American History American History Chapter 18: World War Chapter 18: World War II: Americans at WarII: Americans at War

IV. The War in the PacificIV. The War in the Pacific

Bell RingerBell Ringer

What is the most important way the What is the most important way the use of nuclear weapons has changed use of nuclear weapons has changed the world?the world?

What were some events that led to What were some events that led to the war between Japan and the US?the war between Japan and the US?

ObjectivesObjectives

Learn about advances Japan made in Asia Learn about advances Japan made in Asia and the Pacific in late 1941 and 1942.and the Pacific in late 1941 and 1942.

See which Allied victories turned the tide See which Allied victories turned the tide of war in the Pacific.of war in the Pacific.

Read about the strategy of the US in the Read about the strategy of the US in the struggle to reconquer the Pacific Islands.struggle to reconquer the Pacific Islands.

Discover why the battles of Iwo Jima and Discover why the battles of Iwo Jima and Okinawa were important.Okinawa were important.

Understand how the Manhattan Project Understand how the Manhattan Project brought the war to an end.brought the war to an end.

A)A) Setting the SceneSetting the Scene

General Douglas MacArthur – US General Douglas MacArthur – US commander in the Pacific.commander in the Pacific.

Japan struck Wake, Guam, and the Japan struck Wake, Guam, and the Clark Field in the Philippines shortly Clark Field in the Philippines shortly after Pearl Harbor.after Pearl Harbor.

B) The Japanese Advance, B) The Japanese Advance, 1941-19421941-1942

Japan hoped by attacking the US we Japan hoped by attacking the US we would withdraw and let them have would withdraw and let them have the natural resourcesthe natural resources

Also attacked Britain – Hong Kong Also attacked Britain – Hong Kong and Singaporeand Singapore

Dutch East Indies and Burma.Dutch East Indies and Burma.

a) The Philippines Falla) The Philippines Fall US trapped on the peninsula of Bataan – US trapped on the peninsula of Bataan –

Navy can’t rescue themNavy can’t rescue them 80,000 US and Filipino troops forced to walk 80,000 US and Filipino troops forced to walk

60 miles without food or water in tropical 60 miles without food or water in tropical heatheat

MacArthur escapes – “I shall return”MacArthur escapes – “I shall return”20)20) Bataan Death March: 10,000 US and Bataan Death March: 10,000 US and

Filipino troops died on the march off of Filipino troops died on the march off of BataanBataan

21)21) Geneva Convention: an international Geneva Convention: an international treaty calling for international treaty calling for international standards of conduct towards standards of conduct towards prisoners of war.prisoners of war.

b) Defending China and b) Defending China and BurmaBurma

China joined the Allies in 1941China joined the Allies in 1941 American General Stilwell Jiang American General Stilwell Jiang

Jiechi’s Chief of StaffJiechi’s Chief of Staff ““Flying Tigers”Flying Tigers” We loose the Burma RoadWe loose the Burma Road

c) The War at Seac) The War at Sea 3 US carriers escaped Pearl Harbor – 3 US carriers escaped Pearl Harbor –

LexingtonLexington, , EnterpriseEnterprise, and , and SaratogaSaratoga Doolittle Raid – April 1942, bombers Doolittle Raid – April 1942, bombers

flown off of a carrier flown off of a carrier HornetHornet bomb Tokyo bomb Tokyo and land in China – big moral boostand land in China – big moral boost

Japan tries to take AustraliaJapan tries to take Australia22)22) Battle of the Coral Sea: First naval Battle of the Coral Sea: First naval

battle fought entirely in the air – battle fought entirely in the air – drawdraw

Did stop the invasion of AustraliaDid stop the invasion of Australia US looses Lexington and the Yorktown is badly damagedUS looses Lexington and the Yorktown is badly damaged Japan looses 1 and 2 others heavily damagedJapan looses 1 and 2 others heavily damaged

C) Allied Victories Turn the C) Allied Victories Turn the TideTide

23)23) Battle of MidwayBattle of Midway: Japan attacks the : Japan attacks the Islands of Midway – Islands of Midway – US sink 4 carriers US sink 4 carriers and shoot down 250 planes – US loses 1 and shoot down 250 planes – US loses 1

carrier (Yorktown) carrier (Yorktown) –– US wins - US wins - Turning point of the Pacific WarTurning point of the Pacific War

