Appendices

A Species of Phytoplankton in Lake Taihu

Bacillariophyta

Achnanthes lanceolata Breb.Amphora ovalis Kutz.Asterionella formosa Hass.Attheya zachatiasi Brun.Cocconeis pediculus Ehr.Cocconeis placentula Ehr.Cyclotella bodanica Eul.Cyclotella comta KutzCyclotella meneghiniana Kutz.Cyclotella stelligera Cl. et Grun.Cymatopleura solea (Breb.) W. SmithCymbella affinis KutzCymbella parva (W. Smith) CleveCymbella tumida (Greg.) Cl.Cymbella ventricosa Kutz.Diatoma vulgare BoryEpithemia turgida (Ehr.) Kutz.Epithemia zenra (Ehr.) Kutz.Fragilaria capucina Desm.Fragilaria crotonensis Kitton.Gomphonema acuminatum Ehr.Gomphonema parvulum (Kutz.) Grun.Gyrosigma acuminatum (Kutz.) Rabh.Gyrosigma kutzingii (Grun.) Cl.Melosira granulata (Ehr.)Melosira granulata var. angustissima f. spiralis Hust.Melosira granulata var. angustissima Mull.Melosira islandica Mull.

295

296 Appendices

Melosira varians Ag.Navicula exigua (Greg.) Mull.Navicula placentula (Ehr.) Grun.Navicula rhynchocephala Kutz.Navicula simplex Krassk.Nitzschia recta HantschPinnularia gibba Ehr.Pinnularia viridis (Nitzsch.) Ehr.Rhizosolenia longiseta ZachRhopalodia gibba (Ehr.) O. Mull.Stauroneis anceps Ehr.Stephano discus astraea (Ehr.) Grun.Surirella biseriata Breb.Surirella capronii Breb.Surirella robusta Ehr.Surirella robusta var. splendida (Ehr.) V.H.Synedra acus Kutz.Synedra ulna (Nitzsch.) Ehr.Synedra ulna var. biceps (Kutz.) Schoenf.Tabellaria fenestrata (Lyngb.) Kutz.

Chlorophyta

Acanthosphaera zachariasi Lemm.Actinastrum hantzschii Lag.Ankistrodesmus acicularis (A. Br.) Korsch.Ankistrodesmus falcatus (Cord.) RalfsAsterococcus limneticus G.M. SmithCharacium rostratum Reinsch.Chlamydomonas debaryana Gor.Chlamydomonas ovalis Pasch.Chlamydomonas simplex Pasch.Chlamydomonas snowiae PrintzChlorella pyrenoidosa ChickChlorella vulgaris Beij.Chodatella cilliata (Lag.) Lemm.Chodatella subsalsa Lemm.Cladophora crispata (Roth.) Kutz.Cladophora fracta (Dillw.) Kutz.Closterium kutzingii Breb.Closterium moniliferum (Bory.)Closterium venus Kutz.Closteropsis longissima Lemm.Coelastrum microporum Nag.

Appendices 297

Coelastrum reticulatum (Dang.) Senn.Cosmarium angulosum Breb.Cosmarium anisochondrum Nordst.Cosmarium circulare Reinsch.Cosmarium quadrum Lund.Cosmarium subtumidum Nordst.Crucigenia apiculata (Lemm.) Schm.Crucigenia lauterbornei Schm.Crucigenia quadrata Morr.Crucigenia tetrapedia (Kirch.) W. et G.S. WestDictyosphaerium pulchellum WoodEchinosphaerella limnetica G.M. SmithErrerella bornhemiensis Conr.Eudorina elegans Ehr.Franceia ovalis (Franc.) Lemm.Geminella minor (Nag.) Hansg.Geminella interrupta Turp.Golenkinia paucispina W. et G.S. WestGolenkinia radiata Chod.Gonatozygon monotaenium De BaryGonium formosum Pasch.Gonium sociale (Duj.) Warm.Kirchneriella lunaris (Kirch.) Moeb.Kirchneriella obesa (West) Schm.Micractinium pusillum Fres.Mougeotia parvula Hass.Nephrocytium agardhianum Nag.Oocystis borgei SnowOocystis elliptica W. WestOocystis lacustris Chod.Oocystis parva W. et G.S. WestPandorina morum (Mull) BoryPediastrum biradiatum Mey.Pediastrum boryanum (Turp.) Men.Pediastrum duplex Mey.Pediastrum simolex (Mey.) Lemm.Pediastrum simolex var.duodenarium (Bail.) Rab.Pediastrum tetras (Ehr.) RalfsPlanktosphaeria gelotinosa G.M. SmithPleodorina californica ShawPteromonas angulosa Lemm.Quadrigula chodatii (Tan-Ful.) G.M. SmithScenedesmus arcuatus Lemm.Scenedesmus abundans (Kirch.) Chod.

298 Appendices

Scenedesmus acuminatus (Lag.) Chod.Scenedesmus arcuatus (Chod.) SmithScenedesmus bijuga (Turp.) Lag.Scenedesmus brasiliensis Bohl.Scenedesmus cavinatus (Lemm.) Chod.Scenedesmus denticulatus Lag.Scenedesmus dimorphus (Turp.) Kutz.Scenedesmus javaensis Chod.Scenedesmus obiquus (Turp.) Kutz.Scenedesmus perforatus Lemm.Scenedesmus platydiscus (G.M. Smith) Chod.Scenedesmus quadricauda (Turp.) Breb.Schroederia robusta Korsch.Schroederia setigera Lemm.Schroederia spiralis (Printz.) Korsch.Selenastrum gracile Reinsch.Selenastrum minutum (Nag.) Coll.Selenastrum westii G.M. Smith.Sphaerocystis schroeteri Chod.Sphaerozosma granulatum Roy et Biss.Spirogyra communis (Hass.) Kutz.Spondylosium planum (Woll.) W. et G.S. WestStaurastrum indentatum W. et G.S. WestStaurastrum paradoxum Mey.Staurastrum polymorphum Breb.Tetraedron caudatum (Cord.) Hansg.Tetraedron trigonum (Nag.) Hansg.Tetraedron trilobulatum (Reinsch.) Hansg.Tetraedron tumidulum (Reinsch.) Hansg.Tetrastrum hastiferum (Arn.) Korsch.Tetrastrum staurogeniaeforme (Schr.) Lemm.Ulothrix subtilissima G.S. WestUlothrix tenerrima (Kutz.) Kutz.Volvox aureus Ehr.Volvox globator (L.) Ehr.Westella botryoides (W. West) De Wild.

Chrysophyta

Chromulina ovalis KlebsChrysamoeba radians KlebsDinobryon bavaricum Imh.Dinobryon cylindricum Imh.Dinobryon divergens Imh.Dinobryon sertularia Ehr.

Appendices 299

Mallomonas caudata Iwan.Ochromonas mutabilis KlebsSynura uvella Ehr.

Cryptophyta

Chroomonas acuta Uterm.Cryptomonas erosa Ehr.Cryptomonas ovata Ehr.

Cyanophyta

Anabaena circinalis RabAnabaena flos-aquae (Lyngb.) Breb.Anabaena oscillariodes BoryAnabaena spiroides Kleb.Anabaenopsis arnoldii Aptek.Aphanizomenon flos-aquae (L.) Ralfs.Aphanocapsa elachista W. et G.S. WestAphanocapsa pulchra (Kutz.) RabAphanothece elathrata W. et G.S. WestAphanothece stagnina (Spr.) A. Br.Calothrix stagnalis Gom.Chroococcus limneticus LemmChroococcus minor (Kutz) Nag.Chroococcus minutus (Kutz) Nag.Coelosphaerium aerugineum Lemm.Coelosphaerium dubium Grun.Coelosphaerium kuetzingianum Nag.Dactulococcopsis acicularis Lemm.Dactulococcopsis rhaphidioides Hansg.Gloeocapsa kutzingiana Nag.Gloeocapsa magma (Breb.) Holl.Gloeocapsa punetata Nag.Gloeothece linearis Nag.Gloeotrichia echinulata (G.E. Smith) P. RichterGloeotrichia natans Rab.Gomphosphaeria lacustris Chod.Lyngbya circumcreta G.S. WestLyngbya majuscula HarveyMarssoniella elegans Lemm.Merismopedia convoluta Breb.Merismopedia elegans A.Br.Merismopedia glauca (Ehr.) Nag.Merismopedia minima G. Beck

300 Appendices

Microcystis aeruginosa Kutz.Microcystis flos-aquae Kirch.Microcystis incerta Lemm.Microcystis marginata (Menegh.) Kutz.Microcystis pseudofilamentosa Crow.Microcystis pulverea (Wood) FortiMicrocystis weserbergii LomarekOscillatoria amphibia Ag.Oscillatoria brevis (Kutz.) Gom.Oscillatoria lacustris (Kutz.) Geitler.Oscillatoria limnetica Lemm.Oscillatoria princeps Vauch.Oscillatoria tenuis Ag.Raphidiopsis sinensis JaoRhabdoderma lineare Schm.Rivularia dura Roth.Spirulina major Kutz.Spirulina prunceus W. et G.S. WestSynechococcus parvus Mig.Synechocystis aquatilis Sauv.

Euglenophyta

Colacium vesiculosum Ehr.Euglena acus Ehr.Euglena caudata Hubn.Euglena ehrenbergii Klebs.Euglena oxyuris Schmar.Euglena viridis Ehr.Lepocinclis ovum (Ehr.) Lemm.Phacus cadatus Hubn.Phacus onyx Pochm.Phacus pleuronectes (O.F. Muller: O.F.M.) Duj.Phacus pyrum (Ehr.) Stein.Strombomonas schauinslandii (Lemm.) Defl.Trachelomonas armata (Ehr.) SteinTrachelomonas oblonga Lemm.Trachelomonas volvocina Ehr.

Pyrrophyta

Ceratium hirundinella (O.F. Muller) Schr.Glenodinium gymnodinium Pen.

Appendices 301

Glenodinium pulvisculus (Ehr.) SteinGymnodinium aeruginosum SteinPeridinium bipes SteinPeridinium volzii Lemm.

Xanthophyta

Botryococcus braunii Kutz.Ophiocytium capitatum Woll.Ophiocytium lagerheimii LemmTribonema minus (Will.) Haz.

B Species of Zooplankton in Lake Taihu

Protozoa

Acanthocytis aculeata Hertwing and LesserAskenasia volvox Claparede and LachmannActinosphaerium eichhorni EhrenbergArcella vulgaris EhrenbergCarchesium polypinum LinneCentropyxis aculeata Stein.Curcurbitella sp.Didinium balbianii nanum Kahl.Didinium balbianii Fabre-DomergueDifflugia acuminata EhrenbergDifflugia globulosa Dujardin.Difflugia pyriformis PertyDifflugia urceolata CarterDileptus sp.Epistylis rotans Svec.Epistylis urceolata StillerEuglypha tuberculata DujardinLitonotus lamella SchewiakoffParamecium caudatum Ehre.Phryganella sp.Spathidium spathula Muller-Woodruff et SpencerStentor polymorphus (Muller)Strobilidium gyrans (Stokes)Strobilidium velox Faure-Fr.Strombidium viride Stein.Tetrahymena sp.

302 Appendices

Tintinnopsis sinensis Nie.Tintinnopsis wangi Nie.Tintinnidium entzii Chiang.Tintinnopsis conicus Chiang.Vaginicola sp.Vorticella aequilata Kahl.Vorticella marginata StillerZoothamnium arbuscula Ehrenberg

Rotifera

Anuraeopsis fissa GosseAscomorpha ecaudis PertyAscomorpha saltans BartschAsplancha priodonta GosseAsplanchnopus multiceps SchrankBrachionus angularis GosseBrachionus calyciflorus PallasBrachionus capsuliflorus PallasBrachionus falcatus ZachariasBrachionus forficula WierzejskiBrachionus urceus LinnaeusChromogaster ovalis BergendalCollotheca ambigua HudsonColurella uncinata MullerConochiloides dossuarius HudsonConochilus hippocrepis SchrankConochilus unicornis RousseletDiplois daviesiae GosseDiurella sulcata JenningsEuchlanis dilatata EhrenbergFilinia longiseta EhrenbergGastropus hyptopus EhrenbergHexarthra mira (Hudson)Keratella cochlearis GosseKeratella quadrata O.F. MullerKeratella valga EhrenbergLacinularia flosculosa (O.F. Muller)Lecane luna O.F. MullerLecane ungulata GosseLepadella ovalis MullerMonostyla bulla GosseMonostyla hamata StokesMonostyla lunaris Ehrenberg

Appendices 303

Mytilina ventralis EhrenbergNotommata aurita (Muller)Philodina erythrophthalma EhrenbergPlatyias militaris DadayPloesoma hudsoni ImhofPolyarthra spp.Pompholyx sulcata HudsonRotaria neptunia (Ehrenberg)Rotaria rotatoria (Pallas)Scaridium longicaudum O.F. MullerSchizocerca diversicornis DadaySynchaeta pectinata EhrenbergTestudinella patina (Hermann)Trichocerca cyclindrica ImhofTrichocera gracilis (Tessin)Trichocerca longiseta SchrankTrichocerca pusilla (Lauterborn)Trichocerca ruttus (O.F. Muller)Trichotria tetractis Ehrenberg

Cladocera

Alona guttata SarsAlonella excisa FischerBosmina coregoni BairdBosmina longirostris MullerBosminopsis deitersi RichardCeriodaphnia cornuta SarsChydorus gibbus LilljeborgChydorus ovalis KurzChydorus sphaericus MullerDaphnia longispina (Muller)Daphnia pulex Leydig emend. ScourfieldDiaphanosoma brachyurum (Lieven)Diaphanosoma leuchtenbergianum FischerDiaphanosoma sarsi RishardGrapholeberis testudinaria FischerLeptodora kindtii FockeMacrothrix rosea JurineMoina micrura KurzMoina rectirostris LeydigScapholeberis mucronata MullerSida crystallina (Muller)Simocephalus vetulus Muller

304 Appendices

Copepoda

Acanthocyclops viridis JurineCyclops strenuus FischerCyclops vicinus UljaninEodiaptomus sinensis BurckhardtEucyclops serrulatus FischerEucyclops speratus FischerLimnothora sinensis BurckhardtMesocyclops “leuckarti” ClausMicrocyclops javanus KieferNeodiaptomus schmackeri Poppe et RichardNeutrodiaptomus incongruens PoppeParacyclops fimbriatus FischerSchmackeria forbesi Poppe et RichardSchmackeria inopina BurckhardtSinocalanus dorrii BrehmSinodiaptomus sarsi RylovThermocyclops taihokuensis Harada

C Species of Zoobenthos in Lake Taihu

Arthropoda

Asellus nipponensis NicholsCaridina nilotica gracilipes de ManChironomus spp.Eriocheir sinensis H. Milne-EdwardsGammarus sp.Macrobrachium asperulum (Von Marlens)Macrobrachium nipponensis (De Haan)Macrobrachium superbum (Heller)Neocaridina denticulata (Kemp)Neorhynchoplax intronersus (Kemp)Palaemon modestus (Heller)Palamoretes sinensis SollaudTachaea chinensis ThielemanTanypus sp.

