BÀI KDQT final

7/29/2019 BI KDQT final

1/57

Li mu

Ngy nay, ton cu ha l khi nim trnn ph bin , n l mt xu hng ni tri vdo trthnh mi trng ca cc cuc cnh tranh gay gt gia cc nc trn phm vi ton

th gii. Th gii ang trong giai on ton cu ha ln tht, s khc bit ni bt nht trong

giai on ton cu ha ny c th hin kha cnh con ngi. Cuc sng ca phn ln dn

chng trn ton cu c gn kt vi nhau trong cng vic, mua bn, du lch, lin lc, gii tr.

Nhng Ging sinh by bn Mnhng c sn xut ra Trung Quc. Chicken tikka, mt

mn n ca Nam tr thnh mt hng cnh tranh vi n nhanh rt c a chung ca

ngi Anh l c v khoai ty chin. Do s xm nhp mnh mvo i sng con ngi tng quc

gia, ton cu ha ang c nhng tc ng su sc n mi trng vn ha ca cc quc gia .

Mt biu hin in hnh ca ton cu ha chnh l kinh doanh quc t. Cc cng ty a

quc gia ngy cng xut hin nhiu v hot ng rng khp, khi s khc bit vmi trng

vn ha c tm nh hng n cng vic kinh doanh quc t. Vic am hiu vvn ha cc quc

gia l cn thit a ra cc quyt nh kinh doanh v chn la u t hp l.

V phn tch nh hng ca ton cu ha n vn ha ca cc nc v s khc bit vn

ha ca hai nc t a ra quyt nh kinh doanh, nhm chng ti quyt nh chn Nga vPhp.L do th nht l Nga v Php l hai quc gia chu u kh ni bt, c nhng nt tng

ng nht nh nhng cng c nhng khc bit r nt vvn ha do s tn ti lu i ca hai

quc gia, to nn tnh cng bng trong phn tch, so snh. Thhai,Nga v Php u c mi quan

h hu ho, lu i v cng Vit Nam tri qua nhiu bin c trong kch scng nh c nhng

chin lc hp tc pht trin lu di. T phn tch, so snh nn vn ha ca hai nc ny s cung

cp nhng im ta t c la chn kinh doanh ph hp.Vic phn tch da trn nhng ti

liu khch quan tuy nhin nhng quyt nh c th mang tnh ch quan do bn cht lnh vc kinh

doanh.

I. TC NG CA TON CU HA N MI TRNG VN HA1. Khi nim ton cu ha


2/57

Ton cu ha l sgia tng mnh m cc mi quan h gn ht, tc ng ph thuc ln

nhau, l qu trnh mrng quy m v cng cc hot ng gia cc khu vc, cc quc gia,

cc dn tc trn phm vi ton cu trong s vn ng pht trin . Ton cu ha l sgia tng dng

chy xuyn bin gii vcon ngi, dch v, vn, thng tin v vn ha.

T gc vn ho, hu ht cc nh nghin cu u nhn mnh vo kinh nghim v

khng gian v thi gian, t , quan h gia ngi vi ngi, gia tnh ton cu v tnh a

phng, gia cuc sng x dch v nim v bn sc, v.v

2. Tc ng ca ton cu ha n vn ha2.1.Tc ng tch cc

S a dng: tip xc vi cc nnvn hovvn minhkhc nhau. u tin, ton

cu ha mang n cho mt quc gia s a dng v vn ha, a dng t nhiu kha cnh: ngnng, ngh thut, kin trc, n c li sng. in hnh nh trong kin trc Nga, kin trc c in

ca Nga l kiu dng cung in hay c nhiu mi vm, m vng hoc sm mu trng, mt s v

d nh nh th ng Kito cu th, thp Menshikov

Tuy nhin, theo thi gian, kin trc Nga cng c nhng bin i nht nh, kin trc

tn c in bt u xut hin nhiu, thuyt chc nng trong kin trc cng du nhp vo, cc cng

trnh dn mang tnh hin i hn, phc v ng chc nng hn, nh th vin MGU, trung tm

trin lm Pavillon..
http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C4%83n_ho%C3%A1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C4%83n_ho%C3%A1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C4%83n_ho%C3%A1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C4%83n_minhhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C4%83n_minhhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C4%83n_minhhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C4%83n_minhhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C4%83n_ho%C3%A1


3/57

Hay nh trong m nhc, Nga ni ting vi cc v Opera, nhc Folk v ma Ballet, ngy

nay ngoi cc th loi truyn thng, m nhc hin i Nga cng ang pht trin mnh m gm c

rock and roll hay rock metal, vi mt s nhm nhc v ca s ni ting nh Mashina Vremani,

Aquarium, AriaMt v d khc, ton cu ha mrng sa dng ca thc phm, sushi Tex-Mex

c thc tiu th ti Php. m thc Php hin c mt khp mi ni trn th gii. Ti thnh

ph New York, phn ln cc nh hng c nh gi cao nht u c cc u bp Php v cung

cp ngun cm hng m thc Php. R hn, n gin hn, cc qun ru Php tr nn ph

bin Hoa K v Anh.

Cc qun c ph theo phong cch Paris xut hin trn cc l ph Moscow hay

St.Petersburg.

S ng nht: i vi cc dn tc qua nh hng ca cc dng chy thng mi

v vn ho mnh.Khi ton cu ha din ra mnh m mt vi gi tr vn ha b ng nht, mt

tch cc ca n l to thc y giao thoa vn ha, mc i u v mu thun do khc bit

v vn ha cng gim nh, giao l u, hp tc trn cc lnh vc khc cng thun li hn. in

hnh nh v ngn ng, vi 131 triu ngi s dng, hin ti ting Php v tr th 9 trong

danh sch nhng ngn ngc s dng rng ri nht th gii. Vn ha Mgia tng s hin

din trong cuc sng ca con ngi Php: n c thnng cao trnh ca ngi php v s hiubit vvn ha M, cch sng, v tr thng nht, do lm gim cc xung t ny sinh t s

hiu lm vn ha.

C iu kin tip thu cc gi tr mi ca nn vn ho thgii. Th gii c hn

200 quc gia v vng lnh th, mi vng lnh th li c nn vn ha ring bit v khng ngng

bin i. Ton cu ha l c hi mt quc gia tip thu cc gi tr mi ca nn vn ha th
http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parishttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscowhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=St.Petersburg&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=St.Petersburg&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscowhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris


4/57

gii, hc hi cng nh tng thm s hiu bit v cc nn vn ha khc nhau, cng c th lm

giu cho vn ha chnh quc. Trong m thc, ngi Nga thng s dng cc sn phm t la m,

la mch en, ng cc, nhng theo thi gian, ngi Nga c th s dng la go cng vi la

m, pha ch nhiu loi thc ung khc tvodka hay i khi dng vang thay th. Ton cu ha

mang li stng tc v thch ng gia cc nn vn ha. Khi xy ra nhng mi quan h, giao

lu vn ha, cc nc c th hc hi v pht trin thng qua tng tc cng cho v nhn.

Nng cao trnh dn tr, cht lng cuc sng. Ton cu ha c th thay i

suy ngh ca con ngi theo hng tch cc, mrng v b sung vn hiu bit ca con ngi, t

tc ng ln nn vn ha to tin pht trin cho cc lnh vc khc, trnh dn tr v cht

lng cuc sng cng s dn c nng cao.

Nga, gio dc rt c coi trng, gio dc i hc Lin X c mt h thng ng

cp th gii ca gio dc i hc, vi bn mi trng i hc v hng trm cc t chc chuyn

ngnh hc thut, khoa hc, chuyn nghip, v k thut . Kinh doanh gio dc, c bit l trong

qun l, ti chnh, v tip th, c pht trin ch tnm 1991, nhng c hn 1.000 trng

o to kinh doanh, bao gm mt scc trng i hc uy tn nht, chng hn nh i hc quc

gia Moscow. Hn 90% dn s hon thnh gio dc trung hc, v khong 12% nhn c

mt nn gio dc cao hn. Chn mi chn phn trm ca dn strng thnh bit ch, v vic

mrng lin kt ca Nga vi th gii cng mang v cho Nga nhng nhn ti. ,

Cn ti Php, mt s hiu bit tt hn vvn ha M c th cng c nim tin v nim t

ho ca Php trong nn vn ha v di sn ca ring v ca h, v cho php mi ngi nhn

mnh s khc bit vn ha, nhng nt c trng, nhng g l nim t ho ca ngi Php

Tng nhanh qu trnh th ha. Ton cu ha to nn mng li lin kt ngy

cng dy c ca mt quc gia, t nhng lin kt , cc quc gia c th h trnhau pht trin

nhng cng c th pht trin do s cnh tranh. Quay li vi kin trc Nga, vic cnh tranh vi

cc nc t bn l ngun gc Nga khi lp cc d n xy nh chc tri tnm 1941, tri quagiai on y bin ng vi s tham gia a cc kin trc s ni ting nh Vladimir Gelfreikh,

Mikhail Posokhin, Lev Runevkt qu ca cc dn l i hc Moscow, hn 405.000 mt

vung nh ( 1949), cc ta nh chc tri trn 500.000 mt vung.

Tip thu vn ha qun tr , giao tip x hi. Sa dng trong vn ha cn th

hin vn ha qun tr v giao tip x hi. Ngi Mc t tng sng kh thc dng do


5/57

phong cch qun tr ch trng hiu qu cng vic, v giao tip x hi cng c nhng quy tc nht

nh nh rt coi trng gigic, nh gi cao mc quan tm n cng vicCn ngi Nga

thng c mc coi trng ci ti c nhn kh cao, do mc qun tr bng mnh lnh cao

hn, giao tip cng c nhng quy tc kht khe hn t mu sc trang phc ti phong cch giao

tip hp l v hiu bit rng v cc vn khoa hc, t nhin l li th. V qu trnh ton cu

ha s to c hi cho vic tip thu cc quy chun , to s hi ha trong qun tr v giao tip,

n din ra sun s v nhp nhng hn.

2.2.Tc ng tiu cc

SMha, phng ty ha thgii: Ton cu ha vn ha dng nh c th

to ra mt sng nht, mt nn vn ha th gii cho mi dn tc. Thnhng, trn thc t qua

nh hng ca cc dng chy thng mi v vn ho ca mt snc pht trin trn th gii,mt sng nht i vi cc dn tc l kh c th thc hin c. Trn thc t, thng tin to ra

chnh kin v v th mt vi tp on truyn thng ln, ch yu l phng Ty c th to ra (lm

gi hoc bp mo) thng tin a n cho con ngi. S c quyn trong lnh vc vn ho v

thng tin ny c xem nh mt s "M ho " hoc phng Ty ha th gii. Ti Php, cc

cuc thm d cho thy mt mi quan tm m ton cu ha s c hnh thc ca M ho: 65%

ngi Php thy nh hng ca M "qu mc" trn truyn hnh Php, 57% vin nh Php,

37% v m nhc Php, 34% vo ngn ng Php, v 34% thc phm Php. Nghch lca ton cu ha th hin s kt hp hai xu th mu thun nhau

trong thgii ng i: Hi nhp v nguyn vng hng vbn sc vn ha x hi ca cc

dn tc, tc ngi.

Mt thc tNga, vo th k XX, khi Nga qu lm dng thuyt chc nng trong kin

trc, gip phn no gii quyt vn nh , nhng to ra cc vn ln khi tao ra cc ta

nh cht lng kin trc thp, tng phn nhiu vi kin trc cin trc . Sau khi Lin X

sp , tnh hnh c ci thin, nhiu nh thb ph hy trong thi Lin X c c xydng li, v qu trnh ny tip tc cng vi s phc hi ca cc ta nh lch s b ph hy trong

chin tranh thgii th II. Tuy nhin phong cch kin trc cin ban u khng cn ph

bin.
http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%B4ng_tinhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=S%E1%BB%B1_%C4%91%E1%BB%99c_quy%E1%BB%81n&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=S%E1%BB%B1_%C4%91%E1%BB%99c_quy%E1%BB%81n&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=S%E1%BB%B1_%C4%91%E1%BB%99c_quy%E1%BB%81n&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=S%E1%BB%B1_%C4%91%E1%BB%99c_quy%E1%BB%81n&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=S%E1%BB%B1_%C4%91%E1%BB%99c_quy%E1%BB%81n&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=S%E1%BB%B1_%C4%91%E1%BB%99c_quy%E1%BB%81n&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=S%E1%BB%B1_%C4%91%E1%BB%99c_quy%E1%BB%81n&action=edit&redlink=1http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=vi&langpair=en%7Cvi&rurl=translate.google.com.vn&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II&usg=ALkJrhjeYBy9rHOXM4kMJsz9rqhC9v5alAhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=vi&langpair=en%7Cvi&rurl=translate.google.com.vn&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II&usg=ALkJrhjeYBy9rHOXM4kMJsz9rqhC9v5alAhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=vi&langpair=en%7Cvi&rurl=translate.google.com.vn&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II&usg=ALkJrhjeYBy9rHOXM4kMJsz9rqhC9v5alAhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=vi&langpair=en%7Cvi&rurl=translate.google.com.vn&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II&usg=ALkJrhjeYBy9rHOXM4kMJsz9rqhC9v5alAhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=vi&langpair=en%7Cvi&rurl=translate.google.com.vn&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II&usg=ALkJrhjeYBy9rHOXM4kMJsz9rqhC9v5alAhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=vi&langpair=en%7Cvi&rurl=translate.google.com.vn&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II&usg=ALkJrhjeYBy9rHOXM4kMJsz9rqhC9v5alAhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=vi&langpair=en%7Cvi&rurl=translate.google.com.vn&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II&usg=ALkJrhjeYBy9rHOXM4kMJsz9rqhC9v5alAhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=vi&langpair=en%7Cvi&rurl=translate.google.com.vn&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II&usg=ALkJrhjeYBy9rHOXM4kMJsz9rqhC9v5alAhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=vi&langpair=en%7Cvi&rurl=translate.google.com.vn&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II&usg=ALkJrhjeYBy9rHOXM4kMJsz9rqhC9v5alAhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=vi&langpair=en%7Cvi&rurl=translate.google.com.vn&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II&usg=ALkJrhjeYBy9rHOXM4kMJsz9rqhC9v5alAhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=S%E1%BB%B1_%C4%91%E1%BB%99c_quy%E1%BB%81n&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%B4ng_tin


6/57

Ton cu ha cng e da vn ha Php, n tng cng vai tr ca ngn ng ting Anh.

