQ rawGUzl;yg/

301/ Free Think ayr,hf 937 vGJ½k HyJaygh

Free Thinker taeeJY Free Think wJhtcg olY&JU Thinking u uk,hfudka&m olYudkyg tjypf&SdNyD; raumif;usKd;udk jzpfapwJh vkyfaqmifrIawGudk jzpfay:ap&if tJ'D Free Thinker &JU Thoughts awG[mmavmu&JU tqdyftawmuf jzpfvmEdkifaMumif; OD;pGm rSwfoihfw,f/ olY[mol b,fvmufyJ Free Think ap Ak'¨0g'½Iaxmihf t&awmh 'kp½dkufq,fyg;udk rusL;vGef&if tyg,fbkHudk rusEdkif&mygbl;/ Ak'¨"r®oHCmqdkwJh &wemokH;yg;udk rqnf;uyf½kHeJY i&Ja&mufw,f qdkwmrsKd; Ak'¨0g'rSm r&Sdbl;/ roum r*¾if&Spfyg;usihfpOfeJYvGJ½kHyJaygh/eH&HrJ havSmifcsK dih fwpfckawmh&Sdw,f .. tckaumif;w,fqdkwm t,ifu tvkyfaumif;&JU tusKd;qufjzpfvdkY aemiftaumif;jzpfvmzdkY tck taumif;wpfckudk vkyfudkvkyf&ygw,f/ 'gaMumihf tpGJtvrf; rBuD;bJ tv,ftvwf oabmxm;eJY trsm;aumif;usKd;udk aqmif½GufEdkifwJh Free Thinker taeeJY aumif;wJh *wdedrdwfudkvnf; arQmfvihfEdkifygw,f/

'gayr,hf uGefjrLepfawGvkd vdktyf&if rdbudkyg owf r,fqdkwmrsKd;? bk&m;ociftwGufqdk taocHAkH;cGJ wdkufcdkufr,fqdk wmrsKd;txd rdkuf½l;&J tpGef;a&mufatmif Free Think &ifawmh tJ'DtpGef;a&muf tpGJtvrf;BuD;u olYpdwfudk xl;cwfxm;ovdk jzpfaevdkY avmavmq,frSmyJ tJ'DtpGJtvrf; avSmifcsKdifhtwGif;rSm ae&Sdvsuf tvif;a&mif rjrifEkdifwJh rsufuef;vdk ae&½kHru aocgeD;rSm edrdwfaumif;udk arQmfvihfEdkifzG,f r&Sdbl;/oHo,vm;Mum;emwm zwf½Iwmudk oHo,pdwfeJY rSdef;ae½kHeJY bmrS jzpfrvmEdkifwJhtwGuf bkef;BuD;taeeJY ]qef;ppf} qdk&mrSm umvmrokwf


tajymcHEdkifyghrvJ/ tJ'Dvdk a[majymolawGudkvnf; udk,fuef;vdkYolrsm;udk tuef;azmf&Smw,fvdkYyJ qdk&vdrfhr,f/ bmomw&m;awGu udk,hfvrf;eJYudk,f oGm;aeMuwmyg/ olwdkY[molwdkY aumif;ayr,hf udk,fraumif;Edkifbl;/ udk,faumif;wmudk olwdkY raumif;Edkifbl;qdkwmvnf; aocsmw,f/ 'gaMumihf udk,fhbmomw&m;&JUwefzdk;udk em;vnfwJh ar;cGef;&SifwdkYudk av;pm;ygw,f/ atmifjrifatmif BudK; pm;zdkYvnf; wdkufwGef;ygw,f/

]tBuHÓmPf &vdkygonf}qdkvdkY &,fp&m ajym&tkH;r,f .. wdkif;&if;ol bmomjcm;eJY taMumif;ygNyD; olYuav;udk Ak'¨0g' tqkH;trawGudk oifay;r,fvdkY awGUwdkif; ajymavh&SdwJh Ak'¨bmom vli,fwpfa,muf 5-ESpft½G,f om;awmf armifudk ]x aom &mZm okH'o rked ok'¨g 'a';,s}&JU t"dyÜm,fudk &Sif;jyonfqdkyJ/ &Sif;jy&if;vnfoGm;vdkY bkef;BuD;qD n 9;30 avmuf zkef;quf tultnDawmif;zl;ygw,f/ 'Dvli,fvnf; olYom;udk bmudk t"duoifNyD;b,fvdk pnf;½kH;&r,f qdkwmeJY ywfoufvkdY tcuftcJ &SdaeykHygyJ/b0tptJ'Dt½G,f uav;awGudk rdbawGtaeeJY tdrfrSm oif&wm vuf0ifEdkifygw,f/ 'gayr,fh onf;cHNyD; vkyfudkvkyf&rSmu rdbwdkY&JUwm0efyg/ bkef;BuD;ausmif; r&SdwJhae&mjzpf&if &[ef;oHCm "mwfykHawG Ak'¨qif;wkawmf odkYr[kwf Ak'¨½kyfyHk yef;csDum;awGeJY &if;ESD;aeatmif? tJ'Dt&mawG[m rdrdwdkYeJY ywfoufrI&SdNyD; txiftjrifao;&r,hf t&maawG r[kwfbJ txufwef;us *kPf,l av;pm;&r,hf t&mawGtaeeJY odaeatmif .. Oyrm qGrf;awmfuyf? yef;awmfuyf? aomufawmfa& uyfwJhtcg olwdkYudk yg0ifapjcif;rsKd;?udk,f wdkifu av;pm;jywmrsKd; .. vkyfoihfw,f/

tawmftwef em;vnfEdkifwJh tcsdefrSm avmurSm rdrd rSwpfyg; tm;udk;p&m r&Sd? rdrdonfom rdrd&JU zefqif;&Sif? ouf&Sd oufrJh

302/ ESvkH;om;tarG 939


'DvdkjzpfvmzdkY wpfESpfeD;yg; tcsdef,l&w,f/ a[m .. ckqdk rdepf 30avmuf w&m;xdkifckdif;ypfvdkY udk,hfvlawG bmrS rjzpfawmhbl;/ ridkufbl;? raqmhbl;? aumif;aumif; vkyfw,f/ w&m;xdkifNyD;&ifawmh arsmufyJaygh/ uav;yJ Opöm/ 'gayr,fh bkef;BuD;ausmif;udka&muf&if yxrqkH; vkyf&rSmu Ak'¨H o&PH *pämrd qdkzdkYeJY w&m;xdkifzdkYqdkwm tvdkvdk odaeNyD/ rdbawGuvnf; tm;ay;awmh vkyfay;&wm auseyfygw,f/ olwdkYESpfa,muf&JU 'Di,fpOfb0 tawGUtBuKH[m t½G,fa&mufwJhtcg olwdkYb0udk tawmftwef oufa&mufEdkifr,fvdkY bkef;BuD; ,kHMunfaeygw,f/eD;pyfygapESvkH;om;tarGudk trSefwu,f ay;csif&if yD,mEdk? a&ul;? u&maw; oifwef;awG wufae&vdkY ausmif;pmawG rsm;vdkYqdkwJh taMumif;jycsufawG r&Sdoihfbl;/ tyef;ajz c&D;xGufzdkYawmif tcsdef&Sdao;wmyJ/ udk,faewJh NrdKUrSm bkef;BuD;ausmif;&Sd&if b,favmufa0;a0; tenf;qkH; wpfvwpfBudrf uav;udkygac:NyD; bkef;BuD;ausmif;udk oGm;jzpfatmif oGm;oihfw,f/ udk,fwdkifvnf; omoemjyK olwdkYudkvnf; tarGay;&if;aygh/ bkef;BuD;ausmif;rSm uav;twGuf bmoma&; oifwef;awG &Sd&ifvnf; rvGwfapeJY/

wpfcgrSm .. yGJvrf;obif&SdSrS bkef;BuD;ausmif;udk a&mufvmwwfwJh &SpfESpft½G,f uav;wpfa,muf bkef;BuD; yckH;udk udkifNyD; pum;vmajymawmh tazvkyfolu cyfxefxefeJY ]a[haumif?bkef;BuD;qdkwm vlr[kwfbl;uG} qdkNyD; vSrf;qGJawmh om;jzpfolu]vlr[kwfawmh bmvJ}wJh/ 'Dawmh uav;taz vla&SUrSm tajz&usyfoGm;NyD; uav;udk &Suf&rf; &rf;w,f/ ausmif;rSm q&mq&mrawGu olwdkY&JU yckH;udk uav;awG udkifajymwmudk ESpfoufwmudk;/ trSefu uav;crsm bkef;BuD;udk wpfcgwpf&HrS awGU&wmjzpfawmh ausmif;u q&mq&mrawGvdkyJ xifaeykH&w,f/ t