Hirudinea

Glossiphonia complanata (Linne)Hemiclepsis kasimiana Oka

Appendices 305

Hirudo nippinia (Whitm.)Witmania pigra (Whitm.)

Mollusca

Alocinma longicornis (Benson)Angulagia polyzenata (Fraueufeld)Anodonta woodiana (Lea)Anodonta woodiana elliptica (Heude)Anodonta woodiana pacifica (Heude)Aronaia lanceolata (Lea)Bellamya aeruginosa (Reeve)Bellamya purificata (Heude)Bellamya quadrata (Benson)Bithynia fuchsiana (Moellendorff)Cipangopaludina cathayensis (Heude)Cipangopaludina chinensis (Gray)Corbicula fluminea (Muller)Cristaria plicata (Leach)Gyraulus convexiusculus (Hutton)Hippeutis cantori (Benson)Hippeutis umbillcalis (Benson)Hyriopsis cumingii (Lea)Lamprotula caveata (Heude)Lamprotula leai (Gray)Lancecolaria giodiola (Heude)Lancecolaria grayana (Lea)Limnoprena lacustris (Martens)Novaculina chinensis Liu et ZhangPalypylis hemispherula (Benson)Parafossarulos sinensis (Neumayr)Parafossarulos strialulus (Benson)Radix aurieularia (Linnaeus)Radix swinhoei (H. Adams)Schistodesmus lampreyanus (Baird et Adams)Semisulcospira cacellata (Benson)Sphaerium lacustre (Muller)Stenothyra glolbra (A. Adams)Unio donglasiae (Gray)

Oligochaeta

Aulodrilus prochecatus (Chen)Branchiodrilus hortensis (Stephenson)

306 Appendices

Branchiura sowerbyi BeddardDero digitata (O.F. Muller)Limnodrilus hoffmeistei ClaperedeLumbriculus variegatum (O.F. Muller)Slavina appendiculata (Udekem)Stylaria fossularis (Leidy)

Polychaeta

Nephthys oligobranchia Southern

D Fish Species in Lake Taihu

*, **, present species (from 2000 to now); **, newly recorded species

Acipenseridae

Acipenser sinensis Cray

Anabantidae

*Macropodus chinensis (Bloch)

Anguillidae

Anguilla japonica Temninck et Schlegel

Bagridae

*Pseudobagrus fulvidraco (Richardson)Leiocassis L. adiposalis (Qshima)Leiocassis L. albomarginatus RendhalLeiocassis L. taeniatus (Gunther)Leiocassis longirostris GuntherLeiocassis ussuriensis (Dybowski)Pseudobagrus eupogon BoulengerPseudobagrus nitidus Sauvoge et Dabry

Appendices 307

Catostomidae

Myxocyprixus asiaticus (Bleeker)

Clupeidae

Macrura reetesii (Richardon)

Cobitidae

**Paramisgurnus dabryamus salvage**Pararhychobdella sinensis (Bleeker)*Cobitis laenia Linnaeus*Misgurnus anguillicau datus (Cantor)Botia wui TchangBotia xeaiithi (Gunther)Misgurnus mizolepis Gunther

Cynoglossidae

Cynoglossus gracilis GuntherCynoglossus purpureomaculatus ReganCynoglossus trigrammus Gunther

Cyprinidae

**Acheilognathus macropterus (Bleeker)**Pseudobrama simoni (Bleeker)**Squalidus noteas (Gunther)*Abbottina rivularis (Basilewsky)*Acanthorhodeus barbatutus Gunther*Acanthorhodeus macropterus Bleeker*Acanthorhodeus tonkinensis Vaillant*Carassius auratus (Linnaeus)*Ctenopharyngodon idellus (Cuvier et Valenciennes)*Culter erythropterus Basilewsky*Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus)*Elopichthys bambusa (Richardson)*Erythroculter ilishaeformis (Bleeker)*Erythroculter mongolicus (Basilewsky)*Hemibarbus maculatus Bleeker*Hemiculter leucisculus (Basilewsky)*Hypohthalmichthys molitrix Cuvier et Valenciennes

308 Appendices

*Megalobrama amblycephala Yih*Mylopharyngodon piceus (Richardson)*Paracanthobrama guichenoti Bleeker*Parasilurus asotus (Richardson)*Pseudorasbora parva Wu*Rhodeus lighti (Wu)*Sarcocheilichtys nigripinnis (Gunther)*Sarcocheilichtys sinensis Bleeker*Squaliobarbus curriculus (Richardson)*Toxabramis swinhonis GuntherAcanthobrama simoni BleckerAcanthorhodeus chanhaensis (Dybowsky)Acanthorhodeus taenianalis GuntherAcheilognathus sp.Aphyocypris chinensis GuntherCoreius heterodon (Bleeker)Distoechodon tumirostris PetersErythroculter dabryi (Bleeker)Erythroculter sp.Gnathopogon argentatus (Sauvag et Dabry)Gnathopogon sihuensis (Chu)Gnathopogon wolterstorffi (Regan)Hemibarbus labeo (Pallas)Hemiculter bleekeri WarpachowskyMegalobrama terminalis (Richardson)Ochetobius elongatus (Kner)Opsarichthys uncirostris bidens GuntherParabramis pekinensis (Basilewsky)Parapelecus argenteus (Gunther)Parapelecus engraulis (Nichols)Pararhodeus fangi MiaoPlagiognathops microlepis (Bleeker)Rhinogobio typus BleekerRhodeus ocellatus (Ker)Rhodeus sinensis GuntherSarcocheilichtys fukiensis (Nickols)Saurogobio dabryi BleekerSaurogobio dumerili BleekerSinilabeo decorus tungting (Nichols)Xenocypris argentea GuntherXenocypris davidi Bleeker

Cyprinodontidae

Oryzias latipes (Schlegel)

Appendices 309

Eleotridae

*Hypseleotris swinhonis (Gitnther)*Odontobutis obscure (Temminck et Schlegel)

Engraulidae

*Coilia brachygnathus Kreyenberger Pappenheim*Coilia ectenes Jordon et SealeCoilia ectenes taihuensis Yuan et Lin

Gallionymidae

Caltionymus olidus Gunther

Gobiidae

*Ctyenogobius giurinus (Rutter)Ctyenogobius cliffordpopei (Nichols)Odontamblyopus rubicundus (Hamilton Buchanan)Taenioides cirratus (Blyth)

Gottidae

Trachidermus fasciatus Heckel

Hemirhamphidae

*Hemirhamphus intermedius (Cantor)

Mastacembelidae

Mastacembelus aculeatus (Basilewsky)

Mugilidae

Mugil cephalus LinnaeusMugil soiuy Basilewsky

310 Appendices

Ophiocephalidae

*Ophiocephalus argus (Cantor)Channa asiatica (Linnaeus)

Salangidae

*Neosalanx oligodontis Chen*Neosalanx tanghahkeii taihuensis Chen*Protosalanx hyalocranius (Abbott)Reganisalanx brachyrostratis (Fang)

Serranidae

*Lateolabrax japonicus (Cuvier et Valenciennes)*Siniperca chuatsi (Basilewsky)Siniperca kneri GermanSiniperca scherzeri Steindachner

Siluridae

*Silurus asotus Linneus

Symbranchidae

*Monopterus abus (Zuiew)

Tetraodontidae

Fugu obscurus (Abe)Fugu ocellatus(Linnaeus)

E Species of Aquatic Vegetation in Lake Taihu

Acorus calarnus L.Acorus gramineus Soland.Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) GrisebAzolla imbricata (Roxb) Nakai

Appendices 311

Brasenia schreberi J.F. GmelButomus umbellatus L.Ceratophyllum demersum L.Ceratopteris thalictroides (L.) BrongnColocasia esculenta (L.) Schott.Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv.Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) SolmsEleocharis acicularis (L.) Roem. & SchultEleocharis tuberosa (Roxb.) Roem. et SchultElodea nuttalli (Planch.) St. JohnEuryale ferox Salisb.Fimbristylis dichotoma (L.) VahlHydrilla verticillata (L.f.) RoyleHydrocharis dubia (Bl.) BackerHygroryza aristata (Retz.) NeesJuncus setchuensis var. effusoides (Juncaceae)Jussiaea repens L.Leersia japonica (Makino) HondaLemna minor L.Leptochloa chinensis (L.) NeesLimnophila sessiliflora (Vahl) BlumeLobelia chinensis LourMarsilea quadrifolia L.Miscanthus sacchariflorus (Mixim.) HackMonochoria korsakowii Regel. et MaackMonochoria vaginalis (Burm. F.) Presl ex KunthMurdannia keisak (Hassk.) Hand.-Mazz.Myriophyllum spicatum L.Myriophyllum ussuriensis (Regel) MaximNajas graminea Del.Najas minor All.Nelutnbo nucifera GaertnNymphaea tetragona GeorgiNymphoides indica (L.) O. KuntzeNymphoides peltatum (Gmel.) O. KuntzeNyphar pumilum (Hoffm.) DC.Oenanthe javanica (Bl.) DC.Ottelia alismoides (L.) Pers.Phragmites communis Trin.Polygonum hydropiper L.Polygonum lapathifolium L.Polygonum orientale L.Polygonum perfoliatum L.Polygonum sagittatum L.

312 Appendices

Potamogeton crispus L.Potamogeton franchetii A. Benn. et Baag.Potamogeton maackianus A. Benn.Potamogeton malaianus Miq.Sagittaria pygmaea Miq.Sagittaria sagittifolia L.Salvinia natans (L.) AllScirpus lacustris L. var. tabernaemontani (C.C. Gmel.)Scirpus yagara OhwiSpirodela polyrhiza (L.) SchleidStipa tenacissima L.Torilis japonica (Houtt) DC.Trapa incisa Sieb et Zucc var. quadricaudata GluckTrapella sinensis OliveTypha angustifolia L.Utricularia aurea LourVallisneria natans (Lour.) HaraZizania latifolia (Griseb.) Stapf

Index

AAbsorption

coefficient, 69–86, 88, 89, 95scattering coefficients, 69–70spectrum, 73, 78, 79, 81

Abundance, 163, 206–208, 240–241, 242, 243,244, 245–247, 248, 250, 254, 256, 257,258, 259, 263, 282, 283, 286, 291

Accumulation, 51, 60, 101, 105, 106, 164, 247,273, 283

Acetate, 217, 223, 224Acidity, 165Acid water-soluble phosphorus, 217Acipenser sinensis, 276, 306Acoustic Doppler Profile (ADP), 142Activated sludge, 259Active ferric oxide, 180Active phosphorus, 171, 180Activity

alkaline phosphatase activity (APA), 197,198, 199, 200, 203, 204, 251

anthropogenic activity, 257bacterial activity, 171, 211enzyme activity, 235human activity, 55, 57, 93, 272P activity, 171–172wind activity, 177wind-wave activity, 188

ADCP (SonTek, Inc.), 125Adhesion, 213Adhesive sheath, 224ADI method, 129, 134Adsorption, 151, 164, 171, 175, 176–177,

178–180, 188, 191, 193, 194Aeration, 178–179Aerobic bacteria, 41Aerobic degradation, 178Aerosol scattering, 97, 98Agricultural fertilizer, 237

Agricultural irrigation, 245Agricultural production, 24, 37Agricultural shipping, 63Agricultural technology, 39Agriculture, 27, 30, 31, 32, 39–40, 229, 248,

252, 257, 273–274, 279, 282, 292Alaskan Gyre, 84Algae

algae-dominated lake, 165algal autolysis, 221algal biomass, 258algal blooms, 24, 43, 77, 79, 80, 82, 88, 92,

115, 156, 197–205, 206–213, 236, 244,245–247, 248, 249, 250, 292

blooms, 152, 178, 244, 245Algal cells, 198, 213, 221, 222, 223Algal growth, 178, 200, 202, 204, 205, 215,

216, 218Algal lake zone, 74, 85, 86Alkaline phosphatase, 197–200, 202–203,

204–205, 251Alkaline phosphatase activity (APA), 197, 198,

199, 200, 203, 204, 251Alkaline phosphatase synthesis, 199Alkaline potassium persulfate digestion, 182Alkalinity, 94, 165Alldredge, A. L., 211Alluvial, 7, 158Alluvial deposits, 258Alocinma longicornis, 269Alona guttata, 256Alonella excisa, 256Alps, 93Altitude, 5, 70–71, 102Aluminum oxide, 171Amino acids, 72, 93Ammonia, 214–216Amon, R. M. W., 94Amos, 147

313

314 Index

Amount, 12, 13, 17, 19, 22, 25, 27–30, 32,36–37, 39–42, 43, 57, 60, 61, 63, 74,146, 153, 156, 171, 178, 180, 187, 188,192, 199, 210–211, 213, 217, 220, 222,223, 245, 249–250, 252, 259, 260, 264,277, 279–280, 282, 285, 287, 288, 292

Anabaena, 245, 246Analyses, 92, 164, 168, 171Ancient times, 158ANDRAA sea current meter, 123Anguilla japonica, 276Angulagia polyzenata, 269Anhui, 12, 36Anji, 12Annals of Taihu Laboratory for Lake