Php khng th cnh tranh trong cuc chin ngn ng vi Anh trn lnh vc ton cu ha. Ting

Anh ngy cng c s dng ph bin, trthnh ngn ng chnh ca kinh doanh quc t, ngoi

giao. Khng nhng th ting Anh cn trnn chim u th trong gio dc trung hc Php. Vi

gn 90% hc sinh trung hc Php chn ting Anh l ngn ngnc ngoi u tin ca h.

Ngoi ra, trong tin trnh ton cu ha vn ha, mt thch thc khc cng rt ln

l mi e don tim tng v khnng nh mt bn sc vn ha. Trong qu trnh giao lu v

hi nhp, s yu km, ph thuc v kinh t s bin cc nc ang pht trin d tr thnh ci

bng ca cc nc pht trin. Do nm u th v kinh t, v khoa hc v cng ngh, cc nc

pht trin ng nhin cng chim u th trong vic p t nhng gi trt tng, vn ha, li

sng ca mnh ln nhng nc ngho ang l thuc mnh. S hi nhp vn ha ca cc nc

ngang hng cng c th l nguyn nhn ca vic nh mt bn sc vn ha. Hy cng nhn vo

thc t m thc truyn thng Php ngy nay. Nhng nh hng ca Hoa K v mt snc

khc ang c tc ng ng kn thi quen n ung v khu v ca ngi dn, S ph bin

mnh m ca thc n nhanh r ln Php . Trong khi s lng cc qun bia truyn thng v

qun c ph gim t khong 200.000 nm 1960 n khong 50.000 hin nay, slng doanh

nghip phc v thc n nhanh v mang i tng gp i t 6.500 nm 1993 ln 13.950 vo

nm 1998. Tnh n thng 3 nm 2000, McDonald c gn 800 ca hng Php. Chnh v vy

McDonald c chn lm biu tng cho mi e da ca M vo bn sc vn ha Php - l

mc tiu cho cc cuc biu tnh chng li cc bin php trng pht ca Hoa K v pho mt Php

v cc sn phm khc

Xo trn vn ha: V tr v vai tr ngy cng quan trng ca vn ha bnh dn do

nn dn ch nhn dn mang li cng i hi thi gian hi nhp. Cc bn sc vn ha, cc

khun kh th hin v cc im mc bo ln. Tt cu bin chuyn v theo mi hng. S

mt cn bng vn ha ny cng mnh hn nhng nc ngho, nhng nc ang va phi iu

ha nhng cn lc, va phi bm vo tnh hin i, tuy nhin vn khng vt b truyn thng camnh.

Tng khong cch giu ngho, bt cng x hi: Sphn cch giu ngho cng

c gia tc trong tin trnh ton cu ha vphng din hng th cc loi hnh vn ha. Qua

, dn n vic xut hin nhng thc vn ha khc bit gia cc nhm c dn th. Ngoi

ra, cc thnh ph th khng xut hin trong x hi m khng c t chc nh nc, cc cp


7/57

chnh quyn, m cng vi tin b nhanh ca tin trnh th ha v ton cu ha, nhng

chnh sch, chtrng ca Nh nc cng kh c th bao qut ht mi mt ca i sng x hi

v c t nhiu bt cp i vi nhng thay i vn ha ca thnh ph. c bit l trong qu trnh

xy dng thc vn ha ca c dn th.

T nn x hi: Nhng thay i tiu cc trong vn ha gy nn bi ton cu ha

cn th hin t nn x hi. Nc Nga l mt trong nhng nc c lm sng ti phm cao nht

th gii. Vo nm 2001, 33.500 ngi b git hi. Tng cng, vo nm 2011, c hn 3 triu

ti phm c bo co. T trm cp thng thng ntham nhng,cp v bun lu khin

ln sng ti phm ngy cng tng. Hng gicng l mt vn khc gy au u cho cc nh

chc trch. Chnh phNga c tnh n 90% hng ha bn lu thng u khng r ngun gc r

rng. Cc thit bin t ch yu c nhp khu bt hp php tng Nam cn chi

nhp t Trung Quc. Cn thc phm, thuc, qun o v bng a thng c ngun gc ni a.Thuc givru gikhin ngi tiu dng be da nghim trng nht. Hng nm, hng ngn

ngi Nga b thit mng do ung phi cc cht ha hc cht ngi lm githnh ru vodka.

Thay i li sng theo hng tiu cc: Mt th d tiu biu v ton cu ha tc

ng tiu cc nh th no n li sng ca ngi dn: Nga c gn 21 triu ngi trng thnh

tn thli sng c thn, khng bao gici v, ly chng. H thoi mi vi s la chn ca

mnh m chng hngh n chuyn gia nh. Ngoi ra, quan nim trong mt x hi no th ph

n c cho c bng quyn vi nam gii, cn phi lo s nghip. Chtrong 12 nm, t1992 n2004, dn s Nga gim hn 10 triu ngi v nay vn tip tc gim. Nga ang gia nhp hng

ng nhng nc c t lsinh thp nht th gii. "Li " trthnh cn bnh mn tnh rt

kh cha tr.

Nhng vn trong qu trnh di dn: S di dn cng gy nn nhng tc ng

ng k n nn vn ha, mt nn vn ha s d b xo trn v bin i khi c qu nhiu dn

nhp c vi cc vn ha, phong tc khc nhau. V hn na khi s ha hp khng tt cng s to

nn nhng mu thun kh gii quyt.

Ti Php dn nhp c ngy nay ch yu l chu Phi, phn nh cc m hnh nam-

bc di c. Nhng ngi nhp c thng n t cc quc gia ngho hn v c trnh gio

dcthp. Vn nhp c khng n gin ch l s phn bit i x chngli mu da. Bn cnh

cn rt nhiu vn ny sinh.
http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BB%99i_ph%E1%BA%A1mhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BB%99i_ph%E1%BA%A1mhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BB%99i_ph%E1%BA%A1mhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BB%99i_ph%E1%BA%A1mhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BB%99i_ph%E1%BA%A1mhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tr%E1%BB%99m_c%E1%BA%AFp&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tr%E1%BB%99m_c%E1%BA%AFp&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tr%E1%BB%99m_c%E1%BA%AFp&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tr%E1%BB%99m_c%E1%BA%AFp&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tr%E1%BB%99m_c%E1%BA%AFp&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tham_nh%C5%A9nghttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tham_nh%C5%A9nghttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tham_nh%C5%A9nghttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bphttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bphttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bphttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bu%C3%B4n_l%E1%BA%ADuhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bu%C3%B4n_l%E1%BA%ADuhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bu%C3%B4n_l%E1%BA%ADuhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%C3%B4ng_Nam_%C3%81http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%C3%B4ng_Nam_%C3%81http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%C3%B4ng_Nam_%C3%81http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trung_Qu%E1%BB%91chttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trung_Qu%E1%BB%91chttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trung_Qu%E1%BB%91chttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thu%E1%BB%91c_gi%E1%BA%A3&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thu%E1%BB%91c_gi%E1%BA%A3&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thu%E1%BB%91c_gi%E1%BA%A3&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thu%E1%BB%91c_gi%E1%BA%A3&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thu%E1%BB%91c_gi%E1%BA%A3&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=R%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3u_gi%E1%BA%A3&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=R%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3u_gi%E1%BA%A3&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=R%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3u_gi%E1%BA%A3&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=R%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3u_gi%E1%BA%A3&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=R%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3u_gi%E1%BA%A3&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B3a_h%E1%BB%8Dchttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B3a_h%E1%BB%8Dchttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B3a_h%E1%BB%8Dchttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vodkahttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vodkahttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B3a_h%E1%BB%8Dchttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=R%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3u_gi%E1%BA%A3&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thu%E1%BB%91c_gi%E1%BA%A3&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trung_Qu%E1%BB%91chttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%C3%B4ng_Nam_%C3%81http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bu%C3%B4n_l%E1%BA%ADuhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bphttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tham_nh%C5%A9nghttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tr%E1%BB%99m_c%E1%BA%AFp&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BB%99i_ph%E1%BA%A1m


8/57

- S ly lan ca bnh tt:khi ton cu ha m ra tt yu dn n s gia tng trong dng

chy ca ngi dn nhp c, t dn n s ly lan ca bnh tt.

- Xung t tn giov vn Hi gio Php, s tn ti cann m ch , nhng

ngi nhp c thng b phn bit i xtrong lnh vc gio dc, nh , v cbit l cng

vic, dn n mt mi trng khng lnh mnh nhng ni c ngi nhp c .

- Ti phm ngy cng gia tng,do dn s c ngun gc nhp c, dn n bo lc th

vo ma thu nm 2005.Bn trong v bn ngoi vng ngoi , c bit l trong cc b phn ca

Seine-Saint-Denis, ni s lng ngi c ngun gc t nc ngoi cao hn so vi ca ngibn

x.

Trli vi nc Nga, hin nay, n Nga kim vic l nhng cng dn nc ngoi gn

Nga nh ngi Ukraine, Moldavi, Tadzhik, Belarus, Uzbek Cn di dn lao ng t nhng

nc ngoi xa Nga th khng ng lm, chim khong 15-20% tng s. ng nht l ngi

Tadzhik vi na triu di dn lao ng n Nga. Ginh khng xy ra khng hong th trn tin

trnh chung ton cu ha vi hi nhp lin kt, vn an xen nhng im tch cc v tiu cc, mt

trong nhng vn ni cm trong i sng vn ha th Nga l hnh vi ng x ca cc

cng ng ngi a sc tc y. Bi tnh cht a dng v pha trn ca cu to dn c, lm th

no xy dng mt phong cch sng chung xng danh th Lin bang, da trn c s nt

ring vn c ca mnh t gn ngn nm tui ny v cht lc kt hp thu nhn nhng tinh hoa

vn ha sng bn phng? Bi nhng ngi tni khc n ni chung sng t tung ttc

khng tun theo nhng n np bt thnh vn nhng cn thit th Matxcva?

I. MI TRNG VN HA NGA V PHP1. Mi trng vn ha Php

Vtr:Nc Php ta lc bbin pha ty ca chu u. Vng t thp chim

khong mt na a hnh ca Php. Cn li l i v ni. Knh English nm pha ty v ty bc. Bin a Trung Hi nm pha nam v ng nam. B,

Luxembourg v c l nhng nc lng ging pha bc v ng bc. Thy S

v Italy nm pha ng. Ty Ban Nha pha nam.


9/57

Ngoi ra, Php cn c mt s lnh th hi ngoi ti Nam M, bin Caribe, Bc

M, n Dng, Thi Bnh Dng v chu Nam Cc.

Din tch: 550 000 km2, l t nc ln nht Ty u (chim gn 1/5 din tch ca

Cng ng Chu u) vi mt khu vc lnh hi rng ln (cc khu vc khai thckinh t tri di trong khong 11 triu km2).

Dn s: 64.300.000 ngi.

a hnh:

ng bng: chim 2/3 tng din tch.