oufrJhudk zefqif;ol avmuom;wdkY&JU jypfrIudk wm0ef,lol (God)

qdkwm vkH;0 r&Sd? rdrdvkyfwJh tqdk;taumif;&JU tusKd;qufudk rdrdonfom cH&pH&r,f .. qdkwJh oabmudk tcGihfomwdkif; vufawGUerlemav;awGeJY xyfcgxyfcg em;oGif;yg/ God udk,kHwJh {&mr todkif;t0dkif;BuD;&JU vTrf;rdk;rIatmufrSm ae&awmh 'g[m ta&;tBuD;qkH; tajccHyJ/ ewfjynf? edAÁmef? b0oHo&m qdkwmawGudk rvSrf;ygeJYtkH;/ twå&Sdw,fvdkY ,kHMunfwJh avmuBuD;udk Ak'¨bk&m;&Sifutwå r&Sdygvdk a[majym&ovdk tvGefawmh cufcJvdrfhr,f/

a&Smif&eftdrfrSm tzGm;u &SpfESpft½G,f ajr;uav;udk rdbudk owf&ifajrrsKdr,f rdk;BudK;ypfr,fvdkY oifwmudk ajr;u ausmif;rSm upm;azmfawGudk ajymwJhtcg ausmif;om;awG 0dkif;NyD; &,fwmudk cH&wJhtwGuf rauseyfvdkY q&mrawGudk oGm;ajymawmh q&mrawGvnf; &,fMuowJh/ tJ'Dawmh uav;u &SufoGm;NyD; rdrdudk rrSefwm ajym&rvm;qdkNyD; tzGm;ukd pdwfqkd;owJh/ olYtzGm;udk t,kHtMunf enf;oGm;wJhtjyif bkef;BuD;ausmif;udkawmif ac:r&jzpfaeowJh/ trSefawmh 'Du q&m q&mr qdkolawGvnf; oabmxm;jynhf0ovdk [efaqmifxm;ayr,hf bmoma&; tpJGtvrf;awmh&SdMurSmaygh/ ig;yg;oDvvdkY ajym&if vufcHEdkifayr,hf tJ'g Ak'üqkH;rwmvdkYajym&if vIdufvSJvSJ tm;ay;csifrS tm;ay;rSm/ udk,futa&SUwdkif; rsufESmaygufqdkawmh ydkawmif qdk;Edkifw,f/

'gaMumihf tJ'Dvdk ½IyfaxG;apr,hf taMumif;t&m a0g[m&rsKd;udk a&SmifNyD; olwdkYESvkH;om;rSm &wemokH;yg;&JU wefzdk;udk em;vnfaeatmif vufawGUvkyfjyNyD; olwdkYudkvnf; vkyfcdkif;zdkYu ydkta&;BuD;ygw,f/ tJ'D t½G,frSm earm wó? Ak'¨H o&PH *p ämrd? "r®H.. oHCH .. avmufqdk vkHavmufygw,f/ orÁKa'¨wdkY y|mef; 24ypönf;wdkYvdk [mawGu t"dyÜm,fvnf; rodawmh r½GwfbJae&if

rMumcif arhoGm;EdkifwmrdkY odyfNyD; OD;pm;ay;p&m rvdkbl;/ igwdkYuxl;jcm;w,f? txufwef; usw,f odkYr[kwf olwdkYxuf ydkomw,fvdkY olwdkYpdwfxJrSm pJGae NrJaeatmif vkyfxm;zdkYyJ vdkw,f/

tawGUtBuKHbkef;BuD;wdkY ausmif;udk qGrf;vmydkYaewJh ZeD;armifESHrSm om;ESpfa,muf &Sdw,f/ qGrf; pydkYwkef;u ti,faumifu wpfESpfausmf?tBuD;aumifu okH;ESpfausmf/ ckqdk olwdkYrdom;pk qGrf;vmydkYwmokH;ESpfausmfNyD/ wpfywfrS rysufbl;/ 'gavmuf apwemaumif;wJholwdkYudk b,fvdk aus;Zl;jyef qyf&rvJvdkY pOf;pm;&if; *dktifumBuD; oifMum;wJh uav;w&m;pcef; ADG'D,kdwpfckudk Munfhrd&muae 'Duav; ESpfa,mufudk w&m;xkdifcdkif;zdkY tBuH&ygw,f/ uav;awG&JU tajctaeudk Munhfawmh .. tcef;xJudk 0ifwmeJY ajy;vTm; ckefaygufNyD; [dkqGJcs 'DuefxkwfeJY zifudk avmufudkufaewJharsmufuav;awGvdkyJ/ 'DESpfaumifudk w&m;xdkifcdkif;r,hf udpövG,fawmh rvG,fbl;/

'gayr,hf wd&dp ämefawGawmif tpmjyNyD; avhusihf&if & ao;wmyJ qdkNyD; a[h .. udkudk .. 0wkwf .. vmvm .. bkef;bkef;a&SUvmxdkif .. av;ig;Budrfruac:vdkY vmxdkifawmh zifawmif Murf;udkrxdao;bl;? yufvufBuD; ypfvSJcsvdkufwm ajcaxmufu bkef;BuD;rsufESmem;rSm 0Jaew,f/ udpör&Sd .. &ygw,f/ aemufawmhtarvkyfolu vrf;rSm um;ay:rSm bkef;BuD;ausmif;udk a&muf&ifbmawGvkyf&r,f? tJ'Dvdk vkyfEdkif&if arG;aeYrSm bmawG 0,fay;r,f qdkwmrsKd;awGeJY t&ifqkH; olwdkYpdwfudk EId;aqmfxm;vdkY aemufawmh bkef;BuD;a&SUrSm NidrfNidrfav; xdkifwwfvmw,f/ aemufwpfqihf .. xdkifNyD; rsufvkH; rSdwfwwfvmw,f/ aemufwpfqihf .. xdkif?rsufvkH;rSdwf? touf½ª vkyfwwf vmw,f/ aemufwpfqihf ..0ifav (In) .. xGufav (Out) qdkwmudk pdwfeJY qdkwwfvmw,f/



azu tJ'Dvkd vkyfawmh bkef;BuD;eJY ydka0;oGm;rSmaygh/ bkef;BuD;udktazu awmif;yef? aemufrS om;udk &Sif;jy&if ydkraumif;bl;vm;/ tJ'Dvdk rjzpfapcsif&if tpuwnf;u &[ef;oHCmeJY eD;pyfatmif vkyfxm;aygh/ uav;u em;vnfae&if b,fvkyfyghrvJ/tcsKdU rdbawG[m udk,fwdkifvnf; &[ef;oHCmeJY reD;pyfcJhawmhbkef;BuD; ausmif;udk oGm;&rSmudk 0efav;aewwfw,f/ tJ'DvdkrsKd;awmh rjzpfygapeJY/udk,fhrSm&S drStaemufEdkifiHawGrSm ae&mwum uav;udk OD;pm;ay;w,f/ jzpfvnf; jzpfoihfygw,f/ ausmif;rSmudku emcHNyD; ½dkao udkif;ñGwfzdkYxuf pnf;urf;udk vdkufemwwfzdkY jiif;ckHwwfzdkY vkyf&Judkif&JzdkYtav;ay;NyD; oifay;w,f/ odyf aumif;ygw,f/ 'gayr,hf tcsKdUjrefrmjynfu vmolawG[m tJ'gav;avmufudk em;vnfNyD; 'grSrSefw,f [kwfw,ftxifeJY tvGeftuRH jzpfaewmawGudkvnf;awGU&w,f/ bkef;BuD; a&mufpu bkef;BuD;aewJh ausmif;rSm uav;aqmhr,hf tcef;ydkr&Sdawmh bkef;BuD;aewJh tcef;xJ uav;awG 0ifaqmhMuw,f/ tcef;xJ&Sdwm tukefzG? pmtkyfawGudk qGJcs? qkwfNzJ (bkef;BuD; jrwfjrwfEdk;Edk; odrf;xm;wJh The Light of Asia

