All Hands Naval Bulletin - Dec 1942

8/4/2019 All Hands Naval Bulletin - Dec 1942

1/64THE S H A W AT PEARL HARBOR . I . bur she put tc.3 sea again


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BUREAU OF

/NFORMAT/ONBULLET/NDECEMBER 1942 0 NUMBER 30

REARADMIRALRANDALLJACOBS,USNThe Chief of Naual PersonnelREARADMIRAL L. E. DENPELD,USN

Th e Assistant Chief of Naval Personnel

Table of ContentsPa

Round Two: 28 Jap Ships Sunk. . . . . . . . . . .SPECIAL SECTION * YEAR OF WAR

The Navy Reports on Pearl Harbor. .. .Chronology of the War. . . . . . . . . . . .1942 Home Front Record Impressive. . . 1A Year Blessed With Heroes. . . . . . . . . 1Casualties. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Admiral Scotts Triumph Revealed. . . . . . . . 2Greatest of Its Kind in History. . . . . . . . 2Eyewitness in North Africa. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2Coast:Guards SPARring Partner. . . . . . . . . 2Christmas Dinner at Sea, an old print. . . . . 2Flag Name and Phonetic Alphabet Changes. 3SixiMen Battle Japs and Jungle. . . . . . . . . . 3Drastic Change Toward AWOLs. . . . . . . . . 3Partially Disabled Men May Stay inService. 3The Sword Is Scrapped. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Making Men Tough. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Field Day for the Fighting 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Navy Backs Religious Program. . . . . . . . . . . 4Licking an Emergency in Training. . . . . . . . 4Training Courses Now Available. . . . . . . . . 4Decorations, Citations, Promotions. . . . . . . 4Legislative Matters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Cumulative Index for 1942. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

This magazine is published monthly in Washing-ton, D. C., by the Bureau of Naval Personnel for thinformation and nterest of the Naval Service aswhole.Becausecopiescannotbefurnished all pesonnel individually at present,t is requested hat eaccopy be given as wide a circulation as possible. Itsuggested that readers pass along their copies whenthey are finished. To urther publicize the contentship and station papers maydesire to reprint per-tinentmaterialrom the Bulletin.Allctivitiesshould keep the Bureau informedf how many copare required.Articles of general nterest may bforwarded to the Editor via official channels.


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Round Two: 28 Jap Ships SunkUnited States loses 2 admirals and a captainin furious night victory off Solomon Islands

In a furious, close-range night bat-tle in which two admirals and a cap-tain lost their lives,United Statesforces last month decisively defeateda strong Japanese attempt to recap-ture Guadalcanal, sinking more thana score of enemyhips. PresidentRoosevelt termed it one of the greatbattles of our history and a majorvictory.This Second Round olf the battlefor he Bolomons actually covered 3days but the heaviest portion of th efighting took place on the early morn-ing of November 13 and it was thenthatRear Admiral Daniel J. CJ-laghan, USN, Rear AdmiralNormanScott, USN, nd Captain Cassin Young,USN, were killed.Admiral Scott had previously distin-guished himself as commander of thetask force inheBattle of CapeEsperance (see p. 24) .The battle began after our air re-connaissance had revealed a heavyconcentration of Japanese transports,cargoships, and combatant units ofthe enemy fleet in the New Britain-Northwestern Solomons region, indi-cating an attempt to ecapture UnitedSta tes positions in the Guadalcanal-

Tulagi area of the SoutheasternSolomons.The powerful Japanese force moveddown on Guadalcanal at night toscreen landing operatiws on thenor th end of the island. The forcewas in three columns, one headed bya cruiser and the other two by battle-ships.Spearhead of the United Statesforce ent o ntercept he enemywas the heavy cruiser U. S. S. SunFrancisco, the flagship of AdmiralCallaghan and in command of Cap-tain Young.Vice Admiral W. F. Halsey and hiscommanders then chose one of oldestbut most dangerous maneuvers innaval history. It wasused by LordNelson at the Battleof Trafalgar andit gained him a great victoryoverFrance.The commanders elected to run thegauntlet of Japanese ships. Theysteamed full-speed right between twoof the three advancing Jap columnswith their guns blazing broadside inboth directions.The action was at point-blank

range and themaneuver worked.It so confused the Japanese ships

tha t during the atterpar t of thebattle, two of the three groups werefiring a t each other.The San Francisco engaged and hi tthree enemy ships, sinking one ofthem. A t point-blank rangehebattled with an enemy battleshipheavily her superior in size and firepower.And she silenced the batt le-ships guns and so disabled he r thatshe could be sunk by torpedoes fromour destroyers and aircraft.But one or ore of the enemy heavyshells struck the flag and navigationbridge of the gallant Sun Francisco.Admiral Callaghan andaptainYoung were killed. A young lieuten-ant commander, Bruce McCandless,USN was knocked nconscious andwounded by the enemy fire and whenhe regained consciousness he foundhe was the senior officer on he bridge.He took command and led th e Ameri-can column through the enemy lines.Damaged but unbowed, the San Francisco delivered her deadly blows andsteamed into port.Whipped, the remnantsof the Jap-anese fleet fled northward pursuedby our aircraft which made attackson the damaged enemy vessels which

T h e U .S . S . Sam Fran cisco: herSolomons explo i t s have put her name in his tory .


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Official U. 8. Navy photographT h e late Captaim Cassim Youmg, U S N , commander of the Sam Framciscodemolished her bridge and took thelives of Rear Admiral Callaghan andCaptain Young deprived the Navy oftwo of it s ablest fighting men. RearAdmiral DanieludsonCallaghan,USN, was well known to the public asCaptainCallaghan, Naval aide toPresident Roosevelt fromuly 14,1938,until ordered on March12,1941,to report for duty in the Pacific ascommanding officer of a heavy cruiser.Rear Admiral Callaghan was pro-moted romCaptain o rank romApril 26, 1942. Whenpromoted,hewas serving as chief of staff for theCommander, South PacificForce.Born on July 26,1890, n San Fran-cisco, Calif., Rear Admiral Callaghanhad a distinguished areer in heNavy. After attending the igh schoolPage 4

of St. Ignatius College in San Fran-cisco, he entered the Naval Academy,fromwhichhegraduated & 1911.After serving aboardhe U. S.S. r u z -ton , he was placed in command of herin 1916. When the United States en-tered the ArstWorld Warhe wastransferred to the U. S. S.Ne w O r-leans as executive officer.After varied duty ashore nd afloat,Rear Admiral Callaghan was assignedto duty as force gunneryofficer on thestaff of the commander Battle Forceand ater on the staff of the Com-mander in Chief of the United StatesFleet. From 1933 to 1936 he served asexecutive officer at theNaval ReserveOfficers Training Corps a t the Uni-versity of California. He became ex-ecutive ofacer of the U. S.S.Portland

in 1936 and a year later became oper-ations ofilcer forhe Commandercruisers, scouting force.As a member of the landing forcefrom the U. S.S.California Rear A d-miral Callaghan participated in thecapture of Coyotepe Hill in Nicaraguain 1912. He had theNicaraguan cam-

paign medal. He also had the Mexi-cancampaigndecoration (1914-15)and the Victory Medal with bronzestar.Theformer was awardedhimwhile he was attached to theU. S.5.T rux ton operating on the west coastof Mexico, and the latter asxecutiveofficer of the U. S. S. New Orleanswhile on convoy duty in the WorldWar. The governments of Denmark,Norway, Luxembourg, and Nicaraguahave lsoproferredRearAdmiralCallaghan decorations.In 1914 Rear Admiral Callaghan

married Miss Mary Theresa Towneyof Oakland, Calif. They have one on.Lt. (junior rade)Daniel J. Cal-laghan, Jr., USNR.CaptainCassin Young, USN, whowas killed with RearAdmiral Cal-laghan, was the commanding officerof the U. S. S. Su n Francisco. OnMarch 4, 1942,Captain Young wasawarded the Congressional Medal ofHonor for distinguished conduct inaction, outstanding heroism and ut-ter disregard of his own safety, aboveand beyond the call of duty.As commanding officer of a shipduring the attack onPearlHarbor,Captain Young ook personal com-mand of a three-inch antiaircraft guWhen blown overboard by the blast ofan explosion he swam back to hisship and with extreme coolness andcalmness moved his ship from theanchorage to which it was mooredand subsequently beached it upon de-termining that such action w as re-quired to save his ship.On September 8, 1942, CaptainYoung was appointed fo r temporary

service from the rank of commander.Then on October 27, 1942,e was or-dered to report as commandingfilCeof the U. S.S.Su n Francisco.Captain Young married the formerMiss Eleanor H. McFadden of Phila-delphiaon August 30, 1919. Theyhave five children, Lieutenant, juniograde, CharlesMcFadden Young, USN,Eleanor H. Young, Mary Ann YoungStephan C. Young, Joan E. Young.


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Pearl Harbor: her hero dead become a fightiag symbol for a Izatioa fully aroused.

The Navy Reports on Pearl HarborOnly 1 of our ships permanently and totallylost; initial disadvantageas been offset

On the morning of December 7,1941,Japanese aircraft emporarily disabledevery battleship and most of the air-craft n he Hawaiian area.Othernaval vessels, both ombatant ndauxiliary, were put out of action, andcertainshore facilities, especially a tthe Army air bases, Hickam andWheeler Fields, the naval air stations,Ford Island and Kaneohe Bay, weredamaged. Most of these hips arenowback with the Fleet. Theair-craft were all replaced within a fewdays, and interference with facilities

was generally limited to a matter ofhours.When the Japanese attacked PearlHarbor, two surface ship task forcesof the Pacific Fleet were carrying outassigned missions at sea, and two suchtask forces were at their main basefollowing extensive operations at sea.Discounting small craft, 86 ships ofthe Pacific Fleet were moored at PearlHarbor. Included in this force were 8battleships, 7 cruisers, 28 destroyers,and 5 submarines. No United Statesaircraft carriers were present.As result of the Japaneseattack,

five battleships, the Arizona, Okla-homa,California,Nevada, and Wes tVirginia; three destroyers, the S h m ,Cassin, and D o m e s ; the minelayerOglala; the target ship Utah, and alarge floating drydockwere eithersunk or damaged so severely that theywould serve no military purposes forsome time. In addition, three battle-ships, the Pennsylvania, Maryland,and Tennessee; three cruisers, theHelena, Honolulu, and Raleigh; theseaplane tenderCurtiss, and the epairship Vestal were damaged.Of the 19 naval vessels listed above

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as sunk o r damaged, the 26-year-oldbattleship Arizona will be the only onepermanently and totally lost. Prep-arations for the righting of the Okla-homa are now in process, althoughfinal decision as o he wisdom ofaccomplishing this work at this timehas not been made. Themain andauxiliary machinery, approximately50 percent of the value, of the Cassinand Dozvltes were saved. The other 15vessels either have been or will besalvaged and repaired.The eight vesselsdescribed in thesecond sentence of paragraph hreereturned o the fleet months ago. Anumber of the vessels described inthe first sentence of paragraph threeare now in full service, but certainothers, which required extensive ma-chinery and intricate electrical over-hauling as well as refloating and hullrepairing, are not yet ready for battleaction. Naval repair yards are ak-ing advantage of these inherent de-lays to install numerous moderniza-tion features and improvements. Todesignate these vessels by name nowwould ive the enemy informationvital t o his war plans; similar infor-mation regarding enemy ships whichour forces have subsequently damagedbut not destroyed is denied to us.On December 15, 1941, only 8 daysafter heJapaneseattackand at atime when there was an immediatepossibility of the enemy's comingback, the Secretary of the Navy an-nounced that theArizona, Shuw,Cas-sin, D o m e s , U t a h , and Oglala hadbeen lost, that theOklahoma had cap-sized and that other vessels had beendamaged. Fortunately, the salvageand repair accomplishments at PearlHarbor have exceeded the most hope-ful expectations.

