All Hands Naval Bulletin - Mar 1944

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BUREAU OF

/NFORMAT/ONRULLET/N

MARCH 1944 NUMBER 324

VICE ADM IRAL RANDALL JACOBS, US NThe Chief of Naval Personnel

REAR ADMIRAL L. E. DENFELD, USNTh e Assistant Chief of Naval Personnel

Table of Contents

PageNavy Attacks Truk........................................ 2

The Marshalls: Another Step Toward

Tokyo ........................................................ 4Kwajalein ...................................................... 8

‘The March of Death’ ................................. 10

‘Sunken’ Carrier Carries On ....................... 14

Libraries ........................................................

Navy Medicine ..............................................See Your Ration Board................................Training Tip: Finding Land When You

Can’t See It .................................................Information Your Dependents Should

Have ..........................................................Don’t Drink Sea Water! ..............................The Repair Line Comes Through .............NATS Delivers the Goods ...:....................Editorial ........................................................Letters to the Editor......................................The Month’s News........................................The War at Sea: Communiques .................What Is Your Naval I.Q.?............................Decorations and Citations ...........................BuPers Bulletin Board..................................

Index ..............................................................

16

20

24

25

26

28

30

32

36

36

3742

47

48

6 1

7 2

This magazine ish published monthly inWashington, D. C., by the Bureau of NavalPersonnel for the information and interest ofthe Naval Service as a whole. By BuPers Cir-cular Letter 162-43, distribution is to be ef-fected to allow all hands easy access to, eachissue. All activities should keep the Bureauinformed of how many copies are required.A ll original material herein may be reprintedas desired.

PASS THIS COPY ALONGAFTERYOU HAVE READ IT





T H I S I S TRUK as photographed on 4 February fromone of t w o Marilze reconnaissance planes tha t pelze-trated th e air defenses of the enemy’s pow erful Cen-

tral Pacific base less than two weeks before it wasattacked by U . S . Na vy task forc es. Several Japanese

warships are shown at anchor off Dublon Island(l ef t) , a major supply and repair base for th e Japa-nese fleet; Eten Island ( cen ter ), large air base guard -

ing th e harbor, and Fefan Island (low er righ t) .

Ofllcial U. S. Marine Corps photograph via A.P. Wirephoto

our forces in the East and the over-whelding concentration of warshipsand planes that could be thrown a t theenemy.

Fi rs t word of t he new move came ina terse communique from AdmiralNimitz: “At daylight yesterday morn-ing, February 16, West Longitude time,powerful task forces of the UnitedStates Pacific Fleet commenced an at-task on the Japanese naval base atTruk with several hundred of ourplanes participa ting. No furt her detailsare available.”

Commander of t he forces attacki ngTruk was Admiral Raymond A. Spru-ance, USN,who was also in charge ofoperations against the Gilbert and

Marshall Islands. Carrier air attackwas directed by Rear Admiral Marc A .Mitscher, USN, former commanding offi-cer of the Hornet, f rom which Maj.Gen. Jam es H. Doolittle’s bombers tookoff for Tokyo in April 1942.

The assault on Eniwetok was underthe command of Rear Admira l Rich-mond K. Turner, USN, with Rear Ad-miral H. W. Hill, USN, in charge of theamphibious forces. Admiral Turnerdirected the Navy amphibious forces inthe campaign against the Gilberts andKwa alein.

The att ack on Truk followed a daring

photographic raid carried out on 4 Feb-ruar y by Marine aviators. Flying twogiant Liberator bombers, Marine Corpsphotographic reconnaissance unitsscouted the secret J a p base, stayed‘overtheir target 20 minutes despite intense

antiaircraft fire, avoided interceptionby Zeros and brought back pictures ofthe harbor and its installations, includ-ing J ap ships there.

Counting these through a break inthe clouds, one marin e spotted 25 ships

at one anchorage and said, “It lookedas if the whole Jap fleet was downthere.” Although neither plane carrieda boh b load, the crews each tossed athree-pound fragmentation bomb overthe side, as a sample of what was tocome twelve days la ter.

Most legendary of all Japan’s bas-tions in the Pacific, the heavily forti-fied Truk is the key t o defense of themandated Caroline Islands, and a cen-ter of Japanese power in the Pacific.