pmtkyfuav; tJ'Dwkef;u olwdkY aomufwJh azsmf&nfzdwfusvdkYysufpD;oGm;wmaygh? ESajrmvdkufwm/) NyD; .. bkef;BuD;tdyfwJh ckwifay:wufNyD; ckefw,f/ av;a,mufvkH; ckefawmh ckwifusKd;wmaygh/tarvkyfolu tcef;udk acsmif;MunhfNyD; ckwifusKd;aewmudk jrif&ufeJY bmrSrajymbJ jyefvSnfhoGm;w,f (wu,fyg)/ bkef;BuD;vnf; pmyGJay: xdkifNyD; pma&;oa,mif pmzwfoa,mif vkyfaevdkuf&w,f/ rdbawGudk,fwdkifu ½dkif;aeawmh bmrS rajymEdkifbl;/

azmfjyyg rdbrsKd;awGeJY tdkAm;rm; av,lavodrf;eJY t*FvdyfvdkajymwwfvdkY qdkNyD; olYom;udk vlYa&SU xkwfjyNyD; <um;avh&SdwJh rdbrsKd;awG (r&,feJY .. wu,f&Sdygw,f) bkef;BuD;ausmif;udk oGm;ay

ay: rnfodkY ajymqdkqufqHNyD; bmawG vkyfay;oihfygoenf;/ vlwpfa,muf b0&JUed*kH;jzpfwJh aow,fqdkwm b,fvdkygvJ? nDri,f b0ul;aumif;zdkY rnfodkY aqmif½Gufay;&rvJ qdkwmawGudkyJ tcsdef&Sdwdkif; pOf;pm;aerdygonf/ oufom&m &apEdkifaom "r®a'oemwpfckudk emMum; rSwfom;vkdygonf t&Sifbk&m;/

cifcifat;? armfvNrdKifwuúodkvf---------------------------

rQa0vdkw,farG;jcif;eJY aojcif;qdkwm vlwdkif;BuKH&rSm jzpfayr,hf vufawGU BuKHvm&if b,fvdk udkifwG,f&r,fqdkwmudk trsm;pk em;rvnfMubl;/ roufqdkifwkef;u NyKH;Edkifayr,hf oufqdkifvmwJh tcgrSmawmhAmADusKqdkifu tmvl;rD;tkH;vdk txJrSm usdwfNyD; ylaqG;aewwfMuw,f/ ajcrudkifrd vufrudkifrd wkefcsdcsdeJY bmvkyfvdkY vkyf&rSef;rodEdkifawmhbl;/ 'gaMumihf tJ'gtwGuf em;vnfrIeJY BudKwif jyifqifxm;rIawG vdkwmaygh/ b,favmufyJ atmifjrif ausmfMum;vlod rsm;ap? tmPmwefcdk; xGm;apxefap? Opömpnff;pdrf aygapacsmap? 'Dawmifudk rausmfEdkifawmhbl;vdkY udk,fh[mudk,f odaewJhtajctae wpf&yfudk wpfaeYawmh oifa&migyg tm;vkH; vufawGUBuKHMu&tkH;rSm/

udk,fhtvSnfhra&mufcif udk,fha&SUuvludk apmihfa&Smuf&r,fharG;&mygwm0ef&SdvdkY olYtay: ukd,fu b,fvdk ESvkH;oGif;eJY bmawG vkyfay;&rvJ? b,fvdk xdawGU qufqH&rvJ? vlwpfa,muf[m 'Db0cE¨m ukefqkH;csdef eD;uyfvmwJhtcg b,fvdk t&dyfvu©PmawG jzpfvmovJ? aemufqkH; xGufoufudk b,fvdk ½ªoGm;ovJ .. qdkwmawGudk Leukemia (aoG;uifqm) vlemwpfOD;eJYteD;uyf aecJhzl;vdkY &&SdwJh bkef;BuD;&JU tawGUtBuKHeJY em;vnfcJh&ykHrSwfwrf;wdkav;udk wdkufqdkifvmvdkY xyfrH rQa0vdkufygw,f/

303/ tMuifem olYqDodkY 945


r,hf olwdkY uav;awGudk ESvkH; om;tarG ay;Edkifr,fvdkY bkef;BuD;r,lqbl;/ tarGqdkwm udk,hfrSm&SdrS trSefwu,f ay;csifpdwfvnf;&SdrS olrsm;udk ay;zdkY jzpfEdkifwmyg/

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&Jarmifarmif---------------------------

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304/ vlYcE¨m&Sd t½dk;aygif;


t&Sifbk&m;? EdkifiHawmfAk'ömoemh r[mAk'¨0ifusrf;rSm t&Sifaum-@n? t&Sifom&dykwå&m? t&Sifarm*¾v’mefESihf t&SiftmeE´mwdkY taMumif;udk azmfjy&mü y&dedAÁmefpHykHudk tao;pdwf qdkaomfvnf;t&SiftEk½k'¨g t&Sifr[muóywdkY y&dedAÁmefpHykHESihf ywfoufírlwpGef;wprQ rod&yg/ jzpfEdkifvQif xdkrax&fESpfyg;\ xl;jcm;csuftcsKdUESihf y&dedAÁmefpHykHudk azmfjyay;apcsifygonf/

rtwkvÓmPD---------------------------

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305/ t&SiftEk½k'¨g? t&Sifr[muó jyifqifcsuf ruGmEdkifojzihf yxroH*g,em wifcsdefrSm oufawmf 80 ywf0ef;

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306/ tvªyGJ MuufaMumf ZGef 23? 2013/--------------------------------

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apmxGef;atmifausmf? vIdif;bGJUNrdKUe,f? Oa'gif;½Gm/---------------------------

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305/ t&SiftEk½k'¨g? t&Sifr[muóy jyifqifcsuf 957


Nidrfoufatmif t"dyÜm,f jynhf0wJh *gxmESpfyk'fudk ½Gwfqdkolyg/aomua&mufaewJh rv ’mrif;wdkYudkvnf; ESpfodrfhw&m; a[mMum;ygw,f ('D 2? 129)/ yxroH*g,emrSm OD;aqmif yg0ifcJhNyD; oH*g,emNyD;wJhtcg t*Fkwå&edum,fudk wm0ef,l ydkYcscJhygw,f ('D-| 1?15)/ t&Sifjrwf[m &[ef;jzpfNyD;aemuf 25 ESpfywfvkH; rusdef;pufbl;/ ypädr,HrSmyJ usdef;pufwmuawmh ESpfaygif; 30 (ax&?904-*gxm)/ ausmeJY Murf;cif; xdNyD; rusdef;pufwmu ESpfaygif;50 jzpfaMumif; ('D-| 2? 328) MunfndKzG,f avhvm&ygw,f/

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rdbaqGrsKd;awGudk oGm;awGUcsdefrSm a&m[deDu rawGUvdkygvdkY jiif;&mrSm olYrSmjzpfaewJh udk,fa&jym; a&m*gaMumihf &SufvdkYjzpfaMumif;t&Sifjrwfod&wJhtcg a&m[deD&JU tqifwefqmtcsKdUudk a&mif;NyD;Ak'ëJY oHCmawmfawG oDwif;okH;&ef ausmif;aqmuf vª'gef;zdkY t&Sifjrwfu wdkufwGef;w,f/ a&m[deDvnf; tpfudk ñTefMum;wdkif;vkyfw,f/ 'Daemuf a&m[deD[m a&m*gaysmufuif;½kHru aomwmyefvnf; jzpfoGm;NyD; t&Sifjrwfxuf apmpD;pGm uG,fvGefcJhykH&ygw,f ("r®y'-| 2? 191)/

jyifrSwfygt&Sifr[muóy taMumif;udk ar;cGef;trSwf 93 rSm jyefzwfyg/ tJ'DrSm usrf;udk;awG oGufoGufcsm vGJaewmawGU&vdkY awmifyefjcif;ESifhtwl tck jyefjyifay;vdkufygw,f/ ]oufawmf 120&Snfw,f ('D-| 2? 6/ oH-| 2? 161)/ ESpfaygif; 120 ywfvkH;ckwif anmifapmif;ay:rSm ausmcsNyD; usdef;pufawmfrrl ('D-| 2?328)}/ þzGifhqdk csufESpfck t&rl arG;uwnf;u edoZÆ"kwifaqmufwnf& rvdk jzpfaevdkY ynm&SdwdkY ,kwådudk pOf;ygukef/

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306/ tvªyGJ MuufaMumf 959


(0d 3? 297)}/ a0,HbkHom q&mawmf a&;wJh r[m0gygVdawmfedó, (pm-74)rSm ]"lraewåH}udk yef;wl? aq;wHvdkY bmomjyefygw,f/ ]"lr0¥ d = tcdk;&Sdaom tvdyf (aq;vdyf)udk rGef;rwnhfrDtwGif; tuyfcHNyD; aomuf ½ªaumif;\ (0d-| 3? 118)}/