Ecosystem Research, 230Annelida, 265Annual evaporation, 19Annual external load, 188Annual precipitation, 15, 17, 18Annual runoff, 15, 16Anodonta spp, 269Anodonta woodiana, 269Anterior ends, 269Anthropogenic activity, 275Anthropogenically-altered state, 291Anthropogenic impacts, 273Aphanizomenon, 245Aphanizomenon sp., 243Apparent DOC-specific absorption

coefficient, 73Apparent optical properties (AOPs), 69, 85–90Appendages, 270Appraisal, 276Aquaculture, 29, 30, 31, 33, 35, 36–37, 40, 41,

43–44, 47, 50, 51, 57, 60, 62–63, 229,242, 252, 256, 258, 260, 273, 279, 280,282–284, 287, 291–292

Aquatic ecosystem, 71, 93, 115–147Aquatic environment, 7, 37, 39, 40, 42, 151,

197, 248, 252Aquatic insect larvae, 41, 274Aquatic insects, 41, 265, 266, 272, 274Aquatic organisms, 229, 252Aquatic plant communities, 50Aquatic plants, 41, 43, 47, 50, 51, 52, 55,

56, 57, 60, 61, 62, 63, 166, 169, 187,191, 270

Aquatic vascular plants, 164Aquatic vegetation, 47–50, 51–52, 55, 57, 58,

60–61, 72, 75, 256, 258–259, 260, 262,283, 285, 286, 287–290, 291–292

Arborescence, 11

Areacatchment area, 3, 11, 22coastal areas, 285, 292enclosed fish-pen-culture net area, 41enclosed net fish breeding areas, 57enclosed net-pen aquaculture areas, 47enclosed reclamation area, 57, 61, 62, 63fish-pen culture area, 57Guodi mountainous area, 12net-enclosed areas, 279wharf area, 269

Aristichthys nobilis, 277Arndt, H., 207, 210Aromatic content, 76Arthrodesmus, 244Arthropoda, 265Artificial dyke, 292Artificial restocking, 276, 280, 281Askenasia volvox, 256Asplanchnopus multiceps, 256Assimilation, 212Atlantic Ocean, 83Atmosphere, 57, 93, 97, 98, 101–102, 103Atmospheric precipitation, 15ATP, 218, 219Attached bacteria, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216,

217, 220, 222, 224Attenuation, 69–70, 75, 85–89, 90, 93, 102,

103, 107, 236, 239Attenuation of UV-B radiation, 75Autolysi, 198, 221Average molecular weights, 72Azam, F. T., 206Azimuth, 100

BBacillariophyta, 240, 242, 243, 245, 247Bacilli, 41, 206, 214Bacillus sp., 214, 215, 216Backbone, 11, 12, 13, 14

backbone watercourses, 11, 12, 13, 14Backscattering, 70, 71, 72, 89, 90, 97, 105

coefficient, 71, 89, 105Bacteria

bacterial activity, 171, 211bacterial cell, 206, 207, 208, 211bacterial invasion, 221bacterial respiration rate, 212

Bacterioplankton, 209–210Bai, X. H., 230Baiqugang River, 13Bait, 273, 282, 283Bait remnants, 282Baker, R. R., 71

Index 315

Balancedynamic balance, 174water balance, 15, 20–22

Bamboo pole, 153, 156, 157Bank, 5, 6, 12, 43, 44–45, 47, 48, 50–51, 52,

55–57, 60, 61–63, 66, 125, 183, 254,269, 270–271, 287

Baojie Bridge, 242BAPA, 200, 201Barrel, 178–179Basin

dish-shaped basin, 5drainage basin, 1, 2–5, 6, 8lake basin, 2, 4, 6, 20, 28, 43Lake Taihu basin, 5, 6, 11, 12, 13, 15, 17,

18, 19, 25, 26, 27, 28, 30, 31, 36, 37,39, 41, 152

Bay(s)Gonghu Bay, 2, 154, 155, 158, 189, 190,

244, 248, 280, 286Hangzhou Bay, 13–14hypereutrophic bay, 243Meiliang Bay, 2, 23, 24, 25, 72, 73, 74, 75,

76, 77, 78, 79, 82, 83, 85, 86, 87, 88,89, 116, 118, 122, 123, 124

southeastern Taihu Bay, 155Wangting Bay, 270Wuli Bay, 3, 14–15, 16, 23, 24, 77–79, 82,

153, 154, 167, 173–175, 176–177, 189,190, 229, 230, 240, 242–243, 244, 247,248, 252, 254, 256, 257, 258–259, 262,266, 268, 271, 274, 275, 292

Xuekou Bay, 270Xukon Bay, 153Zhushan Bay, 2, 158, 189, 190, 256, 259,

266, 273, 274, 286, 290Beach, 33, 44, 48, 50, 52, 61Beam attenuation, 69–70

beam attenuation coefficient, 69–70Becquevort, 213Behavior, 174, 175, 194, 217, 259, 266Beijing-Hangzhou Canal (Grand Canal), 5, 12,

13, 14Beixi rivers, 12Bellamya, 269Bellamya aeruginosa, 269Bellamya quadrata, 269Bellamya spp, 272Benefit, 39, 63, 279Benner, R., 94Benthic animals, 164Benthic invertebrates, 271, 274Benthos, 151, 211, 277

Bergey’s bacteria identification manual (8thedition), 214

Berman, 198, 199, 204Berseneva, G. P., 84Bertilsson, 94Beverage manufacturing, 37Biddanda, 211Binding ability, 199Biodiversity, 92, 274Biogenic debris, 169, 172Biogeochemical cycles, 164, 230Biological conditions, 169Biological disturbances, 171Biology, 94, 229, 258Biomass, 24, 41, 43, 48, 50, 55, 56, 58, 59, 72,

92, 206–209, 220, 230, 231, 234, 237,240–241, 242, 243, 244, 245–247, 248,258, 262–263, 266, 267, 268, 272, 274,283, 286, 287, 288, 290, 291

Bio-optical models, 84, 94–95Biotic community, 283Bioturbation, 187Bird, 97Bitter herbs, 242Black carp, 279, 281Blom, 141Blood meal, 269Blooms

blue-green algal blooms, 43, 244Microcystis blooms, 212, 213, 237, 243,

246, 247, 248–249, 252, 262phytoplankton blooms, 231

Blough, N., 72Blue-green algae, 24, 50, 84, 197–224, 283Blue-green algal blooms, 43, 244Boavida, M. J., 198BOD, 36Boers, 171Bogginess, 156Boring, 152, 159Bosmina, 260Bosmina coregoni, 256, 260, 263Bosmina spp, 260Bottom

bottom friction coefficient, 142bottom particles, 154

Boundary, 11, 12, 25, 105, 106, 131, 132, 137,140, 147, 285

Brachionus angularis, 256, 259Brachionus calyciflorus, 256, 259Brachionus spp, 263Branches, 13, 158Branchiodrilus hortensis, 266

316 Index

Branchiura sowerbyi, 266, 271Bream, 62Bricaud, A. A., 72–73, 81Bricaud, A. M., 83–84Brine, D. T., 97Bristles, 266Brunberg, 213, 220, 222Budget, 25Buffering capacity, 178Buoyancy, 266

C14C, 152–153, 157

14C dating, 152, 157CaCO3, 165, 171Cai, H. J., 252, 262Cai, Q. M., 90, 95, 96, 97, 107, 108, 128, 129,

158, 249Caiola, M., 213, 221Calanoids, 260Calcium-P, 169, 171, 172California, 84Calm conditions, 187, 188, 192, 193Canada, 74, 93Canal, 5, 12, 13, 14, 20, 25, 32, 34, 36, 40, 278Caoqiao River, 12, 32, 34Cao, W. M., 272–273Cao, W. X., 79, 81–83Capacitive wave recorder, 182Capacity, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 15, 19–20, 41,

43, 44, 166, 176, 177, 178, 180, 242,279, 284

Capacity measurement experiments, 176Carassius auratus, 276, 277, 278, 280, 281Carbon

carbon monoxide, 72content, 207–209cycle, 72, 94, 208–209dioxide, 72, 93, 94, 97, 102disulfide, 72fixation, 93photoproducts, 72source, 223

Carbonyl sulfide, 72Carder, K. L., 72, 76Cargo vessels, 63Caridina sp., 270, 274Carney, J. J., 210Carnivorous species, 256Carp

crucian carp, 279grass carp, 62, 258, 279, 281silver carp, 279, 281

Carriers, 210Cataclysm, 261Catch

efficiency, 272fish catches, 277, 278–279, 284overall catches, 280total catch, 264, 277, 278–279, 282

Catchment, 3, 11, 15, 22, 33, 151, 161Catchment area, 3, 11, 22Categories, 26, 152Catering, 259Cyprinus carpio, 276, 277, 278, 280, 281, 292Cipangopaludina chinensis, 269Ceriodaphnia cornuta, 252, 256, 263C. cornuta-Moina spp, 260CDOM, 69–70, 71–77, 82, 85–87, 89, 91, 93,

94–95, 97, 107, 236absorption coefficient, 72, 74–76

Coilia ectenes, 278C. ectenes taihuenisis, 278, 279Cell divisions, 249–250Cell membrane, 197Cell volume, 204, 206, 207, 208Cembella, A. D., 197Center, 5, 11, 14, 24, 44, 47, 48, 50, 52, 55, 66,

116, 125, 133, 142, 143, 211, 229, 246,256, 276

Centrifugation, 18, 21Cephalic gills, 266Cephalothorax, 270Ceriodaphnia cornuta, 252, 256Cryptomonas erosa, 244Corbicula fluminea, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273,

274C-grid net, 129Changdougang river, 12, 116Changdugang river, 15Changjiang River, 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 12, 13, 15, 22Changshan river, 14Changshu city, 5Chang, W. Y. P., 152–153, 155Changxing, 5, 12, 135Changxing County, 11, 12Changxinggang River, 12, 16, 34Changzhou, 14, 15, 18, 25, 27Channel, 7, 8, 9, 15, 44, 158, 278, 280, 282Characteristic absorptions, 78, 80, 81, 82,

90, 102Characteristics

growth characteristics, 213–224hydrological characteristics, 151, 161physicochemical characteristics, 191

Chelators, 198

Index 317

Chemical decomposition, 165Chemical energy, 230Chemical fertilizers, 37, 39, 40Chemical forms, 157Chemical industry, 37, 38, 39Chemical oxygen demand (COD), 25, 186Chemicals, 39–40, 164Chen, J. Y., 6Chen, W. M., 229, 240, 243, 251–252, 254,

262, 265, 276, 285Chen, Y., 230Chironomidae, 265, 266, 270, 271, 274, 275Chironomid larvae, 271, 273–274Chironomus spp, 270Chl a, 24–25, 50, 64, 65, 66, 72, 76–85, 86,

87, 89, 90, 91–92, 94, 95, 123, 124,184–186, 230, 231, 232, 233, 235, 236,237, 243, 251, 252, 283

Chlorophyll a, 24, 72, 77, 185, 229, 230, 233,252

Chlorophyll a-specific absorption, 77Chromophoric dissolved organic matter

(CDOM), 69, 74, 236Chroococcus limneticuss, 244Chroococcus limneticus var carneus, 243Chroococcus minutus, 244Chroomonas, 242, 243, 244, 245–246Chroomonas acuta, 243, 244Chroomonas nordstedtii, 242Chrost, R. J., 198, 199–200, 213Chrysophyta, 240Chunqiu and Zhanguo Period, 7Churilova, T. Y., 84Chydorus gibbus, 256Chydorus sp., 262Chydorus sphaericus, 256, 263Chydorus spp, 260Ciliates, 206, 209–210, 211Cipangopaludina cathayensis, 269Cipangopaludina chinensis, 269Circumstances, 8, 175City sewage, 242Clams, 269, 272Clarification, 60Classification, 51, 198Clay

content, 154quaternary silt clay, 157silt clay, 152, 157, 159, 160

Clementson, L. A., 75Cleveland, J. S., 77, 83C:N, 215CO2, 57, 213

CO2−3 , 165

Coarsened sediments, 154Coast, 75–76, 81, 122–123, 128, 141,

285–287, 292Coastal areas, 285, 292Coble, J. M., 73Cocci, 206Cocconeis placentula, 243COD, 25, 27, 32, 38, 50, 66, 186Coelenterata, 265Coilia brachygnathus, 277Coilia ectenes, 276Coilia ectenes taihuensis, 264, 276, 277,

278, 284Coleoptera, 265Collision, 211Colloids, 72, 171–172Colon bacilli, 41Colonies, 212, 213, 249, 251Colorado, 75–76Combination, 115, 219, 276Commensalism, 206Community

fish Community, 276, 278–280microbial community, 206submerged plant community, 55zooplankton community, 254, 256, 260

Compaction, 163Comparisons, 25, 55, 90, 95, 96, 102, 120, 121,

136, 145, 165, 176, 214, 223, 240, 248,283

Compensating, 37, 129, 199, 205, 263Competition, 37, 84, 200, 202, 206, 230Competitive inhibition, 200Components, 102, 130, 139, 165, 206–207,

222, 274Composition, 32, 43, 51, 55, 76–77, 83, 89,

91, 92–93, 97, 159, 160, 211, 240,244, 246, 254–256, 258, 260, 265–266,271–274, 276, 277–278, 284, 285, 286,287, 289–290, 291

Compounds, 72, 92–93, 94, 202Concentration gradient, 176, 184Concentrations

nutrient concentrations, 182, 183, 184–187,188, 193, 231, 239, 246, 249

P concentrations, 171, 180, 182, 184, 191,193, 194, 201, 202, 204, 221, 230, 251,253