Eighty navalaircraft of all typeswere destroyed by the enemy. In ad -dition, the Army lost 97 planes onHickam and Wheeler Fields. Of these23 were bombers,66 were fighters, and8 were other types.The most serious American losseswere in Personnel. As result of theraid on December 7, 1941, 2,117 of-ficers and enlisted men of the Navyand Marine Corps were killed, 960 arestill reported as missing, and 876 werePage 6

wounded but survived. The Armycasualties were as follows: 226 offi-cers and enlisted men were killed orlater died of wounds; 396 werewounded, most of whom have now re-covered and have returned to duty.At 7 : 55 a. ITI. on December 7, 1941,Japanese dive bombers swarmed overthe Army Air Base, Hickam Field, andthe naval air station on Ford Island.A few minutes earlier the Japanesehad struck the naval air station atKaneohe Bay. Bare seconds laterenemy torpedo planes and dive bomb-ers swung in from various sectors t oconcentrateheirttackn theheavy ships at Pearl Harbor. Theenemy attack, aided by the elementof surpriseand based on exact in-formation, was very successful.Torpedo planes, assisted effectivelyby dive bombers, constituted themajor threat of the first phase of theJapanesettack, lasting approxi-mately a half hour. Twenty-one tor-pedo planes made four attacks, and30 dive bombers came in in eightwaves duringhis period. Fifteenhorizontal bombers also participatedin this phase of the raid.

"Official U. S. Navy photographT h e U . S . S . Arizoma: wictinz of surfiriseat Pearl Harb or.

Although the Japaneseaunchedtheir initial attack as a surprise, bat-tleship ready machine guns openedfire at once and wereprogressivelyaugmented by the remaining anti-aircraftatteries as all handspromptly were called to general quar-ters. Machine guns brought downtwo and damaged others of the fis twave of torpedo planes. Practicallyall attleship ntiaircraft atterieswere firing within 5 minutes; cruisers,within an average time of 4 minutes,and destroyers, opening up machineguns almost immediately, averaged 7minutes n bringing all antiaircraftguns into action.From 8:25 t o 8:40 a. m. there wasa comparative lull in he aid, al-though air activity continued withsporadic attack by dive and horizontalbombers. Thisespite was termi-nated by the appearance of horizontalbombers which crossed and recrossedtheir targets from various directionsand caused serious damage. Whilethe horizontal bombers were continu-ing their raids, Japanese dive bomb-ers reappeared, probably being thesame ones that had participated in


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OKicial U. 8. Navy photographBut surprise was not a l l ; m en recovere d ,ought we ll alzd brauely.earlier ttacks;his phase, lastingabout a half-hour, was devoted argelyto strafing. All enemy aircraft e-tired by 9:45 a. m.Prior to theJapaneseattack 20 2United States naval aircraft of alltypes on the island of Oahu were inflying condition, but 150 of these werepermanently or temporarily disabledby the enemys concentrated assault,most of them in the first few minutesof the raid. Of the 52 remaining na-val aircraft, 38 took to heair onDecember 7, 1941, the other 14 beingready too late in he dayor beingblocked from take-off positions. Ofnecessity, therefore, the Navy wascompelled to depend on antiaircraftfire for its primary defensive weapon,and this condition exposed the Fleetto continuous air attack. By coinci-dence, 18 scout bombing planes froma United Statesaircraftcarrierenroute arrived at Pearl Harbor duringthe raid. These are included in heforegoing figures. Four of thesescout bombers were shot down, 13 ofthe remaining 14 taking OR again insearch of the enemy. Seven patrolplanes were in the air hen the attack

started.There were a otal of 273Army planes on the island of Oahuon December 7, 1941. Veryew ofthese were able to take off because ofthe damage to the runways at Hickamand Wheeler Fields.It is difficult to determine t he totalnumber of enemy aircraft participat-ing in the raid, but careful analysisof all reports makes it possible to esti-mate thenumber as 2 1 torpedo planes,48 dive bombers, and 36 horizontalbombers, totalling 105 of all types.Undoubtedly certain fighter planesalsowere present but hese are notdistinguished by types andare n-cluded in the above figures.The enemy ost 28 aircraft due toNavy action, and the few Army pur-suit planes that were able to take offshot down more than 20 Japaneseplanes. In addition, 3 submarines, of45 tons each, were accounted for.The damage suffered by the UnitedStates Pacific Fleet as result of theJapanese attack on December 7, 1941,was most serious, but the repair jobnow is nearly completed, and thanksto the inspired and unceasing effortsof the naval and civilian personnel

attached to the various repair yards,especially at Pearl Harbor itself, thisinitial handicap soon will be erasedforever.* * * * *

After making his inspection trip toPearl Harbor immediately after heattack, Secretary of the Navy FrankKnox reported in some detail manyof the individual actions of outstand-ing courage in that attack, and heINFORMATION BULLETINeprints themherewith:In theNavys gravest hour of peril,the officers and men of the Fleet ex-hibited magnificent courage and re-sourcefulness during the treacherousJapanese ssaultonPearlHarbor.The real story of Pearl Harbor is notone of individual heroism, althoughthere were many such cases. It liesin the splendid manner in which allhands did their job as long as theywere able, not only under fire but whilefighting the flames afterward and im-mediately starting salvage work andreorganization.Promptaction saved many livesand a vast amount f material. With-out exception, all .ships and stationsrose to he emergency. Less than 4minutes after the first alarm, guns ofthene et went into action againstenemy aircraft. Seconds later the firstJapanese plane was shot down.

T O a recruit seaman board abattleship probably goes the honor ofstriking the first telling blow in theFleets defense. Even before generalquarter sounded, this youngster singlehandedly manned a machine gun andblasted an attacking torpedo Plane asit levelled against his ship.The dying captain of a battleshipdisplayed the outstanding individualheroism of the day. As he emergedfrom the conning tower to the bridge,the better to fight his ship, his Stom-ach was laid completelyopen by ashrapnelburst. He fell to he deck.Refusing t o be carried to safety, hecontinued to direct the action. Whenthe bridge became a blazing inferno,two officers attempted to remove him.But he ordered them to abandon himand save themselves. Theatterfound themselves blocked by theflames.Only the heroic efforts of a

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third officer enabled them to escape.He climbed through the fire to ahigherlevel from which he passed one lineto an djoining battleship and anotherto hisrapped hipmates. By thisfrail means they made their way tosafety.Entire ships companies showedexemplary valor and coordination.Drama was thus crowded into a fewsecondson board an aircraft tendermoored at the aval air station, targetof t he enemys fiercest bombing andstrafing.With the ship already onfirefrom repeated high-altitude at -tacks,erntiaircraftatteriesdowned a plane which crashednfllmes on deck. A t this moment hercaptain observed the shadow of anenemy two-man submarine approach-ing within a few yards of the vessel.It wasplaced under fire. Hits werescored immediately, and the subma-rine exposed her conning tower. Atthat instant a destroyer stood downchannel, passed directly over the submarine,ndank it withepthcharges. Doubtless saved from thiscrafts torpedoes, the tender then shotdown a second plane, which fell onland nearby.Men fought with he coolconfi-dence that comes from complete in-doctrination for battle. In one case,a single bluejacket manned a 5-inchantiaircraft gun after his 10 batterymates had been shot down by a straf-ingattack. Hewould eize a shellfrom the fuze pot, place it in the tray,

dash to the other side of the gun, andram it home. He would then take hisposition on the pointers seat and fire.After the third such round, a terrificexplosion blew him over the side of thebattleship. He was rescued.A t the several naval air stationsattacked, crews dashed into the iamesenveloping planes set ablaze by in-cendiaries, stripped off free machine-guns, and with them returned the en-emys fire. In a t east one instance anenemy craft was shot down.Two cruiser scouting seaplanes,their speed and maneuverability re-duced by heavy pontoons, destroyedan attacking Japanese pursuit ship ofthrice their speed.Simultaneously throughout thenavy yard examples of personal hero-ismdeveloped. Several workmen ofJapanesencestry deserted theirbenches to help the Marine defensebattalionman machine-gun nests.T w o of them with hands blistered fromhot gun barrels, required emergencytreatment.

Cool as ice, the men who mannedthe navy yard signal tower from whichfiashed orders to the anchored Fleet,carried out their assignment under ahail of machine-gun fire and bombsfrom the enemy, as well as shrapnelfrom heir own forces antiaircraftbatteries. None left his dangerouspost. First o observe the invadersthrough their long glasses from theirhigp vantage point, they sent out theastounding air-raid warning by visual

signals. Then hey ettled nto thecomplex business of transmitting thescores of orders to he ships thatfought back at theattackers fromtheir berths, or prepared to stand outto sea.Men from shipsout of action man-aged at any cost to eturn o hebattle.There were the survivors ofthe capsized ship who swam throughblazing oil to clamber aboard othershipsndoin gun crews.Crewsfrom another disabled vessel waminto midchannel, where they werehoisted aboard outward-bound de-stroyers. Proof that getting back i n t obattle took precedence over their ownlives was the fact tha t the compara-tive safety of the shore lay only a fewyards away.Lying in a hospital bedwhen the first air-raid alarmoundedone officer leaped up, brushed asidenurses, and ran across the navy yardto his ship. He fought with such gal-lantryand zeal, despite his illnessthat his captain recommended him forpromotion.There was the case of the destroyertender which lay alongside a dockundergoing major overhaul, powerlessand without armament. Unable toassume an active defense role, sheconcerned herself with the vital taskof rescue with her available shipsboats. One Naval Reserve ensign vol-unteereds skipper of a motorlaunch. Withourmen he pro-ceeded across Pearl Harbors reverber-

( C o d w e d on Page 56)

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Official TJ. S. Xavy photographT h e n w eook the ini t iat ive, raiding Jap-held Marshal lnd Gilbert Islands on February 1.

December 7,1941: A date tha t willlive in infamy-President Roosevelt.Japanese attack United States basesin Hawaii (1:20P. M., eastern stand-ard ime), Philippines, Guam, andWake Islands,andBritish bases atSingapore and Hong Kong. Japanesetroops invade Thailand and Malayaand occupy the international settle-ment in Shanghai. A t 4 P. M. easternstandard ime apan declares waragainst the United States and GreatBritain. GreatBritain declares waro n Finland, Hungary, and Rumania.December 8 , 1941: Great Britaindeclares war on Japan at 7:30 A. M.eastern standard time. PresidentRoosevelt signs congressional resolu-tion of war against Japanat 4:lOP.M. astern standard ime.December 9, 1941:The battleshipH.M. S.Prince of Wales and the bat-tle cruiser Repulse are sunk by Jap-anese planes off the Malay Peninsula.China declares war onGermany,Italy, and Japan.December 10, 1941: Capt. ColinKelly sinks Japanese battleship of theHaruna class off Luzon.December 11,1941: Congress unan-imously declares war on Germany and

Here, nbrief compass, is thechronology o f theirst year ofAmericas participation in WorldWar II , together with a series ofphotographshighlighting t h eevents of themomentousperiod.

