APRIL 2020 Webinar, Grønne maritime energisystemer Marine fuel cell power generating unit April 29, 2020 Slide 18 Identification of potential hazards - Multidisciplinary workshops

—APRIL 2020

Webinar, Grønne maritime energisystemerABB Marine & Ports, Fuel CellsJostein Bogen

Core Business in Marine - electric systems, Azipod® propulsion andautomation

April 29, 2020 Slide 2

Azipod® propulsion MV AC and OnboardDC Grid electric systems

Automation Marine Services

Vessel segments

Cruise

Offshore

LNG tankers Passenger Ferries

Core solutions and Innovations

Battery Solutions

Fuel cell solutions

Digital SolutionsBrigde solutions

Ice breaking vessels

Common challenges in the maritime sector


Facing ship operators and builders

Remain compliant: how to meet increasingly strictemissions regulations?

Optimize energy costs: how to most efficientlymatch power loads to power sources?

Integrate multiple power subsystems: how tomanage multiple types and makes of powergenerators and consumers with one simple system?

LNG +energystorage

Fuel celldemonstrator

Zero emission”port call” orport stay

HydrogenPowered ships

Pathway to carbon free shipping


Transitions in FUEL and TECHNOLOGY

Carbon freehydrogen byelectrolysis

Shore chargingShore connection

Onboard steammethane reforming

BATTERYSYSTEMS

FUEL CELLMODULES

(PEM)

CARBON FREESHIPPING

2040

MW scale FUELCELL System (ABB

& BALLARD)

Methanol

Ammonia

Current and future compliant fuels


Fossilfuels

BiofuelsBio Diesel

Bio Methanol

+

+

Bio Methane+

HFO

MGO

LNG

ICE

• LSHFO or Scrubber• SCR• DPF

Haber Process

ElectrofuelsHydrogen

CO2 CaptureAmmonia

Fuel CellDiesel

Methane

Methanol Reformer

LT-PEM

HT-PEMSOFC

CO2Capture

Renewables

Energy SourcesEnergy Sources Energy CarriersEnergy Carriers Energy Converters

Current and future compliant fuels


Hydrogen as Energy Carrier

Fuel Cell Systems...

Fuel Cells are replacing conventional power sources in many sectors

Industry benchmarks

< 3000 FC buses in operation.Rabidly growing segment

Hydrogen Fuel celltrains are in operation

Transportation

Stationary

>10000 FCcars in

operation ~ 20 000 FuelCell forkliftin operation

Telecommunication back uppower 59 MW FC park in Korea

Power Gridback up

200 000household

powered byFC in Japan

Fuel Cells are growing in transport sectors

Fuel Cell Industry Development

Source: www.FuelCellIndustryReview.com

—Technical feasibility of fuel cell systems

Fuel cells operate at high efficiency

and their life cycle cost is getting closer to combustion engines.

Fuel cellAlternative fuels

April 29, 2020 11

Fuel cell types can be divided by fuel, operating temperature, reaction

time or electrolyte material.

THE 3 MOST PROMISING FC TECHNOLOGIES:

• PEMFC for pure hydrogen (Proton exchange membrane fuel cells)

• HT-PEMFC for methanol or diesel

• SOFC for hydrogen of different hydrocarbons (Solid oxide fuel cells)

Emissions depends on used fuel

• Pure hydrogen -> H2O

• Hydrocarbons (diesel, natural gas, methanol...)-> H2O + CO2

• Using hydrocarbons – CO2 about 60-80% from combustion engine

Performance matching well to the operation profile of marine vessels

Efficiency of fuel cells

April 29, 2020 12

• Fuel cells have higher efficiency incomparison to combustion engines

• Favourable operating range for fuel cells isbetween 30% and 80%

• Efficiency of the fuel cells can be improvedby humidification and higher pressure

• Total system efficiency can be improved bywaste heat recovery systems

• Efficiency of fuel cell systems decreasesmoderately towards the end of life

High efficiency at wide operating range

Fuel cell Combustion engine

• Storage capacity ca. 0.5 MWhe / m3

(with PEM fuel cell systems)

• Containerized solutions 1000 kg / 40 ft

• Type 4 composite pressure vessels300 – 700 bar

• Storage capacity ca. 1 MWhe / m3

(with PEM fuel cell systems)

• Cryogenic system -253°C

• Hydrogen output pressure 1.5 – 8 bar

• Midterm solution to allow the use ofhydrogen fuel cell systems withMethanol or LNG

• Flexibility with fuel logistics

• Local CO2 emissions still present,however can be CO2 neutral with bio- orrenewable fuel