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307/ aq;vdyf uGrf;,m a&SmifMuOfyg 961


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307/ aq;vdyf uGrf;,m a&SmifMuOfyg ZGef 30? 2013/----------------------

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309/ uHMur®,dk;r,fzGJU 973

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Samar Par

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309/ uHMur®m,kd;r,fzGJU

310/ qifjcifygukef 975

Mo*kwf 16? 2013/---------------------------

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310/ qifjcifygukef 977

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311/ owdcsyfygukef 979

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312/ ukodkvfxl; ckepfrsKd; Mo*kwf 27? 2013/----------------------------------------

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311/ owdcsyfygukef 981

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(7) a&wGif; a&uef vª'gefjcif; ukodkvf [laom ukodkvf ckepfrsKd;udk vª'gef;vQif trSefwu,f tyg,fydwfygovm; bk&m;/ orD;odxm;onfrSm rSefygovm; bk&m;/2/ pma&;wHrJcsjcif; ukdokdvfqdkwm b,fvdk tvªrsKd;ygvJ bk&m;/rnfodkY jyKEdkifygoenf;/3/ aomwmyef jzpfonf? 'ku©ESihf 0dpdudpäm NyD;onfqdkwm b,fvdkrsKd;ygvJ bk&m;/ vrf;ñTef ajzMum;ay;apvdkygonf bk&m;/

orD; tdNzKd;4-&yfuGuf? ta&SU'*kHNrdKUe,f/

---------------------------

rSefygw,fazmfjyxm;wJh ukodkvf ckepfrsKd;udk jyKol[m tyg,fwHcg; ydwfaMumif; t*Fkwå&t|uxm oOyg'daoookwf tzGihf (tH-| 3?265)rSm azmfjycsuf&SdvdkY ]orD; odxm;onf}rSm rSefygw,f/(aqmif)wdo&P? ig;oDv? jyKMutvªrJ/a&wGif; ausmif; uef? vªwkHjyef? ykHrSefqGrf;0wf rysufNrJ/0gqdkuxdef? ouFef;csdef? wpfBudrf rysufbJ/tyg,frus? ckepf0? xl;vS ukodkvfyJ/

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986 t&Sifauvmo (USA) "r ®tar;tajzrsm; 312/ ukodkvfxl; ckepfrsKd; 983

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313/ ckepfqlbk&m;&Sdcdk; Mo*kwf 28? 2013/---------------------------------------

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xGef;ausmfol---------------------------

984 t&Sifauvmo (USA) "r ®tar;tajzrsm; 313/ ckepfqlbk&m;&Sdcdk; 985

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Wonderful it is to train the mind so swifely moving, seizing whatever it wants. Good is it to have a well-trained mind, for a well-trained mind brings happiness. (The Dhammapada)

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4/ erw¬K uukoE¨ó? rm&aoem yr'´daem/zsufqD;ESdrfeif; rm&fppfoif; atmifjcif;trsKd;rsKd;/uukoE¨ jrwfAk'¨ uRefu ½dk&Sdcdk; .. ½dk&Sdcdk;/

5/ aumPm*reó erw¬K? jA[®Pó 0koDrawm/raumif;rIrsm; y,fNyD;om; usihfxm;r*fzdkvf&Sdw,fudk;/aumPm*re jrwfAk'¨ uRefu ½dk&Sdcdk; .. ½dk&Sdcdk;/

6/ uóyó p erw¬K? 0dyÜrkwåó oAÁ"d/cyfodrf;udavom uif;vGwfum edAÁm0ifpHvQKd;/uóyAk'¨ rnfawmf& uRefu ½dk&Sdcdk; .. ½dk&Sdcdk;/

7/ t*Ð&oó erw¬K? ousykwåó od&Drawm/a,m £rH "r®H a'aowd? oAÁ'ku©mrEl'eH/a&mifjcnf½Tef;vuf oa&,Suf ousaqGawmfrsKd;/qif;&JNidrf;ap a[m>rufacR a0aeaumif;usKd;wdk;/a*gwrAk'¨ rnfawmf& uRefu ½dk&Sdcdk; .. ½dk&Sdcdk;/ckepfqlAk'¨ ½Tifwuf<u uRefu ½dk&Sdcdk; .. ½dk&Sdcdk;/

1/ oH0gaoe oDvH a0'dwAÁH/twlwl aejcif;jzihf oDvudk od&\/

2/ oHa0g[ma&e aomap,sH a0'dwAÁH/ajymqdkjcif;jzihf pifMu,frIudk od&\/

3/ tmy'gok xmarm a0'dwaAÁm/ab;BuKHaomf ÓmPfpGrf;tm;udk od&\/

4/ omup >m, ynm a0'dwAÁm/aqG;aEG;Munhfjcifjzihf ynmudk od&\/

(owåZ#dvoH,kwf)

990 t&Sifauvmo (USA) "r ®tar;tajzrsm; 313/ ckepfqlbk&m;&Sdcdk; 987

jrefrmEdkifiH ae&mtESHYrSSm apwDykxdk;rsm;udk awGUjrif&ygonf/ apwDykxdk;rsm;onf Ak'ömoem wnfwHh&ef rnfodkY taxmuftyHh jyKEdkifygoenf;/ Ak'¨jrwfpGmu olY&JUwynhf om0uawGudk apwDwnfzdkY wdkufwGef;cJhygovm;/ Oyrm ql;avapwDqdkvQif vltrsm; oGm;vmonhf vrf;qkHvrf;cGrSm wnfxm;ojzihf r½dkrao rzG,fr&mvkyfrdvQif vltrsm;tm; ukodkvfxuf tukodkvfudkyif jzpfapEdkifrnf[k xifygonf/ apwDwnfxm; udk;uG,fjcif;\ tusKd;tjypfudk odvdkygonf t&Sifbk&m;/ William Aung

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314/ jrefrmh*kPfaqmif 314/ jrefrmh*kPfaqmif 989

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316/ o&JawGudk jrifol q&mawmfwyg;onf okomefxJrSm "kwif aqmufwnfwkef;uNydwåmawG taMumif;udk w&m;yGJü a[majymygonf/ vlNydwåmoDv&SifNydwåm bkef;BuD;NydwåmawGudk toGifykHoP²mef? t½G,ftpm;rsm;udk twdtus awGUjrif&NyD; ¤if;wdkYtm; w&m;a[m trQay;a0

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at;jynhfZif--------------------------

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cEökwfAk'¨vufxufu &[ef;wpfyg; a>rudkufcH&vdkY ysHvGefwmudk taMumif;jyKNyD; Ak'ü &[ef;awGudk 0d½lyu©? {&myx? qAsmykwå?uPSma*gwr trnf&Sd a>rrif;av;rsKd;tm; arwåmydkYykH oifMum;awmfrl&muae cEökwfqdkwm jzpfay: vmcJhw,f/ 'Da>rrif;av;rsKd;udk arwåmpdwf jzefYxm;&if a>rqdyfudk umuG,faMumif;eJY rdrdudk,fudk umuG,fzdkY t&Htwm; taeeJY 'Dy&dwfudk cGihfjyKawmfrlaMumif; 0de,ygVdawmf (0d 4? 245)rSm &SifawmfAk'¨ rdefYMum;ygw,f/'gaMumihf cEökwf[m bk&m;a[mtppf jzpfaMumif; rSwfxm;vdkufyg/ cEökwf&JU tESpfom&u arwåmydkYeJY ckepfqlbk&m; &Sdcdk;jzpfygw,f/ arwåmydkYqdkwm arwåmur®|mef; yGm;rsm;wm? bk&m;&Sdcdk; qdkwmvnf; Ak'¨gEkówdur®|ef; yGm;rsm;wmyJjzpfvdkY xyfum

994 t&Sifauvmo (USA) "r ®tar;tajzrsm; 315/ p&PtusKd;

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992 t&Sifauvmo (USA) "r ®tar;tajzrsm; 315/ p&PtusKd; 993

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q&mawmfbk&m; usef;rmygaparoefYjzL

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odef;atmif--------------------------