Italy afterGermany and Italydeclarewar on the United States.December 13, 1941:Guam is cap-tured by Japanese.December 24, 1941:Wake falls toJapanese.December 25, 1941:HongKong istaken by Japaneseafter siege of 16days.January 1,1942: Japanese completeoccupation of Sarawak.January 2, 1942: Manila falls t oJapanese after 26 days of war.January 26, 1942: United Statestroops arrive in Ireland.January 31, 1942: United StatesFleet task force wrecks Japanese basesat Marshall and Gilbert Islands.February 15, 1942: Singapore sur-renders to Japanese after siege of 15days.February 23,1942: n first attack on

American mainland, Axis submarineshells refinery nearSanta Barbara,Calif.March 9, 1942: Japanese aptureRangoon!. Java falls.March 16, 942: United Statestroops in Australia.March 17, 1942:en. Douglas Mac-Arthur takes command of United Na-tions forces in southwestern Pacific.April 9, 1942:ataan falls.April 18, 1942: American planesbombTokyo, Yokohama, Kobe, andNogoya.May 1,1942: apanese occupy Man-dalay.May 6, 1942:orregidor surrendersto Japanese.May 8, 1942: Battle of Coral Sea

won by United States Navy. Seven-teen Japaneseships sunk o r damaged;carrier Lexington, two other UnitedStates ships lost.May 12, 1942: Russians attack atKharkov on day after German drivestarts in Crimea.May 30,1942:Cologneis coventrizedby 1,130British planes.June 1, 1942: Mexico declares waron Axis.June 3,1942: apanese attack DutchPage 9


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\

0CEANPIDWAY 10 Q

@ Dec. 7. P e a r l H a r b o r ,Wake, ' Guam,Philip-pines, Hong Kong, Sing-aporeattacked by Japs.Gilbert Islands occupied.0 ec. 10. R e p u l s e a n dP r i m e of W a l e s sunk.0 ec. 13. Guam lost.0 ec. 24. Wake lost.0 ec. 25. Hong Kong falls.0 an. 2. Manilaabandoned.0 an. 11. Japs invadeN. E. I.0 an. 23. J aps in Solomons.8 Jan. 2426. Battle of Ma-cassar Straits.@ Feb. 1. U. S. raidsMar-shalls and Gilberts.@ Feb. 15. Fall of Singapore.@ Feb. 19. Darwinbombed.@ Feb. 24. W e raid Wake.@ Feb. 27. Ratt le of Java Sea.@ Mar. 4.We r aid Marcus.@ Mar. 5. Batavia falls.

vaded by Japs.captured.

Mar. 8. NewGuinea n-@ Mar. 9 . Rangoon and Java8 Apr. 9 . Bataanevacuated.8 Apr. 18. Tokyobombed.@ Apr. 25. U. S. troops n0 May 5 . Fall of Corregidor.0 May 4-8. 11Jap ships sunkin Coral Sea battle.@ June 3. Japs aid Du tc hHarbor and Unalaska.0 June 4-6. Japs lose 1 0ships, 275 aircraftnMidway battle.@ June 12. Japs occupy west-ern Aleutians.0 July 11. U. S. troops atPort Moresby.@ July 22 . Japs land at Runa.@ Aug. 8. U. S. Marines landon Solomons.Q Aug. 24. Jap attack on Sol-omons repulsed.0 Sept. 12-15. Second attackon Solomons repulsed.0 Oct. 7. Attu ndAgattu

evacuated by Japs.Q Oct. 13. Japs lose battle offSavo Island, Solomons.$9 Oct. 25. Japs fail in attackon Guadalcanal.@ Oct. 26. Japs suffer loss inbattle off Stewart Islands.8 Nov. 12. Japs r e p u l s e dwith heavy loss in fierceSolomons battle.E3 Nov. 24. Gona-Buna fight.Allies retake Buna.

New Caledonia.

Harbor and Unalaska.June 5, 1942: United States declareswar on Bulgaria, Hungary, and Ru-mania.June 6,1942: Battle of Midway endsin United States victory. Japaneselose 4 carriers, at least 6 other war-ships, 275 aircraft. United States losescarrier Yolrlctown, 1 destroyer.June 10, 1942: Nazis destroy Lidicein reprisal for assassination of DeputyGestapo Chief Reinhard Heydrich.June 1 2 , 1 9 4 2 : Japanese begin occu-pation of Attu, Agattu, and Kiska inthe Aleutian Islands.June 20, 1942 : Axis captures Tobrukand its garrison, pursues British deepinto Egypt.June 25, 1942: European theater ofoperations for United States forcesformally established under Maj. (nowLieut.) Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower.

July 1, 1942: Desert armies openbattle near El Alamein.July 3, 1942: Russians evacuate Se-vastopol aft er 25-day German assaultculminating siege begun on November7, 1941.July 4, 1942: Americans flying RAFplanes attack Nazi airdromes in theNetherlands in first United Statesraid on European continent.July 17,1942: Germans claim Voro-shilovgrad.July 26 , 1942: Germans announcereaching Don bend west of Stalingrad.July 27, 1942: Russia concedes lossof Rostov.August 5, 1942: Yugoslav guerrillasunder Gen. Draja Mikhailovichwin4-day battle. Germans cross Don 96miles southwest of Stalingrad on 39thday of Summer offensive, Moscowsays.August 7, 1942: Mohandas K. Gan-dhi urges nonviolent noncooperationagainst Great Britain. United StatesMarines land at Tulagi in Solomons.August 9, 1942: United Statescruisers Quincy, Vincennes, and A s-

toria, and Australian cruiser Canberraare sunk by Japanese n Solomons.Germans claim capture of Maikop oilcenter and Krasnodar.August 17, 1942: Japanese cruisersand destroyers driven from Guadal-canal-Tulagi area by United Stateswarships. Twelve Flying Fortressesraid Rouen while six others bombDunkerque and Cherbourg in firstall-United States a ttack in Western Eu-rope.

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-0lTrcial E. S. N R T ~hotographAed amother raidagailzst W a k e Islamd.

August 19, 1942: Dieppe raided andheld for 9 hours by Canadians, sup-ported by Rangers, Commandoes, andFighting fi ench .August 22, 1942: Brazil declareswar against Germany and Italy.August 24, 1942: United Statesnaval and a ir forces hit two Japanesecarriers, a battleship,nd severalcruisers near Solomons.August 27, 1942: Russian bombersraid Berlin. The 45,000-ton Zowa,largest United States battleship, islaunched at Brooklyn Navy Yard.September 4, 1942: Russian planesraid Budapest for first time, and RAFbombers attack Bremen for 99th time.September 10, 1942: British simul-taneously attack three western! Mada-

gascar ports.September 15, 1942: Carrier Wasp issunk n south Pacific by submarine.Heavy fighting rages on Guadalcanalsince September 12.October 3,942: United Statestroops in Andreanof group of AleutianIslands.October 7, 1942: Japanese evacuateAttu and Agattu in Aleutians.October 9, 1942: Escorted by 500Allied fighters, 115 United StatesPage 12

bombers raid German-held industrialplants in Lille, France.October 13, 1942: Japanese loseheavy cruiser, four destroyers, and atransport in 30-minute battle at SavoIsland on night of October 11-12.October 24, 1942: British open of-fensive in Egypt.October 26,1942: Marines and Armytroops repulse Japanese attacks dur-ingnight of October 25-26. UnitedStates planes sink two Japanese de-stroyers, damage battleship and fourwarships near Guadalcanal. East ofStewart Islands, eight Japanese war-ships, including two carriers, are hit.October 31, 1942: Navy releases let-ter from Gen. George C. Marshall ex-pressing gratitude of the soldiers forthe skillful seamanship that has es-corted 800,000 of them across theAtlantic and Pacific.November 4, 1942: Axis armynEgypt in full retreat.November 7, 1942: Americans landon Mediterranean and Atlantic coastsof French African colonies. Lieut.Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower in com-mand.November 9,1942: Vichy and UnitedStates sever relations. United States

seizesVichy ships in United Stateharbors. Gen. Hemi Honore Giraudarrives in Africa from France to joinAllies.November 10, 1942: United Stateforces take Oran, continue occupatioof Algiers.November11, 1942: Admiral mancois DarlanordersFrench in NorthAfrica to cease flring. Axis troopmove into unoccupied France, occupyMarseilles, invade Corsica and TunisiaNovember 12, 1942: Americansjoined by British, take Bone in drivtoward Tunisia.November3, 14 , 15, 1942: Japanese expeditionary forces attempt-ing to recapture United Sta tes posi

tions in the Guadalcanal-Tulagi areof the Solomons were repulsed aftesuffering severe losses in ships andmen.November 13, 1942: British EighthArmy took Tobruk without oppositionand continued its westward pursuit ofRommels forces. The Germans completed occupation of the south coasof France.President Roosevelt ordered that Lend-Lease be extended toNorth African terr!tories occupied bythe United Nations.November5,942: Darlann-nounced thathehad assumed theposition of Protector of French interests in North Africa and tha t GeneraGiraudad been appointed commander in chief of French rmedforces in North Africa.November 17,1942: President Roosevelt stated that political anangements made with the French n NorthAfrica were a temporary expedientjustified by military considerationonly. General Franco ordered partiamobilization in Spain.November22, 1942: TheRussianslaunched a counter-offensive: a greadouble-flanking movement on Stalingrad, inflicting heavy losses on German forces. French West Afric(Dakar) placed itself under orders ofAdmiral Darlan.November 24,1942: Australians entered Gona and United Sta tes forcepushed close to Buna (inNew Guineaencountering stiff resistance from threinforced Japanese.November 27, 1942: Major portionof the French Fleet a t Toulon scuttled


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Strategy takes hape; wel l wi thim the yearhe All ied high commawds come together .1942 Home Front Record ImpressiveAmerica looks forward with assurance to thenew year despite great asks and obstacles

The first year of war was the yearof the production race-the race tocatch up with the advantage whichlong preparationhad given to ourenemies, and to surpass that advan-tage. We have caught up, and we arebeginning to pass our adversaries.But the race is still a long way fromthe finish line, and manyhurdlesremain to be cleared.In that year these things had to bedo2e: Raising, equipping, training,and transporting an army; producinga huge volume of weapons, materials,and food for our own fighting forcesand those of our Allies; and refash-ioning our civilian economy to per-mit it to function with maximumefficiency.It would have been difacult enoughto do these jobs if there had een time

Behind the ighting services isthehome front. What is donethere is vitally mportant to themilitary success. Th e accompany-ing reljort of what has been doingback home was prepared authori-tativelyyheOfice of WarInformation.

to work out the basic plans and thedetails of organization and function.But here was no time. The enemy,knowing that this year was to be cru-cial, was pressing on every front.Our asks had o be carried forward inahurry. It was necessary to meetthe requirements of the next day andyet provide the basic plant and organ-

ization for the still greater require-ments of the next year.Viewed in this light, the over-allaccomplishments of the past yearhave been considerable, despite mis-takes and shortcomings in details.Measured against the yardstick ofthe Presidents production goals oflast January, we produced a greatdeal, butot enough in everycategory.In theyear 1942 we shall have pro-duced approximately:49,000 planes.

32,000 anks and self-pt-opelledartillery.17,000 antiaircraft guns largerthan 20 mm.8,200,000 tons of merchantshipping.While we have reached the goal inmerchant shipping, we have fallenPage 13


16/64

behind in other categories. Yet thereare compensating factors. An in-creasing proportion of our planes areheavybombers. In addition to hetanks, many thousands of scout carsand half- and full-track carriersavebeen Produced which are as essentialto a well-roundedmechanized forceas are tanks themselves. Many, manythousands of antiaircraft machineguns have been turned out.

Moreover, the total volume of pro-duction for war has reached tremen-dous heights. In 1942 we shallhaveexpended some 47 billions for muni-tions and war construction, which issubstantially above the most opti-mistic estimate of our production pos-sibilities a year ago.

The record is impressive, but thereis no cause for contentment either inthe total figures or in the fact thatwe are now outproducing the Axis inarmaments. The difEculties which lieahead are as many orore than thosewhich have been surmounted.A year ago the overriding problemwas that of conversion of peacetimeindustry. By and arge hat is nolonger a problem. Some months agothe proper flow of raw materials wasthe great problem. That is still withUS, but steps have been taken whichshould go far towards giving us aworkable solution. The foremost tasknow is to bring into balance themyriad components of the programthrough Proper scheduling and pro-duction controls.