Nhng dy ni chnh: dy Alpes (ni c nh ni Mont-Blanc l nh ni cao nht

pha Ty u - 4807 m), dy Pyrnes, Jura, Ardennes, vng Massif central et

Vosges.Bbin: Php shu 5500km bbin nhc 4 mt gip bin ( bin bc, bin

Manche, i ty dng v a trung hi)

Kh hu: ma ng mt mv ma h n ho, nhng dc vng bin a Trung

Hi ma ng n ho v ma h nng; thng c gi mnh, lnh, kh, thi t

pha bc sang ty bc c gi l gi mixtran.

1.1. Ngn ngTing Php hay trc y cn c gi l ting Ty, ting Lang Sa (le franais, la langue

franaise) l mt trong nhng ngn ng quan trng thuc h ng La tinh (nhm Roman h n-

u). Mc d s ngi dng ting Php khng th no so snh vi s ngi dng cc ngn ng

khc nm cng trong nhm, nh ting Ty Ban Nha hoc B o Nha song ting Php l ngn

ng c s dng rng ri trn hn 50 quc gia vi tng s ngi s dng ln ti hng trm

triu ngi. C th hn, ting Php l ngn ng ton cu c 80 triu ngi s dng lm ngn

ng th nht (ting m ) v 190 triu ngi s dng lm ngn ng th hai v 200 triu ngi

s dng nh ngoi ng, vi s ngi s dng 57 quc gia. Phn ln ngi coi ting Php l

ting m sng Php, cn li sng Canada (c bit l Quebec, v mt s t hn Ontario

v New Brunswick). B, Thy S, chu Phi ni ting Php (Cameroon, Gabon, Cte d'Ivoire),


10/57

Luxembourg, Monaco. Phn ln nhng ngi s dng ting Php lm ngn ng th hai sinh

sng chu Phi Php ng. Cng ha Dn ch Congo l quc gia Php ng c dn s ng nht.

C 26% dn s 27 quc gia thnh vin Lin minh chu u (tng s dn l 497.198.740

ngi) s dng ting Php, trong c 65 triu ngi ni nh ting m v 69 triu ngi ninh ngn ng th nh hoc ngoi ng. S lng ngi ni ting Php Lin minh chu u xp

th 3 sau ting c (th nht) v ting Anh (th nh).

Vit Nam, sngi s dng ting Php ngy cng tng do quan h VitPhp ngy

cng c khng nh v su tin ca chnh ph Php i vi cc tng li hc sinh, sinh vin,

tri thc Vit Nam qua cc chng trnh o to i hc v sau i hc. ngy cng c nhiu bn

tr chn ting Php l ngn ng th hai ca mnh, v mun tip cn mi trng Php hc hi,

tm hiu vvn ha, t nc con ngi t nc ny. Nu coi ting Anh l ngn ng cakhoa hc, ting Php s l ngn ng ca vn ha v ngh thut.

1.2. Tn gioPhp l mt nc phi tn gio nhng c nn vn ha Thin Cha gio La M, bng

chng l Php c nhiu nh thln La M hoc Gothic, nh thnh c mt cnhng ni ho

lnh nht. Mi ngi c t do tn gio v mi hnh thc phn bit i x da trn tn ngng

tn gio u b cm.

Mt cuc thm d thng 1 nm 2007 cho thy rng 51% ngi Php m t mnh l

ngi Cng gio v ch c mt na sngi cho bit htin vo Thin Cha, 31% l ngi v

thn , 4% l ngi Hi gio, 3% l ngi Tin Lnh v 1% l ngi Do Thi.

Pht gio cng c bit n l tn gio kh ln ti Php, sau Cng gio, Hi gio v Do

Thi gio. Php c hn 200 trung tm thin Pht gio, bao gm khong 20 trung tm nhp thtkh ln vng nng thn. Nhng tn Pht gio bao gm nhng ngi nhp c Trung Quc v

Vit Nam.

Nhng ngy ngh l c lin quan n tn gio Php:


11/57

Ngy 8 v 9 thng 5: ngy l thng thin

Ngy 20 thng 5: ngy th 2 sau ngy l phc sinh

Ngy 15 thng 8: l c m ln tri

Ngy 1 thng 11: ngy l thnh

Ngy 25 thng 12: l Noel

1.3. Gi trv thi Ngi Php rt t ho vt nc ca h v phng scho t nc l mt cng vic cao

c. c c mt nc Php nh ngy hm nay, ngi Php khng ngng u tranh cho s

ha nhp chkhng ha tan. D i u, h vn lun gi gn bn sc vn ha ca dn tc.

Khng nhng lng t ho dn tc ca ngi Php cao m h cn rt coi trng tnh cng

ng v quyn bnh ng. So vi nhng nc phng Ty khc th quyn dn chPhp b hn

chhn. Nhng ngi nhp c sinh sng ti y phi ha nhp vo nn vn ha ca nc ny,

cng nh khng c hnh thnh nn nhng nhm tn gio khc bit. Ti Php, tn gio l mt

trong nhng vn nhy cm. Php lut nc ny ngn cm vic thu thp s liu, thng tin lin

quan n chng tc, tn gio

Ngi Php thng tt ra cc nguyn tc cho bn thn v nh gi ngi khc da

trn s hiu bit, trnh hc vn. Php, sthng minh v tnh logic c nh gi cao. Nu

h khng thy tnh logic trong mt vn th ngay lp tc h s bc b. Hc khuynh hng coi

trng l thuyt hn l thc tin.

Cuc sng v hnh phc gia nh vi ngi Php quan trng hn cng vic. Chnh v vy

m nhng k nghnc ny thng c ko di t5 n 8 tun. Cng v c nhiu thi

gian dnh cho gia nh hn, a sngi Php nghhu rt sm khi bc sang tui 45.

Ngi Php rt thch tranh lun v hlun theo ui vn n cng. Kt qu ca mt

cuc tranh lun i vi hlun lun c ngi thng, k thua v khng c bt ktrng hp no

l ngoi l. Thay i quan im ca ngi Php hay thuyt phc h khng phi l vic lm d.

Vi h, sng thun khng dg t c.


12/57

Nhiu ngi Php quan nim rng d nng sut lm vic khc nhau nhng nu cng

mt v tr, cp bc nh nhau trong cng ty th tin lng nhn c cng phi nh nhau. Vic ct

gim hay tng lng cho mt c nhn no v bt k l do g skhng c xem l cng bng

i vi nhng ngi gi nhng vtr tng ng cn li.

1.4. Thi quen v ng xNgi Php vn rt xem trng nhng thi quen truyn thng v t ho v dn tc Php.

Trong i sng hng ngy h c nhng thi quen, giao tip c trng v ring bit so vi cc

quc gia khc:

m thc l mt trong nhng im ni bt ca t nc ny. Trong thi quen n ung,

ngi Php c thi quen n ung ti nh v a chung s dng nhng thc phm ti mi. Mcd h thng siu th pht trin rng khp nc Php nhng thi quen mua t nhng ca

hng ring l, ch chuyn bn v mt vi mt hng vn cn kh ph bin v c a chung.

Bn cnh ngi Php cn c c nhng qui nh, cch thc ng x cho vic n ung.

Gia nh ng mt vai tr quan trng trong i sng x hi Php. Do vy thi gian

dnh cho gia nh lun c t ln hng u. Theo thng k th 92 % ngi Php c thi quen

n ung nh. Hn na trong cc dp ngh, ngi Php thng c thi quen du lch theo gia

nh hn l du lch theo c nhn.

Thi quen hn v bt tay mang m du n vn ha Php. Tuy nhin lun c nhng rng

buc c th trong tng trng hp thc hin cc thi quen ny nh s ln hn th ty thuc vo

s khc bit tng vng a l ca Php v ci bt tay th ty thuc vo tnh hung, mi quan h.

Khi cha m t chc tic i khch th trem thng khng tham gia. Qu tng mang n

bn tic c nhiu ngi a thch l mt hp ko, hp bnh quy hay mt s l cc bng hoa.

Mt vn khc trong giao tip ca ngi php l la chn ch trong cc cuc gp

mt. Ngi Php kh kn o v lch s trong giao tip nn nhng chlin quan n c nhn

nh cc vn tin bc v nhng vn cng vic thng khng c trao i trong cc ba

tic. Ngi Php thng c nhng tranh lun tch cc theo hng thng thn chia s kin i


13/57

khi to thnh nhng xung t nhng khi cuc tranh lun kt thc th h nhanh chng ha nh vi

mi ngi.

1.5. Vn ha vt chtPhp c xem l mt trong nhng quc gia c c sh tng phc tp nht trn th gii,

y l lnh vc c chnh phu t rt mnh. Mt h thng nhng cch thc chuyn chkhc

nhau bao trm khp cnc, thng qua khng kh, t, ng st v sng. H thng ng st

tin tin v cng ngh, s dng nhng chuyn tu nhanh nht th gii, c iu hnh bi

French National Railways (SNCF), mt cng ty nh nc ca Php. Tuyn ng st trong nc

di tng cng 31.939 kilmt.

H thng Train Grande Vitesse (TGV) ca Php c ll thng hiu ni ting nht trongs cc h thng ng ray cao tc v n an ton, nhanh v tin li. i vo hot ng tnm

1981, n nay, mng li ny mrng thm nhiu tuyn ti Paris m bo rng mi ngi

dn u c th d dng di chuyn n th. iu gii thch ti sao dch v ny li c th thu

ht 100 triu hnh khch mt nm. Tuyn cao tc quc tn Anh, c, Bang hot ng, v

cc tuyn n Italy v Ty Ban Nha cng ang c xy dng. Mng li ca Php hnh

thnh nn xng sng cho h thng ng cao tc ca c chu u, v v th ny scng c

cng c thm trong nhng nm ti khi nhiu ng ray mi c hon thnh.

C sh tng truyn thng ca Php cng c xp hng cao trong scc nc tin tin.

Ngi Php c mt h thng truyn thng in t rt n tng gi l Minitel, s dng nhng

cng ngh nhm em li s thun tin cho c nhn ngi tiu dng. H c th s dng n t

v my bay, v xe la, v xem phim, mua hng haCc h thng bu chnh, in thoi v

truyn hnh do chnh ph Php shu v qun l.

Tuy th, Php li l mt t nc kh c hu, hon ton trung thnh vi h thng c s

h tng thng tin truyn thng lu i khin quc gia ny kh cn trng khi ng xc tin bt

c mt sthay i c bit no nht l bn trong nc Php. Chnh ph thc hin nhng n

lc c bit v cng khai nhm gim bt sc nh hng ca ting Anh, th ngn ngc s

dng nhiu nht trn Internet ngy nay. Ngnh cng nghip Internet ca Php chu nhiu p lc

t chnh tr v lut lhn l c hay Anh.


14/57

Chm sc sc khe: Php ni ting l mt trong nhng quc gia c h thng y t tt nht

th gii.

C mt h thng chm sc sc khe phn ln c ti trbi chnh ph thng qua mt

h thng bo him y t quc gia. Dch v khm cha bnh trong cc bnh vin bao gicng ccht lng rt cao. Nhvo ch Bo him y t ph cp (CMU), tt c mi ngi u c

hng cc dch v ny. Ch Bo trx hi ca Php cng rt ni ting v cho php ngi

bnh c thc h trthanh ton mt phn chi ph cho cc dch v y tkhi ngi bnh ng

tin bo him, mc thp nht khong 172 Euros.

1.6. Thm m

Ngh thut l mt kha cnh quan trng trong nn vn ha ca Php. Nc Php sn sinhnhiu ngh s, ha s, nh vn, nhc s ni ting trn th gii v mt lch s ngh thut c b

dy hng ngn nm. Trong sut thi Trung c, Php ni bt ln nh l mt trung tm ngh thut

v kin trc ca th gii. Nhng ngh s Php ni ting th gii bao gm Edgar Degas, Francis

Picabi, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Claude Monet... Nh vn ni ting th gii Victor Hugo, tc gi

ca Nhng ngi khn kh v Thng g nh thc b cng l ngi Php. Php cng

l t nc ca hng ngn bo tng, bao gm bo tng ni ting th gii Louvre, bo tng Osray,

bo tng Picasso vi nhng bsu tp s gm nhng tc phm ngh thut v to tc.

Bo tng Louvre


15/57

Kin trc ni bt Php l kiu kin trc Gothic vi c trng l vm ca nhn, mi

nh, ca s ln v nhiu mu c nhiu nh sng bn trong, bn ngoi c thp cao vt, trc

ca li c trang tr bng nhiu ph iu sinh ng. y l kiu kin trc c s dng rng ri

cc nc Ty u vi nhiu cng trnh ni ting. Hng trm lu i, thnh tr, nhng dy nh c

ti Php u mang dng vc bit, tn ti song song cng nhng cng trnh s, tiu biu cho

c nn kin trc hin i ca nhn loi nh thp Eiffel, i l Champs Elysses, bo tng

Louvre, Cung L hi v i hini din ra cc s kin vn ha th gii.

Paris opera house

Php cng c nhng ng gp c ngha cho m nhc v in nh th gii. in nh

Php c c th gii khm phc v s sng to v c o ca n. Lin hoan phim quc tc

t chc hng nm Cannes thu ht nhng nh lm phim trn ton th gii.