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]xdktcsdefu aumif;uifü oGm;aeaom t½dk;pkNydwåmudk jrifyg\/ xdkt½dk;pk Nydwåmudk Nydwåmvif;w? NydwåmusD; iSuf? NydwåmpGef&JwdkYonf vdkufívkdufí eH½dk;Mum;wdkYü xdk;qdwfukef\/ xdkt½dk;pkNydwåmonf emusifaom toHudkjyK\/ xdkpOf ]]þuJhodkYaom owå0grsKd;&Sdayao;\}}[k pOf;pm; NyD; NyKH;rdjcif; jzpfyg\}vdkY ajzMum;ygw,f/

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998 t&Sifauvmo (USA) "r ®tar;tajzrsm; 316/ o&JawGudk jrifol 995

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317/ ajzaomfrajy pufwifbm 9? 2013/------------------------------------------------- q&mawmf bk&m;? rdef;uav; wpfa,mufonf ESpfbufrdb oabmrwlol wpfa,mufESihf cspfBuKdufum vGefusL;rdojzihf uav;usefcJhygonf/ xdkvlrSm EdkifiHjcm;odkY a&mufoGm;ygonf/ xdkvl\rdbrsm;rSm rdef;uav;ESihf vGefusK;rdonhf udpöudk odoGm;aomfvnf; rdef;uav;udk wm0ef,l&ef rvdkaMumif; tjyif;txef jiif;qdkonhfjyif rdef;uav;tm; awGUonhf ae&mwGif owfypfrnf[kyif Ncdrf;ajcmufygonf/ xdkrdef;uav;ESihf ywfoufolrSmvnf;rdbrsm;\ tvdkus wm0efr,lEdkifaMumif; ajymvsuf tquftoG,f jzwfNyD; rdef;uav;tm; pGefYypfcJhygonf/

996 t&Sifauvmo (USA) "r ®tar;tajzrsm; 317/ ajzaomfrajy 997

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ar;ol trnfrxif&Sm;--------------------------

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318/ rSefygonf? odkYaomf .. 317/ ajzaomfrajy 999

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No Excuse

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1000 t&Sifauvmo (USA) "r ®tar;tajzrsm; 317/ ajzaomfrajy 1001

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rdk;ukwfa,m*D--------------------------

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319/ tawG;em; owdxm; 318/ rSefygonf? odkYaomf 1003

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I know for sure that what we dewll on is who we become. Oprah Winfrey (5/11 RD)

,ck jzpfaewJh b0[m aemif jzpfvmr,hf olyJ qdkwmudkawmhuRefr taotcsm odw,f/

1004 t&Sifauvmo (USA) "r ®tar;tajzrsm; 318/ rSefygonf? odkYaomf .. 1005

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bk&m;rSm trSwfw&ckeajymjywJh twkdif;ygyJ/ pdwfxm;om t"du jzpfygvdrfhr,f/udk,fwdkif &Sdcdk;ylaZmfzdkY twGufqdk&if bk&m;qif;wk? odkYr[kwf apwDawmf oufoufyJ "mwfykH ½dkufoihfw,f/ bk&m;udk a&mufcdkufrSm trSwfw&taeeJY ½dk½dkaoao yef;a&csrf; uyfvª ylaZmfaewJh "mwfykHawG ½dkufvdkY tjypf rjzpfwef&mbl;/ tif; ... rdef;uav;awG 'l;ay:aewJh puwfudk 0wfNyD; &nf;pm;? odkYr[kwfvifa,musfm;eJY usDp,faewJh twGJykHawGusawmh pdwfxJubk&m;udk MunfnKdygw,f qdk&ifawmif bkef;BuD;awmh rBudKufbl;/bk&m; apwDudk oGm;&mrSm Ak'¨*kPfudk tm½kHjyKzdkYeJY ukodkvf,lzdkYut"du rjzpfoihfbl;vm;/ vifr,m; orD;&nf;pm; rdom;pkawGeJY]uJ}zdkYqdk&if iyvDvdk acsmif;omvdk[mrsKd; oGm;aygh/ ½dkufprf;?"mwfykHawG b,favmuf ½dkufrvJ/

wwf wGr® qd----------------------xdk (ol)onf oifyif jzpf\/

([dE´L)

[efrus]rodrIaMumihf bkHb0udk txifBuD;wmu wPSm}vdkY t"dyÜm,fzGifhwmvnf; odyfraumif;bl;/ ]txifBuD;} qdkwm twGuf ]rme}qdkwJh ygVdpum;vkH; &SdNyD; jzpfvdkYyg/ ]rodrIaMumihf bkHb0udk wyfrufwm wPSm}vdkY ½dk;½dk;av; ajym&if em;vnf wwfodolawG&JU]tawG;em;}udk cvkwf rwdkufEdkifvkdY tEÅ&m,f uif;wmaygh/ ]rodaom pdwfudk t0dZÆm}vdkY qdkxm;wmvnf; odyfawmh [efrusbl;/]t0dZÆm&JUw&m;udk,fu tukokdvfapwoduf 14 yg;xJu arm[apw oduf? t"dyÜm,fu rodjcif;}vdkY qdk&if &Sif;aewJh Opöm/aocsmapBuKHvdkY ajym&tkH;r,f .. ]ba0 Z,H b,H 'doGm}qdkwJh pm om;vnf; usrf;*efrSm &Sdr,fvdkY rxifbl;/ bkef;BuD;awmh tJ'D pmom;rsKd; rawGUzl;ao;bl;/ jA[®edrEÅeduokwf (r 1? 405)xJu ]ba00g[H b,H 'doGm} pmydk'fayvm;/ vlao vljzpfwdkYu ]avmuork',Íö tw¬d? avmueda&m"Íö ew¬d}vdkY usrf;*efrSm r&SdwJh ygVdpmom;udk udk;um;wJhtcg 0denf;"dk&f q&mawG&JU rsufpdpyg;arT;pl;cHMu&wmaygh/ 'gaMumihf y&dowfa&SUrSm a[majymol wpfa,muf taeeJY rdrd udk;um;r,hf ]tm*r,kwåd}[m ygVdawmfvm;?t|uxmvm;? #Dumvm;qdkwm aocsmzdkY ta&;BuD;aMumif;yg/wpfcsKdUqdk eDwdusrf;xJu [mudk bk&m;a[mygvdkY trSwfrxifajymwmawGawmif Mum;zl;w,f/qifjcifvufwef; a[majym&wm jzpfvdkY trSm;t,Gif; ygEkdifwmudk em;vnfygw,f/ 'gayr,hf .. ar;cGef;xJrSm ygwmwpfcsKdUu cGihfrvTwfEdkifwJh rSm;,Gif;rIrsKd; jzpfaevdkY qifjcifEdkifzdkYeJY jyifqifEdkifzdkY ajymjyvdkufwmyg/

1010 t&Sifauvmo (USA) "r ®tar;tajzrsm; 319/ tawG;em; owdxm; 1007

q&mawmf t&Sifjrwfbk&m;?bk&m;ykHawmf[mif;rsm;ESihf ywfoufNyD; ar;avQmufyg&ap bk&m; ..wynhfawmfxHwGif ESpfaygif; rsm;pGmrS bk&m;ykHawmfrsm;ESihf apwDawmf bk&m;ykHawmf yg&Sdonhf jyu©'def ta[mif;rsm; &Sdaeygonfbk&m;/ xdkykHawmfESihf jyu©'def ta[mif;rsm;udk pGefYypfvQif i&JBuD;rSmaMumufí rnfodkY jyKvkyf&rnf rodygí ajzMum;ay;awmfrlyg bk&m;/

tcsKdUolrsm;onf a½Twd*kHbk&m;? usKdufxD;½dk;bk&m; tp &Sdojzihf bk&m;apwDawmfrsm;udk aemufcHxm;í tvS"mwf ykH½dkufjcif;(trlt,m trsKd;rsKd;jzihf)rsm; awGU&ygonfbk&m;/ udk;uG,fMunfnKdzG,f&m apwD? bk&m;rsm;udk tvS"mwfykH aemufcH Background

tjzpf tokH;jyKjcif;jzihf tjypfjzpf (i&JBuD;) Ekdifygovm; bk&m;/

udkrsKd;(Burmeseclassic taxGaxGwm0efcH)---------------------------

apwD? aAm"danmifudkif;ax&0g' tpOftvmrSm ½kyfykH qif;wkawGxuf "mwfawmf &SdwJhapwDeJY aAm"danmifyifudk ydkNyD; tav;*½kjyKw,fvdkY ynm&SifwdkYokH;oyfcsufawG &Sdw,f (History of Buddhism in Ceylon, p. 120