The production tasks of 1942 seemeasy compared to those which lieahead. In 1942 we were still livingoff our peacetime fat. We are nowclose to the bare muscle and we canonly proceed by toughening and in-creasing that muscle. In henextyear our program calls for so greatan increase in munitions productiontha t the roduction rate at thend of1943 will have to be double the ra teof the end of 1942. We are pressingcloser to the limits f our resources inmaterials, transportation, and power.And in the next ear we shall have topress close to the limit of our ulti-mate resource-manpower.Page 14

"Official U. S. N a r y photographOur subs rangeall th e sea and d o their job w e l l .

T o MacArthur ilz Australia go Americam tro op tramsports .


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A year ago 7,000,000 persons wereemployed in war work. Now the totalhas isen o 17,500,000. In 1943 wewill need t o add at least 5,000,000 oour working and flghting forces. Andby the end of tha t year nearly all ofour working population will be en-gaged in war work or in civilian workgeared to the war.In he year past our manpowerproblem was not one of nationalshortage, but of local shortages andbottlenecks in critical areas, aggra-vated by labor pirating and hoardingand discriminatory practices in hehiring of Negroes, workers from mi-nority groups, and women. In henext year local shortages will mergeintoanationalshortage which willrequire not only additions to the laborsupply from women and older andyounger people, but extensive trans-fers from nonwar industryand themost efficient utilization of our pres-ent labor force.Our transportation facilities carriedthe greatest volume of traffic in historyand both our railroads and truckingsystems set fine records. The nextyear will see ven greater burdenscast on them, with little, i f any, addi-tional equipment available. Rubber-

borne transportation-truck, bus, andprivate automobiles-presents. one ofour gravest problems, andstringenttire-conservation measures have beenundertaken t o assure against a break-down which might vitally impair ourproductive effort.Food and fiber production reacheda record high in 1942. Food produc-tion was 12 percent above 1941 and40 percent above the war year of 1918.A large proportion of this productionwas in proteins and fats, necessitiesin time of war-meat, milk, eggs, soy-beans.Increase o r even maintenance ofthis high level will not be an easymatter. Shortages of labor and farmmachinery are inevitable, althoughdeferment of essential farm workersand operators from military call willease the former. In he meantime,the food needs of our armed forcesare mounting to such an extent thatmilitary and lend-lease buying will

ON THE HOME FRONT:UNACCUSTOMED WORDS

Rationing:

HON. JAP SPY REPORTS:Very cold in U . S. A. last night.Coffee, iquor, alzd tires were frozen.-The Growler.

Censorshi ib :

face! Imagine what he must haveWhen I see him, Im going to slafi hiswritten, if even he Navy celzsored.theletter! The Scuttlebutt, Newport, R . I.

take 25 percent of our farm output.Shortages have developed in someproducts and willdevelop in others.

Yet an adequate over-all diet can beassured.Thepart played by management,labor, and the farmers n our produc-tion achievements cannot be overesti-mated.The doubts and hesitancieswhich impeded conversion of industrywent overboard soon after the begin-ning of the year, and conversion wasaccomplished in much less time thanmany had feared. Labor voluntarilysurrendered the right o strike, andit s leaders have loyally kept theiragreement. Labor-management com-mittees in some 1,800 plants havegiven us the basis for effective coop-eration and for participation y laborin theproductive process. Still, someunauthorized strikes remain, as do thelingering traces of business-as-usualin various corners of the productioneffort.The refashioning of our civilianeconomy has taken much effort.Effective stabilization of the civilianeconomyas delayed for manymonths over disagreement as tomeans and methods. By March 15,1942, he cost of living had risen some15 percent over the end of 1939. Butprice regulation instituted in Aprilheld down the increases in prices sub-ject to control to six-tenths of 1 per-cent as of October 15. Wage sta-bilization, one of the great issues ofthe year, has reached thestage ofsolution. Growing shortages of rub-ber, meat, sugar, coffee, and gasolineand fuel oil in the East brought thenecessity of rationing these and someother commodities to insure anorderly and air distribution of oursupplies. The otal volume of goodsavailable to civilian consumers hassteadily grown smaller. In the plentyof peacetime we can permit anyone tobuy a8much ashe wants because somewill always remain for hose who comelast. In he scarcity of war, thosewho cannot stock up must be able tosecure theirshare along with theirricher neighbors. Forhe comingYear efforts will be directed towardsguaranteeing the essentials of civilianliving to prevent such faltering of thecivilian economy as will impair thewar effort.

Page 15


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"Official U. S. Navy photographTHIS I S H O W T H E Y P L A N N E D IT

A posed photographakem from a dead ap's po cke t.

"Official U. S. Navy phOtoErZLDhTHKS I S H O W IT T U R N E D O U T

The campaign of the home fronhashad to be carried on in manother sectors. Unprecedented sumof money have been raised throughtaxesand public financing. In hefirst 10 months of 1942, over 13 billion dollars w as collected in taxes, anover 33 billion dollars was raisethrough the sale of bonds and othergovernment obligations. Provision hahad tobe made for expanding healtsanitary, and welfare services; morhousing has been and still is needefor war workers;a civilian defensorganization of 10,000,000 volunteerhas been built; the safeguarding oou r shoresandestablishmentsfromspies and saboteurs has required constan t vigilance.Not the least of our hosts of problems have been those of governmentaorganization. New organizationhave been created for productionmanpower, economic stabilization, thhandling of labor disputes and wageprice control, economic warfare, wainformation, andothermatters. Anetwork of combined boards havworked to fuse effectively our resources with those of the other UnitNations. Controversy still revolveover organizational problems, ansome of them will continue to be witus in the coming year. It took generationso build our tructure opeacetime government. Nowwe artrying, as we must, to build a war-time government in a year or two.

Our country has done a great deain this one year. Under any ordinarystandards we would be entitled to indulge in some degree of satisfactionThestandards of war, and npar-ticular of this war, are much too exacting for any feeling of satisfactionNext year calls for greater tasks andpresents uswith equal, if not greaterobstacles. The record of the past magive us his much assurance-that whave no cause for feeling that the o

Am umposed p ho tog rap h takem om Guadalcanal. aheadannot or will not be done.

Page 16


19/64

A Year Blessed With HeroesAmericans make their deeds ring throughoutthe world aswar preads to lour

American heroes by thehundredsare making their deeds ring roundthe world as the greatest war of alltimes sends armed forces of theUnited States to all fronts.The Navy, Marine Corps, and CoastGuard daily are producing their shareof the heroes in keeping with tradi-tions of the service as old asAmerica itself.In the 11-month period from De-cember 7, 1941, the day Pearl Harborwas attacked, o November15, 1942,the United States conferred 622 deco-rations on personnel of the Navy,Marine Corps, and Coast Guard.The Nations highest ward, theCongressional Medal of Honor, hasbeen estowed 21 times. The Dis-tinguished Service Medal has beengiven to 24 heroes; the Navy Cross t o361; Distinguished Flying Cross, 108;Air Medal, 22; Silver Star, 43;Navyand Marine Corps Medal, 16; and thenewest decoration, the Legion ofMerit, 1.

To those heroes who already havereceived Navy Crosses, there havebeen 26 Gold Stars awarded in lieu ofa second or third cross.CONGRESSIONALEDALF HONOR

Capt. Mervyn S.Bennion, USN (de-ceased) ; Lt. Comdr. John D. Bulkeley,USN; First Lt. George H. Cannon,USMC (deceased);Aviation Chief Ord-nanceman J o h n W. Finn, USN(wounded) ; Ens. Francis C. Flaherty,USNR (deceased) ; Commander Sam-uelG. Fuqua, USN; Lt. ( jg ) WilliamEdward Hall, USNR; Chief BoatswainEdwin J. Hill, USN (deceased) ; Ens.HerbertCharpiot ones, USNR (de-ceased) ; Rear Admiral Isaac Camp-bell Kidd, USN (deceased) ; Lt. Comdr.Edward H. OHare, USN; Lt. JohnJames Powers, USN (missing); ChiefRadioman Thomas J. Reeves, USN (de-ceased) ; Lt. Milton E. Ricketts, USN(deceased); Capt. Albert H. Rooks,USN (missing) ; Ens. Donald K. Ross,USN; Machinists MateFirst Class

Robert R. Scott, USN (deceased) ;Chief Water Tender Peter Tomich,USN (deceased) ; Capt. Franklin VanValkenburgh, USN (deceased) ; Sea-man,First Class, James R. Ward,USN (deceased) ; Capt. Cassin Young,USN (deceased).

DISTINGUISHEDERVICEE D A LMaj. William W. Benson, USMC (de-ceased) ; Vice Admiral Arthur LeRoyBristol, USN (deceased) ; Vice Admiral

Wilson Brown, Jr., USN; Capt. ElliottBuckmaster, USN; Rear Admiral Aub-rey WrayFitch, USN; Vice AdmiralFrank ackFletcher, USN: Admiral

-0flici:rl TJ. S. Nar>- photographAdmiral W7. . Halsey, hero of th eMarshabl and Gilberts l a d sraids, i s bemedaled by AdmiralChester Nimitz, commander inchief of the PacificFleet. Buthe was only beginning to wr i tehistory then.

cornersWilliam F. Halsey, Jr., USN; AdmiralThomas C. Hart, USN (retired); Lt.Col. Ira L. Kimes, USMC; Rear Admi-ral Thomas C. Kinkaid, USN; Capt.Spencer S. Lewis, USN; Rear AdmiralJohn S.McCain, USN; Admiral Ches-ter W. Nimitz, USN; Rear AdmiralWilliam R. Purnell, USN; Rear Ad-miral Francis Warren Rockwell, USN;Rear Admiral William Ward Smith,USN; Rear Admiral Raymond AmesSpruance, USN; Admiral William H.Standley, USN (retired), Admiral Har-old R. Stark, USN; Lt. Comdr. John S.Thach, USN; Rear Admiral Frank D.Wagner, USN; Capt. Homer N. Wallin,uSN; Capt. John Wilkes, USN; Com-mander James Dudley Wilson, (CEC)USN.

NAVYCROSSAbercrombie, Lt. Comdr. LaurenceA. , USN; Adams, Lt. Col. John P.,

USMC; Adams, Lt. Samuel, USN (GoldStar) ;Allen, Lt.Edward H., USN; Am-men, Lt. ( jg) John N., Jr., USNR; An-dersen, Lt. Harvey M., u s ~ ; nderson,Lt. Edward L., USN; Anderson, Com-mander William L., USN; Aurand, Lt.(jg) Evan P., USN; Aylward,t.Comdr., Theodore C., USN.Bain, Ens. John B., USNR; Baker,Lionel H., PhM2c, USN; Baker, Lt. PaulGerard, USN; Baker, Raymond D.,Private, USMC; Bangust,osephAMM2c, USN; Barnes, Ens. Doyle C.,USN; Baron, Lt. Comdr. Richard S.,USN; Barre, Lester J., Quartermaster2c, USN; Bash, Lt. (jg) Tom B., USNR;Bass, Lt. (jg)Harry B., USN (GoldStar); Bass, Horace A., Ens., USNR;Bauer, Lt. Louis H., USN; Becker,Claude Slc, USN; Behr, Ens. Anthony,USNR; Benson, Lt. (jg) Robert H.,USNR; Berry, Lt. (jg) David R., USNR(Gold Sta r) ; Binford, Capt. ThomasH., USN; Binning, Lt. (jg) Edward G.,uSNR; Bolser, Lt. Gordon E., USN;Bothne, Boatswain Adolph M., USN;Bottjer, Lt, f jg) George E., USNR; Bot-tomley, Lt. Harold s.,Jr., USN; Botts,Douglas, Shipfitter 2c, USN; Bowers,