Concept, 206, 256Conceptual model, 182–192, 193–194Conical flask, 173, 175

318 Index

Consequence, 2, 7, 63, 66, 130, 205, 211, 213,236, 269, 271, 273, 274, 278

Conservation, 28, 164Construction, 14, 61, 63, 278, 280, 291, 292Consumers, 206, 213, 277Consumption, 22, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 252Controlling factors, 214Conventional hydrometry, 20Conversion, 39, 131, 151Copepod crustaceans, 254Copepodid, 260Corbicula fluminea, 269, 271Corbicula mollusks, 270Corbiculidae, 269Cores

drill cores, 6sampling cores, 169–170sediment cores, 159–160, 164, 168, 169,

172, 182, 191Correlation, 75–76, 80, 81–84, 88, 91, 92,

120–121, 171–172, 184, 252coefficients, 39, 75, 120, 171, 252

Cosmarium, 244Courses

output courses, 158river courses, 152

Coverage, 48, 50, 285–286, 287Cox and Munk’s probability distribution

function, 100Crab, 29, 62, 63, 66, 270, 272, 274, 280,

282–283, 291Creeks, 259Cristaria plicata, 269Criterion, 194Critical stress, 143–147Crop rotation, 39Crucian carp, 279Crustacea, 252, 254, 260, 265, 266, 269–270Crustacean zooplankton, 252Cryptomonas, 245, 246, 247Cryptomonas (Cryptophyta), 245Cryptomonas erosa, 243, 244Cryptomonas ovata, 242, 243, 244Cryptophyta, 240, 242–243, 244, 245, 247, 248137Cs, 152, 153Ctenopharyngodon idellus, 276, 277, 278, 280,

282, 292Culter erythropterus, 276, 278Cultivated land, 37Cultivation, 29, 40, 45, 258, 274, 278, 279,

280, 282, 283, 287, 291Culture

medium, 217, 218, 221–223

enclosure culture, 280, 291net-box culture, 280net-pen culture, 229, 280, 282–284pen culture, 169, 178, 279, 280pond culture, 280, 282poultry culture, 40

Culvert gates, 14Cumulative effects, 194Current capacity, 284Currents

fast current, 239, 263lake current, 122, 123, 126, 128, 129, 137,

138, 142, 143, 147slow current, 239, 263wind-driven currents, 115, 128–129

Curve, 73, 78, 89, 102, 104, 107, 160, 161,174, 179, 219, 221, 224, 251

Cyanobacteria, 116, 128, 249Cyanophyta, 240, 242–243, 244, 245, 258Cycling, 164, 193, 204, 270Cyclops, 260Cyclops vicinus, 256Cyclotella, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248Cyclotella Cryptophyta, 244Cyclotella sp., 243, 244Cyclotella stelligera, 243Cynoglossus gracilis, 276Cynoglossus purpureomculatu, 276Cynoglossus trigmintnus, 276Cyprinidae, 276Cyprinus carpio, 276, 277, 280, 281, 292Cytosine, 214

DDagang, 14Dagongshan Island, 286Dakhama, A., 217Daleishan Island, 158, 244Dam, 7, 11, 278, 280, 290Damage, 75, 92–93, 249Danjinlicao, 12Danyang, 17DAPA, 200–201Daphnia, 210Daphnia longispina, 256, 263DAPI, 207Dapugang River, 7, 12, 14Dapukou, 135, 136, 158, 159, 160, 161, 168,

169–171, 172Daqiangang River, 12Daqiankou, 12Daquegang, 50, 64, 66

Index 319

Datadating data, 154meteorological data, 101, 123

Dating methods, 152, 153Daxi River, 14Decisive effects, 163, 172Decline, 7, 8, 24, 220, 221, 222, 230, 251, 263,

272, 273, 278, 279, 283Declining phase, 220, 222Decomposers, 211Decomposition, 43, 51, 94, 164, 165, 188, 203,

205, 210, 211, 212, 213, 251Decrease, 7, 9–10, 37, 39, 50, 61, 66, 72–75,

76, 81, 84, 85–87, 88, 89, 91, 93, 94,107, 129, 136, 140, 147, 154, 163,164–166, 168, 169, 171, 175, 178–180,183, 186, 188, 189, 191–192, 194,199–200, 202–203

Degradationphotochemical degradation, 72, 94photodegradation, 75

Dekker, A. G., 90Delay phase, 215Del Castillo, C. E., 73, 75, 94Delta, 1, 6, 15, 158, 265, 266, 273Deng, S. M., 276Denmark, 193–194Density

optical density, 72, 215, 216, 219, 220, 221,222, 223, 224

river net density, 11sediment density, 144, 147

Depolymerization, 197Deposition

release-deposition, 171silt deposition, 61, 154

Deposition rates, 152, 155Deposits, 6, 39, 44–46, 61, 152, 154, 158Depressions, 6, 11, 152, 153, 158Depth

euphotic depth, 70, 93, 236sediment depth, 147, 163, 169, 171, 188,

193transition depth, 164water depth, 4, 51, 96, 107–108, 116, 120,

131, 140, 142, 143–146, 182, 184, 285,291–292

Depth-integrated model (2-D), 128Deqing, 12Dero digitata, 266Desmidium, 244Desorption, 173Destruction, 92, 175, 198

Detergent, 259Deterioration, 7, 15, 24, 36, 152, 156, 181,

240, 242, 252Determinants, 158Detritus

communities, 210energy pool, 210–211particles, 210, 211

Developmenteconomic development, 36, 252sustainable development, 36, 62

Difflugia globulosa, 256Diagenesis, 169Diameter, 145, 159, 160, 178, 212, 249, 251,

252, 272Dianchi, 7–8Diaphanosoma brachyurum, 256, 263Diaphanosoma sarsi, 260Diatoms, 84, 211, 242, 247, 283Dicotyledons, 287, 289Didinium balbianii, 256Difference, 17, 51, 75, 76, 77, 82–83, 85–87,

91, 121, 123, 128, 129, 133–134, 135,152, 160, 166, 167, 168, 169, 171, 173,176, 201, 207–208, 223, 231, 232, 242,251–252, 254, 262, 287

Differential equation, 128–129, 133Difflugia, 256, 260Difflugia globulosa, 256Diffuse attenuation coefficient, 69–70, 75,

85–89, 90, 236Diffused light, 69–70Diffusion

molecular diffusion, 171digestion, 198

Dimensions, 9, 123, 128, 132–133, 206Ding, W. J., 6Dinobryon divergens, 243Diptera, 265Direction, 1, 11, 20, 22, 55, 60, 99, 100, 116,

118, 120, 123, 124, 125, 129, 130,132–133, 135–136, 138–140, 182, 230,246–247, 252

Disappearance, 57, 66, 242, 243, 252, 289,291–292

Disaster, 7, 8, 248Discharge, 9, 12, 13–14, 20, 27, 29–30, 32,

36–37, 38–39, 40–42, 50, 61, 137, 176,237, 242, 245, 252, 258, 259, 273, 283

Dish-shaped basin, 5Dispersion, 165Dissociation, 218Dissolution, 94, 165, 171

320 Index

Dissolved extracellular enzymes, 198Dissolved free enzymes, 198Distribution, 4–5, 14, 15, 17, 19, 27, 55, 56,

58, 59, 70, 73, 79, 89, 94, 97, 100,102, 106, 108, 115, 120, 124, 128–129,130, 151–152, 156–158, 159–162, 164,166, 168, 169, 171, 172, 184, 191, 200,207–208, 209, 220–221, 230, 231, 232,233, 237, 248–249, 250, 257–258, 266,269, 270, 271, 273, 285, 286–287, 288,289, 291

Disturbancedynamic disturbance, 173storm-induced disturbances, 115wind-stressed disturbances, 193wind-wave disturbance, 188

Disturbance intensity, 177Diurnal differences, 251Diurnal migration, 270Diversion, 5, 11, 12, 15Diversity, 41, 266, 270, 276, 277, 290DOC-specific absorption coefficient, 73, 76Domestic organic fertilizer, 39Domestic pollution sources, 27, 29Domestic sewage, 27, 30, 32, 35, 36, 66, 245,

258, 259Domestic water, 36Dominant taxa, 243, 246Dongdongtingshan (Dongshan Peninsula), 2Dongjiaozui, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 50, 52, 57, 60,

61, 64, 155, 156Dongjiaozui-Jishangang zone, 50Dongjiu, 12Dongqing River, 13Dongtiaoxi River, 11–12, 13–14, 15, 34Dongting lake, 7, 22Dose, 180Dou, H. S., 279Dowell, M. D., 75Downstrem, 11Downward irradiance, 70, 85, 89, 96, 105–108Downward radiance, 90Doxaran, D., 72Drainage

basin, 1, 2–5, 6, 8networks, 158system, 11, 13–14

Dredge, 11, 272Dredge pump, 272Dredging, 7, 43, 156–157Drill cores, 6Drinking water

factory, 249

plant, 247resource, 249

Driving forces, 55–66Drop, 136, 174, 249, 280, 282Dry weight, 57, 180, 286, 291DTN, 183–186, 188, 191DTP, 183, 184, 186–187, 188, 191Duchun, 260Ducklow, H. W., 208Ducun, 158Dupouy, 79Dust, 30Dust precipitation, 30Dynamic action, 291Dynamic balance, 174Dynamic disturbance, 173Dynamic monitoring, 229

EEarthworms, 270East China Sea, 6, 61, 81, 152, 262Eastern Taihu Bay (ETB), 1–2, 13, 43–46, 47,

48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56–57,58, 60–61, 62–63, 64, 65–66, 72–77,85, 86, 87, 153, 154, 155, 156, 159,160, 161, 162, 163, 165, 166, 168, 169,170, 171, 172, 178, 181, 189, 190, 191,229, 230, 242, 244, 245, 248, 256, 258,259, 266, 269–270, 273, 274, 275, 277,279, 282, 283, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289,290

East Tiaoxi River, 11Ecological dredging, 156Ecological effects, 70, 92–96, 263, 284Ecological factors, 171, 197, 234–239, 262Ecological functions, 39Ecological significance, 69Ecology, 103, 141, 181, 192–193, 194, 197,

198–199, 206, 208, 210–211, 214, 217,229, 230, 231–239, 240–247, 248–292,266

Economic cropping, 37Economic development, 36, 252Economic loss, 24, 249Ecosystem, 24, 71, 92–93, 115–147, 151–152,

159, 178Effects

environmental effects, 72, 156hydrodynamic effects, 158hydrodynamics effects, 115–147

Efficiency, 132, 212, 250–251, 272Eggs, 270, 279Eh values, 165–166The 8th 5-year plan, 229

Index 321

Electrical equipment, 37Electronic manufacturing, 37Element content, 154Eleocharis tuberosa, 287Elevation, 1, 4, 45, 51–52, 53, 61, 70, 131–132,

137–140Elodea nuttalli, 285, 289Elopichthys batnbusa, 277, 278Elser, J. J., 210Embankment, 14, 61Emergent plants, 51, 55, 57, 60–61Enclosed fish-pen-culture net area, 41Enclosed net fish breeding areas, 57Enclosed net-pen aquaculture areas, 47Enclosed net-pens, 62Enclosed reclamation area, 57, 61, 62, 63Enclosure

cultivation experiment, 280culture, 280, 291

Energychemical energy, 230light energy, 230

Enterprises, 38, 39, 42Entrance, 14, 155, 271Environment

environmental effects, 72, 156environmental significance, 157protection, 14

Enzymeactivity, 235structure, 198synthesis, 199

Ephemeroptera, 265Epidemics, 66Epiphytes, 269Epistylis rotans, 256Equation

differential equation, 128–129, 133Fresnel equation, 98, 200

Erosion, see Soil erosionErythroculter dabryi, 278Erythroculter ilishaeformis, 277Erythroculter mongolicus, 277, 279Erythroculter sp., 276Estimate, 9, 22, 27–29, 30, 50, 57, 89, 91, 95,

147, 153, 188–193, 194, 209, 211, 276,277, 287, 290

Estuary, 5, 6, 7, 14, 50, 81, 83tides, 14

Ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA),198

Euastrum, 244Euglenophyta, 240, 243

Euphotic depth, 70, 93, 236Eurythermal species, 262Eutrophication control, 35–36, 193Eutrophic waters, 84, 200, 202, 207, 257, 262,

266Evaporation

capacity, 19evapotranspiration, 17, 19rate, 17, 19

Evolutionary process, 276Exchange

ion exchange, 165P exchange, 168substance exchange, 43, 93, 245, 266, 269,

274water exchange, 22, 123–124, 151–194

Exchangeable P, 167, 169, 171, 172, 174, 180Excrement, 28, 29, 30, 51Existence, 198, 200Expansion, 57, 61, 66, 272, 283, 291Experiment

capacity measurement experiments, 176enclosure cultivation experiment, 280experimental conditions, 174waveflume experiments, 191

Exploitation, 273Extinction, 252, 258, 290Extract, 77, 169, 221, 222, 223Extraction method, 168, 169

FFactors

controlling factors, 214ecological factors, 171, 197, 234–239, 262hydrodynamic factors, 158, 172

Factory, 41, 249Faecal pellets, 211, 280Family, 276, 289Fan, C. X., 164, 167, 168, 172, 174, 189, 190,

193Fan-shaped, 15, 50Farman, J. C., 92Farmland, 5, 27, 28, 40, 66, 289Fast current, 239, 263Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) method, 120Fate, 175, 213, 256Fauna, 229, 265, 276Feedback, 206Feeding, 4, 40, 206, 210, 211, 252, 266, 269,

270Feeding strategy, 269Feig, Y. S., 207Fe- or Mn-oxides, 193–194Fe:P, 194

322 Index

Fern, 287, 289Ferrari, G. M., 75Ferric iron, 188, 193Ferric oxide, 171, 180

colloids, 171Ferrous metal metallurgy, 37, 38, 39Fertile silt, 292Fertilizer, 37, 39–40, 237, 258Field conditions, 128, 187Field investigations, 122, 123, 182–183Field measurements, 69, 128Field observations, 115, 116, 128, 194, 200Filter

feeding, 211, 229-feeding animals, 229–230seston, 290

Finite Difference Method (FDM), 128–129Finite Element Methods (FEM), 128–129Fish

breeding, 37, 41, 57, 62, 272catches, 277, 278–279, 284community, 276, 278–280excrement, 51excreta, 259, 282farms, 259–260, 266, 272–273, 290fauna, 276feed, 259ponds, 37, 66, 280species, 264, 276, 277–278, 292stock, 279

Fisheries, 36, 62, 274, 276, 278–279, 280, 290,292

Fisheries Department, 274Fishermen, 30Fishery management committee, 280Fishery production, 278Fishery Resource Management Department,

