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Question 1
Animation: Applying Thevenin’s theorem
This question consists of a series of images (one per page) that form an animation. Flip the pages withyour fingers to view this animation (or click on the ”next” button on your viewer) frame-by-frame.
The following animation shows the steps involved in ”Thevenizing” a circuit.
1
RloadR1
R2
R3
18 V
10 kΩ
12 kΩ
14 kΩ
We may use Thevenin’s theoremto simplify this portion of the circuit . . .
4
Rload
We may use Thevenin’s theoremto simplify this portion of the circuit . . .
R1
R2
R3
18 V
10 kΩ
12 kΩ
14 kΩ
5
Rload
We may use Thevenin’s theoremto simplify this portion of the circuit . . .
R1
R2
R3
18 V
10 kΩ
12 kΩ
14 kΩ
6
Rload
We may use Thevenin’s theoremto simplify this portion of the circuit . . .
R1
R2
R3
18 V
10 kΩ
12 kΩ
14 kΩ
7
RloadR1
R2
R3
18 V
10 kΩ
12 kΩ
14 kΩ
VTH
RTH
. . . to which we may attachthe same load and analyze.
11
RloadR1
R2
R3
18 V
10 kΩ
12 kΩ
14 kΩ
VTH
RTH
. . . to which we may attachthe same load and analyze.
Rload
12
RloadR1
R2
R3
18 V
10 kΩ
12 kΩ
14 kΩ
VTH
RTH
. . . to which we may attachthe same load and analyze.
Rload
13
RloadR1
R2
R3
18 V
10 kΩ
12 kΩ
14 kΩ
VTH
RTH
. . . to which we may attachthe same load and analyze.
Rload
14
RloadR1
R2
R3
18 V
10 kΩ
12 kΩ
14 kΩ
VTH
RTH
. . . to which we may attachthe same load and analyze.
Rload
15
Rload
R1
R2
R3
18 V
10 kΩ
12 kΩ
14 kΩ
VTH
RTH
Then we calculate howmuch voltage appearsacross the open load
terminals.
22
Rload
R1
R2
R3
18 V
10 kΩ
12 kΩ
14 kΩ
VTH
RTH
Then we calculate howmuch voltage appearsacross the open load
terminals.+
V-
23
Rload
R1
R2
R3
18 V
10 kΩ
12 kΩ
14 kΩ
VTH
RTH
Then we calculate howmuch voltage appearsacross the open load
terminals.+
V-
24
Rload
R1
R2
R3
18 V
10 kΩ
12 kΩ
14 kΩ
VTH
RTH
Then we calculate howmuch voltage appearsacross the open load
terminals.+
V- (18 volts)
10 kΩ
(14 kΩ + 12 kΩ + 10 kΩ)
25
Rload
R1
R2
R3
18 V
10 kΩ
12 kΩ
14 kΩ
VTH
RTH
Then we calculate howmuch voltage appearsacross the open load
terminals.+
V- (18 volts)
10 kΩ
(14 kΩ + 12 kΩ + 10 kΩ)
= 5 volts
26
Rload
R1
R2
R3
18 V
10 kΩ
12 kΩ
14 kΩ
VTH
RTH
+V
-5 V
This voltage becomesour Thevenin sourcevoltage . . .
28
Rload
R1
R2
R3
18 V
10 kΩ
12 kΩ
14 kΩ
RTH
+V
-5 V
This voltage becomesour Thevenin sourcevoltage . . .
5 V
29
Rload
R1
R2
R3
18 V
10 kΩ
12 kΩ
14 kΩ
RTH
+V
-5 V
This voltage becomesour Thevenin sourcevoltage . . .
5 V. . . in the Thevenin equivalent circuit.
30
Rload
R1
R2
R3
18 V
10 kΩ
12 kΩ
14 kΩ
RTH
5 V
Now we replace each sourcein the original circuit with itsown internal resistance.
32
Rload
R1
R2
R3
18 V
10 kΩ
12 kΩ
14 kΩ
RTH
5 V
Now we replace each sourcein the original circuit with itsown internal resistance.
For voltage sources, thismeans a short-circuit.
33
Rload
R1
R2
R3
18 V
10 kΩ
12 kΩ
14 kΩ
RTH
5 V
Now we replace each sourcein the original circuit with itsown internal resistance.
For voltage sources, thismeans a short-circuit.
34
Rload
R1
R2
R3
18 V
10 kΩ
12 kΩ
14 kΩ
RTH
5 V
Now we replace each sourcein the original circuit with itsown internal resistance.
For voltage sources, thismeans a short-circuit.
35
Rload
R1
R2
R3 10 kΩ
12 kΩ
14 kΩ
RTH
5 V
Now we replace each sourcein the original circuit with itsown internal resistance.
For voltage sources, thismeans a short-circuit.
36
Rload
R1
R2
R3 10 kΩ
12 kΩ
14 kΩ
RTH
5 V
resistance across the openload terminals.