Page 17


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Lt. Thomas K., SN; Brassfield, Lt.Arthur J., USN; Brett, Lt. Comdr.James H., Jr., USN (Gold Star ) ;Brid-get, Commander Francis J., USN;Brock, Ens. John Wiley, USN; Brock,Robert L.,MM2c, USN; Brown, JackP., CEM, USN; Brown, Thomas E., Lt.(jg), USNR; Bruun, Othello C., ChiefPay Clerk, USN; Buchan, Lt. (jg) Rob-ert B., USNR(Gold Star ) ;Bulkeley, Lt.Comdr. John D., USN (also Medal ofHonor) ; BURCH,t. Comdr. WilliamO., Jr., USN; Burford, CommanderWilliam P., USN; Butler, Ens. JohnClarence, USNR.Campbell, Ens. Kendall C., USNR;Campbell, Lt. ( jg) Robert K., SNR;Carl, Capt. Marion E., USMC; Carlson,Lt. Col. Evans F., USMC; Cassedy, Lt.Comdr. Hiram, USN; Chaffee,Ens.Davis Elliott, USNR;Champlin, Lt. ( jg)Malcolm M., USNR; Chappell, Lt. Com-dr. Lucius H., USN; Chapple, Lt. Wre-ford Goss, USN; Cheek, CommanderMarion Case, USNR; Christman, Lt.(T) Elwyn L., USNR; Christopher, Ens.Harald J., USNR (deceased); Clapp,Edward Sylvester, Carpenter's Mate,USN; Clement, Col. William T., SMC;Clifford, Ens. John K.,USNR; Cobb,Ens. Philip, USNR; Coe, Lt. Comdr.James W., SN; Coley, CommanderLewis E., USN; Connally, Lt. (jg)Clem B., USNR; Cook, Ens. George C.,USNR; Cooper,Lt.Comdr. Jacob E.,USN; Corl, Ens. Harry L., USN; Cope,Commander Harley P.. USN; Cousins,Lt. Ralph W., USN; 'COX, Lt. (jg)George E., USNR; Crommelin, Lt. $ich-ard, USN (Gold Star) ; Cruise, Com-mander Edgar Allen, USN; Cunning-ham, Commander Winfleld Scott,USN, (prisoner of war); Curry, Ens.Russell E., USNR; Curtis, Pharmacist'sMate, IC, Ned B., USN.Daly,Coxswain Edward C., USN(deceased); Danis, Commander An-thony, u s ~ ;arling, Corporal WillardD., USMC; Davis, Rear Admiral Ar-thur Caylery, USN; Davis, Ens, med-erick C., USNR; Davison,Lt.Comdr.Thurlow Weed, USN; Dawley, Lt. JackB., USN; Deewall, Commander Ray-mond G., USN; Dempsey, Lt. James C.,USN (Gold Star) ;Denniston, Lt. Rad-cliffe, Jr., USN; De Tar, Lt. Comdr.John L., USN; Devereaux, Maj. JamesP. S.,USMC (prisoner of war) ;Dexter,Ens. James Campbell,. USNR; Dibb,Page 18

"Official U. S.Nary photograph0sM i d w a y ,he fiag is raisedurimgreat v ic tory .

Ens. Robert A., USNR; Dickinson,Lt. son, Col. Merritt, USMC (Gold St ar );Clarence E., Jr., USN ( 2 Gold St ar s) ; Edwards, Ens. John Perry, USNR;Dickson,Lt. Harlan R., USN (Gold Edwards,Lt. Thomas E., Jr. , USN;Star);Dixon, Harold P., ACMM USN; Ekar, Lt. (jg) Joseph Anton, USNR;Dixon, Lt. Comdr. Robert E., USN Elder, Lt. ( jg) Robert M., USNR; El-(Gold Star) ; Donaho, Lt. Comdr. lison,Lt. Thomas Ballard, USN; Ely,Glynn R., SNR; Donaldson, Lt. ( jg) Lt. Arthur Vincent, USN; Esslinger,Trose E., USNR; Douglas, Master Gun- Lt. Robert J., USN; Estes, Ens. Georgenery Sergeant Charles E., USMC; G., USNR; Etcefl,hief ShipfitterDriskell, Platoon Sergeant JoeR., George D., USN; Eversole, Lt. (jg)USMC; Drury, Lt.Comdr. Martin J., John Thomas, USNR.USN; Dunlap, Lt. Ernest H., Jr., USN; Faires, Lt. Carl F., Jr., USN; Far-Dunn,Private Harry, USMC. rington, Lt. Robert F., USN; Faulkner,Eccles, Commander Henry E., USN; Lt. (jg) Frederic L., USNR; Felt, Com-Eder, Lt. ( jg ) WillarD., r., USNR; manderHarry D., USN; Fenno, Lt.Sdmondson, Ens. Robert I?.,USNR; Ed- Comdr. Frank W., Jr., USN; Ferriter,


21/64

"Official U. S. K a ~ yhotogra111:T h e r e i s t ragedy at ea: ciuil ians- c h i l d -o n an at tackedshifi.Lt. Comdr. Charles A., USN; Fisler Lt.(jg) rank M., USNR; Flatley, Lt.Comdr. James H., Jr.. USN; Fleming,Boatswain William S., USN; Fort,Capt. George Hudson, USN; Furer, Lt.A. B., USN.Galer, Maj. Robert E., USMC; Gayler,Lt. Noel A. M., USN (2 Gold Stars);Georgius, Capt. MelvinH., USN; Gil-more,Lt.Comdr.Howard W., USN;Gombasy,Coxswain Louis G., USN;Gordon, Ens. Robert Thornton, USNR;Graham, AMM IC Donald A., USN;Granston, Ens. Robert W., USN; Grant,Lt. James Dorr, USN; Greene, Ens.EugeneAllen, USNR; Grenfell, Lt.Comdr. Elton W., USN.

Haas, Chief Machinist John W.,USN; Haas, Lt. Walter Albert,' USNR;Hacker, Corp. Elmer, USMC; Hailey,Platoon Sergt. Charles E.Douglas,USMC; Haines, Capt. John N., USN;Halsey, Ens. Delbert Wayne, USNR;Hamilton, Lt. ( jg) Curtis, USN; Hamil-ton, Lt. Comdr. Weldon L., USN (GoldStar) ; Hansen, CMM Alfred L., USN;Hanson, Ens. Alden W.,USNR; Hanson,Pay Clerk Clifford A., USN; Hart, Lt.Patrick, H., USN; Haschke, Ens. MarvinUSN; Hastings, Comdr. William W..m a ; Hawes, Lt. Frederick W., USN;Hawes, Lt. Comdr. Richard E., USN;Haynes, Lt. (jg) Leon W., USNR; Haz-

M., USNR; Hastings, Lt. Burden R.,

elwood, Sergt. Harold R., USMC; Henry,Lt. Walter F., USN (Gold Star) ; Hills,Platoon Sergt. Clifford, USMC; Hilsky,Private Robert J., USMC; Hock, Boat-swain Herman E., USN; Hodges, Ens.Flourenoy Glen, USNR;Hogan, Lt. ( jg)Stephen C., Jr., USNR; Holder, Lt. (jg)Randolph M., USNR; Holmberg, Lt.Paul A., USN (Gold Star); Hourihan,Lt. Comdr. John J., USN; Howard, Lt.(jg) Curtis W., USN;Howe, Lt. Comdr.Hamilton W., USN; Hughes, Lt. JohnH., USN; Hurd, Lt. Comdr. Kenneth C.,USN; Hurst, Lt. Edwin W., USN '(de-ceased) ;Huttenberg, Lt. (jg) Allen J.,USNR; Hunt, Private Wilfred A., USMC.Isaman, Lt. (jg) Roy M., USNR;

Jaccard, Ens. Richard Alonzo, USNR;Jermann, Lt. Theodore L.. USNR; Jes-ter, Lt. Maurice D., uscca; Jewell,Capt. Jesse D., . (MC) USN; Johnson,Machinist's Mate IC Dale. L., USN;Johnson, Lt. (jg) Earl V., USN; John-son, Chief Boatswain William H., USN.Kabler, Lt. William L., USNR; Kauff-man, Lt. Draper L., USNR; Kelly, Lt.Comdr. Robert B., USN; Kinzer, Ens.Edward B., USNR; Kirk, Lt. Comdr.Oliver G.,USN; Kirkpatrick, Lt. Comdr.Charles C., USN (Gold Star) ; Kleiss,Lt. Norman Jack, USN; Knapp, Lt.Paul Joseph, USN; Knox,Lt. (jg) Les-lie Lockhart B. USNR.Lane, Lt. (jg) Charles S., USNR;Larson, Lt. ( jg) Lief W., USNR;Larson,Lt. Nils Rodney, USN;Laub, Lt. RobertE., USN; Lecklider, Lt. (jg) Russell P.,

USNR;Lemmon, Lt. Rollo Stuart, u s N ;Lent, Lt. Comdr. Willis A., USN (GoldStar) ; Leppla, Lt. ( jg) John A., USNR(Gold Star); Ley, Frederick C., Jr.Flc, USN;Lindsey, Lt. Comdr. EugeneElbert, USN; Longazel, Michael, Pla-toon ergeant, USMC; Lough, Ens.John Cady, USNR; Lurvey, Don Dexter,Macomber, Lt. (jg) Brainard T.,

uSNR; Marquis, Capt. Joseph T., uSN;Marshall, Lt. Comdr. Elliott, USN;Massey, Lt. Comdr. Lance E., USN;Mattis, Johnnie E., ACR, USN; Mazza,Lt. (jg) Harold R., USNR (Gold Star);McClusky, Lt. Comdr. Clarence W.,Jr., USN; McCormack, Lt. Vincent F.Cuskey,Lt. (jg) Elbert Scott, USNR,(Gold Star) ; McDaniel,Aucie, CMM,

Page 19

Isquith, Lt. Comdr. Solomon s. , USNR.

ACMM, USN.

USN; McCulley, Hale T.,SF, USN;MC-


22/64

USNR; McDonald, Lt. ( jg) Frank R.,USNR; McDowell, Lt. ( jg) Henry M.,USNR; McIntyre, Ens. Francis H., USN;McKinney, Lt. Comdr., Eugene Brad-ley, USN (Gold Star) ; McLawhorn,EverenC., AMM l/c, USN; McMurtry,Paul J. ChBM, USN; Mead, Harry R.,Aviation Radiomanl/c, USN; Merrill,Ens. MilfordA., USNR; Metts, Robert L.ElM 2/c, USN; Miller, Doris, Mess Att.l/c, USN; Miller, Lt. Jim D., USN;Moore, Fred K. Sea l/c, USN; Moran,Martin, Metalsmith l /c, USN; Morgan,Lt. Robert J., USN; Morrill, Lt. Comdr.John H., USN; Moseley,Lt.Comdr.Stanley P., USN; Mowery, Earl J.,Ser-geant, USMC; Mumma, Lt. Comdr.Morton C., Jr., USN; Murray, RearAdmiral George D., USN.Neefus, Maj. James L., USMC; Neely,Ens. Richard F., USNR; Newell, Lt.James H., USN; .Norton, Comdr.Stanley Cook, USN.Osberg, Ens. Carl A., uSNR; Osmus,Ens. Wesley Frank, USNR; O'Flaherty,Frank Woodrow,Ens., USNR; Oster,James C., Chief Boatswain, USN;Out-erbridge, Lt. Comdr. William W., USN.Parker, D., Private, USMC; Parker,Lt. Comdr.Edw,ard N., USN (GoldStar); Parker, William W., Gunner'sMate, 3c, USN; Parks, Lt. Comdr. Lew-is S., USN; Peiffer,Ens. Carl David,USNR;Penland, Lt. Joe R., USN; Peters,Dale L., Staff Sergeant, USMC; Peter-son, Ens. Dale W., USNR; .Peterson,

"Sixts in the "Great Lakes Bulletin.""S o happy! N o casualties-but sorrym u s t report 31 pilots wh o lose face!"