Chng ta cng khng th b qua nhng ng gp to ln ca Php i vi ngnh thi

trang, mt ngnh gn vi ci tn nc Php vi nhng g thanh lch, tao nh, c phong cch,

cht lng v xa hoa. Php c nhng ng gp to ln cho s cch tn v thi trang trn th

gii vi nhiu nhn hiu ni ting nh Channel, Gucci, Herms, Louis Vuiton, Yves Saint-

LaurentNgy nay, th Paris ca Php l kinh nh sng v thi trang ca th gii vi

nhiu bui trnh din thi trang quc tc uy tn c t chc hng nm. Ngi Php kh bo

thtrong lnh vc thi trang. H thch qun vi hoc qun jeans mu nn n, chic o gin d v


16/57

i giy kn chn, hn chic o rch kiu moden, qun b thng v dp sandal. i vi ph n,

b ph hp nht l vy: di, ngn, bcompl vy..v.vNgi Php ch trng s thanh lch,

nh nhn, ph hp vi hon cnh ca b trang phc. V vy khi c nhng cuc gp g bn

chuyn kinh doanh vi cc i tc ngi Php, bn nn c bit ch n cch n mc ca

mnh.

1.7. m thcPhp vn c mnh danh l ci ni ca m thc chu u. i vi ngi Php, nu n

l mt ngh thut. Lch sm thc Php chnh thc khi ngun t th k XVI vi mn n c

bn, truyn thng l bnh m baguette pht b. Do t ho v ngh thut ch bin mn n ca

mnh v coi trng ngh thut nu n nn ngi Php t tn cho cc mn c bit bng tn tnh,

thnh ph, a phng, tn cc nh vn, nh th

Nt c bit ca m thc Php l mi mn n c mt loi ru vang ring ph hp. Nc

Php ni ting khp th gii vi nhng loi ru vang v sm banh tuyt ho. Hxem ru vang

l mt loi hnh ngh thut vi qu trnh chng ct c tin hnh mt cch t m, cng phu

cho ra nhng git nng tinh ty nht. Bn cnh ru vang, nc xt cng l mt thnh phn


17/57

ng ch ca phong cch m thc Php. l mt s ha quyn y ngh thut tinh t gia

cc loi tho mc, l thm v tri cy nh qu, ai hng, khoai ty, cam, bi Th hin r

nht s quan tm m thc ca ngi dn Php l vic chn nguyn vt liu. Hu tin vic s

dng thc phm ng ma mn n thm ngon hn v quan trng l m bo cht lng dinh

dng cao nht.

Ru vang vng Bordeaux Php

Khi nhc n mn n Php khng thkhng ni n nhng mn n c xp vo hng

qu tc l: bnh m, ru v gan ngng bo. Bnh m l mn n c bn, truyn thng ca

ngi Php m c th l bnh m baguette. Gan ngng bo cng l mn n khng th b qua nu

nh bn mun nm tri ht nhng tinh ty ca m thc Php. Ngi Php l bc thy v ch bin

mn n ny. Mt s quc gia khc cng c mn gan ngng bo nhng v ngon th khng th tinh

ty bng Foie gras ca Php.


18/57

pate de Foie gras

Do c th vvn ha nn mi vng min ca Php c gu m thc ring. Khu v v

nguyn liu s dng trong ch bin cc vng, min cng khc nhau. Nu nh min Nam, h

thch n cay v s dng nhiu cc loi ru nho v gia v, c bit l ti v hnh th ngimin Bc li chung b, kem v to. Trong khi , ngi min Trung th a thch pho mt, ru

cognac v vang trng. Pha Ty Nam c gan ngng bo v ru Bordeaux. Cn mn n vng

Alsace li dng nhiu tht ln v bp ci. C dn ven bin thch n cc mn ch bin t tm, cua,

mc

1.8. Gio dcH thng gio dc Php c tnh cht dn chv bnh ng. Gio dc ph thng do nh

nc ti trv c p dng cho la tui t 6-16 tui thng qua mt h thng hc ng thuc

B Gio dc Php. Vo u th k 20, tng s hc sinh sinh vin trn ton nc Php t 15

triu ngi, c ngha l gn mt phn t dn s ca nc Php ang i hc. Chi ph cho ngnh

gio dc chim khong 6.6% GDP ca Php (nm 2008), thp hn cc nc Bc u (Thy in,

an Mch), nhng bxa cc nc nh Italia hay Nht Bn. Theo thng k, t l bit c bit

vit trong sngi ln Php l 99.2% mt con s rt n tng, 69.2% dn Php c trnh i

hc v 19.9% c trnh cao hn i hc.

1.9. Vn ha kinh doanh ti PhpLm vicPhp

Trong cc cng ty Php, v tr, th bc trong cc t chc ny c xem trng v c cc

thnh vin trong t chc tun th nghim ngt. Do , vic tun theo trnh t c th v r rngcn c thc hin nghim tc.

X giao v giao tip


19/57

ng x trong kinh doanh ca ngi Php nhn mnh n s lch s v trang trng mt

chng mc no .

Mt trong nhng im s to nn n tng tt i vi ngi Php l i tc ca h c th

s dng ting Php. Tuy ngy nay ting Anh trnn ph bin trong kinh doanh Php nhngvi lng t ho v dn tc v lch s ca ngi h th mt i tc sc xem trng hn nu h

c mt vi kin thc c bn v ting Php.

Ngi Php thng hay i thng vo vn vi nhng cu hi kh l thng thn.

Bn cnh , c nhng thi quen cng nh cch ng x cn lu trong hot ng kinh

doanh Php nh: ging ni trong giao tip khng qua ln, nn thc hin nhng giao tip bng

mt vi i tc, nhng mn qu tng c a thch thng mang tnh ngh thut v tr tunh lnhng b hoa c b v trang tr p mt

Hp hnh

Cc cuc hp nn c hn trc ti thu l hai tun thng qua in thoi, th tn ty

thuc vo chc v v mc quan trng ca i tc. Cc cuc hp sc thng qua cc th

k.

Vn tun th theo ng gi gic qui nh rt c xem trng Php. Ngi Php

thng quan nim v thi gian rt chnh xc. Tuy nhin nu s chm tr pht sinh l khng th

trnh khi v c sthng bo trc th vn c chp thun. Nu mun hon cuc hp th nn

gi in ngay lp tc km theo li gii thch. Cc cuc hp Php thng ch l bn bc vn

khng phi a ra quyt nh.

Thng lng

Cn th hin s lch s v trang trng trong qu trnh thng lng. Nn gi giao tipbng mt.

m phn vi ngi Php l chuyn rt kh khn v kh lng trc c nn thng

c chun b kcng t tc dng v mi khnng u c th xy ra. Nhiu khi kt qu cht

c vo pht cui hay trong lc chuyn ring khi ngh gii lao. Trnh gy nhng tc ng p


20/57

buc hoc gy p lc cho i tc ngi Php. Nhng hnh ng nh vy thng gy phn tc

dng. Ngi Php phn tch rt k cng chi tit cc tha thun bt k thi gian ko di bao

nhiu.

n mc

Php cn c bit n vi ngnh thi trang pht trin vi nhiu thng hiu ni ting

th gii, do vy ngi Php rt xem trng nhng vn v thi trang v lun nh gi cao tnh

hi ha trong phi hp mu sc ca trang phc. c bit trong kinh doanh, trang phc th hin v

tr v a v ca c nhn. Trang phc khng ph hp trong hot dng kinh doanh l nhng mu

sng v nhng trang sc qu lp lnh. Nam nn mc qun o ti mu, dng giao tip trong

nhng cuc gp u tin. Ln mc tip theo ph thuc vo c nhn cng ty ang tin hnh m

phn. Ph ncng nn mc nhng b cng s hoc vy tao nh mu sc nh nhng.

2. Mi trng vn ha Nga Vtr:Nc Nga gip bin gii vi nhng quc gia sau (t ty bc n ng nam): Na

Uy, Phn Lan, Estonia, Latvia, Litva v Ba Lan (c hai u qua Kaliningrad

Oblast), Belarus, Ukraina, Gruzia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Trung Quc, Mng C,

v Bc Triu Tin. Nc ny cng c bin gii bin vi Nht Bn (qua Bin Okhotsk)

v Hoa K(qua Eo bin Bering). Din tch: 17.075.400 km2, l nc c din tch ln nht th gii.

Dn s: 142.000.000 ngi.Nga l nc ng dn th chin trn th gii.

a hnh: Lin bang Nga tri di trn phn pha bc ca lc a u. Phn ln t ai

Nga l cc ng bng rng ln, cchu u v chu , c bit n nh l Siberia.

Cc ng bng ch yu gm tho nguyn v pha nam v rng rm v pha bc, vi cc

tundra (lnh nguyn) dc theo bbin pha Bc. Cc dy ni ch yu nm bin gii

pha nam, chng hn nh Kavkaz v dy ni Altai, cng nh phn pha ng nh dy

Verkhoyansk hoc cc dy ni la Kamchatka. Dy Ural l mt dy ni chy theo hng

bc nam, to ra sphn chia c bn gia chu u v chu .

Nga c ng b bin di trn 37.000 km dc theo Bc Bng Dng v Thi Bnh

Dng cng nh dc theo cc bin trong ni a nh Baltic, bin en v bin Caspi. Mt

s cc phn bin nhhn l cc phn ca i dng nh bin Barrents, Bch Hi, bin
http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A1c_bi%C3%AAn_gi%E1%BB%9Bi_c%E1%BB%A7a_n%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc_Nga&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A1c_bi%C3%AAn_gi%E1%BB%9Bi_c%E1%BB%A7a_n%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc_Nga&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A1c_bi%C3%AAn_gi%E1%BB%9Bi_c%E1%BB%A7a_n%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc_Nga&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Na_Uyhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Na_Uyhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%E1%BA%A7n_Lanhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%E1%BA%A7n_Lanhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%E1%BA%A7n_Lanhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estoniahttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latviahttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litvahttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba_Lanhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliningrad_(t%E1%BB%89nh)http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliningrad_(t%E1%BB%89nh)http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarushttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainahttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruziahttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijanhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstanhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%BB%99ng_ho%C3%A0_Nh%C3%A2n_d%C3%A2n_Trung_Hoahttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%BB%99ng_ho%C3%A0_Nh%C3%A2n_d%C3%A2n_Trung_Hoahttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%BB%99ng_ho%C3%A0_Nh%C3%A2n_d%C3%A2n_Trung_Hoahttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B4ng_C%E1%BB%95http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B4ng_C%E1%BB%95http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B4ng_C%E1%BB%95http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%E1%BA%AFc_Tri%E1%BB%81u_Ti%C3%AAnhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%E1%BA%AFc_Tri%E1%BB%81u_Ti%C3%AAnhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%E1%BA%AFc_Tri%E1%BB%81u_Ti%C3%AAnhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%E1%BA%AFc_Tri%E1%BB%81u_Ti%C3%AAnhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%E1%BA%AFc_Tri%E1%BB%81u_Ti%C3%AAnhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%E1%BA%AFc_Tri%E1%BB%81u_Ti%C3%AAnhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nh%E1%BA%ADt_B%E1%BA%A3nhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nh%E1%BA%ADt_B%E1%BA%A3nhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nh%E1%BA%ADt_B%E1%BA%A3nhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nh%E1%BA%ADt_B%E1%BA%A3nhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nh%E1%BA%ADt_B%E1%BA%A3nhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi%E1%BB%83n_Okhotskhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi%E1%BB%83n_Okhotskhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi%E1%BB%83n_Okhotskhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoa_K%E1%BB%B3http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoa_K%E1%BB%B3http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoa_K%E1%BB%B3http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eo_bi%E1%BB%83n_Beringhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eo_bi%E1%BB%83n_Beringhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eo_bi%E1%BB%83n_Beringhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eo_bi%E1%BB%83n_Beringhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoa_K%E1%BB%B3http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi%E1%BB%83n_Okhotskhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nh%E1%BA%ADt_B%E1%BA%A3nhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%E1%BA%AFc_Tri%E1%BB%81u_Ti%C3%AAnhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B4ng_C%E1%BB%95http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%BB%99ng_ho%C3%A0_Nh%C3%A2n_d%C3%A2n_Trung_Hoahttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstanhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijanhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruziahttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainahttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarushttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliningrad_(t%E1%BB%89nh)http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaliningrad_(t%E1%BB%89nh)http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba_Lanhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litvahttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latviahttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estoniahttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%E1%BA%A7n_Lanhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Na_Uyhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Na_Uyhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A1c_bi%C3%AAn_gi%E1%BB%9Bi_c%E1%BB%A7a_n%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc_Nga&action=edit&redlink=1


21/57

Kara, bin Laptev v bin ng Siberia (thuc Bc Bng Dng ), trong khi cc bin nh

bin Bering, bin Okhotsk v bin Nht Bn thuc vThi Bnh Dng. Cc o chnh

gm Novaya Zemlya, mi Franz-Josef, qun o Tn Siberia, o Wrangel, qun o

Kuni v o Sakhalin.