Midway was a US trap – broke codeMidway was a US trap – broke code

24) Battle of Guadalcanal: US 24) Battle of Guadalcanal: US first offensive in the Pacific – US first offensive in the Pacific – US winwin

D) Struggle for the IslandsD) Struggle for the Islands

25)25) Island-hopping: US battle plan for Pacific Island-hopping: US battle plan for Pacific – take selective Islands to get to Japan – take selective Islands to get to Japan faster – (runways)faster – (runways)

US take Solomon Islands, Gilbert Islands, US take Solomon Islands, Gilbert Islands, Tarawa, Marshall Islands and Mariana Islands Tarawa, Marshall Islands and Mariana Islands (B-29)(B-29)

Admiral Bull Halsey and Chester NimitzAdmiral Bull Halsey and Chester Nimitz26) Battle of Leyte Gulf – first attack on the 26) Battle of Leyte Gulf – first attack on the

Philippines – Japan attacks with everything Philippines – Japan attacks with everything – US win– US win

80,000 Japanese dead – 1,000 surrendered80,000 Japanese dead – 1,000 surrendered27)27) KamikazesKamikazes: suicide planes that deliberately : suicide planes that deliberately

crashed into US ships – not effectivecrashed into US ships – not effective ““Divine wind”Divine wind”

E) E) Iwo Jima and OkinawaIwo Jima and Okinawa

Iwo JimaIwo Jima US bombed Island for 74 US bombed Island for 74

daysdays Japan 25,000 – US Japan 25,000 – US

110,000110,000 Japan 216 survivors – US Japan 216 survivors – US

25,000 casualties25,000 casualties US 27 medals of honorUS 27 medals of honor

Flag on Mt. Flag on Mt. SurabachiSurabachi

OkinawaOkinawa Japan 100,000Japan 100,000 US 180,000US 180,000 US casualties 50,000US casualties 50,000 Japan 7,200 survivorsJapan 7,200 survivors

350 miles from 350 miles from JapanJapan

F) The Manhattan ProjectF) The Manhattan Project Invasion of Japan scared US siliy (400,000)Invasion of Japan scared US siliy (400,000)

Albert Einstein wrote a letter to Albert Einstein wrote a letter to Roosevelt saying an atomic bomb was Roosevelt saying an atomic bomb was possible and that the Germans might possible and that the Germans might have onehave one

28)28) Manhattan ProjectManhattan Project: US program that : US program that built an atomic bombbuilt an atomic bomb

J. Robert Oppenheimer “Now I have J. Robert Oppenheimer “Now I have become Death, the destroyer of worlds”become Death, the destroyer of worlds”

Roosevelt's deathRoosevelt's death

The Decision to Drop the The Decision to Drop the BombBomb

1)1) a massive invasion would cost millions of a massive invasion would cost millions of US and Japanese livesUS and Japanese lives

2)2) A naval blockade – take time –starve A naval blockade – take time –starve

3)3) A demonstration on a deserted island to A demonstration on a deserted island to pressure the Japanese to surrenderpressure the Japanese to surrender

4)4) Something less then unconditional Something less then unconditional surrendersurrender

Interim Committee debated these ideas – Interim Committee debated these ideas – Truman said go aheadTruman said go ahead

Wanted the Soviets to see it.Wanted the Soviets to see it.

Japan SurrendersJapan Surrenders

August 6August 6thth 1945 – the Enola Gay 1945 – the Enola Gay dropped an atomic bomb on dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima – 80,000 diedHiroshima – 80,000 died

August 9August 9thth – 1945 Nagasaki was hit – 1945 Nagasaki was hit August 14August 14thth the Japanese surrendered the Japanese surrendered Sept 2 – official signing on the USS Sept 2 – official signing on the USS

Missouri in Tokyo BayMissouri in Tokyo Bay WWII was overWWII was over

ReviewReview

What advances did Japan make in Asia What advances did Japan make in Asia and the Pacific in late 1941 and 1942?and the Pacific in late 1941 and 1942?

Which Allied victories turned the tide of Which Allied victories turned the tide of war in the Pacific?war in the Pacific?

What was the strategy of the US in the What was the strategy of the US in the struggle to reconquer the Pacific struggle to reconquer the Pacific islands?islands?

How did the Manhattan Project bring How did the Manhattan Project bring the war to an end?the war to an end?