udk Munhfyg)/ taMumif;rJh apwDawmfudk NzKdzsuf&if? aAm"dudkif;udkckwfjzwf&if Ak'¨bk&m;&Sifudk udk,fxdvufa&muf jypfrSm;wmeJY wlw,fvdkY t|uxmrSm qdkw,f (tbd-| 2? 332)/ 'gayr,hf aAm"danmifudkif;[m apwDawmfudk tjrpfxdk;&if zsufqD;&if ckwfjzwfcGihf &Sdw,f (,if;? 332)/ a&S;a[mif;okawoe rSwfwrf;awGt&Ak'¨&JU "mwfawmf tppfawG udef;0yfaewJh tdE´d,u apwDawmf

awG NydKusysufpD;wJhtcg MunfnKdol Ak'¨0g'DawGu apwDa[mif;udk rzsufbJ ikHNyD; xyfrH jyKjyifrGrf;rHcJhaMumif; od&w,f/ 'Dazmfjycsuft& r½dkaowJh pdwfeJY taMumif;rJh zsufqD;&if tukodkvfjypfjzpfNyD; MunfnKdwJhpdwfeJY vdktyf&if ckwfjzwf jyKjyifcGifh&Sdw,fvdkYaumufcsuf rcsEdkifbl;vm;/Ak'¨½kyftavmif;awmfjrwfAk'¨ ½kyftavmif;awmfudk eHYomxif;ykHay:rSm t&Sifr[muóyrax&fBuD;&JU OD;aqmifñTefMum;rIeJY vdp ä0Drif;awGu rD;oN* ØK[fcJhw,f/ t&Sifom&dykwå&m? t&Sifarm*¾v’mef pwJh &[EÅmawG&JU ½kyftavmif;awmfudkvnf; rD;oN*ØK[fcJhw,f/ vltrsm;pk MunfndKwJhykxkZOf q&mawmf oHCmawmfawG ysHvGefawmfrl&ifvnf; rD;oN*ØK[f&wmyJ/ 'Dawmh bk&m; &[EÅmawG&JU ½kyftavmif;awmfawGeJY ykxkZOf &[ef;wdkY&JU ½kyftavmif;awGudk rEIdif;,SOfaumif;ayr,hf tenf;qkH; ylaZmfcH ouf&Sd yk*¾Kdvfxl;awGawmif toufeJY½kyf cE¨m twlr&SdvdkY y&dedAÁmefpH ysHvGefawmfrlwJhtcg rD;oN*ØK[f&w,fqdkwJh 'óeudk xkwf,lvdkY &Edkifavmufygw,f/"mwfyk H ? qif;wka[mif;awGazmfjyyg ,lqcsuf ESpf&yfudk tajccHNyD; Ak'¨½kyfykH yef;csDum;a[mif;?qif;wka[mif;awGeJY ywfoufNyD; r½dkaopdwfeJY r[kwfbJ MunfnKdpdwf&if; trSefeJY vdktyf&if zsufqD;ayr,hf tjypf rjzpfEdkifbl;vdkYbkef;BuD; ,lqw,f/ 'Dvdk vkyfoihfw,f ... Oyrm Ak'¨½kyfykHygwJhjyu©'defa[mif;? aqG;ajrUaewJh Ak'¨½kyfykH yef;csDum;a[mif;awGudktjrihfrSm wifNyD; pkaygif; rD;ylaZmfEdkifw,f/ usKd;ysuf aqG;ajrUaewJhodkYr[kwf taMumif;trsKd;rsKd;aMumihf royÜm,fwJh opfom; qif;wkawmfawGudkvnf; aocsmpDpOfNyD; Ak'¨gEkówd tm½kHeJY ½dk½dkaoaorD;ylaZmf&if ukodkvfawmif &Edkifygvdrhfr,f/ ypfpvufcwfvkyfNyD;trIdufykH;xJudk xnhfypfwmrsKd;awmh rjzpfoihfacsbl;aygh/

320/ ½kyfykHqif;wka[mif;awG 320/ ½kyfykHqif;wka[mif;awG 1009

bkef;bkef; bk&m;? pm&Snfae&if cGifhvTwfNyD; zwfay;apcsifygonfbk&m;/ wynfhawmfr Burmese Classic "r®tar;tajzrsm;rS No.

91 Question udkzwfNyD; bk&m;ay: rdef;rrwuf&qdkaom pnf;urf;csufESihf ywfoufí awmfawmf pdwfauseyfoGm;ayr,hf tJ'Dvdk t"dyÜm,f r&Sdaom pnf;rsOf;awGaMumihf wynhfawmfwdkY trsKd;orD;awG ukodkvf,l&mrSm pdwftaESmihft,Suf jzpf&wJhtjyif wpfcgwpf&H tukodkvfyg jzpfcJh&ygonf/ bk&m;&Sif vufxufuokZmwm olaX;orD;u udk,fwdkif CemEdkYqGrf; uyfvªcJhygw,f/bk&m;udkawmif trsKd;orD; udk,fwkdif qGrf;uyfvªEdkifcJhao;NyD; ,ckbk&m;&Sif&JU "mwfawmfudk Xmyemxm;wJh apwDawGrSm trsKd;orD;rsm;udk,fwkdif yef;? qGrf;? a½TouFef;uyf vªcGihfr&wmudk awmfawmf pdwfemrdygw,f/

trsKd;orD; wufcGihfr&wJh usKdufxD;½dk; apwDawmfudk a½TouFef; uyfvªcGihf&wJh a,musfm;tcsKdUxuf oDv? orm"d? ynmeJYydkjynhfpkHwJh rdef;ru udk,fwdkif uyfvªcGihf r&wm[m awmfawmf&ifemp&myg/ arNrdKUu wefckd;BuD;bk&m; wpfqlrSmqdk&if rdef;rawGudk yef;awmif udk,fwdkif uyfcGifh ray;yg/ wynhfawmfuawmhbkef;uHqdkwm usm;rqdkwJh oGifjyifeJY cGJjcm;wm r[kwfbJ tusihfodu©m oDvjynhfpkHrIeJYyJ wdkif;wm&wmvdkY ,kHMunfygw,f/ tJ'g rSefuefygovm;/ wpfcsKdU rdef;rawG udk,fwkdifu rdef;rawG[m a,m-usfm;awGxuf bkef;edrfhw,f? bk&m;ay:udk olwdkYwuf&if i&JBuD;w,fvdkY olwdkY vkH;0 vufcHMuygw,f/ wynhfawmfru wwfEdkifoavmuf &Sif;jyayr,hf olwdkY vufrcHyg/

rdef;rawGudk,fwdkif uyfvªcGifh&atmif ulnDay;zdkY bkef;bkef;wdkYudk arwåm&yfcHygw,f/ bkef;bkef; ajymovdk tem*wf vli,fawG a*gyuvlBuD; jzpfvmr,fh tcsdefus&if 'Dvdk tajctjrpfr&SdwJhRules awG aysmufoGm;zdkY? aemufqkH; wynhfawmfrwdkY raocif bk

321/ tdrfOD;ewf xD;½dk; bk&m;teD;udk ruyfeJY? trsKd;orD;udk,fwdkif arNrdKUbk&m;rSm

yef;ruyfeJY}vdkY wm;jrpfr,fvdkY bkef;BuD; r,lqbl;/

Rules vm;jrefrmjynf rwdk;wufwm taMumif;awG trsm;BuD; &SdEdkifygw,f/tJ'D taMumif;awGxJrSm &efukef NrdKUawmfcef;r a&SUu vGwfvyfa&; ausmufwkdif&SdwJh ywf0ef;usif wpfckvkH; ]yef;NcH} jzpfaewm?]c½dkeD bdkcsD}awG tiftm; aumif;aewm? ,if;wdkYu ,if;wdkY&JU b0eJY"eudk rpGefYvdkwmawGu ydkt"du usr,fvdkY xifygw,f/ tif; ..tif;? Rule qdkqdk Law ac:ac: .. ('DtaMumif; ajym&if bkef;BuD;enf;enf; awmh ausmcsrf;w,f)uvnf; &SdoihfvsufeJY wifjyykHenf; rusvdkY rrQwbl;xifNyD; trsm;pk vufrcH&if wpfzufom;u udk,hfudk tEdkif,loGm;rSmudk owdcsyfoihfw,fAsKdU/tdrfOD;ewfusef;*ef (tH 3? 93)rSm azmfjywJh ZeD;usihf0wf &SpfrsKd;xJrSm vifudk]½dkaoav;pm;jcif; ('gvnf;yJ vifu udk,fusihf oDvaumif;rS?udk,fhrdom;pkudk aumif;aumif; &SmazG auR;arG;rS jzpfoihfwmrsKd;yg/ tjyeftvSef oabmrsKd;ygyJ/ t&uform;? zJorm;? iysif;wpfa,mufudk b,folrS rav;pm;Edkifygbl;)? &SdNyD;Opömudk rjzKef;wD;jcif;? remvdkpdwf (a*s) rydkjcif;}qdkwmrsKd;awmh ygw,f/ vifudktdrfOD;ewfvdk udk;uG,fjcif;qdkwJh t"dyÜm,frsKd;awmh rawGUrdbl;/olYa,musfm;udk tdrfOD;ewfygvdkY taemufwdkif;u cyfMurf;Murf;