Kh hu: trn hu khp lnh th ch c hai ma ring bitma ng v ma h, ma

xun v ma thu thng ch l nhng giai on thay i ngn gia thi tit cc thp v

cc cao. Thng lnh nht l thng 1 (thng 2 trn bbin), thng m nht thng vo

thng 7. S chnh lch nhit ln l iu thng thng. Vo ma ng, nhit lnh i

c t pha nam ti pha bc v t pha ty ti pha ng. Ma h c th kh nng v m,

thm ch ti Siberia. Mt phn nh ca bBin en quanh Sochi c kh hu cn nhit

i. Nhng vng ni a l nhng ni kh nht.

2.1. Ngn ng160 nhm sc tc ca Nga s dng khong 100 ngn ng. Theo cuc iu tra dn snm

2002, 142.6 triu ngi ni ting Nga, tip sau l ting Tatarvi 5.3 triu v ting Ukraina vi

1.8 triu. Ting Nga l ngn ng chnh thc duy nht ca nh nc, nhng Hin php trao

chocc nc cng ho ring bit quyn a ngn ng bn a ca mnh trthnh ngn ngng

chnh thc bn cnh ting Nga. D c s phn tn mnh, ting Nga l thun nht trn ton b

nc Nga. Ting Nga l ngn ngc s dng nhiu nht nu tnh theo din tch a l trn lc

a u v cng l ngn ngSlavc s dng nhiu nht. Ting Nga thuc ng hn u

v l mt trong nhng thnh vin cn tn ti ca cc ngn ngng Slav; cc ngn ng khc

gm ting Belarus v ting Ukraina (v c l c ting Rusyn). Nhng v dvn bn s dng ch

ng Slav C(Nga C) c chng minh c t th k th 10 trv sau.

Hn mt phn t tc phm khoa hc ca th gii c xut bn bng ting Nga. Ting

Nga cng c s dng lm cng cm ho v lu trvn minh th gii6070% ca mi

thng tin trn th gii c xut bn bng ting Anh v ting Nga. Ting Nga cng l mt trong

su ngn ng chnh thc ca Lin hip quc.

2.2. Tn gio
http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siberiahttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi%E1%BB%83n_%C4%90enhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi%E1%BB%83n_%C4%90enhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi%E1%BB%83n_%C4%90enhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sochihttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%BA%ADn_nhi%E1%BB%87t_%C4%91%E1%BB%9Bihttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%BA%ADn_nhi%E1%BB%87t_%C4%91%E1%BB%9Bihttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%BA%ADn_nhi%E1%BB%87t_%C4%91%E1%BB%9Bihttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%BA%ADn_nhi%E1%BB%87t_%C4%91%E1%BB%9Bihttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%BA%ADn_nhi%E1%BB%87t_%C4%91%E1%BB%9Bihttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%BA%ADn_nhi%E1%BB%87t_%C4%91%E1%BB%9Bihttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%BA%ADn_nhi%E1%BB%87t_%C4%91%E1%BB%9Bihttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%BA%ADn_nhi%E1%BB%87t_%C4%91%E1%BB%9Bihttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%BA%ADn_nhi%E1%BB%87t_%C4%91%E1%BB%9Bihttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Tatarhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Tatarhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Tatarhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Ukrainahttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Ukrainahttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Ukrainahttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A1c_n%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc_c%E1%BB%99ng_ho%C3%A0_thu%E1%BB%99c_Ngahttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A1c_n%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc_c%E1%BB%99ng_ho%C3%A0_thu%E1%BB%99c_Ngahttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A1c_n%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc_c%E1%BB%99ng_ho%C3%A0_thu%E1%BB%99c_Ngahttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A1c_n%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc_c%E1%BB%99ng_ho%C3%A0_thu%E1%BB%99c_Ngahttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A1c_n%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc_c%E1%BB%99ng_ho%C3%A0_thu%E1%BB%99c_Ngahttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A1c_ng%C3%B4n_ng%E1%BB%AF_Slav%C6%A1&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A1c_ng%C3%B4n_ng%E1%BB%AF_Slav%C6%A1&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A1c_ng%C3%B4n_ng%E1%BB%AF_Slav%C6%A1&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A1c_ng%C3%B4n_ng%E1%BB%AF_Slav%C6%A1&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A1c_ng%C3%B4n_ng%E1%BB%AF_Slav%C6%A1&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A1c_ng%C3%B4n_ng%E1%BB%AF_%E1%BA%A4n-%C3%82u&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A1c_ng%C3%B4n_ng%E1%BB%AF_%E1%BA%A4n-%C3%82u&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A1c_ng%C3%B4n_ng%E1%BB%AF_%E1%BA%A4n-%C3%82u&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A1c_ng%C3%B4n_ng%E1%BB%AF_%E1%BA%A4n-%C3%82u&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A1c_ng%C3%B4n_ng%E1%BB%AF_%E1%BA%A4n-%C3%82u&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A1c_ng%C3%B4n_ng%E1%BB%AF_%E1%BA%A4n-%C3%82u&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A1c_ng%C3%B4n_ng%E1%BB%AF_%E1%BA%A4n-%C3%82u&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A1c_ng%C3%B4n_ng%E1%BB%AF_%C4%90%C3%B4ng_Slav%C6%A1&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A1c_ng%C3%B4n_ng%E1%BB%AF_%C4%90%C3%B4ng_Slav%C6%A1&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A1c_ng%C3%B4n_ng%E1%BB%AF_%C4%90%C3%B4ng_Slav%C6%A1&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A1c_ng%C3%B4n_ng%E1%BB%AF_%C4%90%C3%B4ng_Slav%C6%A1&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A1c_ng%C3%B4n_ng%E1%BB%AF_%C4%90%C3%B4ng_Slav%C6%A1&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Belarushttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Belarushttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Belarushttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Ukrainahttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Ukrainahttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Ukrainahttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Rusyn&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Rusyn&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Rusyn&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ch%E1%BB%AF_%C4%90%C3%B4ng_Slav%C6%A1_C%E1%BB%95&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ch%E1%BB%AF_%C4%90%C3%B4ng_Slav%C6%A1_C%E1%BB%95&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ch%E1%BB%AF_%C4%90%C3%B4ng_Slav%C6%A1_C%E1%BB%95&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ch%E1%BB%AF_%C4%90%C3%B4ng_Slav%C6%A1_C%E1%BB%95&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ch%E1%BB%AF_%C4%90%C3%B4ng_Slav%C6%A1_C%E1%BB%95&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%C3%AAn_hi%E1%BB%87p_qu%E1%BB%91c#C.C3.A1c_ng.C3.B4n_ng.E1.BB.AFhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%C3%AAn_hi%E1%BB%87p_qu%E1%BB%91c#C.C3.A1c_ng.C3.B4n_ng.E1.BB.AFhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%C3%AAn_hi%E1%BB%87p_qu%E1%BB%91c#C.C3.A1c_ng.C3.B4n_ng.E1.BB.AFhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%C3%AAn_hi%E1%BB%87p_qu%E1%BB%91c#C.C3.A1c_ng.C3.B4n_ng.E1.BB.AFhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%C3%AAn_hi%E1%BB%87p_qu%E1%BB%91c#C.C3.A1c_ng.C3.B4n_ng.E1.BB.AFhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%C3%AAn_hi%E1%BB%87p_qu%E1%BB%91chttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%C3%AAn_hi%E1%BB%87p_qu%E1%BB%91chttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%C3%AAn_hi%E1%BB%87p_qu%E1%BB%91chttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%C3%AAn_hi%E1%BB%87p_qu%E1%BB%91chttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%C3%AAn_hi%E1%BB%87p_qu%E1%BB%91chttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%C3%AAn_hi%E1%BB%87p_qu%E1%BB%91chttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%C3%AAn_hi%E1%BB%87p_qu%E1%BB%91c#C.C3.A1c_ng.C3.B4n_ng.E1.BB.AFhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ch%E1%BB%AF_%C4%90%C3%B4ng_Slav%C6%A1_C%E1%BB%95&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ch%E1%BB%AF_%C4%90%C3%B4ng_Slav%C6%A1_C%E1%BB%95&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Rusyn&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Ukrainahttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Belarushttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A1c_ng%C3%B4n_ng%E1%BB%AF_%C4%90%C3%B4ng_Slav%C6%A1&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A1c_ng%C3%B4n_ng%E1%BB%AF_%E1%BA%A4n-%C3%82u&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A1c_ng%C3%B4n_ng%E1%BB%AF_Slav%C6%A1&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A1c_n%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc_c%E1%BB%99ng_ho%C3%A0_thu%E1%BB%99c_Ngahttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Ukrainahttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Tatarhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%BA%ADn_nhi%E1%BB%87t_%C4%91%E1%BB%9Bihttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%BA%ADn_nhi%E1%BB%87t_%C4%91%E1%BB%9Bihttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sochihttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi%E1%BB%83n_%C4%90enhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siberia


22/57

Tn gio ng mt vai tr quan trng trong i sng cng ng v tinh thn ca ngi

Nga hin i. Lin bang Nga c nhiu tn gio. Tn gio chnh l o Thin Cha gio Chnh

thng, ngoi ra cn c Do thi, o Hi, Pht gio...

Mt s nh thng k c tnh sngi theo o chim 40% tng s dn Lin bang Nga.Gn 9000 cng ng Nga thuc v trn 40 tn gio khc nhau chnh thc ng k.

Phn ln tn gio ca Nga ngy nay l o C c gio. t nc ny c trn 5000 nh

thOxthodox, m rt nhiu trong s c sa cha hoc lm mi bng cng qu ca gio

khu hoc a phng.

Nga c 19 triu ngi theo o Hi, cng ng tn gio ln th 2 Nga, c trn 800 gio

khu v n i, phn ln l Bashkortostan, Daghestan, Kabarda-Balkaria, Bc Ossetia,

Tatarstan, Ingushetia v Chechnya.

o Pht c pht trin lan rng cc vng Buryatia, Kalmykia, Tuva v cc khu vc

Irkutsk v Chits. Lin bang Nga hin nay c 10 pht ng vi 200 ngi cha, 10 pht ng

khc ang c xy dng.

Lin bang Nga c 42 cng ng Do Thi. Thnh ph Mt-xc-va c hn 10% dn s l

ngi Do Thi, v c 3 gio ng Do Thi, trong c Gio ng Hasidic.

2.3. Thi v gi trCh ngha tp th (Collectivism):Qua qu trnh lch s ho hng, Nga vn duy tr tinh

thn cng ng mnh m v iu ny ngy nay vn cn c duy tr trong i sng hng ngy

ca ngi dn Nga. iu kin kh hu khc nghit Nga to cho ngi Nga c tinh thn hp

tc, phi hp tn ti hn l cnh tranh ln nhau. Tnh cng tc, tnh tp th ny l mt c tnh

lm nn s khc bit gia ngi Nga vi nhiu ngi phng Ty khc.

Ch ngha qun bnh(Egalitarianism): Mt khi nim quan trng lin quan n mitrng lng x l chngh qun bnh y l mt trit l x hi ng h vic xa b s bt

bnh ng v khuyn khch phn phi u li nhun. c tnh ny trong hot ng kinh doanh

c th hin thng qua chin lc kinh doanh bnh ng, tha hip v i bn cng c li.


23/57

Ngi Nga rt thc v tin vo s ngang bng, mi thng vthng xut pht tquan im

hai bn cng c li v cng chia s li ch ngang nhau.

Ting Nga cng l mt sn phm qu gi ca dn tc h. Con ngi Nga lun lun gi

gn s trong sng ca ngn ng h. Nga tt c t ngngoi u c phin dch hay phin m(nu cha c trong tin) sang ting Nga ht. Khng phi ngi Nga t bit hay km ngoi

ng. Nhiu khi chng ta t hi ti sao h li lm vy, v phin m sang ting Nga nghe rt bun

ci, thm ch c tn cu th bng cng c phin m tng t. Nhng chn gin l v

l lng t ho dn tc.

Ngi Nga cng th hin tnh yu ngn ng ca mnh bng nhiu cch bt buc ngi

lao ng nhp c n Nga phi hc ting nga. Ngi lao ng nc ngoi n Nga lm vic phi

qua kim tra ting Nga.

Ngi lao ng nhp c bit ting Ngas c nhiu thun li trong sinh hot, lm

vic,hi nhpcuc sng Nga; ng thi ngi Nga, cc c quan, t chc Nga cng c iu

kin qun lv gip h tt hn, hn ch c nhng biu hin k th ngi nc ngoi

Nga.