. . . and we calculate
38
Rload
R1
R2
R3 10 kΩ
12 kΩ
14 kΩ
RTH
5 V
resistance across the openload terminals.Ω
. . . and we calculate
39
Rload
R1
R2
R3 10 kΩ
12 kΩ
14 kΩ
RTH
5 V
resistance across the openload terminals.Ω
. . . and we calculate
40
Rload
R1
R2
R3 10 kΩ
12 kΩ
14 kΩ
RTH
5 V
resistance across the openload terminals.Ω
. . . and we calculate
(14 kΩ + 12 kΩ) // 10 kΩ
41
Rload
R1
R2
R3 10 kΩ
12 kΩ
14 kΩ
RTH
5 V
resistance across the openload terminals.Ω
. . . and we calculate
(14 kΩ + 12 kΩ) // 10 kΩ= 7.22 kΩ
42
Rload
R1
R2
R3 10 kΩ
12 kΩ
14 kΩ
RTH
5 V
Ω 7.22 kΩ
This resistance becomesour Thevenin source
resistance . . .
44
Rload
R1
R2
R3 10 kΩ
12 kΩ
14 kΩ
5 V
Ω 7.22 kΩ
This resistance becomesour Thevenin source
resistance . . .
7.22 kΩ
45
Rload
R1
R2
R3 10 kΩ
12 kΩ
14 kΩ
5 V
Ω 7.22 kΩ
This resistance becomesour Thevenin source
resistance . . .
7.22 kΩ
. . . in the Thevenin equivalent circuit.
46
Rload
R1
R2
R3 10 kΩ
12 kΩ
14 kΩ
5 V
7.22 kΩ
Now that we have an equivalent circuit to
work with, we may insertthe load there to see what
happens!
18 V
48
Rload
R1
R2
R3 10 kΩ
12 kΩ
14 kΩ
5 V
7.22 kΩ
Now that we have an equivalent circuit to
work with, we may insertthe load there to see what
happens!
18 V
49
Rload
R1
R2
R3 10 kΩ
12 kΩ
14 kΩ
5 V
7.22 kΩ
Now that we have an equivalent circuit to
work with, we may insertthe load there to see what
happens!
18 V
50
Rload
R1
R2
R3 10 kΩ
12 kΩ
14 kΩ
5 V
7.22 kΩ
Now that we have an equivalent circuit to
work with, we may insertthe load there to see what
happens!
18 V
51
Rload
R1
R2
R3 10 kΩ
12 kΩ
14 kΩ
5 V
7.22 kΩ
Now that we have an equivalent circuit to
work with, we may insertthe load there to see what
happens!
18 V
52
Rload
R1
R2
R3 10 kΩ
12 kΩ
14 kΩ
5 V
7.22 kΩ
Now that we have an equivalent circuit to
work with, we may insertthe load there to see what
happens!
Calculate:
18 V
53
Rload
R1
R2
R3 10 kΩ
12 kΩ
14 kΩ
5 V
7.22 kΩ
Now that we have an equivalent circuit to
work with, we may insertthe load there to see what
happens!
Calculate:
Vload
18 V
54
Rload
R1
R2
R3 10 kΩ
12 kΩ
14 kΩ
5 V
7.22 kΩ
Now that we have an equivalent circuit to
work with, we may insertthe load there to see what
happens!
Calculate:
Vload
Iload
18 V
55
Rload
R1
R2
R3 10 kΩ
12 kΩ
14 kΩ
5 V
7.22 kΩ
Now that we have an equivalent circuit to
work with, we may insertthe load there to see what
happens!
Calculate:
Vload
Iload
Pload
18 V
56
Rload
R1
R2
R3 10 kΩ
12 kΩ
14 kΩ
5 V
7.22 kΩ
Calculate:
Vload
Iload
Pload
18 VThese load calculations willreflect what happens in theoriginal circuit!
58
Rload
R1
R2
R3 10 kΩ
12 kΩ
14 kΩ
5 V
7.22 kΩ
Calculate:
Vload
Iload
Pload
18 VThese load calculations willreflect what happens in theoriginal circuit!
Rload
59
Rload
R1
R2
R3 10 kΩ
12 kΩ
14 kΩ
5 V
7.22 kΩ
Calculate:
Vload
Iload
Pload
18 VThese load calculations willreflect what happens in theoriginal circuit!
RloadVload
(same)
60
Rload
R1
R2
R3 10 kΩ
12 kΩ
14 kΩ
5 V
7.22 kΩ
Calculate:
Vload
Iload
Pload
18 VThese load calculations willreflect what happens in theoriginal circuit!
RloadVload
(same)
Iload
61
Rload
R1
R2
R3 10 kΩ
12 kΩ
14 kΩ
5 V
7.22 kΩ
Calculate:
Vload
Iload
Pload
18 VThese load calculations willreflect what happens in theoriginal circuit!
RloadVload
(same)
Iload
Pload
62
Rload
R1
R2
R3 10 kΩ
12 kΩ
14 kΩ
5 V
7.22 kΩ
Calculate:
Vload
Iload
Pload
18 VThese load calculations willreflect what happens in theoriginal circuit!
RloadVload
Iload
Pload
63
Rload
R1
R2
R3 10 kΩ
12 kΩ
14 kΩ
5 V
7.22 kΩ Vload
Iload
Pload
18 V
Rload
Vload
Iload
Pload
The load cannot ‘‘tell’’any difference between the
Thevenin equivalent circuit.original circuit and the
file 03261
66