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BAUHAUS

BAUHAUS TO POST MODERNISM

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Bauhaus.JPG

2 BAUHAUS TO POST MODERNISM - BAUHAUS

• The Bauhaus, an innovative German school of art and design was founded in 1919 by Walter Gropius, the school uses a foundations course and workshop experiences to train students in theory and form, materials, and methods of fabrication.

• Buildings are simple, functional, and industrial. Devoid of any applied ornament, they often appear asymmetrical and three dimensional, such that one must experience the building from all sides.

• The Bauhaus taught design in conjunction with modernism. In its Design, spaces took on a quality related to the abstract character of the current painting and sculpture (Cubism and related movements).

• Ornament came solely from the visual effects created by combinations of materials.

• The Goal was to unify art and technology, creating an aesthetic suited to the modern mechanistic world by relating materials, from, and function in an abstract visual vocabulary.

• The Bauhaus was a key influence on architecture, interior design, and industrial design in the 1920s and 1930s.

• The unornamented “ Functional” modern interior with its tubular metal furniture and color palette of black, white, neutrals, and primary colors can be traced to Bauhaus Origins.


• Building Types: schools, offices, and government buildings.

• Architects orient buildings so that they receive the most sun exposure to take advantage of natural light.

• Structures sit on flat plains of grass.

• The most important construction materials include steel, glass, and reinforced concrete, sometimes a brick masonry applied on the face of the concrete.

• Exteriors are plain, simple, and unornamented.

• Windows were fixed in grid patterns.

• Entry doors are often recessed and integrate into the overall building composition.

• Roofs are mainly flat.


BAUHAUS DESSAU

Main Bauhaus school building

the sheer glass wall with no outer support


• The basic structure of the Bauhaus consists of a clear and carefully thought-out system of connecting wings, which correspond to the internal operating system of the school.

• Gropius' extensive facilities for the Bauhaus at Dessau combine teaching, student and faculty members' housing, an auditorium, and office spaces.

• Instead of making the walls the element of support, as in a brick-built house, our new space-saving construction transfers the whole load of the structure to a steel or concrete framework.

School and workshop are connected through a two-story bridge, which spans the approach road from Dessau

• The technical construction of the building is demonstrated by the latest technological development of the time: a skeleton of reinforced concrete with brickwork, mushroom-shaped ceilings on the lower level, and roofs covered with asphalt tile that can be walked upon.


HARVARD GRADUATE CENTER• It was designed by The

Architects’ Collaborative.

• The group of eight buildings arranged round small and large courtyards has a good community feel about it and is humanly scaled.

• The dormitory blocks are constructed in reinforced concrete with exterior walls of buff-colored brick or limestone and the community buildings are in steelwork.

• Block-mass buildings connected by flat-roof canopies.

• No exterior or superficial ornamentation.

Exterior view of the Harvard Graduate center


Exterior view of the Harvard Graduate center - Dormitories

Exterior view of the Harvard Graduate center


Masters’ House by Walter Gropius


Tugendhat House by Mies


• Unornamented and radically different, Bauhaus furnishings suit Bauhaus concepts of the modern home.

• Designs stress simplicity, functionality, excellent construction, and hygienic industrial materials.

• Furniture is lightweight and space saving.

• Standardization of form and interchangeable parts are key design considerations.

• Furnishings are movable to support flexible arrangements.

• Designs, of metal, are simple and functional with no applied ornamentation.

• Steel in tubular components or thin strips or sheets takes precedent over wood.

FURNITURE• There is no vocabulary for motifs because buildings are generally unadorned. • Some works include unique architectural details that are a part of the building structure.

SYMBOLS & MOTIFS

• After 1923, the metals workshop produced many ash trays, tea and coffee services, kettles, dresser sets, and pitchers in brass, bronze, and silver.• Forms are simple and geometric with no applied ornamentation.

DECORATIVE ARTS


Desk by Marcel Bruer

MR Chair by Mies

Wassily Chair by Marcel bruer


Marcel Bruer Nesting Tables

Bauhaus Chair by Marcel Bruer


Bauhaus Bed

Bauhaus Sideboard

Barcelona Table

Bauhaus Table

Bauhaus Coffee Table

Bauhaus Bench


Cantilever Chair

Folding Table, by Gustav Hassenpflug

Arm Chair byCorbusier


Decorative Arts, Metalwork by Brandt

Wall Hangings from Bauhaus

German(Barcelona) Pavilion statue

WALTER GROPIUS

BAUHAUS TO POST MODERNISM

17 BAUHAUS TO POST MODERNISM – WALTER GROPIUS

• Walter Gropius was born in Berlin in 1883. The son of an architect, he studied at the Technical Universities in Munich and Berlin.

• He joined the office of Peter Behrens in 1910 and three years later established a practice with Adolph Meyer.

• Gropius is best known through the influence of the German Design school called the Bauhaus, established under Gropius’s direction at Weimar in 1919.

• After the closing of the Bauhaus in 1932, Gropius’s influence continued through his work in England and subsequently, in the United states, as well as through his leadership of the architectural department at Harvard university from 1937.

• Under Gropius’s direction, Harvard became the first American design school to accept the ideas of the modern movement.

• Gropius created innovative designs that borrowed materials and methods of construction from modern technology. This advocacy of industrialized building carried with it a belief in team work and an acceptance of standardization and prefabrication.

• Using technology as a basis, he transformed building into a science of precise mathematical calculations.


• Bauhaus, at Dessau, Germany, 1919 to 1925.

• Gropius House, at Lincoln, Massachusetts, 1937.

• Harvard Graduate Center, at Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1950.

MAJOR WORKS

GROPIUS HOUSE• Modest in scale, revolutionary in impact.• Combined the traditional elements of New England

architecture — wood, brick, and fieldstone — with innovative materials rarely used in domestic settings at that time — glass block, acoustical plaster, and chrome banisters, along with the latest technology in fixtures.

Glass wall admits light into mudroom and entry hall, yet protects privacy of main entrance.


These eaves protect the southern-facing rear from excessive sunlight. The openings between the eaves and wall promote air circulation.

Upstairs deck, outside Gropius' daughter's room.


Gropius F51 Arm Chair

Gropius D51 Sofa

Gropius F51 Sofa

Newspaper shelf by Gropius

Gropius designed Cups

Documents

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