Fuel storage options for hydrogen fuel cell systems


Compressed hydrogen storage Liquid hydrogen storage Onboard hydrogen production

Fuel cell system schematic

System structure


Similar system structure ondifferent applications

Standard interfacesbetween the componentsand to the external systems

Scalable for different powerneeds

Scalable building block

LCLfilter

Main SwitchboardAC

HES880

FC cell control

Power & Energy Management System

Vessel automation system (IAS)

Fuel Cell Control System

HES880

AC

DC

Lfilter

Local userinterface

1 ..

n ce

ll st

acks

Remote userinterface

Diagnostics system(RDS)

DC

DCFuel cell stack

X kW

DC

DCL

filterFuel cell stack

X kW

Onboard DC Grid

AC Alternative

DC Alternative

Safety System, ESD F&G

Operational profile of the vessel Fuel cells for base load

Batteries for dynamics and backup

• Energy can be stored at highdensity in hydrogen

• Controlled and stable operationimproves life time of fuel cells

• Fuel cells run continuously athigh efficiency


• Batteries are able to supplyvariable load at fast response

• System can be designed for highinstantaneous power rating

• Backup and cold start can beimplemented with batteries

Integration with batteries


Fuel Cells in Onboard DC Grid Laboratory in Trondheim

- The lab shared with Sintef Ocean in Trondheim is now extended with fuels cells:- Real-life testing of different hybrid power plant configurations- Test various vessel operations, e.g. cruise operations with engines combined with batteries and fuel cells- Develop, validate and optimize control strategies

Hybrid laboratory

ABB fuel cell systems


Small-scale systems <1MW Large-scale systems – 3 MW generation units

Joint development of ABB and Ballard

• Fuel cells and balance of plant integrated into single frame

• Building Block 1 MW

• Modular stand-alone units12 x 3.6 x 2.4 m (length x width xheight), weight with power converters ca. 45 tons

Marinization of heavy-duty FC modules

• Multiple suppliers for PEM fuel cell modules

• Small vessels or uxillary power

• Power converters, control systems and integration by ABB

• Integration with DC grid or AC network

Scalable and compact solutions up to several megawatts

Marine fuel cell power generating unit


Identification of potential hazards

- Multidisciplinary workshops

- Analysis of misuse and failures

- Utilization of previous experience

Instrumentation & safety functions

- Sensors for gas and fire detection

- Independent safety control systems

- Condition monitoring of equipment

Safe design principles

- Elimination of identified risks

- Standards and good practices

- Recommendations from other fields

Approval in principle

- Classification societies involved

- Documentation of the safety concept

- Acceleration of the classification process

Safety engineering as part of the development process

—Fuel cell systems in marine vessels

Technology demonstrators and small-scale systems are delivered today

and high-power solutions are already on the way.

Reference projects


Maritime Fuel Cell Projectby Hydrogenics (2017)

A 100 kW pilot container for U.SCoast Guard

Fuel Cell TechnologyDemonstrator (2017)

100 kW fuel cell installation forRoyal Carribean Cruise Lines

MARANDA (EU H2020)arctic research vessel

A prototype of 165 kW fuel cellsystem onboard a researchvessel

FLAGSHIPS (EU H2020)river pusher vessel

400 kW fuel cell installation ona fully hydrogen poweredvessel for Compagnie Fluvialede Transport (CFT)

Hydrogen Fuel cell technology demonstrators

Fuel cell vessels, not just a vision anymore

Maritime Fuel Cell Projects


MARANDA , 165 kW FC,Operation 2020 Sea Shuttle, Pilot E

ULSTEIN SX190 Zero Emission ShipFC consortium , 2MW FC,Ammonia

CFT Flagship, 400kW FC,Operation 2021

Golden Gate Zero 360kW FC,Operation 2020

Norled, 600kW FCOperation 2021

Havila Kystruten, 3200 KW FCPilot E

Fuel cell vessels, not just a vision anymore

Maritime Fuel Cell Projects


ZEFF, Pilot E Flying Foil, Pilot E

Kawazaki, LH2 Carrier Moss, LH2 Carrier

Sea Shuttle, Pilot E Norled, Flagship

Elekta Tug, 300KW FC e5 – Tug, Tokyo Kisen

Smallriver

vessels

100…200 kWfuel cell

modules

Ferry &River

cruise

1-3 MWgenerating units

Harboroperation oflarge ships

3-5 MWgenerating

units

Marine fuel cell systems – Potential use cases & technical solutions


MARANDA FLAGSHIPS

ABB & SINTEF Oceanhybrid laboratory

MW-scale marine fuel cell unitby ABB and Ballard

Documents

APRIL 2020 Webinar, Grønne maritime energisystemer Marine fuel cell power generating unit April 29, 2020 Slide 18 Identification of potential hazards - Multidisciplinary workshops