£w¬d,awGudk ajym&ifawmh &,frSmaygh/ ta&SU wdkif;olwpfOD;taeeJYawmh ]rdom;pktay: tenf;qkH; vuf½kH;&nfeJY vkHNcKHrI ay;EdkifwJhtwGuf wifpm;NyD; tdrfOD;ewf}vdkY qdk&if oufom&m &Edkifr,fvdkY ,lqygw,f/


&m;rSm udk,hfpdwfwdkif;us? udk,fwdkifudk,fus vGwfvyfpGm qGrf;awmf yef;awmf uyfvªEdkkifzdkY tvGefawmihfwrdygw,f/ jrefrmjynfBuD; rwdk;wufwm 'DvkdtokH;r0if? t"dyÜm,fr&Sd? rrQwwJhRules awG rsm;vGef;vdkYyJ xifygw,f bkef;bkef;/

NyD;awmh vifudk tdrfOD;ewfvdk ½dkaojyKpk&r,fvdkY bk&m; a[mcJhygovm; bkef;bkef;/ t&ifacwfuvdk rdef;rawGu a,musfm;vkyfpmudkyJ xdkifpm;ae&wm r[kwfbJ vifa&mr,m;yg pD;yGm;&Smae&wJh acwfBuD;rSm 'Dpum;u rw&m;bl; xifygw,f/ rdef;rutjyifrSm tvkyf rvkyf&ifawmif tdrfrIudpöawGeJY a,musfm;vkdyJawmfawmf tvkyf½Iyfwmyg/ 'gav;udkyg &Sif;jyay;yg bkef;bkef;/

½dkao*g&0jyKvsuf Huang Mai Hua

---------------------------

pdwfremygeJ Ybmoma&; usrf;pmtcsKdUrSm ]rdef;rwdkYonf bk&m;ausmif;ü wdwfqdwfpGm aeMuap/ olwdkYonf a[majym&aom tcGifh r&SdMu/a,musfm;udk rdef;rzdkY zefqif;onf r[kwf? rdef;rudk a,musfm;zdkYzefqif;\/ ynwfw&m; pD&ifonftwdkif; rdef;rwdkYonf a,musfm;\ tkyfpdk;jcif;udk 0efcHMu&rnf (1 aum? 14;34)}vdkY oifMum;ygw,f/ ]trsKd;orD;awG ynmroif&}qdkwJh bmoma&; Oya'eJYwdkif;jynfudk tkyfcsKyfzdkY vufeufudkif wdkufyGJ0ifaeMuwJh tpGef;a&muf tkyfpkawG taMumif;udkvnf; Mum;zl;rSmaygh? tJ'Dawmh trsKd;orD;awGukd bkef;BuD;0wfcGihf? y&dowfudk w&m;a[m cGihfjyKcJhwJhvGefcJhwJh ESpfaygif; ESpfaxmihfig;&mausmfu Ak'¨ bk&m;&JU apwemudkem;vnfNyD; ]igwdkYu awmfygao;&JU}vdkYyJ ezl;ay: vufuav; wifNyD; ajzvdkufyg ausmif;tra&/ pdwfemw,fqdkwm tukodkvfyg/jcifqDpG Jtravmuudk Munfh&if iSufuav;awG vdyfjymav;awGu tp


a&mifpkHav;awGeJY aysmhaysmif; EGJUaemif;aewmudk awGUEdkifw,f/txD;avmurSmawmh tEÅ&m,fBuKH&if om;i,fudk &if0,fydkufxm;&wJh rdcifawGudk toufpGefYNyD; ckcHumuG,fzdkY awmihfwif;wJh<uufom;eJY cGeftm;AvawG xif&Sm;w,f/ ,Ofaus;rI tpydkif;rSmrdef;rawG tusÐr0wfayr,hf obm0t& jcm;em;vdkY ,aeYacwfrSmtJ'Dvdk rjzpfEdkifawmhbl;/ 'gaMumihf ykHrSef b0aexdkifrIeJY vuf½kH;&nft& ]r}awGudk tm;EGJUol vdkY qdk&if rSefwmyJ/ urÇmhae&mtEHSYuvlrsKd;wdkif;rSm obm0udk tajccHwJh tJ'Dvdk ,lqrI[m jcifqDuwpfqihf t½dk;xd pGJaeMuqJ jzpfygw,f/ 'DtpJGaMumihfyJ usm;eJYrudkjcm;em;pGm ½IjrifaeMuwm jzpfEdkifw,f/bkef;redrf h'gayr,fh usufoa&wdkY bkef;uHwdkYqdkwm usm;rr[l yk*¾Kdvfwdkif;rSm&SdwJh t&nftcsif;yg/ 'Dt&nftcsif;u <uufom;awG um,AvawGeJY rqdkifbl;/ [kwfygw,f .. ]tusifhodu©m? oDvjynhfpkHrI}eJYyJ owfrSwf&wmrsKd;yg/ yd*Fkwå& vkvif[m rdbay;pm;vdkY ½kyfqif;MueftifeJY jynfhpkHNyD; bkef;usufoa&&SdwJh O'krÁ&meJY vuf xyfcJh&ayr,hf twlrtdyf&JwJh twGuf vpfajy;cJhw,f/ pGefYypfcH bkef;orÇm&Sif rdef;ri,fuawmh a0a'[bk&if odrf;ydkufcH&vdkY rdzk&m;jzpfoGm;aMumif;eJY bkef;jrihfoleJY bkef;edrfholwdkYrSm reD;pyfEdkifaMumif;usrf;jrwf(Zm-| 6? 187)rSm qdkw,f/ refvnfq&mawmfu ]o'¨gynm? orÇmrrQ? þavmuü? rdef;r&wem? ,kwfrm a,musfm;?twlxm;vnf; eD;yg;roD? a&ESihfqDodkY (rCa'0? ydk'f-258)}wJh/

bkef;&Sifrem;udk bkef;rJha,musfm; ruyfEdkifbl;qdkawmh ]rdef;rawG[m a,musfm;awGxuf bkef;edrfhw,f} vdkY rl&if; Ak'¨0g'ur,lqbl;vdkY em;vnfyg/ udk,fwdkY £w¬d,awG&JU tcGihfta&;twGuf udk,fwdkYyJ vIyf&Sm;&rSm/ trSefawmh Ak'¨bk&m;om oufawmf xif&Sm;&Sdaeao;&if ]rmwk*grawG a½TouFef; uyfzdkY usKduf

321/ tdrfOD;ewf 1013

od&o®ð*gxm toHxGuf--------------

od&o®ð = oD,-ordef vdkYrzwf&? od&-ordef vdkY zwf/Ak'äoa|m = Ak'-opfaXmarm*¾v †maem = armuf*Hvmaemyk&awm = yl,awm vdkY rzwf&? yk&-awm vdkY zwf/yd#uwå,H = ydwuwf-w,H vdkYzwf?

(Ad'uwf w&H vdkY rzwf&)/yp>dar = yspfqdar vdkY toH rxGuf&?

ypf (cpfudk cspfvdkY rzwfovdk) toHxGuf/pmwk'´dom = pmwkwf-'dom vdkYzwf? (pwk-'Dom vdkY rzwf&)/£E´ma'0g = tdef'g-a'0g (tdef'a'0g vdkY rzwf&)/ojA[®um = oAsH-rum vdkYrzwf&?

o-jAef (bran)-rum vdkY yDatmif zwf/b,Oy'´0g = b&-Oy'f '0g vdkY rzwf&/

b,-Oy'f-'0g vdkYzwf/taeutEÅ&m,myd = tefw,m-,myd vdkY rzwfrdapeJY/0deóEÅK = 0dwfewfoefwk vdkY rzwf&? 0dewfoefwkzwf/taooawm = tao-oawm vdkY rjzwf&/

t-aoo-awm vdkY toHudk jzwf/--------------------

t&Sifbk&m;?