2.4. Thi quen vng xLi sng ca ngi dn Nga ph thuc phn ln vo mc thu nhp ca h. i vi

nhng ngi ngho, cuc sng ch l nhng cng vic cc nhc hng ngy tn ti. Cuc sng

ca nhng ngi giu c hn c phng Ty ho cao , vi nhng sn phm tiu dng

tin nghi v thi gian nh ri tiu khin, c bit l nhng thnh ph ln.

Xem truyn hnh v bng video l mt hnh thc gii tr ph bin ti y. Cc i truyn

hnh ca Nga hin nay c nhng chng trnh theo kiu phng Ty nh nhng cuc biu

din in kinh hay opera nhiu tp. T thi k X Vit, vic c sch cc k ph bin, nhng

loi hnh sch m ngi dn a thch thay i. By ginhng tc phm kinh in ca Nga

nhng ch cho nhng cun tiu thuyt trinh thm, truyn git gn, khoa hc gitng v cc

tiu thuyt lng mn.Nhng mn th thao phng Ty m di thi X Vit khng c khch

l, chng hn nh tenis, ngy nay trnn ni bt, c bit l i vi gii thng lu. Nhng
http://vatgia.com/raovat/3558/tieng-nga.htmlhttp://vatgia.com/raovat/3558/tieng-nga.htmlhttp://vatgia.com/raovat/3558/tieng-nga.htmlhttp://vatgia.com/hoidap/quicksearch.php?keyword=h%E1%BB%99i+nh%E1%BA%ADphttp://vatgia.com/hoidap/quicksearch.php?keyword=h%E1%BB%99i+nh%E1%BA%ADphttp://vatgia.com/hoidap/quicksearch.php?keyword=h%E1%BB%99i+nh%E1%BA%ADphttp://vatgia.com/hoidap/quicksearch.php?keyword=h%E1%BB%99i+nh%E1%BA%ADphttp://vatgia.com/raovat/3558/tieng-nga.html


24/57

mn th thao truyn thng nh nh cv bng th vn thnh hnh. Nhng bui ho nhc do

cc ban nhc phng Ty biu din trnn ph bin Moscow v nhng thnh ph ln khc,

v nhng ban nhc pop ca Nga tranh ua vi loi nhc Ty phng, mc d t c ban nhc no

kt hp c vi nhng yu t truyn thng ca m nhc Nga. Nhiu ngi dn thnh thNga

i ngh cui tun cc dacha (nh ngh mt ma h) min qu. Mt dacha mc trung bnh

ch l mt chic ln c dng ln trn mt khong t nh. Mt s dacha ca nhng ngi giu

c l mt chbao gm nhiu tng vi hbi v nhng tin nghi t tin. Hu ht nhng ngi

ch shu cc dacha u c mt ming vn nh trng cc loi rau tri phc v cho ba n

ca h.

Htn ngi Nga thng c cu thnh t 3 b phn, bao gm: tn ca mnh, tn b v

h. Ph ntrc khi kt hn mang h ca b, sau khi kt hn mang h ca chng, cn tn ca

mnh v ca bkhng thay i. Htn v cch xng h ca ngi Nga tng i phc tp, tu

theo trng hp giao tip khc nhau. Trong cc trng hp mang tnh nghi thc, khi gii thiu

nhng ngi l vi nhau, i vi ngi ln thng dng tn h y , i vi thanh nin

thng chdng tn. Thng thng khi gp nhau, ngi Nga thng bt tay, nhng cn ch

rng khi bt tay th phi tho gng tay. Nu bn l ngi thn lu ngy gp li th thng m

hn, nam gii thng hn tay n chc phc v s thnh cng. Khi tng qu hcng thch mt

ch s, h cho rng hai ch s l khng may mn.

Ngi Nga thng n mi ngy ba ba. Ba im tm thng bao gm bnh kp lm

bng kiu mch, cho c n vi kem chua v pho mt, mc d mt sngi Nga chn bnh

m v ung tr vo bui sng. Ba ti l ba n chnh trong ngy. Thng th ngi ta bt u

vi mn sp ch bin t c ci ng v n vi kem chua. Ba ti cng c th bt u vi mt

mn khai vnh c mui, tht ngui hoc trng c mui. Mn n chnh thng lm t tht b, tht

heo hoc tht g. Ngoi tr, c ph v nc khong l nhng mn nc ung ph bin, v ru

vt ka cng vi bia l nhng thc ung c cn rt ph bin y. Cc nh hng, trc kia ch

vi nhng thc n ti v cht lng phc vkm, nay gia tng v slng v sa dng.

Nhng mn n ca cc nc trn th gii u c phc vnhng thnh ph ln, trong ph

bin nht l cc mn ca Mexico v Trung Quc. Khi i n nh hng, ngi ta thng gi

nhiu mn k tip nhau, v ba n thng chim ht c bui ti. Vic n ung nh hng

thng qu t cho nhng ngi Nga c thu nhp trung bnh.


25/57

2.5. Vn ha vt chtKhoa hc kthut

Cc thnh tu ln nht ca Nga thuc lnh vc cng nghv trv thm him v tr.

Nm 1957 v tinh nhn to u tin bay quanh Tri t,Sputnik 1, c phng ln; nm 1961

ngy 12 thng 4 chuyn bay u tin ca loi ngi vo v tr c Yuri Gagarin thc hin

thnh cng; v nhiu ngi Lin x v Nga khc thc hin k lc thm him v tr. Hin nay

Nga l nc phng v tinh ln nht v cng l nc duy nht cung cp cc dch v du lch v

tr.

Cc cng nghkhc, ni ngi Nga c lch s pht trin, gm cng ngh ht nhn, sn

xut my bay v cng ngh quc phng. Vic xy dngnh my in ht nhn u tin cng cc

l phn ng ht nhn u tin cho tu ngm v tu hot ng trn mt nc nm di s cho

ca Igor Kurchatov. Cc my bay ni ting ca Nga gm my bay ch khch siu m u

tin Tupolev Tu-144 ca Alexei Tupolev, lot my bay chin u MiG ca Artem

Mikoyan v Mikhail Gurevich, v lot my bay Su. Nhng xe tng chin trng ni ting ca

Nga gm T-34, thit k tng tt nht ca Th chin II, v cc xe tng khc thuc lot T-.

Sng AK-47 v AK-74 ca Mikhail Kalashnikov l loi sng tn cng c s dng rng rinht tn th gii - ti mc cc khu sng thuc kiu AK c ch to nhiu hn tt c cc

loi sng tn cng khc cng li. Vi nhng v kh cng vi cc loi v kh khc, t lu Nga

l mt trong nhng nh cung cp v kh hng u, chim khong 30% doanh sv kh th

giiv xut khu v kh ti khong 80 quc gia.
http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B4ng_ngh%E1%BB%87_v%C5%A9_tr%E1%BB%A5&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B4ng_ngh%E1%BB%87_v%C5%A9_tr%E1%BB%A5&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B4ng_ngh%E1%BB%87_v%C5%A9_tr%E1%BB%A5&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B4ng_ngh%E1%BB%87_v%C5%A9_tr%E1%BB%A5&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B4ng_ngh%E1%BB%87_v%C5%A9_tr%E1%BB%A5&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Th%C3%A1m_hi%E1%BB%83m_v%C5%A9_tr%E1%BB%A5&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Th%C3%A1m_hi%E1%BB%83m_v%C5%A9_tr%E1%BB%A5&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Th%C3%A1m_hi%E1%BB%83m_v%C5%A9_tr%E1%BB%A5&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%E1%BB%87_tinh_nh%C3%A2n_t%E1%BA%A1ohttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%E1%BB%87_tinh_nh%C3%A2n_t%E1%BA%A1ohttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%E1%BB%87_tinh_nh%C3%A2n_t%E1%BA%A1ohttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%E1%BB%87_tinh_nh%C3%A2n_t%E1%BA%A1ohttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%E1%BB%87_tinh_nh%C3%A2n_t%E1%BA%A1ohttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sputnik_1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sputnik_1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sputnik_1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ng%C3%A0y_H%C3%A0ng_kh%C3%B4ng_V%C5%A9_tr%E1%BB%A5&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_Gagarinhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bi%E1%BB%83u_th%E1%BB%9Di_gian_th%C3%A1m_hi%E1%BB%83m_v%C5%A9_tr%E1%BB%A5&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bi%E1%BB%83u_th%E1%BB%9Di_gian_th%C3%A1m_hi%E1%BB%83m_v%C5%A9_tr%E1%BB%A5&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bi%E1%BB%83u_th%E1%BB%9Di_gian_th%C3%A1m_hi%E1%BB%83m_v%C5%A9_tr%E1%BB%A5&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bi%E1%BB%83u_th%E1%BB%9Di_gian_th%C3%A1m_hi%E1%BB%83m_v%C5%A9_tr%E1%BB%A5&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bi%E1%BB%83u_th%E1%BB%9Di_gian_th%C3%A1m_hi%E1%BB%83m_v%C5%A9_tr%E1%BB%A5&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bi%E1%BB%83u_th%E1%BB%9Di_gian_th%C3%A1m_hi%E1%BB%83m_v%C5%A9_tr%E1%BB%A5&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bi%E1%BB%83u_th%E1%BB%9Di_gian_th%C3%A1m_hi%E1%BB%83m_v%C5%A9_tr%E1%BB%A5&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Du_l%E1%BB%8Bch_v%C5%A9_tr%E1%BB%A5&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Du_l%E1%BB%8Bch_v%C5%A9_tr%E1%BB%A5&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Du_l%E1%BB%8Bch_v%C5%A9_tr%E1%BB%A5&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Du_l%E1%BB%8Bch_v%C5%A9_tr%E1%BB%A5&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Du_l%E1%BB%8Bch_v%C5%A9_tr%E1%BB%A5&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B4ng_ngh%E1%BB%87_h%E1%BA%A1t_nh%C3%A2n&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B4ng_ngh%E1%BB%87_h%E1%BA%A1t_nh%C3%A2n&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B4ng_ngh%E1%BB%87_h%E1%BA%A1t_nh%C3%A2n&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B4ng_ngh%E1%BB%87_h%E1%BA%A1t_nh%C3%A2n&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B4ng_ngh%E1%BB%87_h%E1%BA%A1t_nh%C3%A2n&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1y_bayhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B4ng_ngh%E1%BB%87_qu%E1%BB%91c_ph%C3%B2ng&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B4ng_ngh%E1%BB%87_qu%E1%BB%91c_ph%C3%B2ng&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B4ng_ngh%E1%BB%87_qu%E1%BB%91c_ph%C3%B2ng&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B4ng_ngh%E1%BB%87_qu%E1%BB%91c_ph%C3%B2ng&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B4ng_ngh%E1%BB%87_qu%E1%BB%91c_ph%C3%B2ng&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nh%C3%A0_m%C3%A1y_%C4%91i%E1%BB%87n_h%E1%BA%A1t_nh%C3%A2nhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nh%C3%A0_m%C3%A1y_%C4%91i%E1%BB%87n_h%E1%BA%A1t_nh%C3%A2nhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nh%C3%A0_m%C3%A1y_%C4%91i%E1%BB%87n_h%E1%BA%A1t_nh%C3%A2nhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nh%C3%A0_m%C3%A1y_%C4%91i%E1%BB%87n_h%E1%BA%A1t_nh%C3%A2nhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nh%C3%A0_m%C3%A1y_%C4%91i%E1%BB%87n_h%E1%BA%A1t_nh%C3%A2nhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B4ng_ngh%E1%BB%87_l%C3%B2_ph%E1%BA%A3n_%E1%BB%A9ng_h%E1%BA%A1t_nh%C3%A2n&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B4ng_ngh%E1%BB%87_l%C3%B2_ph%E1%BA%A3n_%E1%BB%A9ng_h%E1%BA%A1t_nh%C3%A2n&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B4ng_ngh%E1%BB%87_l%C3%B2_ph%E1%BA%A3n_%E1%BB%A9ng_h%E1%BA%A1t_nh%C3%A2n&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B4ng_ngh%E1%BB%87_l%C3%B2_ph%E1%BA%A3n_%E1%BB%A9ng_h%E1%BA%A1t_nh%C3%A2n&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B4ng_ngh%E1%BB%87_l%C3%B2_ph%E1%BA%A3n_%E1%BB%A9ng_h%E1%BA%A1t_nh%C3%A2n&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B4ng_ngh%E1%BB%87_l%C3%B2_ph%E1%BA%A3n_%E1%BB%A9ng_h%E1%BA%A1t_nh%C3%A2n&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B4ng_ngh%E1%BB%87_l%C3%B2_ph%E1%BA%A3n_%E1%BB%A9ng_h%E1%BA%A1t_nh%C3%A2n&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B4ng_ngh%E1%BB%87_l%C3%B2_ph%E1%BA%A3n_%E1%BB%A9ng_h%E1%BA%A1t_nh%C3%A2n&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A0u_ng%E1%BA%A7mhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A0u_ng%E1%BA%A7mhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A0u_ng%E1%BA%A7mhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=T%C3%A0u_bi%E1%BB%83n_d%C3%B9ng_n%C4%83ng_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng_h%E1%BA%A1t_nh%C3%A2n&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=T%C3%A0u_bi%E1%BB%83n_d%C3%B9ng_n%C4%83ng_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng_h%E1%BA%A1t_nh%C3%A2n&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=T%C3%A0u_bi%E1%BB%83n_d%C3%B9ng_n%C4%83ng_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng_h%E1%BA%A1t_nh%C3%A2n&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=T%C3%A0u_bi%E1%BB%83n_d%C3%B9ng_n%C4%83ng_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng_h%E1%BA%A1t_nh%C3%A2n&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=T%C3%A0u_bi%E1%BB%83n_d%C3%B9ng_n%C4%83ng_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng_h%E1%BA%A1t_nh%C3%A2n&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igor_Kurchatovhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Si%C3%AAu_%C3%A2m&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-144http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexei_Tupolevhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1y_bay_chi%E1%BA%BFn_%C4%91%E1%BA%A5uhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1y_bay_chi%E1%BA%BFn_%C4%91%E1%BA%A5uhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1y_bay_chi%E1%BA%BFn_%C4%91%E1%BA%A5uhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/MiGhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artem_Mikoyanhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artem_Mikoyanhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Gurevichhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukhoihttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-34http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BA%BF_chi%E1%BA%BFn_IIhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BA%BF_chi%E1%BA%BFn_IIhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BA%BF_chi%E1%BA%BFn_IIhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BA%BF_chi%E1%BA%BFn_IIhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BA%BF_chi%E1%BA%BFn_IIhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BA%BF_chi%E1%BA%BFn_IIhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/AK-47http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/AK-74http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Kalashnikovhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=S%C3%BAng_t%E1%BA%A5n_c%C3%B4ng&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=S%C3%BAng_t%E1%BA%A5n_c%C3%B4ng&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=S%C3%BAng_t%E1%BA%A5n_c%C3%B4ng&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B4ng_nghi%E1%BB%87p_v%C5%A9_kh%C3%AD&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B4ng_nghi%E1%BB%87p_v%C5%A9_kh%C3%AD&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B4ng_nghi%E1%BB%87p_v%C5%A9_kh%C3%AD&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B4ng_nghi%E1%BB%87p_v%C5%A9_kh%C3%AD&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B4ng_nghi%E1%BB%87p_v%C5%A9_kh%C3%AD&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B4ng_nghi%E1%BB%87p_v%C5%A9_kh%C3%AD&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=S%C3%BAng_t%E1%BA%A5n_c%C3%B4ng&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Kalashnikovhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/AK-74http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/AK-47http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BA%BF_chi%E1%BA%BFn_IIhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-34http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sukhoihttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Gurevichhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artem_Mikoyanhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artem_Mikoyanhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/MiGhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1y_bay_chi%E1%BA%BFn_%C4%91%E1%BA%A5uhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexei_Tupolevhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-144http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Si%C3%AAu_%C3%A2m&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igor_Kurchatovhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=T%C3%A0u_bi%E1%BB%83n_d%C3%B9ng_n%C4%83ng_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng_h%E1%BA%A1t_nh%C3%A2n&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A0u_ng%E1%BA%A7mhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B4ng_ngh%E1%BB%87_l%C3%B2_ph%E1%BA%A3n_%E1%BB%A9ng_h%E1%BA%A1t_nh%C3%A2n&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B4ng_ngh%E1%BB%87_l%C3%B2_ph%E1%BA%A3n_%E1%BB%A9ng_h%E1%BA%A1t_nh%C3%A2n&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nh%C3%A0_m%C3%A1y_%C4%91i%E1%BB%87n_h%E1%BA%A1t_nh%C3%A2nhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B4ng_ngh%E1%BB%87_qu%E1%BB%91c_ph%C3%B2ng&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1y_bayhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B4ng_ngh%E1%BB%87_h%E1%BA%A1t_nh%C3%A2n&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Du_l%E1%BB%8Bch_v%C5%A9_tr%E1%BB%A5&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Du_l%E1%BB%8Bch_v%C5%A9_tr%E1%BB%A5&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bi%E1%BB%83u_th%E1%BB%9Di_gian_th%C3%A1m_hi%E1%BB%83m_v%C5%A9_tr%E1%BB%A5&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_Gagarinhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ng%C3%A0y_H%C3%A0ng_kh%C3%B4ng_V%C5%A9_tr%E1%BB%A5&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sputnik_1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%E1%BB%87_tinh_nh%C3%A2n_t%E1%BA%A1ohttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Th%C3%A1m_hi%E1%BB%83m_v%C5%A9_tr%E1%BB%A5&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B4ng_ngh%E1%BB%87_v%C5%A9_tr%E1%BB%A5&action=edit&redlink=1


