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Baptist HistoryLesson 24
Revival, Reunion, Expansion
“The Baptists asked it through Washington; the request commended itself to Madison; and to the Baptists, beyond a doubt, belongs the glory of engrafting its best articles on the noblest Constitution ever framed for the government of mankind”
Cathcart, Centennial Offering
Four Periods of ‘Awakening’ Activity
I. The Great Awakening (1730’s-1750’s)
II. The 2nd Great Awakening (1790’s-1830”’s)
III. Prayer Meetings through New Pentecostalism (1857-1910’s)
IV. 1940’s – 1950’s Billy Graham
1300 miles N/S
50 miles width
1,000,000 population
150,000 negro slaves
2nd trip: Oct 31, 1739
“Thus he had come to a position in which not denominational adherence but evangelical soundness was the criterion, and his work had become non-denominational in character”
AD, Vol 1, pg 438
What did Whitefield preach?
1720’s - The Middle Colonies
1730’s – The New England Colonies
1740 – 1750’s – The Southern Colonies
The 1st Great Awakening
EVANGELICAL:•Authority of scripture•Necessity of new birth•Intent to spread the gospel•True conversion worked out in the believer’s life
“God graciously intervened in the affairs of man”
Results of the Great Awakening
1. Conversions2. Increase in churches and church membership3. Increase awareness of the necessity of the new birth4. No tolerance for an unconverted minister5. Building of new evangelical schools:
Princeton
Dartmouth
Rutgers
Brown
6. Calvinism strengthened and preserved in American churches for another hundred years
POSITIVE:
Western Migration
Mass Migration to the Continent
Why did religious fervor fade after the 1st Great Awakening?
The Disruption of the American Revolution
The Rise of English Deism & French Skepticism
The 2nd Great Awakening
East Coast Western Frontier New England
The East Coast
Colleges
Hampton- Sidney College – 1787, students pry for revival
Yale – 1802, Timothy Dwight
Princeton – 1813 Daniel Baker, Pry Mtg 1813 – 1815 40 converted
Harvard, Bowdin, Brown, Dartmouth, Middlebury, Williams, and Andover
Methodism
Frances Asbury
The Frontier
Logan, KY - 1797
Camp Meeting
Cane Ridge, KY - 1801
The Frontier
Logan, KY - 1797
Cane Ridge - 1801
Methodist Circuit Riders
Baptist
Camp Meeting
Presbyterian Split
The Cumberland Presbyterian ChurchThe Christian ChurchThe Church of Disciples
The Circuit Riders went after the frontier people.
Francis Asbury/Peter Cartwright -
Farmer/Sunday Preacher
The Results of the 2nd Great Awakening
The Rise of revivalism – the idea that revivals could be planned.
The American Revolution established a new context for the churches, in whichvoluntary patterns for survival and growth had to be established.
The Democratization of Christianity – Christian organizations based upon theindividual. Away from creeds, confessions. We will see divisions and the riseof denominations and para-church organizations.
The Decline of Calvinism – it will be replaced by Arminian Evangelization
The 2nd Great Awakening will delay the dissent into paganism
Union of Separate and Regular Baptists
Virginia
1776: United Baptists Churches of Virginia
North Carolina
Separates Sandy Creek Association 1758
Regulars Kehukee Association 1765
1775-1800 Period of Unusual Growth
1800: 48 Associations
1775 1 in 264 a Baptist
1800 1 in 53 a Baptist
Why such growth?
1. The granting of religious liberty
2. Missionary activity of pioneer preachers
3. Harmony between democratic spirit among the people and congregational polity of the Baptists
Kentucky 1790 42 churches; 3100 members
Tennessee 1765 first church in Nashville area
1790 18 churches; 900 members
1801 Union of Elkhorn and Separates of South Kentucky
“And that the preaching Christ tasted death for every man shall be no bar to communion” 9th Article
What did Baptists in the South look like?
1. Associational
2. Confessional
Abstracts rather than full confessions
3. Calvinistic Soteriology
4. Committed Congregationalists
5. Evangelistic
John A. Broadus “The American Baptist Minister of 100 years ago”
1. Felt inward call to the ministry
2. Endured hardships
3. Erred about ministerial support
4. Generally favored ministerial education
5. The character of their preaching was eminently Biblical
“it suffices to add that the preachers of that day depended much on the aid of the Holy Spirit to give them liberty in speaking and the hearts of their hearers…And it is a great fundamental truth, to which we must cling, that God will help us in preaching, and himself ‘giveth the increase.’”