272Fishing

capacity, 279intensity, 274, 279

Fish-pen culture area, 57Fishponds, 29Fishy odor, 292Flagellates, 206, 209–210, 211Flat landform, 4Floating leaf plants, 44, 50, 52, 55, 56–57, 60,

61Floating plants, 57Flocculation, 151, 191, 193Flood

control, 14floodgate, 262, 274, 278

prevention, 11, 43season, 17, 43–44

Flora, 229Flow pathways, 206Fluctuations, 17, 19, 179, 208, 209, 220Flux, 8–9, 16, 101, 102, 132, 133, 143, 151,

154, 155, 188, 189, 190, 210Fodder, 63Food chain, 92, 240, 256, 270, 277–278Formation, 6, 7, 55, 71, 164, 193, 210, 249,

252Forms

chemical forms, 157P forms, 168, 169, 170, 171, 182

Formulae, 212Fraction, 193, 197, 198, 199, 200, 203Free-living bacteria, 213Frenette, J. J., 74–75Frequency, 17, 21, 24, 65, 79, 120, 192, 230,

245–246, 250, 257, 258, 259, 267Freshwater fishery center, 229Freshwater lakes, 1, 7, 8, 22, 198Fresnel equation, 98, 200Fresnel reflection, 98–99Frogs, 269Fruit orchards, 40Fry, 278, 279, 281Fulvic acid, 76

GGachter, R., 194Gallegos, C. L., 81, 83Gallie, E. A., 76Gammarids, 269Gao, H., 94Gao, J. F., 11Gao, G., 197, 203, 206, 251Gao, X. Y., 251Gastropoda, 265–266, 275Gates

culvert gates, 14sluice gates, 15, 20

Gauged runoff, 20Gene expression, 199Genera, 240, 244, 245–248, 254, 260, 285, 287Generations, 17, 260Gene signals, 199Geochemistry, 169, 172Germany, 154, 199Gills, 266Glenn, S. M., 147Glossiphonia complanata, 266Gonghu Bay, 2, 154, 155, 158, 189, 190, 244,

248, 280, 286

Index 323

Gons, H. J., 90Gradients, 129, 176, 188Grain, 37, 40, 160, 162Graminaceous grass, 280Grand Canal, 5, 12, 13, 14Graptoleberis testudinaria, 256Grass carp, 62, 258, 279, 281Grazers, 270Green, S., 72Gross evaporation, 19Gross industrial, 36Gross storage, 19, 22Gross weight, 191, 211Ground water, 15Growth

characteristics, 213–224rate, 66, 197, 209, 215, 220, 251

Guajinggang, 13, 61Guajinggang River, 13Guajingkou, 13, 61Guajingkou river, 61Guanine, 214Guanzhang Mountain, 2Guodi mountainous area, 12Gusts, 192, 194Gu, Y. F., 213, 217

HH2CO3, 165Habitat preferences, 266Habitats, 52, 206, 279Haiyantang River, 14Hang-Jia-Hu, 5, 14Hangzhou Bay, 13–14Hangzhou Bend, 14Hangzhou-Jiaxing-Huzhou ( Hang-Jia-Hu), 5,

12, 13, 14, 17Hangzhou-Jiaxing-Huzhou plain, 12, 13Hantke, B., 202Harbors, 269Hard earth, 158Hardness, 44, 46, 157Hargreaves, B. P., 72Harpacticus sp., 263Hartley, A. M., 171Harvesting of macrophytes, 60Hatchery fishery, 280–284Hatchery-raised juveniles, 280Havens, K. E., 206Hawley, N., 142Hazard, 8Head, 270, 281Healey, F. P., 197

Heath, R. T., 198Heavy metals, 197Hemibarbus maculatus, 277Hemiclepsis kasimiana, 266–269Hemiptera, 265Hemirhamphus intermedius, 277Herbivorous fish, 62Herndl, G. J., 210, 213Hessen, D., 93Heterotrophic bacteria, 206–207, 209–212, 213Heterotrophic microbe, 197, 212Heterotrophs, 210Hexarthra fennica, 256Hexixingang River, 12Hierarchy, 242Hirudinea, 265, 266Hirudo nippinia, 269Hoepffner, N., 83Hohener, P., 194Hojerslev, N. K., 81Hollows, 7Holocene, 66Hongve, D., 171Hongxianggang River, 12, 14Hongze, 7–8Host, 269Huangdugang, 14Huangpujiang River, 12, 13–14, 15Huangpu River, 5Huang, W. Y., 23Huang, X. W., 6Huang, Y. Y., 259Huang, Y. P., 6, 23, 32, 153, 154, 155, 158,

159, 160, 192, 194, 273Hubei, 257Hughes, G., 129Human activity, 55, 57, 93, 272Humic acid, 76Huovinen, P. S., 72Hupfer, M., 171Hutter, K., 128, 134Hu, W. P., 129Huxisha river monitoring station, 17Huzhou, 11–12, 15, 25, 27, 135Huzhou shoreline, 15Hyalotheca, 244Hydraulic engineering construction, 278Hydrilla verticillata, 48, 52, 55, 59, 286, 287,

289Hydrocharis dubia, 52, 63Hydrodynamics, 115–127, 128–140, 141–147,

169effects, 115–147, 158

324 Index

factors, 158, 172process, 141, 151–152, 191

Hydrological characteristics, 151, 161Hydrological process, 249Hydrological regime, 261–262Hydrology, 20, 61, 94Hydrolysis, 174–175, 198, 202Hydrolyzation, 197Hydrometeorological conditions, 274Hydrophytes, 151Hydroxyapatite, 169Hypereutrophication, 243Hypereutrophic bay, 243Hypohthalmichthys molitrix, 276, 277, 280Hypothesis, 6, 191, 199Hyriopsis cumingii, 269

IIce fishes, 277, 279Identification, 164, 214Illumination conditions, 57, 84Impact, 37, 40, 57, 62, 66, 72, 137, 194, 218,

273, 279, 280–282Incident light, 69–70, 71, 91Incoming flow, 12, 22Increase

increasing intensity, 161Increment rate, 279Incubation, 175

system, 175Index

nonoverlapping index, 51organic pollution index, CODMn, 23, 24,

25, 32, 35, 36, 37, 50, 64, 65, 283Indian plain, 276Indicator, 17, 57, 90, 194, 198, 243, 259, 265,

274Inducible enzyme, 199Industrial and agricultural water consumption,

20Industrial pollution

control, 25, 35–36sources, 27

Industrial waste, 27, 30, 37, 237, 258Industry

chemical industry, 37, 38, 39secondary and tertiary industry, 24tertiary industry, 24, 259

Infiltration, 8, 143, 168exchanging, 168

Inflow, 7, 11, 14–15, 16, 20, 21–22, 24, 25, 45,64, 74, 136, 137, 230

Influence, 7, 8, 15, 24, 39, 40, 50, 63, 79, 92,94, 95, 97, 98, 115, 123, 129, 137, 141,

151, 173–174, 184, 197, 199, 204, 211,212, 214, 217, 218, 220, 221, 222, 223,237, 250–252, 259, 260, 262, 273–274,283

Ingestion, 210, 211, 252Inherent optical properties (IOPs), 69–70,

71–84Inhibitor, 198, 200, 218, 223–224Inlet, 7, 8–9, 74–75, 259Inner diameter, 178Inorganic compounds, 72Inorganic matter, 44, 80, 81, 94Inorganic phosphorus, 200, 201, 202, 204, 218,

219Inorganic suspended matter (ISM), 80, 81, 88Input, 21, 34, 36, 40, 50, 134, 153, 158, 159,

212, 236, 248, 282Insecta, 265–266, 274Insect larvae, 41, 283Integrity, 198Interface, 115, 133, 141–143, 146–147,

151–152, 157, 165–166, 173–177, 179,185, 187, 188, 189, 190, 193–194

Internal nutrientloading, 182–187, 194release, 116, 141, 194

Internal sources, 151, 156Intersection, 276Intervals, 11, 72, 117, 123, 125, 182Intervention, 291Invertebrates, 271, 274Investigations, 116, 122–127, 141, 152, 156,

157, 159, 160–162, 166, 182–183, 192,194, 229, 248, 271, 276

Investment, 37, 41, 279Ion exchange, 165Iqbal, M., 97Iron and manganese, 194Irradiance

downward irradiance, 70, 85, 89, 96,105–108

irradiance ratio, 70, 89–90underwater irradiance, 85, 93, 105,

107–108, 234, 236–237upward irradiance, 70, 89, 108

Islands, 1, 5, 287Islets, 1, 5Isolation, 214Isotopes, 212, 217Isotope tracer methods, 217

JJamet, D., 198

Index 325

Jensen, H. S., 194Jerlov, N. G., 99Jiangsu Province, 4, 17, 20, 25, 27, 30, 32, 33,

34, 277, 279Jiang, W., 142Jiangyin, 13Jiaobaigang, 62, 64, 66Jiaobai port, 282Jiapu, 153, 154Jiapugang River, 12Jiaxing, 18, 25Jintan, 15Jishangan, 50, 60, 62, 64Jishan port, 282Jones, J. G., 204Juncus setchuensis var. effusus, 287Junzhang Mountain, 2Justus, C. G., 97Juveniles, 270, 280

KKandugang, 14Karentz, D., 93Karman constant, 142Keratella cochlearis, 256Keratella quadrata, 256Keratella spp, 263Kerr, J. B., 92Kiefer, D. A., 77, 94Kirk, J. T. O., 69–71, 72–73, 75, 85–86, 89, 94Kowalczuk, P., 76Kristensen, E., 193Krone, R. B., 141Kuenzler, E. J., 197Kunshan, 15

LLaboratory, 23, 25, 135, 141, 143, 178, 192,

193, 229, 230, 231, 250, 251, 262–263,291

Laboratory simulations, 141, 193Lacustrine bogs, 51Lagoon, 6Lakes

Lake Apopka, 193Lake Arresø, 193Lake Boyang, 273Lake Cheng, 13Lake Constance, 128Lake Dianshan, 13Lake Donghu, 257–258Lake Dongting, 7, 154, 273Lake Ge, 4, 11, 12, 14, 34, 174Lake Loosdrecht, 90

Lake Overijssel, 90Lake Saint-Pierre, 74–75Lake Tao, 4, 11, 12Lake Vecht, 90Lake Xijiu, 12Lake Yangchenghu, 13

Lake basin, 2, 4, 6, 20, 28, 43Lake bed, 6, 43, 44, 45, 46, 51, 52, 55, 57, 60,

61, 63, 252Lake center, 24, 66Lake current, 122, 123, 126, 128, 129, 137,

138, 142, 143, 147Lake ecosystem, 23, 25, 92–93, 115, 135,

151–152, 159, 178, 181, 192, 194, 217,229–239, 240–247, 248–292

Lake environment, 40, 152, 157Lake floor, 1Lake shape, 5, 11, 15, 214Lakeshore, 57, 153, 160, 277Lakeside

highway, 30, 32tourism, 29

Lake TaihuLake Taihu basin, 5, 6, 11, 12, 13, 15, 17,

18, 19, 25, 26, 27, 28, 30, 31, 36, 37,39, 41, 152

Lake Taihu ecology mode, 206Lake Taihu Fishery Administrative

Committee of Jangsu Province, 280Lambert-Beer law, 69, 97–98Lamellibranchia, 265–266, 269Lamellibranchiata, 265Lamellibranchs, 265–266, 269, 270Land

cultivated land, 37farmland, 5, 27, 28, 40, 66, 289land evaporation, 17, 19loess-deposition lands, 152

Lanlugang River, 13Larvae

midge larvae, 274mosquito larvae, 270tendipedidae larvae, 272

Laurion, I., 72, 75, 92Laws, 69, 93, 97, 99, 151Layer

under-layer, 161, 167loess layer, 158surface layer, 107, 143, 171, 178, 236, 249,

282–283Leakage, 8Leather, 37, 38, 39Leaves, 57, 269, 270, 290

326 Index

Lecane ungulata, 256Lecithoid, 218Leeches, 269Leersia japonica, 287Length

shell length, 272wavelength, 71–73, 75–76, 78, 79, 80, 81,

84, 85–87, 89, 98, 102, 107, 108, 117,142, 143–144, 145, 236

Leptodora kindti-Diaphanosoma spp, 260Li, W. C., 43, 44, 55, 173, 280, 284, 292Li, Y., 168, 178, 179, 180Liang, R. J., 129–130Liangxikou, 7Liangxi River, 7, 13, 14, 74, 123, 130, 158,

230, 245, 271, 274Lian, Y. W., 213Lick, W., 141, 142, 147Life expectancy, 265Light

bleaching action, 94energy, 230intensity, 95, 129, 231, 236, 249, 250regime, 290, 292

Lihe River, 14Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri, 266, 271, 272–274Limnodrilus claparedianus, 271Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri, 266, 271, 272–274Limnoperna lacustris, 269Limnothora sinensis, 256Lin’an, 12Literature, 6, 7Littoral, 24, 79, 83, 156, 162, 188, 189, 231,

233, 285–286, 287, 290–291Liugang River, 14Liu, J. J., 143–144Liu, J. L., 152–153, 155Liu, L. L., 213, 217Liu, Q. J., 129Liu, Y. D., 213Livestock, 28–30, 269Livestock and poultry production, 28–30Living conditions, 248Living organisms, 171Living standards, 24, 36Living things, 164Location, 14, 18, 19, 20, 48, 50, 51, 61, 72, 73,

123, 125, 134–135, 153, 154, 155, 158,160, 161, 178, 183, 198, 247, 259–260,265, 273

Loess-deposition lands, 152layer, 158

sediments, 153Logarithmic growth phase, 215Logarithm phase, 215Looij, A. V., 209Looming macrophytes, 169Lopium perenise, 280Losses, 24, 211Loss of ignition (LOI), 172, 183, 186–187Lower St. Johns, 81, 83Lowland, 5–7, 11, 14, 153, 158Low plain region, 2–3, 4–5Lujiagang River, 44Luo, L. C., 116, 122, 126, 128, 141, 191, 192Lutz, V. A., 84Lymnaeidae, 269