Page 20

"official U. S. Navy photoy~nT o Alask a, the aps-alzd after th emour forces.Robert J. , RM 2c, USN; Pettit , RobertLee, RM IC ,USN; Pharris, Ens. Jack-son C. (T),SN; Phillips, Capt. JohnS., USN; Pollack,Lt.Col.Edwin A.,Preston, Ens. Benjamin G., USNR.Quick, Sidney W., Aviation Pilot,First Class, USN; Quigley,Ens.An-thony J. , USNR.Ramsey, Capt. DeWitt C.,USN; Ram-sey, Lt. Comdr. Paul H., u s ~ ;ay, Lt.Martin H., Jr., USN; Rice, Lt. Comdr.Robert H., USN; Riggs, Lt. Comdr.Ce-cilD. (MC), USN; Riley,Ens. JosephA., USNR; Riley, Lt. Paul James, USN;Ring, Commander Stanhope C., USN;Ritter, Frederick H., CEM, USN; Robb,Lt. James 'W., Jr., USN; Roberts, Ens.Wilbur E., USNR; Roberts, William R.,ARMlc, USN; Robinson, Rear Ad-miral Arthur Granville, USN; Roche,Ens. DavidJ.,USNR; Rombach, Lt. (jg)Severin Louis, USNR; Rowley,Ens.John W., USNR; Rupertus, Brig. Gen.William, USMC; Ruth, Lt. ( jg ) Wesley

Sackett, Capt. Earl.,usN; Saunders,

USMC; Powers, Ens. Oswald A., USNR;

John Quincy, USNR; Roberts, Lt. (jg.1

H., USN.

Lt. Comdr. Willard A., USN; SchindleComdr. Walter G., USN; Schlegel, EnsPaul W., USNR; Schultheis,,Lt. Anthony J. , USNR; Schultz, E'ns. ArthuJoseph, r., USNR; Seligman, Commander Morton T., USN; SellstromEns. Edward R., USNR (deceased)Shearon, Ens. Bruce C., USN; SheltonEns. James Arnold, USNR; SheridanLt. (jg)ohn G ., USN; ShermanRear Admiral Frederick C., USN (GolStar); Sherwood,t. Gordon A.USN (Gold Star) ; Shumway, LtComdr.DeWitt W., USN; SimmonsEns. Alva A., USNR; Singleton, Lt. (jgD. Arnold, USNR; Smith, CommandeAshton B., USN; Smith, Lt. ComdrChester Carl, USN; Smith, HaroldFrancis, BM l/c, USN; Smith, Commander Harold P., USN; Smith, MaJohn L., USMC; Smith, Ehs. LeonardL., USNR; Smith, Ens. Robert E., USNRSmith, WilliamArnold,ChM, USNSnyder, J.L.,Chief Yeoman,USN; Steffenhagen, Lt. Lawrence F., SNR; Sterrie,Ens.Norman A., USNR; StewardLt. Comdr. Jerry A., USNR; StrongLt. Stockton B., USN; Suesens, Lt. ( jg

USNR; Short, Lt.Comdr. W. C., Jr


23/64

Richard W., USN; Swanson, Lt. Chand-ler W., USN.Talbot, Capt. Paul H., USN; Talking-

ton, Lt. ( jg) Harley E., USN; Taussig,Lt. ( jg) Joseph K., Jr., USN; Taylor,Donald C., Gunner, USN; Taylor,Lt. Comdr. Joe, USN; Taylor, Lt.Thomas H., USN; Teaff, Lt. Perry L.,USN; Thach, Lt. Comdr. John S., USN(also Distinguished Service Medal) ;Thatcher, Albert C.,AMM 2/c, USN;Thayer, Comdr. William Rudolph,USN; Thomas, Lt. Comdr. Francis J.,USNR; Thomas, Lt. (jg) Lloyd, USN;Thomas, Lt. ( jg) Robert E., Jr., USN;Tucker, Lt. Comdr. Alfred B. 111,

Underhill, Ens. Samuel J., USNR.Vaessen, John B., ElectriciansMate, 3c, USN; Van Bergen, Com-mander Nicholas Bauer, USN; VanBuren, Lt. ( jg) John J., USN; Van-degrift, Maj. Qen. Alexander A.,USMC; Vandivier, Lt.jg) NormanFrancis, USNR; Varian, Ens. BerthamStetson, Jr., USNR; Veeder, Lt. Comdr.William S., SN; Vejtasa, Lt. StanleyW., USN; Visto, Ernest Richard F ~ c ,USN; Voge, Lt. Comdr. Richard G.,

Wagoner, Leonard H.,AMM IC,USN; Wakeham, Ens. J. Donald, USNR;Walker, John H., Pay Clk ( s c ) , USN;Warder, Lt.. Comdr. Frederick B.,USN; Ware, Lt. Charles Rollins, uSN;Wassell, Lt. Comdr. Corydon (MC) ,USNR; Waterman, Andrew K.,AIC , USN; Weber, Ens. Frederick T.,USNR (deceased); West, Lt. JohnNorman, USN; White, Capt. ArthurJ. (MC) , USN; White, Lt. Comdr.David C., USN; Whitney, Lt. Comdr.Rintoul T.; Whittier, Lt. (jg) MarkT., USNR; Wileman, Ehs. William W.,USNR (deceased) ; Wilkins, Lt. Comdr.Charles W., USN; William, Ens. Rob-ert P., USNR; Willingham, Lt. Comdr.Joseph H., Jr., USN; Williamson, Capt.Edward J., n s ~ ;Wilson, Rual S.,MMl/c, USN; Wingfield, Ens. JohnDavis, USNR; Wiseman, Lt. (jg) Os-borne B., USN;Wood, Lt. (jg) GeorgeO., USN; Woollen, Lt. (jg) William

USN.

USN.

S., USNR; Wright, Lt. Comdr. William Barnes, Ens. William W., Jr., USNR;L., USN; Wyrick, Ens. James Wood- Bash, Ens. Tom B., USNR (also Navyrow, USN. Cross) ; Bennett,Harmon Donald,ARM~c, USN; Bergeron, Dallas J.,Paul, ARM3c, USN; Bergin, WilliamAdams, Ens. John P., USNR; Amme, Hart, ARMlc, USN; Blitch, Lt. JohnLt. Carl H., Jr .; Atherton, Lt. (jg) D., USN; Brewer, Charles Edwin, Gun-Sumner s., Jr., USNR. ner, USN; Brown, Lt. (jg)ra Wil-

DISTINGUISHEDLYING CROSS ARM3c, USN; Bergeron, Frederick

--@fficial I-. . S a ~ y hotograghBut there were osses at sea: the t rWasp s mortal ly hurt .Page 21


24/64

"Official U. S . Navy photographT h e @ a me A f r i c a ; t h e N a v yook the Army over there.liam, USNR; Brunetti, Anthony W;,RM3c; USN; Bull,Lt. (jg) Richard,USNR (deceased) ; Burch, Lt.Comdr.William O.,r., USN (also Navy Cross).Campbell, Lt. Duncan A., ,USN;Chochalousek, Walter G., ACR, USN;Clark, Lt. (jg) HowardF.,USN;Clarke,Lt. (jg) W.E., USNR; Coleman,Lt.(jg) Samuel E.;Coons, Ray Edgar,ARMlc, USN; Craig, Horace Henry,ARMlc, USN; Co'wden, Harold R.,ARMlc, USN.Dance, James Dewey, RM2c, USNR;Daniels, Lt. James G. 111,USN; Davis,Lt. (jg) ohn F.,USNR; Deede, Lt.(jg) Leroy C., USNR; Dickey,SecondLt. Robert Lee, USMC; Dobson, Lt. (jg)

Eder, Lt. (jg) Willard E., USNR(also Navy Cross).Forshee, -LynnRaymond, ARM~c,USN; Forward, Lt. (jg)Richard B.,

Gallagher, W. E.,ARMlc, USN;Garlow,Albert W.,ARM2c, USN;Georgious, Melvin H., ACO, USN (alsoNavy Cross); Gibbs, Ens. Harry B.,USNR; Glidewell, Willard E.,AChRm,USN; Godfrey, Joseph Vernon, ARM3c,USN;Gray, Lt. James S., Jr., USN.Halford, Ens. James A., USNR; Ham-ilton, Lt. (jg) Curtis, USN (also NavyCross) ; Harp, Wilburn D., eamanIC, USN; Henning, Jack Charles,Page 22

Cleo John, USNR.

USN.

ARM2c, USN; Hodgens, Robert J.,ARM3c, USN; Hoffman, Lt. Charles C.,Howell, Earl Edward, RM2c, USN;Hurst , Lt. Edwin W., USN (also NavyCross); Hyland, Lt. John Joseph, Jr.,

Jaap, Lt. Comdr. Joseph A., USN;Johnson, David Frederick, Jr., AMMlc,Keller, Lt. Clarence A., Jr., USN;Kendrick, SecondLt. Charles, USMC(deceased) ; Kleiss, Lt. Norman Jack,

USN (also Navy Cross); Kroeger, Lt.(jg) Edwin ., USNR; Kunz,SecondLt. Charles M., USMC.Lackey, Lt. John H., USNR; LaPlant,George A.,AMM2c, USN; Lees, WillisS. 111, Second Lieutenant, USMCR;Lovelace, Lt. Comdr. Donald A., USN;Lynch, Joseph Michael, ARM2c, USN.Mangrum, Lt. Col. Richard C.,

USMC; Mason,Ens.Donald Francis,USN; McCafferty, Lt. Donald.,USMC; McCarthy, Lt.rancis P.,USMC; McCauley, Lt. James W., USN;McCluskey, Lt. Comdr. Clarence W.,Jr., USN (also Navy Cross) ; McCusky,Lt. (jg) Elbert Scott, USNR (also NavyCross); Mehle,Lt.RogerW., USN;Morgan, Lt. Robert J., USN (also NavyCross) ; Murray, James F., ACR, USN.Peterson, Comdr. John V., USN;Phelps, Otto Russell, CR. USN; Pinter,

USN; Hollowell, Lt. George L., USMC;

USN.

USN.

D

Lt. (jg) Francis E., SNR; Pixley, Por-ter William, ARM3c, u s ~ .Rawie, Lt. (jg) Wilmer E., USN;Register, Ens. F. R., USNR; Riley, Lt.Paul J., USN.; (also Navy Cross) ;Riner, Lt. James A., USN; Robertson,(jg) William S., USN;Roll, Joseph E.,ARM2c, USN; Rowell, Ens. RichardM., USNR; Runyon, DonaldEugene,

Shropshire, Jack Alven,ARM2c,USN; Snowden, John Warren, RM2c,USN; Snyder, Ens. John Charles, Jr.,USNR; Sobel, Alvin, ARMlc,USN; Som-ers, Capt. Charles W., USMC; Stanley,Forrest G., ARMlc, USN; Stanley, Lt.(jg) Onia B., USNR; Starkes, Lt. (jg)Carlton Benedict, USNR; Steffenhagen,Ens.LawrenceF., USNR (also NavyCross) ;Stover, Lt. E. T., USNR; Straub,Walter Dean, ACR, USN.Talkington, Harley, Gunner, USN(also Navy Cross) ; Tepuni, Ens. Wil-liam, USN; Thompson, Lewis McKin-ley, ACMM (NAP), USN; Till, LeslieAlan, Radioman, 3c, USN.Utter, Lt. Comdr., USN.Van Buren,Lt. (jg)John J., USN(also Navy Cross); Vorse,Lt.Albert

Wampler, Lt. French, Jr., USN;Weaver,SidneyKay, ARM3c, USN;Wood, Frank B., ARM3c,USN;Wright,Lieut. (jg),USNR.Young, Commander Howard L.,USN; Zimmershead, Clarence Eugene,

Lt. (jg) John M., USNR; Robinson, Lt.

Mach., USN.

o.,USN.