26/57

C sh tng

Nga l nc c ngun d tr di do vnng lng. Nga l nc c d trkh t t

nhin ln nht th gii, d tr du mng th 8 th gii, d trthan ng th nh th gii. Nga

l nc dn u th gii v khai thc, sn xut v xut khu kh t t nhin ln nht th gii.

Nga ng th 3 th gii v sn xut in. Ngoi ra, Nga l nc u tin pht trin in

ht nhn phc vdn c. C thni, Nga l cng quc th gii vnng lng.

Tuy nhin, vic cung cp in Nga li kh chp chn. Nga, thng hay din ra cc

v mt in t ngt, in hnh l th Moscow phi n Ging sinh trong m ti vo nm

2010. Nguyn nhn chnh l cc nh my in Nga t thi X vit trnn c k v chnh ph

cha quan tm ng mc ti vic bo tr, nng cp v sa cha.

Giao thng ng st Nga chu s qun l c quyn ca nh nc. Tng chiu di

ng st Nga l 85.000 km, di th hai th gii sau M. Nga cng c 933.000 km ng b

v ng ng dn kh t di th hai th gii sau M.

Nga c 1.216 sn bay, sn bay bn tp np nht l Sheremetyevo, Domodedovo,

and Vnukovo Moscow. Cc phng tin giao thng cng cng ch yu gm xe but, xe but

nhv xe in. By thnh ph gm Moscow, Saint Petersburg, Nizhny Novgorod,Novosibirsk,

Samara, Yekaterinburg v Kazan u c h thng tu in ngm. Ring thnh ph Volgagrad ch thng tu in ngm nh rt c trng. Nga c 465, 4 km ng tu in ngm. H thng tu

in ngm Moscow v Saint Petersburg l c nht nc Nga v cng l mt trong nhng h

thng tu in ngm c nht th gii.

Chm sc sc khe

Hin php Nga m bochm sc y t ph thng, min ph cho mi cng dn. Tuy nhin,

trn thc tchm sc sc kho min ph b gii hn mt phn bi ch propiska. Tuy Nga c

sc sy t, bnh vin v nhn vin y t ln hn hu ht cc quc gia khc khi tnhtheo u

ngi, t khi Lin x sp sc khodn chng Nga suy gim nghim trng v nhng thay

i kinh t, x hi v phong cch sng. thi im nm 2007, tui thtrung bnh ti Nga l

61.5 nm cho nam v 73.9 nm cho n. Tng mc tui th trung bnh ca ngi Nga l 67.7 khi

sinh, km 10.8 nm so vi con s tng th ca c Lin minh chu u. Yu t ln nht dn ti
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheremetyevohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domodedovohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vnukovohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nizhny_Novgorod_Metrohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novosibirsk_Metrohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samara_Metrohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yekaterinburg_Metrohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazan_Metrohttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ch%C4%83m_s%C3%B3c_y_t%E1%BA%BF_ph%E1%BB%95_th%C3%B4ng&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ch%C4%83m_s%C3%B3c_y_t%E1%BA%BF_ph%E1%BB%95_th%C3%B4ng&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ch%C4%83m_s%C3%B3c_y_t%E1%BA%BF_ph%E1%BB%95_th%C3%B4ng&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ch%C4%83m_s%C3%B3c_y_t%E1%BA%BF_ph%E1%BB%95_th%C3%B4ng&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ch%C4%83m_s%C3%B3c_y_t%E1%BA%BF_ph%E1%BB%95_th%C3%B4ng&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Propiska&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Theo_%C4%91%E1%BA%A7u_ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Theo_%C4%91%E1%BA%A7u_ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Theo_%C4%91%E1%BA%A7u_ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Theo_%C4%91%E1%BA%A7u_ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Theo_%C4%91%E1%BA%A7u_ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%C3%AAn_x%C3%B4http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu%E1%BB%95i_th%E1%BB%8Dhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu%E1%BB%95i_th%E1%BB%8Dhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu%E1%BB%95i_th%E1%BB%8Dhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu%E1%BB%95i_th%E1%BB%8Dhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu%E1%BB%95i_th%E1%BB%8Dhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tu%E1%BB%95i_th%E1%BB%8Dhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%C3%AAn_x%C3%B4http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Theo_%C4%91%E1%BA%A7u_ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Theo_%C4%91%E1%BA%A7u_ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Propiska&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ch%C4%83m_s%C3%B3c_y_t%E1%BA%BF_ph%E1%BB%95_th%C3%B4ng&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazan_Metrohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yekaterinburg_Metrohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samara_Metrohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novosibirsk_Metrohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nizhny_Novgorod_Metrohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vnukovohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domodedovohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheremetyevo


27/57

mc tui th kh thp ca nam l t l t cao trong nam gii thuc tng lp lao ng v nhng

nguyn nhn c thngn chn (nh, nhim c ru, stress, tai nn giao thng, ti c bo lc).

T l t trong nam gii Nga tng 60% tnm 1991, cao hn bn ln ca chu u. V c s

khc bit ln gia tui th ca nam v n v bi hiu ng cn li t Th chin II, theo Nga c

s thit hi nhn mng cao hn bt knc no trn th gii, s mt cn bng gii tnh vn cn

li ti ngy ny v c 0.859 trn mt n.

2.6. Thm mHi ha Nga

Hnh tng l nt c trng ca nn hi ha Nga. Hi ha hnh tng Nga c s dng bi c

dn bn x thi Byzantium, thi k mu cho k nguyn bch ha v tranh tng.

Cch mng thng Mi Nga 1917 to ra bc ngot ng ki vi mi mt ca x hiNga. Hi ha ch yu c dng v tranh cng cch mng, tuyn truyn chnh tr. l

trng phi hi ha to dng, c bit pht trin vo cui th k 20 vi nhng gng mt tiu

biu nh: Tatlin, Alexander Rodchenko, Varvara Stepanova v Liubov Popova.

Kin trc Nga: S chi phi mnh m ca yu t tn gio

Gn nh ton b lch s pht trin ca mnh, ngnh kin trc ca nc Nga b chi phi mnh

m bi yu t tn gio. Cc nh thc xy dng hon ton bng vi cc bc tng cao

trn nn mt khng gian khong t (theo li kin trc Hy Lp). Kin trc mi vm ln u tin

xut hin ti Nh thSancta Sophia Novgorod vo th k 17.

Trong nhng nm gn y, nc Nga c bit cao li kin trc dn gian, cc loi gc

dng nhiu trong xy dng lng tm, bo tng...