MMachinery, 37Machinery production, 37Macrobrachium nipponensis, 270, 274Macromolecules, 211Macrophyte coverage, 285, 286Macrophyte-dominated eutrophication, 43Macrophyte-dominated shallow lake, 50Macrophytes

harvesting of macrophytes, 60looming macrophytes, 169submerged macrophytes, 57, 266, 269, 285,

287, 290Macrophyte stands, 286, 291Macrophytical lake zone, 50, 72, 74, 85, 86,

88, 165, 280Macroscopic aggregates, 210Macrothrix rosea, 263Macrura reetesii, 276, 278Madsen, O. S., 142Magnesium ions, 198Main commercial species, 277Management, 32, 36–37, 41–42, 43, 63, 94,

278, 280Mantle cavity, 269Maoshan low hill, 4Maoshan mountain, 12, 15Margins, 5Markager, W., 77Marsh

marsh stage, 52marsh vegetation, 55–61

Mashan, 116, 158, 188, 189, 190, 259, 292Mashan Hill, 152, 158Massif region, 2, 4, 5Mass propagation, 249Ma, S. W., 158Materials, 115, 128, 141, 151–152, 277, 283

Index 327

Matterinorganic matter, 44, 80, 81, 94organic matter

nitrogen, 23, 41, 215particles, 206–213phosphorus, 167, 174–175, 200, 201,

202, 203, 204–205pollutants, 43, 50, 66

Maturation, 270Maxima, 16, 103, 120, 144, 161, 180Maximal entropy, 120McElroy, C. T., 92Measurement

field measurements, 69, 128time-series measurements, 182

Mechanisms, 92–93, 115, 125, 141, 171, 187,199–200, 202

Mediterranean Sea, 81, 83Megalobrama amblycephala, 277, 281, 292Megalobrama sp., 276Megalobrama terminalis, 277Mehta, A. J., 141, 146Meiliang Bay, 2, 23, 24, 25, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76,

77, 78, 79, 82, 83, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89,116, 118, 122, 123, 124

Meiyuan, 249Melaniidae, 269Melosira, 244, 245, 246Melosira granulata, 244, 247Melosira sp., 243Mengjin, 12Mesh sieve, 168Mesotrophic, 200, 254, 257, 259–260, 274Mesozoic, 6Metabolic products, 199, 217, 223, 224Metabolism, 197, 199, 206, 211, 212, 217Metallic elements, 194Metal smelting, 37Metazoa, 211Meteorological conditions, 230, 274Meteorological data, 101, 123MgCO3, 165Miaogang, 44, 48, 61Miaogang River, 44Michaelis constant, 199Michaelis–Menten constant, 199Michaelis–Menten dynamics, 198Microbes

microbial cell destruction, 198microbial community, 206microbial enzymes, 197microbial food web, 72, 206–207, 210,

212, 213

microbial growth, 199Microcystis flos-aquae, 243Microcyclops javanus, 256Microcystis, 164, 212, 213, 214, 217, 218,

220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 237, 243, 244,245–247, 248, 249–252, 253, 262

Microcystis aeruginosa, 204, 243, 244, 245Microcystis blooms, 212, 213, 237, 243, 246,

247, 248–249, 252, 262Microcystis flos-aquae, 243, 244, 245Microcystis pulverea, 245Microenvironment, 212, 213, 242Microeukaryotes, 206Micro- and macro-zooplankton, 198, 206Micromolar, 211Microorganism, 72, 164Microorganism communities, 164Microphytoplankton, 209Microscopic organic aggregates, 211Microzooplankton, 206Midge larvae, 274Millan-Nunez, 84Miller, W. L., 94Mineralization, 72, 141, 171, 213Minerals, 164–165, 169Ming Dynasty, 7Mississippi River, 76Mitchell, B. G., 77, 79, 84, 94Moina micrura, 256, 260Moina. rectirostris, 260Moina spp, 260, 263Moisture, 15, 182Molar ratio, 214Molecular diffusion, 171Molecular weight, 72, 76, 94, 198Mollusca, 265, 269, 271, 272, 273, 274Molluscoidea, 265Molluscs, 267Mollusks, 41, 269, 272Momentum, 130, 133Monetary value, 272Monocotyledons, 287, 298Monoester, 198Monophospholipids, 200Monsoon, 17, 137, 158, 192, 230, 262, 286

climate, 137, 192, 262climate zone, 192

Monthly precipitation, 17Moore, J. P. A., 193Moran, M. A., 94Morphologies, 1, 3, 266Morris, D. P., 72, 75, 76Mortality, 66

328 Index

Mortimer, C. H., 193Mosquito larvae, 270Mucilage, 213, 214Mucilaginous glue, 212Mucus, 211Mud, 60, 66, 157, 164, 266, 269, 270, 272Muddy flow, 50Mugil cephalus, 276Mugil soiuy, 276Mulberry bushes, 37Multiplication rate, 250M. wesenbergi, 244Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs), 93Mycosporines, 93Mylopharyngodon. piceu, 270, 276, 277, 278,

280, 292Mylopharyngodon piceus, 276, 277, 292Myriophyllum, 52Myriophyllum spicatum, 292Mytilidae, 269

NNaididae, 266Najas minor, 285, 287Nanhe River, 12Nanomolar, 211Nantaitou gate, 14National standard, 36, 283National surface water environmental quality

standard (GB3838–2002), 24–25Nauplius, 260Navicula (Bacillariophyta), 240, 243, 245, 247Navicula sp., 243Nelumbo nucifera, 289Nemathelminthes, 265Neophyte, 290Neorhynchoplax introversus, 265Neosalanx oligodontis, 276Neosalanx tanghahkeii taihuensis, 276, 277Nephthys ligebranchia, 265, 266, 271, 273Nephthys oligebranchia, 265, 266, 273Net-box culture, 280Net-enclosed areas, 279Net-harvesting, 272Netherlands, 90Net-pen aquaculture, 47, 57, 63, 229, 282Net-pen culture, 229, 280, 282–284Net-pen facilities, 282Net-pen fish farms, 273Net-pens, 62, 63, 279, 283–284NIGLAS, 23Nitrate content, 171Nitrogen, 23, 24, 28, 29, 30, 32, 36, 39, 40,

41, 50, 62, 63, 72, 124, 130, 166, 167,

182, 183, 184, 185, 188, 191, 192, 200,206, 215, 216, 230, 245, 246, 250, 251,252–253, 270, 282

Nonalgal particulates, 69, 70, 77–80, 81–82,84, 85–86, 89–90

Nonoverlapping index, 51Non-point source pollution, 42Novaculima chinensis, 265, 269, 273N:P ratio, 197, 200, 202Numerical simulation, 115, 122, 128Nursery habitats, 279Nutrient circulation, 39Nutrient competition, 230Nutrient concentrations, 182, 183, 184–187,

188, 193, 231, 239, 246, 249Nutrient content, 40–41, 156–157, 166–167,

168Nutrient cycles, 152Nutrient exchange flux, 188Nutrient intake, 197Nutrient levels, 43, 282Nutrient loading, 43, 182–187, 192, 194Nutrient release, 115, 116, 141, 173–174, 177,

184, 187–188, 191, 192–193, 194Nutrient status, 199, 206, 274Nylon sieve, 178Nymphaea tetragona, 285Nymphoides peltatum, 47, 48, 52, 53, 56, 59,

63, 287, 289, 290

OO2, 213Observation platform, 182Obstruction, 278Occasions, 123, 182, 254, 259, 276Occluded phosphate, 175Ochromonas mutabilis, 243Odonata, 265Odontobutis obscure, 277Okeechobee Lake, 145Oligochaetes, 266, 270Oligotrichida, 262Oligotrophic lakes, 94, 231Oligotrophic sea water, 202Olsen-P content, 179Onychonema, 244Ophiocephalus argus, 277Opportunity, 51, 192Optical constituents, 69–70, 88Optical density, 72, 215, 216, 219, 220, 221,

222, 223, 224Optimum Ph, 198Oral ball, 269

Index 329

Organic aggregates, 210–211Organic carbon, 41, 60, 72, 73, 75, 88, 94, 167,

206–207, 212, 214, 215, 216, 223, 283Organic colloids, 172Organic detritus, 184, 198, 211, 256, 259, 263Organic lecithoid, 218Organic matter

nitrogen, 23, 41, 215particles, 206–213phosphorus, 167, 174–175, 200, 201, 202,

203, 204–205pollutants, 43, 50, 66

Organic-P, 169, 171Organic pollution index, CODMn, 23, 24, 25,

32, 35, 36, 37, 50, 64, 65, 283Organic sediment, 290Organic suspended matter (OSM), 81, 88Organism, 92–93, 169, 171, 198, 209–210,

211–212, 217, 229, 240, 252, 256, 265,270

Origin, 6, 198Orographic rain, 15Orthogonal test, 214Orthophosphate, 200, 217Oscillatoria (Cyanophyta), 245, 246Oscillatoria sp., 243Outgoing flow, 20, 22, 61Outlet, 7, 8–9, 11, 13, 50, 74–75Outlet capacity, 11Output, 21, 35, 36–37, 39, 62–63, 94, 158, 264,

279, 280Output courses, 158Overall catches, 280Overbeck, 197, 199–200Over-consumption, 36Overlying water, 157, 164, 165, 166, 168,

171–175, 176–177, 183–184, 187–188,191, 192–194

Overview, 166Oxidation, 73, 164, 178–180, 182, 193, 292Oxidation-reduction potential (Eh), 182Oxides, 188, 193–194Oxygen, 25, 36, 52, 66, 72, 95, 129, 179, 188,

194, 231, 232, 233, 235, 271Ozone absorption, 97–98

PP activity, 171–172210Pb, 7, 152, 153Paddy field, 28, 40Paired t test, 209Palaemon modestus, 270, 274Palamoretes sp., 274

Palamortes sinensis, 270Paleochannel, 158Pang, P., 116, 128, 129Papermaking, 37, 38, 39Paper mill, 273Parabramis pekinensis, 277Parabramis sp., 276, 278, 280, 282Parameter, 25, 69–70, 80, 81, 89, 92, 95, 97,

100, 101, 109, 116, 143–144, 161, 163,172, 184, 201, 211, 215

Parapodia, 266Parasilurus asotus, 192, 276, 277, 278–280Paris, M. V., 97Partheniades, E., 141Particle agglutination, 211Particles, 72, 87, 103, 107, 141, 144, 154, 160,

186, 188, 191, 193, 206, 210–211Particle size analyzer, 160Particulate organic matter (POM), 207, 210,

290Particulate phosphorus (sestonic P), 199, 200,

217–218P concentrations, 171, 180, 182, 184, 191, 193,

194, 201, 202, 204, 221, 230, 251, 253P contents, 168, 169, 171, 179Pectin, 249Pediastrum, 245–247Peeper pore water samplers, 165Pelagic bacteria, 206–207, 212Pelagic microbes, 199Pelagic region, 285, 287, 290Pellet fish food, 280Pen culture, 169, 178, 279, 280Pen-culture fishery, 41, 57, 169, 178, 181Peptone-N, 215–216Peptone nitrogen, 215, 216Perimeter, 280Peritrichida, 262Perras, J. P., 197Perspective, 152Pesticide, 39Petroleum refining, 37Petterson, K., 199P exchange, 168P fixed with Al, 169, 172P fixed with Fe, 169, 171, 172P forms, 168, 169, 170, 171, 182P geochemistry, 172ph, 76, 94, 164–165, 171, 179, 198, 213, 292Phenomena, 168, 193Phoradendron flavescens, 285Phosphatase, 197–200, 202–205, 225–227,

251, 293

330 Index

Phosphate, 169, 173–174, 180, 190, 192,198–199, 205, 214–216, 218

Phospholipid, 198–200Phosphorus

concentration, 176, 177, 179, 197,199–200, 202–203, 204, 215, 220

cycle, 179, 197, 200–201inhibition, 197release, 173–174, 178–179, 217–218, 220saturation, 180sorption, 175standard solution, 179

Phosphorus adsorption capacity (PAC),176–177, 180

Phosphorus adsorption saturation (PAS),178–181

Phosphorus release, 173–174, 178–179,217–218, 220

Photochemical degradation, 72, 94Photodegradation, 75Photoinhibition, 236Photoproducts, 72Photosynthesis, 57, 92, 94–95, 204, 213, 230,

236, 238, 239, 250–251Photosynthetically available radiation (PAR),

87–89, 93, 94, 97, 101–103, 104, 236,238

Photosynthetic capacity, 166Photosynthetic efficiency, 250–251Phragmites communis, 48–49, 52, 53, 56, 58,

59, 285, 288, 289Phyla, 240Physicochemical characteristics, 191Phytoplankton

alkaline phosphatase activity (PAPA), 200,201, 202, 203

biomass, 230, 231, 234, 237, 245, 246–247,248, 290

blooms, 231Phytoplankton community structure, 240–241Picophytoplankton, 210Pico-plankton, 206, 209Pigments, 77, 82, 84, 90, 95, 230Pingtaishan Island (Pingtai Mountain), 1, 259Ping, Z. L., 91Pioneers, 291Piscivorous fishes, 284Places, 154, 286Plains, 11, 12, 13, 15, 17, 19Plankton, 164, 178, 199, 211, 269

net, 178Planorbidae, 269Planting, 44, 60

Plantsdebris, 44remnants, 284roots, 169

Plarafossurulus sinensis, 269Platyhelminthes, 265Plecoptera, 265Pleiopods, 270Pleistocene, 6Pleurotaenium, 244Plußsee, 199Polaemon modestus, 270Pollutants, 25, 27–28, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 37,

39, 43, 50, 66, 151, 291Pollution

aggregates, 282monitoring, 265-resistant species, 274

Polyarthra, 260Polyarthra spp, 256, 262Polycarbohydrate, 249Polychaeta, 265, 266Polygonum hydropiper, 287Polygonum lapathifolium, 287Polyinorganic phosphorus, 204Polymers, 197Polyphosphate, 199Polypylis hemisphaerula, 269Polysaccharide, 221Pomeroy, 206Pondage, 20, 21Pond culture, 280, 282Pondweed, 262Pools, 259Population, 27, 36, 83, 84, 92, 151, 198, 209,

211, 215, 248, 257, 272–273, 276, 278,284, 292

Population structure, 84, 92, 276Poresizes, 198, 200Pore water, 165–166, 168, 171–172, 183–184,