AMMlc, USN.AIR MEDAL

Anderson, Lt.Edward L., USN (alsoNavy Cross) ; Arnold,George , H.,Aviation Radioman 3c, USN.Badgley, Jack Richard, AviationChief Radioman, USN; Bruce, ThomasJames, Radioman3c, USN.Check,Lt. (jg) Leonard J. , USN(wounded) ; Cole, Lt. William, USN.Deacon, Lt. (jg) Edward T., USN;Dickinson, Lt. Clarence E., Jr. , USN;(also Navy Cross) ;Donnell, Ens. EarlR., Jr., USNR (deceased).Fogg, Lt. (jg) Carleton T., USN (de-ceased).Holcomb, Ens. Keith H., USNR.Lanham, Lt. Harvey P.,USN.Patriarca, Lt. Frank A., USN.; Pen-land, Lt. Joe R., USN.


25/64

1

Roberts, Lt. (jg) Wilbur E., USNR;Rutherford,. Lt. Reginald, USN.Schneider, Ens. Tony F., USNR;&id,Ens. Daniel, USNR; Smith, Lt. LloydA.,USN; Stone, Ens. Reid Wentyorth,Troemel, Lt . (jg) Benjamin H., USN.West, Lt. (jg) John N., USN (also

USNR.

Navy Cross).SILVERTAR

Abasta, Frank P., Apprentice Sea-man, USN; Blair, Eugene, ChiefMachinists Mate USN (deceased);Brewer, James Jack, Chief Shipfitter,Cucinello, Nicholas George, ChiefWater Tender, USN; DeCottes, EatonPleasants, Boatswains Mate IC,USN;Ellison, Roy Elmer, Fireman 2c, USN;Fredericks, Harry G., Jr., Coxswain,USN; Fraleigh, Lt. Claude, USN (DC) ;Harris, Glen Livingston, MachinistsMate 2c, uscG.Head, George William, Chief Phar-macists Mate, USN; Heyman, Harry,Coxswain, USN; Hoban, EdwardConnor, Gunners Mate 3c, USN;Jansen, Earl Frank, Fireman IC,USN;Kearney, Lt. Edward A., USN.Kilburn, Robert G.,oatswainsMate 2c, USNR.McCain,Lindell H., Radioman 3c,USN; McManus, Lt. Francis J. (Ch. C) ,

USN; Brinn, Lt. (jg) Rufus T., USNR;

Those Who Stay on the GroundW e read of he exploits, daring, nd hold,And compare these flyers to knights of oldOy the men who fly our planerIn combative skill and brains. W e a ud them in rtory, prniie them in rongFrequently write of the brnwe and he strongAnd poets, the like of me,W ho fight ovir land and sea.They merit the praise we freely bestow-Bu t what of he ground crews who rtay belowA payment woefully rmall-A n d fc t no credit at all?They labor and slave in crease and in oil,Therc true American rons,Ye t little ir said of the w valued to11On stubborn motorr and guns.And if gunr wont shoot and motorr ulont runHasnt a ghost of a chance w ~ t h Hu nA Pycr with worldr of skillOr a l a p who shoots to kill!

S A Th e next timc a flver attract1 your eaze, , 1k t our lusty cheers resound,Bu t save if you can a bit of your praireFor those who rtuy on the ground.-.M.H . E .

USN; Meeker, Jack Forest, WaterTender, IC ,USN; Miller, Harold C.,Boatswains Mate IC , mcc; Mills,Reginald, Gunners Mate 3c, USN.Newman,Edwin Booth, Coxswain,USNR; Norton, George J., GunnersMate 3c, USN.Oswald, HarveyE., Machinists Mate2c, USN (deceased).Parks, Floyd D., Fireman IC, USN(deceased).; Pogreba, Paul R., Boat-swains Mate IC,USN.Ricks, Lt. (jg) Robert Byron, USNR;Rombach, Ehs. Severin L., UsNR.Schill, Gustav William Jr., GunnersMate 3c, USNR; Schuler, Ralph E., Fire-man IC, USN; Shapley, Lt. Col. Alan,USMC; Sparling, William Allerton,Boatswains Mate 2c, USCG;Steele,James Howard, Chief MachinistsMate, USN.Tarr, Daniel James, BoatswainsMate 2c, USCG.Viera, Joseph, Carp. M. IC,USN.Waggoner, Raymond L., Chief Ma-chinists Mate, USN; Wagoner, Ray-mond L.,MM, USN; Weinmann,Charles Ernest, Chief MachinistsMate, USN; Wilson, LeRay,Metalsmith2c, USN (deceased);Wood, Samuel H.,Chief Shipfitter, USN; Woollon, Lt.William L., USNR; Wright, Jack E.,Chief Boatswains Mate, USN; Wyffells,Lawrence Edward, Shipfitter IC ,USN.b Bothne, Boatswain Adolph M., USN(also Navy Cross); Bruce, John R.,Boatswains Mate IC,USN; Buie, Em-erson D.,Chief Gunners Mate, u s ~ ;Daniel, Lt. Comdr. John C., USN;Fassler, George A., Gunners Mate IC ,USN, retired; Holbrook, Hoyt, AviationChief Machinists Mate, USN; Ken-nedy,Lisle A., Electricians Mate 3c,USN; Marsh, R a y m o n d J., WaterTender 2c,urn;Pearson, Norman C.S.,Sergt., USMC; obinson, James Lee, Jr.,Seaman 2c, USNR; Rynd, Lt. ( jg)Robert W., USN; Schmitt, Lt. ( jg)AloysiusH. (Ch.0, USN (deceased);Sweatt, Bill, Fireman 2c, USN; Sweatt,Ensign Robert Arnold, USNR; Thomas,William S.,Shipfitter IC,USN; Viera,Joseph, Carpenters Mate IC,USNR.

NAVY ND MARINEORPS MEDAL

LEGIONF MERITBernatitus, Miss Ann A., Chief

CASUALTIESThe Total to November 15Shows 4,929 Dead, 2,157Wounded, 10,166 Missing

Casualties of United States navalforces-dead, wounded, and miss-ing-reported tonext of kin romNovember 1 o November 15,1942, in-clusive, totaled 747. They are sub-divided into the following classifica-tions:Dead 304Wounded 252Missing 191Total 74 7

-Thepreponderantshare of thesecasualties resulted from direct actionwith the enemy, but included in thetotal ar e names of those who werelost in accidents at sea and in the iron duty directly connected with war-time operations. Naturaldeaths oraccidents not connected w i th opera-tions against the enemy are not in-cluded in the total.The casualties in this list, No. 17,cover personnel of t he Navy and Ma-rine Corps. No Coast Guard casual-ties are included.Some of those under the classifica-tion of missing may ave beenrescued at sea and landed at isolatedspots or otherwise made their way tosafety at places from which they havehad no opportunity to communicatew i t h United States Naval authorities.List No. 17 brings the total of Navy,Marine Corps, and Coast Guardcasualties eported tonext of kin

from December 7, 1941, to November15, 1942, inclusive, to a grand total of17,252.A recapitulation of these casualties,including corrections, follows:D e a d Wounded M i s s i ngNavy 4,117 1,424 8,140Marinecorps 77522 1,900Coast Guard 37 11 126

Total: 4,929 2,157 10,166Page 23


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Admiral Scotts Triumph RevealedTask Force under his command accounted foreight enemy vessels in Cape Esperance action

Rear Admiral Norman Scott, USN,who was killed in action while leadinga task force in he grea t Solomonsbattle which saw more than a score ofJapanese ships sunk (see page 2 1 ,distinguished himself a month beforeas commander of a United Statestask force in abattle off Cape Es-perance in the Solomons.This earlier battle-in which eightJa p ships were sunk-occurred on thenight of October 11 and 1 2 after theJapanese for several weeks had beensuccessful in making sneak landingsat night upon Guadalcanalromcruisers, destroyers and small trans-ports.Navy and Marine Corps planes fromthe airfield on Guadalcanal had per-sistently attacked these landing par-ties. But air a ttackalone did not stopthem.The ask group, under com-mand of Rear Admiral Scott, aboardthe flagship, the U. S. S. Sun Frun-cisco, was ordered to do the. ob.On October 11, the task force hadbeen patiently waiting outside therange of enemy air reconnaissance,the trap was set, and on that da y thegame wasiscovered approaching.United States planes spotted an en-emy task force composed of cruisers,destroyers, and ransports steamingat high speed toward Guadalcanal.About midnight, as our task forcemade all speed to intercept the en-

emy, six enemy ships were made outto starboard-three appeared to belarge, hree smaller. Thenight wasdark and he sea was smooth withlong swells running.According to Rear Admiral Scott,writing in his last report which wasnot received by the Navy Departmentuntil after his death in the Novemberbattle, the enemy formation wascaught off guard and was poorly dis-posed to meet theattack. Completesurprise, often a deciding factor nnight battle, was achieved.The American vessels laid out theirguns on the leading heavy ship andthe ordero fire was given. In amatter of seconds the target lit up-fire amidships. By the light of theblaze she was tentatively identifledas a heavy cruiser of the Nati class.Our ships pounded her for 4 minutesand she sank,going down by the bowswith her screws still turning.Meantime, splashes from gunfirewereobservedon either side of asmaller ship. Shortly this ship couldno longer be seen although the shellsplashes were still visible. Reportsindicated that she was a destroyerand that she broke in two and sank.A minute later another enemy tar -get exploded and disappeared underthe murderous fire of the Americanships. A two-stacked J a p a n e s ecruiser was hit and fires broke out on

her bow, illuminating her midsection.Shortly,she exploded violently sev-eral times and was not seen again.Firesnext wereobserved burningon an enemy destroyer. Our gunsgot her and shedisappeared. A shorttime later,a ixth hip exchangedshots with theUnited States force forthree long minutes.Thenshe blewup under our fire.During the morning of October 12,Navy and Marine Corps torpedoplanes and dive bombers left Guad-alcanal to locate and attack the re-treating enemy ships. About 10oclock, twoenemy cruisers were over-taken south of New Georgia Island.A torpedo hit was obtained on onecruiser, and several bombsexplodednearby. The cruiser was left deadin he water and burning.That afternoon, an air group fromGuadalcanalttacked an enemycruiser and a destroyer, also in theareasouth ofNew Georgia Island.A direct bomb hit severely damagedand stopped the cruiser. When lastseen her crew were abandoning ship.It is believed that this cruiser hadbeen damaged during the previousengagements. A direct hitand sev-eral near misses set Are to the de-stroyer accompanying the cruiser, andshe was left in a sinking condition.As a result of the night action andthe air attacks the ollowing day, the

Official U. S . Xa r y photographT h e U . S . S . Boise: a one -ship leet she uws called after the batt lef C ape Esperance.

Page 24


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Ofticia1 U. R . Sary phoRear Admira2 Normam Scott , S N , killed later n amother battle , led is force to uictory.

enemys oss totaled 8 ships sunk-3 heavy cruisers, 4 destroyers, and 1light cruiser.United States losses were only onedestroyer, the U. S. S. Duncan, sunkand several ships damaged.Typical of the experiences of theAmerican ships in the action was thestory of the U. S. S. Boise whichreturned to theUnited States Novem-ber 19 bringing with her the scars ofenemy shells and he fighting rec-ord of a veritable one ship fieet.Under the command of Captain E.J. Mike Moran, USN, the Boise

her hull 9 Eeet below the water line.Mast-high flames enveloped her.Admiral Scott wrote: T h e fire onher forecastle was so intense and ofsuch size that at one instant I fearedwe might lose her.Her sister ships actually gave her upfor lost and continued on the battlecourse. And then, 2 hours later, outof the darkness came the Boise,steaming at 20 knots to rejoin theforce and resume her accustomedstation in the column.Her fires were out. She wasdown

Pumps were sucking out the watershe had taken through her torn sides.And her wounded had received suchefficient medical aid that everyonesubsequently recovered.In the 27 minutes of nerve-tearingbattle, aggravated by the normal con-fusions of a night action, no man inthe ship failed in his assigned duties.Of the boys, as he called them, Cap-tain Moran had this to say: Exceptas he direct result of enemy hits,the ships organization functionedsmoothly. efficiently, and without abdre the brunt of the fighting.She by the head, but on an even keel, Her break throughout the action and dur-received hits fromno less than 11 damaged bulkhead was shored up. ing the difficult and dangerous dam-

straddles. One 8-inch shell pierced Holeswerelugged wjth bedding. age control work which followed.