]od&o®ð *gxm}&JU teufESihf toHxGufudk odvdkygonf t&Sifbk&m;/ Skyper Aung

---------------------------

]od&oð® }qdkwmudk ]od&o®ð}eJY tpjyKwJh ygVd*gxmvdkY ,lqygw,f/od&o®ð*gxmudk ½Gwfzwf&if tEÅ&m,f uif;w,f? ab;uif;w,f?tBuHtpnf atmifjrifw,fvdkY ,kHMunfMuygw,f/ 'D*gxmu ygVdawmf t|uxm #Dumusrf;jrwfawGrSm rxif&Sm;bl;/ a&S;q&mjrwfwdkY a&;pDcJhwJh ygVd*gxm jzpfykH&ygw,f/ ]bk&m;&Sdcdk; trsKd;rsKd;rla[mif;} pmtkyfi,frSm azmfjywJh teufudk t"dyÜm,f ay:atmiftenf;i,f wnf;jzwf jyKjyifay;vdkufygw,f/*gxmrl&if;(1) od&o®ð ar Ak'äoa|m? om&dykawåm p 'u©daP/

0grtHao arm*¾v’maem? yk&awm yd#uwå,H/(2) yp>dar rr tmeaE´m? pmwk'´dom cDPmo0g/

orEÅm avmuygvm p? £E´ma'0g ojA[®um/(3) {awoH tmEkbma0e? oaAÁ b,Oy'´0g/

taeutEÅ&m,myd? 0deóEÅK taooawm/*gxmteuf(1) Ak'äoa|m? okw om0u yapöuESihf Ak'ör®m av;Ak'¨gwGifa&mif0g*kPfae oacsFru omvGef xl;uJvSonhf okH;avmuqDrD;]or®morÁK'¨} bk&m;&Sif udk,fawmfjrwfBuD; onf/ ar = rr? Ak'¨*kPf&nf pdwfrSmwnfvsuf ,kHMunfaysmif;ys rmefudkcsí wkyfuGylaZmf bk&m;wynhfawmf\/ od&o®ð? ydwkef;a&mif[ef EIef;aqmifzef

1018 t&Sifauvmo (USA) "r ®tar;tajzrsm; 322/ od&o®ð*gxm

onfh auqHwnf&m jrwf&mxm;wif OD;xdyfjyifü/ wd|wk? ab;'Pf&efrsm; aysmufuG,f &Sm;atmif [efYwm;y,fcg wnfvmwHhvm apmihfa&Smufawmfrlvmygapownf;/

om&dykawåm p? t*¾om0u ÓmPxdyfyef vuf,m&H[k EIdif;wkr&Sd ysHUodxifpGm t&Sifom&dykwå&m rax&fjrwfonfvnf;/ ar= rr? oHCmh*kPf&nf pdwfrSmwnfvsuf ,kHMunfaysmif;ys rmefudkcsí wkyfuGylaZmf bk&m;wynhfawmf\/ 'u©daP? vuf,mnmzufyckH;xufü/ wd|wk? ab;'Pf&efrsm; aysmufuG,f&Sm;atmif [efYwm;y,fcg wnfvmwHhvm apmihfa&Smufawmfrlvmygapownf;/

arm*¾v’maem? vuf0Jawmf&H arm*¾v’ef[k rdk;ysHajrvQKd; wefcdk;pGrf;tif wl,SOfr&Sd rkedt*¾g &[EÅm rax&f jrwfBuD;onf/ ar =rr? oHCmh*kPf&nf pdwfrSmwnfvsuf ,kHMunfaysmif;ys rmefudkcsí wkyfuGylaZmf bk&m;wynhfawmf\/ 0grtHao? vuf0Jb,fzufyckH;xufü/ wd|wk? ab;'Pf&efrsm; aysmufuG,f&Sm;atmif [efYwm;y,fcg wnfvmwHhvm apmihfa&Smufawmfrlvmygapownf;/

yd#uwå,H? okwå0de,m bd"r®m[k okH;jzmrnfrSwf yd#uwfawmfjrwfonf/ ar = rr? "r®*kPf&nf pdwfrSmwnfvsuf ,kHMunfaysmif;ys rmefudkcsí wkyfuGylaZmf bk&m; wynhfawmf\/ yk&awm?ezl;rkc &ifv,f0wGif a&SUwpfcGifü/ wd|wk? ab;'Pf&efrsm;aysmufuG,f &Sm;atmif [efYwm;y,fcg wnfvmwHhvm apmihfa&Smufawmfrlvmygapownf;/

(2) tmeaE´m? {w'*fig;wef bGJUxl;cHonhf tmeefnDawmf rax&fausmfonf/ ar = rr? oHCmh*kPf&nf pdwfrSmwnfvsuf ,kHMunfaysmif;ys rmefudkcsí wkyfuGylaZmf bk&m; wynhfawmf\/yp>dar? aemuf[korkwf vnfukyfvufjyif ausmwpfcGifü/ wd|wk?ab;'Pf&efrsm; aysmufuG,f&Sm;atmif [efYwm;y,fcg wnfvmwHhvm apmihfa&Smufawmfrlvmygapownf;/

cDPmo0g? tmoa0gukef jrLrIefuif;y ywåy#dorÇd'g bdnmajcmufwef *kPfvQHajymifnD; &[EÅmt&Sifaumif; t&SifjrwfBuD;wdkYonf/ ar = rr? t&d,m*kPf&nf pdwfrSm wnfvsuf ,kHMunfaysmif;ys rmefudkcsí wkyfuGylaZmf bk&m; wynhfawmf\/ pmwk'´d-om = pwlok 'domok? ta&SU taemuf awmifajrmuft&yf av;zufñSyfí xyfMuyfruGm t&yfav;rsufESmwdkYü/ wd|EÅK? ab;'Pf&efrsm; aysmufuG,f&Sm;atmif [efYwm;y,fcg wnfvmwHhvmapmihfa&Smufawmf rlvmygapukefownf;/

ojA[®um? bkef;a&mify0if; aomif;wdkufvif;onhf jA[®mrif;BuD;ESifhwuG jzpfMuukefaom/ avmuygvm p? "w&| 0d½lVSESihf0d½lyu© uka0&[k rnf&onm 'domapmihfMuyf ewfrif;jrwfwdkYonf vnf;aumif;/ £E´ma'0g p? ewfwdkYOD;ESdrf 0wðydkifpdk; odMum;ewfrif;rsKd;wdkYonf vnf;aumif;/ ar = rr? ukodkvfawZ EdIif;r&onhf BuD;x*kPf &nfpdwfrSmwnfvsuf cspfMunfo'¨g ig;cE¨mudkig[korkwf tuREkfyf\/ orEÅm? 'domq,f&yf vSnhfywf0J,mxuf0ef;usifaom t&yfrsufESmwdkYü/ wd|EÅK? ab;'Pf &efrsm;aysmufuG,f &Sm;atmif [efYwm;y,fcg wnfvmwHhvm apmihfa&Smufawmfrlvmygapukefownf;/(3) {awoH? þqdkcJhukefNyD;aom bk&m;w&m; oHCmrsm;ESihf odMum;jA[®m ewfrsm;pGmwdkY\/ tmEkbma0e? arwåm&Sdefapmf tmEkabmfaMumihf/ oaAÁ? <uif;rJhOókH tvkH;pkHukefaom/ b,Oy'´0g?ab;trsKd;rsKd; Oyg'ftoG,foG,fwdkYonf vnf;aumif;/ taeutEÅ&,myd? rsm;vSaomif;aomif; tEÅ&m,f taygif;wdkYonf vnf;aumif;/ taooawm? wpdk;wpd t<uif;tusef r&Sdonfjzpfí/0deóEÅK? aejcnfxda&muf qD;ESif;aygufodkY cef;ajcmuf ysufjy,faysmufuG,f uif;a0;Muygapukefownf;/

1016 t&Sifauvmo (USA) "r ®tar;tajzrsm; 322/ od&o®ð*gxm 1017

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bdu©KeD&Sdoihfr&Sdoihf aygif;csKyf ( trSwf 2 ) · 2020. 3. 23. · ykHESdyf&mZ0if 254 N Wickiup Rd, Apache Junction, AZ 85119 Tel: (480)-288-0789 rmwdum pmzwfolxHrSay;pm q-Z "r®tar;tajzrsm;aygif;csKyf(trSwf-2)pum;>ruf