188, 191Pore water carbonate system, 165Porifera, 265Porosity, 161–164, 182, 191Porter, K. G., 206–207Posch, T., 207, 210Position, 256, 278Potamogeton crispus, 285Potamogeton maackianus, 47, 48, 49, 50, 52,

53, 56, 58, 59, 285–286, 288–290Potamogeton maackianus A. Benn, 47, 53Potamogeton malaianus, 55–57, 60, 286, 287,

289, 290

Index 331

Potamogeton malaisnus, 283Potassium, 39–40, 182Potential release, 156Poultry culture, 40Poyang Lake, 22Practicability, 156Precipitation, 8–10, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22,

30, 31, 32, 33, 261Predominance, 278Prevailing winds, 2, 128Prieur, L., 91Primary consumers, 277Primary production, 84, 94–96, 115, 141, 198,

206, 208, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233–234,235, 237–239

Primary productivity, 72, 92, 94–96, 238Primary treatment tanks, 27Process

evolutionary process, 276hydrodynamic process, 141, 151–152, 191hydrological process, 249

Productionagricultural production, 24, 37fishery production, 278livestock and poultry production, 28–30machinery production, 37primary production, 84, 94–96, 115, 141,

198, 206, 208, 229, 230, 231, 232,233–234, 235, 237–239

Productivity, 24, 39, 57, 72, 92, 94–96, 209,238

Profiler, 6, 152Profundal region, 290Programs, 276Properties

apparent optical properties (AOPs), 69,85–90

inherent optical properties (IOPs), 69–70,71–84

Proportion, 32, 35, 37, 39, 50, 70, 102–103,104, 193, 200–201, 203, 250, 274, 277

Protecting hydrophytes, 151Protein, 221Protosalanx hyalocranius, 276, 277Protozoa, 41, 198, 210, 211, 249, 254, 255,

256, 258–259, 260, 262–263, 283Protozoans preying, 198Pseudobagrus fulvidraco, 277Pseudomonas sp. X, 217–224Pudong, 5Pure water, 69, 70, 71, 86–87, 97, 107, 257Purifying ability, 40Puxi, 5

Pyramid, 270Pyrenees, 93Pyrrophyta, 240, 243

QQianggang river (Qiantang River), 6, 52Qiao, S. L., 116, 145Qin, B. Q., 23, 36, 116, 117, 122, 128, 130,

141, 146, 182, 188, 191, 262Qin, X. M., 215Qin, Y. S., 91Qiputang River, 13Qualitative analysis, 185Quantitative filter technique (QFT), 77Quantity, 40, 100, 106, 154, 155, 246, 249,

254, 256, 257, 260, 262, 263, 272, 273,278, 279, 280, 282

Quaternary loess, 153Quaternary period, 157Quaternary silt clay, 157

RRadix, 369Radula, 269Rainfall, 8, 15, 18, 30Range, 8, 51, 73, 74, 75, 77, 79, 81, 84, 87,

89–90, 93, 134, 154, 167, 207, 208,210, 212, 230, 231, 235, 236, 253, 273

Raterespiration rates, 206sedimentation rate, 7–8, 151–152,

153–156, 210, 211, 290survival rate, 279

Ratio, 17, 22, 37, 39–40, 69–70, 76, 86, 88,89–90, 93, 100, 162, 194, 197, 200,201, 202, 211, 214, 215, 253, 283

Rayleigh, 97, 98, 102Reactive oxygen species, 72Reclamation, 8, 10, 57, 60, 62–63, 66, 280, 282Recreation, 175Reddy, K. R., 193Redox potential, 171, 172, 292Redox states, 166Redox value, 166Reed, 47, 52Reestablishment, 272, 290–291Reganisalanx brachyrostratis, 276, 277–278,

279Regeneration, 198Region

low plain region, 2–3, 4–5massif region, 2, 4, 5pelagic region, 285, 287, 290profundal region, 290

332 Index

Regional economy, 14, 36Regulation, 8, 10, 12, 14, 290Reichardt, W., 197, 198, 202Reim, R. L., 214Relationship, 69, 72, 80, 81–83, 91, 92, 94, 99,

108–109, 120, 121, 146, 152, 171, 174,178, 184, 186, 187, 202–205, 206–207,210, 213, 214, 217, 223, 233, 237, 250,262, 278–279

Release-deposition, 171scenarios, 192

Remote sensing, 70, 72, 84, 89, 97Removal, 43, 63, 165, 187Reoxygenation, 194Reproduction, 260–262, 273Research

Annals of Taihu Laboratory for LakeEcosystem Research, 230

Taihu Laboratory for Lake EcosystemResearch (TLLER), 23, 25, 135, 178,192, 229, 230, 231, 233, 237, 263, 291

Reservoir, 13, 20, 128, 151Residence time, 160Residues, 169Resources

drinking water resource, 249Respiration, 206, 211–213, 231, 232, 234, 236,

266Respiration rates, 206Restaurant waste, 259Restoration, 7, 36, 152, 157, 290–291Restrictions, 279Results, 6, 9, 17, 24, 25, 44, 60, 72, 81, 82, 87,

88, 90, 93, 95, 106, 120, 128, 129–130,132, 136, 137, 139–140, 141, 157, 159,166, 167, 168, 169, 171, 172, 173, 177,192, 218, 232, 237–239

Resuspension, 60, 115, 116, 140, 141,143–147, 151, 157, 159, 161, 163, 168,171, 173–174, 186, 188, 192, 193, 194,236, 239, 263, 290, 292

Re-suspension potential, 157, 159, 161, 163Retention, 6, 7, 8, 10, 277

time, 7, 8, 277Revenue, 36, 279Rhee, G. Y., 198Rice, 27, 28, 37, 39, 40Rice terraces, 37Richardson, L. L., 213Ridges, 20, 280Riemann, B., 209Riverbanks, 11

River banks, 287Riverbeds, 158River channel, 158River courses, 152River crab, 29, 280, 283River mouth, 25, 44, 46, 50, 60, 61, 64, 66, 74,

154, 201, 207, 208, 209, 210, 212, 230,231

River net density, 11River plume, 230Rivers

Baiqugang River, 13Beixi rivers, 12Caoqiao River, 12, 32, 34Changdougang river, 12, 116Changdugang river, 15Changjiang River, 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 12, 13, 15,

22Changshan river, 14Changxinggang River, 12, 16, 34Dapugang River, 7, 12, 14Daqiangang River, 12Dongtiaoxi River, 11–12, 13–14, 15, 34East Tiaoxi River, 11Guajinggang River, 13Guajingkou river, 61Haiyantang River, 14Hexixingang River, 12Hongxianggang River, 12, 14Huangpujiang River, 12, 13–14, 15Huangpu River, 5Jiapugang River, 12Lanlugang River, 13Liangxi River, 7, 13, 14, 74, 123, 130, 158,

230, 245, 271, 274Lihe River, 14Liugang River, 14Lujiagang River, 44Miaogang River, 44Mississippi River, 76Nanhe River, 12Qianggang river (Qiantang River), 6, 52Qiputang River, 13Shaoxianggang River, 12, 14Shatanggang River, 14Taipu River, 13–14, 15, 44–46, 60, 61, 66Tiaoxi River, 11–12, 158, 160Wangyu River, 7, 13, 15, 158Wujinggang River, 5, 13, 14Wujinggang–Zhihugang river, 11, 13Wulougang River, 7, 11Wusongjiang River, 13, 15, 158Wusongjiang River, 13, 15, 158

Index 333

Wuyicaohe rivers, 12Wuyicaohe rivers, 12Xiaomeigang River, 12Xietang River, 13Xihe River, 13Xindugang Rivers, 14Xinkaihe river, 52Xinliu River, 13Xitiaoxi River, 4, 11–12, 15Xujiang River, 158Xujiang River, 158Yangjiapugang River, 12Yangtze River, 6, 152, 257, 262, 265, 273,

276, 278Yanguan River, 14Yanguanshanghe River, 14Yanguanxiahe River, 14Yili River, 4, 11, 12, 13, 158Yincungang River, 12, 14Youtang River, 12Youtang River, 12Yuhuitang rivers, 13Zhihugang River, 11, 13, 14, 16, 25, 32, 34,

74, 230, 245Zhujiang River, 81, 83

Rivkin, R. B., 198Rochelle-Newall, E. J., 72, 75Rock, 153Role, 14, 43, 84, 86, 87, 88–89, 151, 172, 193,

206, 211, 213, 217, 230, 240, 254, 262,263, 270

Rotaria rotatoria, 256Rotifers, 252, 254, 256, 258–259, 260, 263Routes, 211Runoff, 13–14, 15, 16, 17, 20, 21, 28, 30, 40Rural townships enterprises, 39Ruttenberg, K. C., 168

SSagittaria pygmaea, 287Sagittaria sagittifolia, 287Salts, 165Salvinia natans, 287, 289Sampling cores, 169–170Sampling locations, 153, 259Sampling protocol, 247Sampling sites, 73, 74, 78, 160, 162, 173, 175,

178, 182, 183, 201, 257, 258, 267Sand input, 153Sandy substrates, 269Sanitary sewage, 30Sanriku, 84Sanshan Island, 244

Sargasso Sea, 83Sasaki, H., 79, 84Sathyendranath, S., 83, 91, 94Saturation, 95, 178, 180Scattering

coefficient, 69–71, 89, 105Scenedesmus abundans, 244Scenedesmus arcuatus, 244Scenedesmus bijuga, 244Scenedesmus brasilliensis, 244Scenedesmus cavinatus, 244Scenedesmus (Chlorophyta), 245Scenedesmus denticulatus, 244Scenedesmus javaensis, 244Scenedesmus perforatus, 244Scenedesmus platydiscus, 244Schindler, D. W., 200Schmackeria inopinus, 256Scintillation, 152Scytonemins, 93S. dimorpha, 244Secchi disk, 90Secondary pollution, 62Secondary and tertiary industry, 24Section, 14, 25, 101, 117, 162, 178, 230Sediment

cores, 159–160, 164, 168, 169, 172, 182,191

density, 144, 147depth, 147, 163, 169, 171, 188, 193gases, 187mass, 163particulates, 165pore water, 168, 171–172, 183–184, 188porosity, 164, 191resuspension, 115, 116, 140, 141–142,

143–147, 151, 163, 187, 192–193, 194,236, 239, 263, 292

resuspension potential, 159, 161thickness, 156–157transformation, 175traps, 154

Sedimentationhistory, 152mechanisms, 171rate, 7–8, 151–152, 153–156, 210, 211, 290

Sediment–water interface, 147, 151–152, 157,165, 173–177, 179, 185, 187, 188, 189,190, 193–194

Sediment-water mixture, 176Seeds, 270Semisulcospira cancellata, 269Separation, 165

334 Index

Seritti, A., 75Seston, 198, 290The 7th 5-year plan, 229Sewage

city sewage, 242domestic sewage, 27, 30, 32, 35, 36, 66,

245, 258, 259sanitary sewage, 30sewage treatment plants, 41urban sewage, 27, 41urban sewage treatment plants, 41

Sexual maturity, 272S. guadricauda, 244Shaker incubator, 173, 176Shanahan, P., 141Shanghai, 13, 14–15, 17, 18, 19, 25, 27, 36, 43,

66Shanks, A. L., 210Shaoxianggang river, 12, 14Shape, 11, 15, 46, 50, 144, 211, 214, 242, 249Shatanggang River, 14Shear forces, 173Shear stress, 140, 141, 142, 143, 145–147Shellfish, 282Shell heights, 269Shell length, 272Sheng, Y. P., 132, 133, 141–142, 147Sherr, B. F., 206, 207, 210Sherr, E. B., 206, 207, 210Shipping

agricultural shipping, 63Shipping pollution, 30

Shoals, 2Shore

shoreline, 3, 14–15, 133, 249, 269, 280zone, 1, 270, 278

Shrimps, 52, 270–271, 274, 277Siantang, 12Sida crystallina, 256Silkworms, 37Silt

clay, 152, 157, 159, 160deposition, 61, 154

Siltation, 8, 156, 291Silting, 7–10Silt sand, 159–160Silurus asotus, 276, 277, 280, 292Silver carp, 279, 281Silverfish, 272Simon, M., 211Simulations, 69–109, 115, 122, 128–129, 137,

139, 140, 141, 148–149, 173, 193, 238,250, 262

Siniperca chuatsi, 277–278, 284Siniperca schorzeri, 278Sinks, 151Sinocalanus dorrii, 256, 260Sites

sampling sites, 73, 74, 78, 160, 162, 173,175, 178, 182, 183, 201, 257, 258, 267

spawning sites, 279Size, 11, 37, 109, 128, 141, 144–145, 147, 151,

158, 159–161, 162, 182, 198, 200, 203,206–207, 210, 211, 226, 242, 249, 251,260, 263, 265, 272, 278–280

Slavina appendiculata, 266Slow current, 239, 263Sluice gates, 15, 20Smith, R. C., 71, 93, 94, 236Snails, 266, 269–270, 272, 274S. oboiquus, 244Soil erosion, 28, 30, 31, 32, 33, 161Soil erosion, 28, 30, 31, 32, 33, 161Soil evaporation, 19Solar radiation, 70, 95, 97, 101,

102, 262Solecurtidae, 269Solid- and liquid-phase sediments, 165Solid-phase components, 165Soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP), 183Sommaruga, 93, 220Søndergaard, 212–213, 220Song Dynasties, 7SonTek Doppler current meter, 182Sorghum sudanensa, 280Sorokin, Y. I., 207, 209, 211Sorption, 173–174, 175, 176–177, 186Sosik, H. M., 79, 84Source

carbon source, 223domestic pollution sources, 27, 29drinking water resource, 249industrial pollution sources, 27internal sources, 151, 156

Southeast central lake, 168Southeastern Taihu Bay, 155Southern Mashan, 188, 189, 190Spatial heterogeneity, 152Spawning sites, 279Species

species composition, 55, 240, 244, 255,260, 265–266, 271–274, 285–286, 287,290

submerged species, 286, 287Specific gravity, 182Spectral absorption, 73

Index 335

Spectrophotometer, 72, 77, 182Sphaerium lacustre, 269Spinrad, R. W., 70Spirogyra, 50, 63Splenacae, 269Squaliobarbus curriculus, 277SRP, 183, 188, 192, 193–194Static conditions, 188, 189, 190Statistics, 29, 100, 193Status, 44–54, 151, 198, 199, 206, 256, 265,