- . . .


28/64

Greatest of Its Kind in HistoryJoint naval operation transporting troopsfor African invasion uses 850-ship armada

Thegreatest naval operation of its are about the job-itwas over. lit- o Morocco and Algeria. The onlykind in history, ndertaken jointly bythe United States and BritishNavies,made possible the landings and occu-pation of French North Africa, begin-ningSundaymorning, November 8.The problemwas to ransport hehuge army from distant bases, undercover of secrecy, so that troops coulddisembark from manydifferent pointsa t exactly the same time with enoughstrength and surpriseo accomplish adifficultmission. The naval unitsdid it.There was not a lot of fuss or fan-

erally, before the shooting began, andthe spectacular land campaign, tookprecedence in theublic mind becauseth at issue was not yet settled, whereasthe naval part of the operations wasan accomplished fact. But months ofplanning and training went into theaction, and theperfect result was itsownevidence of the care and skillmobilized to the task.Five hundredroop and supplyships, escorted by more than 350 war-ships, comprised thearmada whichcarried British and American forces

-casualty until landing operations ac-tually got under waywas one shiptorpedoed, and ha t ship, too, pro-ceeded to its appointed place in thelanding operation.Casualties for the entire operationwere very light, considering the sizeand type of operation.The estimated total was 2,010, in-cluding 360 dead, 1,050 wounded, and600 missing.The campaign was timed superblyto come just after the British EighthArmy on the otherside of the African

Page 26


29/64

.

continent had smashed the Nazi A f-rika Korps, and was chasing it west-ward. Thus the Americans were in aposition to move swiftly east into Tu-nisia and meet General Rommels re-treat, while from the south a columnof Fighting French moved up to helphem in the Nazis on the third side.As indicated by the map on page26 , the principal Allied landings weremade a t seven points, four in Algeriaand three in rench Morocco. Flank-ing operations were made at Oran andAlgiers in the init ial movement, andlater n he week, as he Americanarmy pushed toward Tunisia, newlandings were effected at Bougie andBone. Coastal batteries nd smallnaval units held up he Americanoccupation until Tuesday at Oran.Two small American cutters were lostwhen they attemptedo break

through theharbor boom at the startof the a ttack, and a number of othercasualties were ufferedbefore thecity was officially occupied a t 1230 onthe 10th.Vichyacknowledged thatthree French destroyers were put outof action and grounded, and a fourthwas sunk at the entrance to the har-bor before Oran surrendered.But the principal fighting took placeat Casablanca. Landings had beeneffected at Safi, 140 miles south ofCasablanca, a t Fedhela, 15miles northof Casablanca, andat Mehdia, 18miles north of Rabat. Press reportsindicate that American naval unitsjoined Armycolumnsmoving southfrom Fedhela to reduce the local de-fenses. In a naval action outside theport of Casablanca, a strong Frenchdestroyer force was said to have beenwiped outndhe incompleteFrench battleshipJean Bart was bat-tered badly and set afire in the har-bor. The lightcruiser Primauget wasalso badly damaged. It was not untilWednesday that he French com-mander asked for an armistice, hismeans of resistance exhausted.

.On that same day, November 11,allFrench resistance came to an end incompliance with orders from AdmiralJean Franpois.Darlan, representinghimself as commander in chief ofFrench forces in Africa.The political questions involvedaround Darlans position in theVichygovernment, and heantipathy o-ward him by the Fighting French,were not immediately settled, but the

-0lIiri;ll 1: S. pl~otogr :~phT he Yalzks Are Comilzg! Alzd olzto Africas beaches they came.

military problems were vastly simpli- expeditionwas carried out n Greatfied by Darlans action. Britain by Admiral Sir Bertram H.This wasclearly illustrated within Ramsay pending thearrival ofAd-a fortnight by Darlansdelivery of miral Cunningham from his assign-Dakar. the imDortant Atlantic sea ment in the United States*base, to Allied hands. On November23, it was announced that he city,which had thwarted an early Fight-ing French attempto land, wasswitching to the Allied side. Stronglygarrisoned, Dakar might have been.acostlyobjective if military necessitywere involved.One week after the firs tandings, onNovember 15, the Allied headquarterswas able to issue a communiquC put-ting t he whole naval action in hepast tense, so quickly and effectivelyhad the task beendone. The com-munique was as follows:Admiral Sir Andrew Browne Cun-ningham had charge of naval opera-tions. Preliminary planning for the

The basis work contributed by Ad-miral Ramsay contributed in a greatmeasure to the excellent timing andsmooth running of the convoy move-ments whichwere unprecedented incomplexity.The senior naval officerson thestaff, aside from Admiral Cunning-ham, include Rear Admiral B. H.Bieri, and Capt. M. Jerauld Wright,United States Navy.The Navys responsibility consistedof insuring the safe and timely ar-rival of the large expeditionary forcescomprising many ships of various ton-nage and speeds ranging from linersand trawlers which had to be movedacross more than 3,000 miles of sub- .marine-infested waters.Page 27


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-. . .. ._ . .i-

Never before in history have sea-borne amphibious operations beenlaunched so far from their Points ofdeparture without secondary bases.The expedition wasdivided intothree main forces.One was directed at French Moroc-co with Casablanca asts center.This was composed of United Statesships commanded by Rear AdmiralH. K. Hewitt , United States Navy,and was prepared in and sailed directfrom the United States.The other two forces were aimedat Algeria, w i t h Algiers and Oran asfocal points. These were commandedby Rear Admiral Sir Harold M. Bur-rough and Commodore Thomas Trou-bridge, of the Royal Navy, respective-ly. The convoys engaged in the Al-gerian operations were routed so asto pass through the Strait of Gibral-tar without mutual interference andtheir arrivals were timed so that as-sault troops landed simultaneously onthe beaches at 1 a. m. November 8 .The diverting of different groupsof assault ships to their triking pointsand the taking up of accurate posi-tions close inshore n the darknessealled for a high standard of navi-gation and ship handling on the partof merchant navy masters.The vital elements of surprise ne-cessitated wireless silence andheminimum of visual signaling.

Every ship arrived and disem-barked their assault troops punctuallyexcept for one which was damagedby a torpedo and which subsequentlyreached harbor. This was the onlycasualty prior to the landings.Cover against powerful Axis sur-face forces in the Mediterranean wasprovided by forces of British capital.shipsndircraft carriers.hisforce was commanded byVice Ad-miral Sir Neville Syfret with Rear A d-miral Arthur L. St. G. Lyster in com-mand of the carriers.

A force of United Statescapitalships under Rear Admiral Robert G.Giffen, United States Navy, acted asthe covering force forhe Casa-blanca operations against Vichy orAxis interference in he Atlantic. Anaval air force under Rear AdmiralErnest D. McWhorter, United StatesNavy, supported the operations.Allied submarines operated success-fully and unremittingly, both in theMediterranean and the Atlantic.Page 28

H uge c o ~ v o y s 8 ~ 0hips im al l -brought the Army t o Afr ica .Eyewitness in North Africa

A Sailor Tells as Much as Can BeTold of the Sea Battle for Landings.It is difficult to write anything evenreasonably descriptive of the past fewdays; there is so much to say and solittle can be told. We are on our wayhome again m w , still many hundreds

of milesaway, and yet it begins toseemvery nearafter he rapid-fireevents of past weeks. That wordHOME can be the most beautifulword of four let ters n he Englishlanguage at a time like this.We left the pleasant blue waters ofour temporary base still less than amonth ago, though it seems so muchlonger, and pointed toward the manyleagues of open sea. But before weleft the Captain gathered us togetheron the antailand made brief butmost eloquent talk. We were t o meetdanger in a tangible form for the firsttime. We had raining, practice, ex-perience. We must be on the job nowmore than everbefore. Destinationcould not bedivulged but we couldcomplete our assignment and comeback home again with all hands wellaware of the importance of the mis-sion. Good luck! Believe me, itstruck home.Day later we had an epoch-makingrendezvous far at sea and proceeded

The accomfianying article, sentespecially to the nformation bul-letin, is anyewitness accountwritten b y Scott Sappeafield,Rdm 3/c, of the landing action on.the coast o f French North Africa.

througha stretch of miserably bweather and roaring seas. Every hopassed so slowly but brought us neaand nearer our goal. Lights were extinguished even below decks afsunset. Lookouts, radiomen, signamen-all hands on duty were silent watches-listening, peerinthrough the blackness at night. Smgroups not on watch huddled togethand talked quietly: where wouldwestrike-what would our task involhow long would it ake (w i t h lucbefore we couldcome home againwives, girl friends, streets, and showe used to know, heaping dishes good things to eat.

The night before the zero hour fehands slept a t all. General quarter(battle stations) would begin at dawand las t many hours-days perhap


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I shall alwaysremember the begin-ning. The beachwas warned to ex-tinguish lights. Someoneoolishlyplayed a searchlight toward the sea,and the first guns roared. The lightwas shattered, and thenxious days ofwaiting werever. Planes soaredtoward the shore and were met byantiaircraft fire. Bombs sped towardtargets dimly visible through thegreydawn, and the big guns of the largerships roared in he distance. Firessprung up, and we could see he fiamesagainst the sky fa r away.We held our battle stations for 15hours and retired tosea at night, butthe crew did not rest. For 4 days wecontinued our assignment as planesbombed, guns bombarded, troops andsupplies landed. Our particular dan-ger was against dive bombers and anenemy-infested sea of subs. We wereoperating under a lucky star, I think,particularly on he morning of thefifth day. At one time we were liter-ally surrounded by sub soundcon-tacts, periscopes, and torpedo wakes.The messagefinally came to bearaway from the danger zone, and nonetoo soon, I shall always think. How-ever, we still did not know the statusof our mission.Reliable informationwas mighty scaxce during these daysuntil the word arrived on the morn-ing of the s ixth day. and was passedalong to he crew. We ar e goinghome, but not out of danger yet. Youhave done a fine job; Do not relaxnow. A motleyrew greeted theword that morning. Hair long andmatted, beards shaggy, eyes glazedndtired. What little food there w as hadbeen served on station, and none ofus had experienced a good sleep, bath,nor meal for days.Words of justicecannot be written for he splendid,tireless performance of our com-mander, our captain, the officers, indi-vidually and as a whole, and for thecrew, man for man.And so I have had my first contactwith enemy, and one I shall not for-get in he years to come.We lostsome men, some planes. Some of ushad friends that will not come back,but we were prepared to expect evenworse and were thankful to God forthe success of our mission andforthe privilege of coming home again.

Coast Guards SPARring PartnersApproximately 4,000Women to Join asWomensReserve,Similar oWAVES.

Approximately 4,000 *women will betaken into the omens Reserve of theUnited States Coast Guard, accord-ing to present plans. The SPARS,as he new organization has beennamed, was authorized when Presi-dent Roosevelt igned the enactingbill on November 23, 1942.SPARS standsor SemperParatus-AlwaysReady,uggestedby Miss Dorothy C. Stratton, 43-year-old former dean of women at PurdueUniversity, who has been named di-rector of the organization with therank of lieutenant commander.This will be the third womans mil-itary organization in which MissStratton will have played an im-portant role. Shortly after he warstarted, while still at Purdue Univer-sity, Miss Stratton was appointed tothe Selection Board of the WomensArmyAuxiliary Corps in he FifthCorps Area. She then became a lieu-tenant in theWomens Reserve of theUnited States Naval Reserve and wasassistant to the ommanding officer a tthe Radio School at Madison,Wis.,until selected for assignment in theCoast Guar

Documents

All Hands Naval Bulletin - Dec 1942