Ngh thut biu din ca Lin bang Nga c truyn thng lu i v nhiu loi hnh, gm: m

nhc v ma dn gian, m nhc cin, ma ballet, opera, m nhc hin i

m nhc dn gian Nga c nhng nt truyn thng c bit. Nhc c dn tc tiu biu ca Nga

l gusli , balalaika , zhaleika , balalaika contrabass, bayan accordion, Gypsy guitar v
http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BA%BF_chi%E1%BA%BFn_IIhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BA%BF_chi%E1%BA%BFn_IIhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BA%BF_chi%E1%BA%BFn_IIhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BA%BF_chi%E1%BA%BFn_IIhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BA%BF_chi%E1%BA%BFn_IIhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BA%BF_chi%E1%BA%BFn_IIhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Th%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_vong_trong_Th%E1%BA%BF_chi%E1%BA%BFn_II&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Th%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_vong_trong_Th%E1%BA%BF_chi%E1%BA%BFn_II&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Th%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_vong_trong_Th%E1%BA%BF_chi%E1%BA%BFn_II&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Th%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_vong_trong_Th%E1%BA%BF_chi%E1%BA%BFn_II&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Th%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_vong_trong_Th%E1%BA%BF_chi%E1%BA%BFn_II&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Th%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_vong_trong_Th%E1%BA%BF_chi%E1%BA%BFn_II&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Th%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_vong_trong_Th%E1%BA%BF_chi%E1%BA%BFn_II&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Th%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_vong_trong_Th%E1%BA%BF_chi%E1%BA%BFn_II&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Th%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_vong_trong_Th%E1%BA%BF_chi%E1%BA%BFn_II&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Th%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_vong_trong_Th%E1%BA%BF_chi%E1%BA%BFn_II&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=M%E1%BA%A5t_c%C3%A2n_b%E1%BA%B1ng_gi%E1%BB%9Bi_t%C3%ADnh&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=M%E1%BA%A5t_c%C3%A2n_b%E1%BA%B1ng_gi%E1%BB%9Bi_t%C3%ADnh&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=M%E1%BA%A5t_c%C3%A2n_b%E1%BA%B1ng_gi%E1%BB%9Bi_t%C3%ADnh&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=M%E1%BA%A5t_c%C3%A2n_b%E1%BA%B1ng_gi%E1%BB%9Bi_t%C3%ADnh&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=M%E1%BA%A5t_c%C3%A2n_b%E1%BA%B1ng_gi%E1%BB%9Bi_t%C3%ADnh&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=M%E1%BA%A5t_c%C3%A2n_b%E1%BA%B1ng_gi%E1%BB%9Bi_t%C3%ADnh&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=M%E1%BA%A5t_c%C3%A2n_b%E1%BA%B1ng_gi%E1%BB%9Bi_t%C3%ADnh&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=M%E1%BA%A5t_c%C3%A2n_b%E1%BA%B1ng_gi%E1%BB%9Bi_t%C3%ADnh&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Th%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_vong_trong_Th%E1%BA%BF_chi%E1%BA%BFn_II&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Th%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_vong_trong_Th%E1%BA%BF_chi%E1%BA%BFn_II&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BA%BF_chi%E1%BA%BFn_II


28/57

garmoshka.

Cc iu ma dn tc ca Ngacng rt ni ting, trong c nhng iu ma tit tu nhanh,

vui nhn cun ht ngi xem. Cc iu ma dn tc ph bin Nga gm khorovod , barynya,

kamarinskaya , kazachok v chechotka (mt iu nhy tap trong giy libe v vi Bayan.

Tchaikovsky , mt trong nhng nh son nhc v i nht ca thi k lng mn , cc tc phm

ca ng c bit ti khi phn nh tm t con ngi thi i, tnh cm, kht vng di ch

Nga hong. Cc tc phm ca Tchaikovsky ni ting v bit kt hp nhun nhuyn m nhc

Nga vi m nhc chu u, m nhc thnh th, nng thn. m nhc trong tc phm ca ng l

m nhc tr thc tiu t sn.

Nc Nga c coi l cng quc v ngh thut ballet. V nhc n balllet Nga th khng th

khng nhc ti ballet ca nhng vballet - H thin nga ca nh son nhc lng danh

Tchaikovsky. Hthin nga ra i tnm 1877, hn mt trm nm tri qua, cho ti tnngy nay n vn l nim say m ca nhng ai yu thch ngh thut ny. Khng phi v cm

H thin nga li vi thi gian bn bn nh vy. Vballet ny gn vi nhng tn tui i

vo lch s ngh thut ca th gii: nh son nhc Tchaikovsky, cc nh bin o ma Petin,

Ivanov, Grigorovich. Nhng iu quan trng hn c l n bc bch c nhng tm t vn lun

chy bng trong mi con ngi: tnh yu tuyt i, c m cao c, ni tht vng, nhng cm d

ca i thng.

Trng phi Opera Nga ng gp nhng tc phm c gi tr c v ni dung v ngh thut

cho lch s ngh thut ca nhn loi. Opera cin Nga gn lin vi tn tui cc nhc s:

Vertovsky (1799-1862) vi Ngi m Ascoldova; Glinka vi Ivan Susannin, Ruslan v Ludmila;

Tchaikovsky vi Evgeni Onegin, Con m pich...

Cui nhng nm 80 ca th k20, nc Nga tip nhn v bnh hng bi ln sng vn ha

phng Ty, dn ti s xut hin ca nhiu loi hnh vn ha mi. Trong m nhc, cc dng

nhc rock v pop Nga ra i. Nhc rock Nga l s kt hp ca dng nhc rock&roll, dng

nhc Heavy metal v dng nhc truyn thng Nga. Nhm rock ni ting ca Nga bao gm

Mashina Vremeni , Slot , DDT , Aquarium , Alisa , Kino , Nautilus Pompilius , Aria ,

Grazhdanskaya Oborona , Splean v Korol i Shut.

in nh: nn in nh Nga bt u t thi phong kin Nga, pht trin qua thi Lin X v sau

khi Lin X tan r. Nn in nh Nga nhn c s cng nhn quc t. Trong th k21, in


29/57

nh Nga bt u ni ting quc t vi cc phim ginh c sch nh Dom Durakov,

Nochnoi Dozor v c bit l Brat.

Hot hnh Nga: l loi hnh ngh thut ca Nga ni ting th gii. Hu ht cc b phim hot

hnh ca Nga c lm trong thi k Lin X. Tuy nhin, lch s hot hnh Nga li c t rt

sm, t thi k cui ca phong kin Nga.

Nhng nm 1970, khn gi Lin X chng kin sra i ca lot phim hot hnh ni ting

"Nu, Pogodi!" (Hy i y!), ca o din Vyacheslav Kotyonochkin. Hnh nh mt con si

ui bt mt con th trthnh biu tng ca phong cch lm phim hot hnh Xvit trong

th gii phim hot hnh. Cho n ngy nay "Hy i y!" vn c coi l tng i, biu tng

ca nn phim hot hnh Xvit v Lin bang Nga ngy nay.

Vn hc Nga cp ti nn vn hc ca ngi Nga hoc nhng ngi nhp c vo

Nga, c vit bng ting Nga ca cc quc gia c lp khc nhau, trc y hay hin nay, tngl mt phn trong lch s ca nc Nga v Lin X. Thi ktrc th k19, vn hc Nga cha

c bit n nhiu so vi cc nn vn hc ln khc trn th gii, nhng sang th k19, vn

hc Nga tri qua mt thi k vng son, rc r, bt u vi cc kit tc bng th ca ca

Aleksandr Sergeyevich Pushkin, ln n nh cao nhhai nh vn, tiu thuyt gia v i Lev

Nikolayevich Tolstoy v Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky, cng nh nh vit kch hng u th

gii Anton Pavlovich Chekhov. Trong th k20, cc gng mt in hnh ca vn hc Nga

cng l nhng tn tui ln trong nn vn hc ca nhn loi nh Vladimir Vladimirovich

Mayakovsky, Boris Leonidovich Pasternak, Anna Akhmatova, Joseph Brodsky, Vladimir

Vladimirovich Nabokov, Michail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov, Mikhail Afanasievich Bulgakov

v Alexandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn.

2.7. m thcMc d c s ph bin ngy cng gia tng ca cc loi thc n nhanh v cc mn n

nc ngoi, ngi Nga vn trung thnh vi di sn m thc ca h.

Ba mn n c sn ca Nga l trng c hi, bnh m en v salad Nga. Nga ni ting vi

ru Vodka vi nng khng thua km ru Nng hng ca Vit Nam.

Nhng mn n Nga t trng c hi vi bnh m nng, sp c ci v n vi bnh m

en, cun ti mui, ch g Kiev, c kh Atrakhan, sp c ci , bnh cun Leningrad


30/57

Cc mn n chnh thng ch bin t tht, thng l tht b, tht cu, hay tht heo. i

khi nhng mn tht km vi nm, kem chua hay nc st pho mt. Tht cng c dng trong

mn Pelmery, mt dng bnh bao Nga.

Do l mt nc gip bin v h, ngi Nga rt thch n c, c bit l c trch, cng vida chut ri, tht ngui v cc mn trn. C c p mui l mn khai v ph bin, trong khi

c ti, thng l c hi, c tm hay c pecca thng l mn n chnh trong cc nh hng c uy

tn. Bnh kp n vi trng c mui cng l mt mn n ph bin. Trng c mui y rt r v

l i th ca trng c mui en,

2.8. Gio dc

Nga c mt h thng gio dc min ph m bo cho mi cng dn theo hin php, v ct l bit ch99.4%. u vo cao hc c tnh cnh tranh rt cao. Nn gio dc ca nc Nga

c lch shng ngn nm, c truyn thng tt p v c tn nhim quc t rt cao. Gio dc min

ph v bt buc trong 9 nm, t7 n 17 tui. Gio dc c chia thnh ba cp: tiu hc, trung

hc c sv trung hc. Trong hai nm cui hc sinh c hc chuyn ban.

Nc Nga hin c gn 2000 trng i hc, hc vin v cc c cu gio dc khc. Trong cc

trng i hc Nga c hn 3 triu gio vin v nhn vin nghin cu, trong gn 45% gio s

v ph gio s.

H thng gio dc cn bao gm gn 800 c quan nghin cu, phng thit k th nghim v

nhng x nghip do nh trng xy dng. V nc Nga c nn gio dc pht trin cao nn hu

nh tt ccc cng dn Nga u c c hi tip thu nn gio dc ny.

Hin nay c hn 7 triu sinh vin trong v ngoi nc hc theo cc ch, v hng nm khong

1.5 triu sinh vin mi bc vo cc trng Nga. Tng din tch cc trng i hc Nga ti 45triu m2.

2.9. Vn ha kinh doanh ti Nga
http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gi%C3%A1o_d%E1%BB%A5c_mi%E1%BB%85n_ph%C3%AD&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gi%C3%A1o_d%E1%BB%A5c_mi%E1%BB%85n_ph%C3%AD&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gi%C3%A1o_d%E1%BB%A5c_mi%E1%BB%85n_ph%C3%AD&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gi%C3%A1o_d%E1%BB%A5c_mi%E1%BB%85n_ph%C3%AD&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gi%C3%A1o_d%E1%BB%A5c_mi%E1%BB%85n_ph%C3%AD&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hi%E1%BA%BFn_ph%C3%A1p_Nga&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hi%E1%BA%BFn_ph%C3%A1p_Nga&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hi%E1%BA%BFn_ph%C3%A1p_Nga&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi%E1%BA%BFt_ch%E1%BB%AFhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi%E1%BA%BFt_ch%E1%BB%AFhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi%E1%BA%BFt_ch%E1%BB%AFhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi%E1%BA%BFt_ch%E1%BB%AFhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi%E1%BA%BFt_ch%E1%BB%AFhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cao_h%E1%BB%8Dchttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cao_h%E1%BB%8Dchttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cao_h%E1%BB%8Dchttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cao_h%E1%BB%8Dchttp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi%E1%BA%BFt_ch%E1%BB%AFhttp://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hi%E1%BA%BFn_ph%C3%A1p_Nga&action=edit&redlink=1http://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gi%C3%A1o_d%E1%BB%A5c_mi%E1%BB%85n_ph%C3%AD&action=edit&redlink=1


31/57

Lm vicNga

Thc tin lm vic Nga: V gigic lm vic, i vi ngi Nga, bn thn h chm vi pht

khng quan trng nhng ngi Nga lun mong mun i tc ca mnh ng gi. V cch thc

lm vic, fax v email l phng tin giao tip tt nht c a chung, v vn th bu in c

th tht lc.

Cu trc v h thng cp bc trong cc cng ty Nga: Theo cu trc cp bc trong thc tin kinh

doanh Nga, cp trn c quyn quyt nh i vi cp di. Tuy nhin, do vn ha chngha

tp th, ngi Nga thng khuyn khch tinh thn lm vic dn ch v linh hot. Vic th hin

tn trng cp trn v thc r cp bc rt quan trng trong vic xy dng v duy tr quan h

kinh doanh Nga.

X giao v giao tip

Nn bt tay cht khi cho gp mt v tm bit ngi Nga ng thi nhn thng vo mt i tc.

Nn chia s vi cu chuyn thn mt trc khi i vo cng vic, thng l ni vgia nh v cc

vn c nhn.

Nn chun b mt mn qu th hin s pht trin ca cng ty bn v tm quan trng ca

thng v sp ti, thng l vt phm mang c trng ca vng/t nc bn hoc vt phm c

logo ca cng ty bn

ng ngi th hin mt s cm xc, tnh cm.Ngi Nga c cu ngn ng ng vi tr li

m hy vi lng nghe. ng tn dng hay khen thng c nhn no cng khai trc ng

ngi v iu ny c thlm ngi khc nghi nghoc to ra s k. Bn cn lu l Nga,

chngha tp th chi phi cc c nhn.

Quan h cng vic Nga: Quan h c nhn v quan h thn mt l phn trung tm trong

hot ng kinh doanh Nga. S tip xc ti cc bui gp mt trao i cng vic nh n gin l

xit cht tay hay thm ch ci m l biu hin tch cc. Trong trng hp c bt ng, nn trnh

cch x l bng ng chnh thng, cn lu ,

Documents

BÀI KDQT final