274Staurastrum, 244Steady state, 166Stedmon, 73, 76Steep rise, 178Stems, 270, 290Stenothyra globra, 270, 271Stentor polymorphus, 256, 259Stewart, A. G., 198Still water, 238, 239, 263Stipa tenacissima, 285Stockner, J. G., 206Stolzenbach, K. D., 213Stoppage, 9Storage, 8–10, 19, 22, 43, 178, 200Storage capacity, 19, 43Storm-induced disturbances, 115Storms, 44, 60, 63, 115, 116Strains, 214Stratification, 115, 128, 140Stratifying, 167Strength, 75, 147, 174, 177, 187, 252Structure

enzyme structure, 198phytoplankton community structure,

240–241population structure, 84, 92, 276

Stuart, V., 84Sub-bottom profilers, 6, 152Submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV), 52, 72,

75, 252, 285, 286, 287, 288–289, 292Submerged macrophyte-dominated lake, 165Submerged macrophytes, 57, 266, 269, 285,

287, 290Submerged plant community, 55Submerged plants, 47, 51, 55, 57, 60, 61Subsidence, 6Substance exchange, 43, 93, 245, 266, 269,

274Substrate, 199, 200, 236, 266, 269Subunits, 198

Succession, 57, 60–61, 237, 240, 245–246,248, 260–263, 265–271, 285, 286,287–289, 291–292

Su, J., 91Sun elevation angle, 70Sun, S. C., 1, 6–7, 23, 152, 153–155, 158, 159,

160, 192, 194, 273Sun, W. H., 129Sun, X. J., 192Superphosphate, 169Surface layer, 107, 143, 171, 178, 236, 249,

282–283Surface mud, 157Surface sampling, 159Surface sediment particles, 188Surface water, 15, 24, 25, 89, 90, 95, 230, 231,

236, 283quality, 25

Surge, 169, 282Surirella, 244Surrounding environment, 200Survey, 6, 20, 22, 49, 145, 152, 154, 229, 245,

285, 286, 287Survey monitoring, 22Survival rate, 279Suspended matter, 72, 77–84, 86, 88, 89, 91,

95, 107, 109, 158, 234, 236, 253particulates, 80

Suspended organic detritus, 184Suspended particulate organic matter, 210Suspended particulates, 78, 93, 97, 152, 210Suspended sediment particles, 188Suspended solid (SS), 146, 182, 185–187, 188,

260, 262, 263, 292Sustainable development, 36, 62Su-Xi-Chang, 14Suzhou city, 25, 29Suzhou shoreline, 15Suzhou-Wuxi-Changzhou, 14Suzuki, K., 84Swamp/swamping, 43, 44–46, 51–52, 53–54,

55, 57, 60, 61, 62, 63, 66Swift, E., 198Symphytum sp., 242Synedra, 244, 247

TTaige canal, 12, 13, 14, 25, 32, 34Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem

Research (TLLER), 23, 25, 135, 178,192, 229, 230, 231, 233, 237, 263, 291

Taipu River, 13–14, 15, 44–46, 60, 61, 66Tang Dynasty (430–479 A. C.), 7

336 Index

Tanshan Mountain, 2Tanypus spp, 270Tao-Ge (Lake Tao and Lake Ge), 4–5TAPA, 200–201, 202–204Tap water, 249Tassan, S., 70, 89Taxa, 243, 246, 255, 265, 275, 289TDN, 251Tectonics, 6Temporal-spatial distribution, 289Tendipedidae larvae, 272Terrapins, 269Tertiary industry, 24, 259Tevini, M., 92Thickness, 7, 101, 105, 143, 156, 157, 2903D hydrodynamic model, 128, 1293D ultrasonic current meter, 123Threshold, 199, 200, 202–203, 205, 251

concentration, 203Tianmu Mountain, 4, 11–12, 15, 17Tiaoxi diversion river, 5Tiaoxi River, 11–12, 158, 160Tideland, 274, 278, 279, 287, 291Time-series measurements, 182Tintinnopsis spp, 256, 260, 262TN, see Total nitrogen (TN)TN/TP, 253Topography, 1, 44–45, 129, 131, 139–140Total catch, 264, 277, 278–279, 282Total inorganic nitrogen concentration (TIN),

23Total nitrogen (TN), 23, 24, 28, 29, 30, 32, 36,

40–41, 124, 166, 167, 182, 185, 188,191, 245, 246, 252, 253, 270

Total organic carbon (TOC), 60, 283Total organic matter (TOM), 182Total particulate phosphorus, 199Total phosphorus (TP), 23, 166, 167, 182, 185,

187, 191, 200, 253Total suspended matter (TSM), 72, 80, 81, 88,

91, 234, 253Total suspended particulates, 78, 93Tour gauging, 20Tourism, 29, 30, 31, 33, 245, 259Tracbiidermus fasciatu, 276Trace amounts, 249Transition, 47, 52, 138, 140, 163, 164–165,

291Transition depth, 164Transition zone, 47, 163Transparency, 24, 50, 55–56, 60, 65, 66,

90–92, 115, 141, 182, 234, 237, 242,

245, 252–253, 260, 262–263, 282, 290,291–292

Transportation, 11, 164Trapa incise, 56Trapa incisa, 47, 48, 53, 59, 285, 288Treatment, 27, 36, 41–42, 156, 157, 223, 259,

263Trend, 19, 24, 55, 65, 120, 136, 153, 154, 156,

165, 184, 194, 260, 283Trent, D., 210Tributaries, 287Trichoptera, 265Trombidium viride, 256TSM, 72, 80, 81, 88–89, 90, 91–92, 234, 236,

239, 252, 253, 263Tuanjiu, 12Tubifex cathayensis, 266Tubificidae, 266Tuoshan (Tuo Mountain), 244, 248Turbid, 76, 86, 92, 258Turbidity, 129, 231, 237, 282, 290Turbulence, 130, 187, 1922-D model, 128–130Typhoons, 262

UUlothrix, 246Ultraviolet, 71, 74–75, 87, 94, 102, 230, 236Underwater

irradiance, 85, 93, 105, 107–108, 234,236–237

lightclimate, 115, 141field, 71, 97

radiation, 84, 92Unioninae, 269Upper stream, 273Upstream, 4, 11, 28Upsurge, 282Upward irradiance, 70, 89, 108Urbanization, 24, 36, 252, 291–292Urban sewage, 27, 41

treatment plants, 41Urine, 28, 29, 30Utricularia aurea, 285Under-layer, 161, 167

VVallisneria natans, 283, 285Variance analysis, 214Velocity

flow velocity, 266wind velocity, 101, 107, 125, 158

Index 337

Vertical profiles, 161, 162–163, 167, 168, 170,182, 183–184, 185

Vesicle, 213Vibro spp, 213Vincent, W. F., 77Vlag, D. P., 141Vodacek, A., 94Vorticella aequilata, 256, 259, 262

WWang, H. Z., 6, 129Wang, Q. Q., 116, 128–129, 130, 139Wang, T. J., 193Wang, Y. Q., 134Wangting Bay, 270Wangyu River, 7, 13, 15, 158Waste water, 39

treatment, 36, 41, 259Water

balance, 15, 20–22clarity, 50color, 70, 72, 84, 89, 115column, 95–96, 115, 128, 129, 135,

183–184, 185–186, 188, 191, 193, 208,230, 231, 237, 238, 239, 249–250, 254,266

conservancy construction, 61consumption, 20, 22, 36–37, 38content, 161–164, 172, 177cycle, 14demand, 37depth, 4, 51, 96, 107–108, 116, 120, 131,

140, 142, 143–146, 182, 184, 285,291–292

exchange, 22, 123–124, 151–194flow, 44, 50, 52, 57, 60, 63, 136, 262, 282grasses, 282level, 1, 5, 8–10, 14, 19–20, 43, 52, 56,

115, 123, 129, 132, 135–137, 140, 252,262, 265, 273, 290

lice, 269recharge coefficient, 22recycling utilization ratio, 37resource regulation, 14surface evaporation, 19systems, 11, 13, 37temperature, 182, 188, 230, 232, 234,

235–237, 249, 250–251, 260, 262transport, 36turbulence, 187

Water–air interfaces, 115Water body, 24, 27, 29–30, 40–41, 51, 95,

97–108, 115, 132, 256–257, 274

Watercourse, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 20Water-leaving radiance, 70Water-logged depressions, 153Waterlogging, 6–7, 13Water quality

evaluation, 265improvement, 157monitoring, 24

Water–sediment interface, 115Watershed, 151Waterway, 7, 36Wave

flume, 143, 191height, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 142,

143–144, 145, 146, 192spectrum, 120–121waveflume experiments, 191wavelength, 71–73, 75–76, 78, 79, 80, 81,

84, 85–87, 89, 98, 102, 107, 108, 117,142, 143–144, 145, 236

Weidemann, A. D., 77Wen, S. C., 120Western subarctic Gyre, 84West Lake, 45, 50, 52, 55, 61, 173, 262West Tiaoxi River, 11Wetlands, 289, 291–292Wet weight, 177, 206, 209Wetzel, R. G., 187, 198, 204–205Wharf area, 269Williamson, C. E., 72, 92–93Wind

activity, 177direction, 116, 118, 120, 124, 125, 129,

136, 138–140, 182, 230, 247fetch, 61, 116, 158, 183gusts, 194intensities, 182speed, 100, 116, 118, 120, 121, 124, 125,

126, 129–130, 136, 137, 142, 143, 146,182–183, 184–186, 192, 193, 246, 249

stresses, 132, 139, 186–187waves, 57, 79–80, 82, 85, 88, 92, 100,

106–107, 116, 151, 157–158, 161, 168,169, 174

Wind-driven currents, 115, 128–129Wind-induced waves, 44, 290, 291–292Wind-stressed disturbances, 193Wind-wave activity, 188Wind-wave disturbance, 188Wind-wave events, 154Wissman, F., 6Witmania pigra, 269Worm, J., 212–213, 220

338 Index

Wu, C. H., 217–218Wu, G. F., 173Wu, J., 128, 129Wu, Q. L., 23, 273, 276, 282, 283Wu, S. C., 249Wu, X. W., 229, 254Wu, Y. F., 152, 173Wuchang, 257Wuguishan Island, 116, 120, 125Wujing county, 25Wujinggang River, 5, 13, 14Wujinggang-Xicheng, 5, 13Wujinggang–Zhihugang river, 11, 13Wuli Bay, 3, 14–15, 16, 23, 24, 77–79, 82, 153,

154, 167, 173–175, 176–177, 189, 190,229, 230, 240, 242–243, 244, 247, 248,252, 254, 256, 257, 258–259, 262, 266,268, 271, 274, 275, 292

Wulougang River, 7, 11Wuloukou, 7Wusongjiang River, 13, 15, 158Wuxi City, 5, 11, 13, 24, 25, 36–37, 38, 39,

40–41, 97, 242, 245, 249Wuxigang, 14, 34Wuyicaohe rivers, 12Wynne, D., 198, 202

XXanthophyta, 240Xiaomeigang River, 12Xiaomeikou, 12, 135, 136, 158, 159, 160–161,

273Xicheng Canal, 5, 13Xiegang, 64, 66Xietang River, 13Xihe River, 13Xindugang Rivers, 14Xinkaihe river, 52Xinliu River, 13Xishan Island, 19, 55, 129, 153, 158, 287Xitiaoxi River, 4, 11–12, 15Xu, G., 23Xu, M., 142Xu, P. Z., 11Xu, S. Y., 6Xue, B., 152–153Xuekou Bay, 270Xujiang River, 158Xukon Bay, 153

YYangcheng-Dianliu, 5Yang, H. R., 6Yangjiapugang River, 12

Yang, D. T., 229Yang, L. Y., 206, 291Yang, P., 95, 97, 101, 102, 103, 104, 108Yang, Q. X., 43, 248, 260, 283Yangtze Delta, 265, 273Yangtze River, 6, 152, 257, 262, 265, 273, 276,

278Yanguan gate, 14Yanguan River, 14Yanguanshanghe River, 14Yanguanxiahe River, 14Yan, Q. S., 6Yili River, 4, 11, 12, 13, 158Yincungang River, 12, 14Yin, D. Q., 173Yixing, 14, 19, 25, 135Youtang River, 12Yuanxiejing, 13Yuecheng, 25Yu, H., 95Yu, Y. S., 194Yu, Z. W., 120Yuhang, 12Yuhuitang rivers, 13Yunnan Province, 6

ZZ. catifolia, 285Zepp, R. G., 94“Zero point action”, 25Zhang, J. S., 142Zhang, L., 165, 166, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177,

180, 182, 193Zhang, Q. Y., 133Zhang, S. Z., 289Zhang, W. H., 116Zhang, Y. L., 69, 72, 75, 90, 97, 229, 237Zhao, Y. Z., 213Zhapu, 5Zhejiang Province, 4, 12, 17, 19, 20, 43Zhihugang River, 11, 13, 14, 16, 25, 32, 34, 74,

230, 245Zhijinggang, 64, 66Zhou, W. P., 240Zhou, X. Y., 199Zhou, Y. Y., 199Zhou, Z. Y., 213, 217Zhu, G. W., 151, 156, 157, 159, 167, 180, 182,

194Zhu, J. H., 81Zhu, S. Q., 276Zhu, Y. C., 128, 129, 249Zhu, Y. H., 129

Index 339

Zhudugang, 14Zhujiang River, 81, 83Zhushan Bay, 2, 158, 189, 190, 256, 259, 266,

273, 274, 286, 290Zizania caduuciflora, 283–284Zizania latifolia, 43–44, 45, 47, 50, 52, 55–57,

60, 61, 63, 66, 286–292

Zizania latifolia Turcz, 43, 46, 48, 49, 50, 53,56, 58, 59, 60

Zoobenthos, 265, 266, 267, 268, 270, 271–275

Zooplankton

community, 254, 256, 260

Zou, J. Z., 215