It is 1,316 miles from Tarawa in theGilbert Islands, which gives some ideaof how fa r American strik ing powerhas ranged in three sho rt months in thePacific. I t is 94 7 miles west of Kwa-jalein Island, which fell two weeks be-fore, and 38 3 miles from Ponape, an-other prominent Ja p base which washit by Army Liberator bombers a fewdays before the attack on Truk.

Coming two years and two monthsafter Pearl Harbor, the blow at Japan’so w n “Pea rl Harbor” cast ominous shad-ows for the J ap s of thing s to come.

The Tokyo radio, which first ignoredthe affair, took t o the air to warn theJapanese people of “fierce fighting”and to tell them it was all part of apran whose ultimate aim was an assaul ton Tokyo.

.“

“The enemy’s new offensive,” saidTokyo, ‘‘is pressing close t o o u r Japanproper, and fighting is already in prog-

ress within our territorial possessions.Against the enemy America’s war ob-jective, which is to deny existence t oJapan , we must wipe the United Sta tesfrom the face of the earth.”

Some doubt of the enemy’s ability toachieve this aim was expressed in vari-ous quarters. At a press conference inwhich he discussed the situation in thePacific area , Vice Admiral John S. Mc-

Cain, USN, Deputy Chief of Naval Op-erations(A ir), sta ted: “They don’t wantt o fight us. They’ll delay it a s long asthey can, but in the end they’ll have t odo it. They’ve been licked in every de-

partment. Why should they fight us?They’ve been licked a t night; they’vebeen licked by lesser vessels; they’vebeen licked all over the ocean.”

Evidence that the successful attackon Truk had other meaningful over-tones for the Ja ps came also fromMaj. Gen. Claire L. Chennault, head ofthe 14th Army Air Force in China, who

indicated that the assault would speedthe process of cracking Japan’s Pacific

defenses and carrying on the wa r fromChina.

Secr etary of the Navy Knox calledthe attack an important American vic-

tory and indicated that the Navy wasnow prepared to strike the enemy sud-denly in almost an y pa rt of the Pacificarea.

“Now that we’ve started,” he said,“we aren’t going t o stop.”

Page 3





ANOTHER STEP TOWARD TOKYOGigantic Fleet Blasts

Path fo r Conquest ofWorld’s Biggest Atoll

Take an area about the size ofBrooklyn, break it up into small

pieces, and scatter the pieces overan area about the size of Texas.There, in effect, you have the hun-dreds of crooked coral islands calledthe Marshalls. Sprawled in the mid-Pacific, they form the diffused targetupon which the Navy last monthturned loose its mightiest onslaught ofthe war and seized as stepping stones

to Tokyo.

“The largest fleet the world hasever seen” closed upon the Marshallswith overpowering strength. The Japshad held the islands since 1914. The ir

defenses had bees planned and in-stalled with complete secrecy. It waslogical to assume that these islandbastions might withstand a siege ofweeks. And that their conquest, whilevitally necessary, might take a heavytoll of men and ships..

For two months the principal atollshad been smashed and softened fromthe air. For weeks before the actualassau lt, swarms of carr ier based planesslashed and tore a t the island defenses.Days before the landings, guns of thevast armada joined in the shelling.

The targets tumbled like tenpins.Their defenders were first outwittedand then overpowered. Kwajalein-largest of the Marshalls atolls, in factthe larges t in the world-was ours ina week. We didn’t lose a ship.

The cost to us: 286 dead, 1,148 in-jured, 82 missing; for the Japs: 8,122dead, 264 captured. The prize: thehighest stake yet in Pacific strategy;air and sea bases which fit into oursea pattern, a flank t o the Japanesepositions in the Carolines.

The Marshalls are a strange, waterybattleground. Actually, they are

merely two groups of exposed tops ofcoral reefs which, when they bendaround to almost complete closure, are

called atolls. There a re 32 such atollsin the Marshalls. Kwajalein lies inthe western, called Sunset, group. Thesons of the Rising Sun weren’t expect-ing us to hit them there.

The two chains of islands, about 700miles long and 100 miles apar t, rise a ttheir highest point only 33 feet above

sea level. Although they number inthe hundreds, most are so small thatthe Marshalls total only 160 square

miles of land in 70,000 square milesof ocean.

The invasion of Kwajalein came inthe form of a tremendous two-prongedattack from north and south (see map

on opposite page). Carrie rs, the larg-

Offlcial U. S. Marine Corps photograph

OLD G L O R Y GOES UP on Roi , the first pre-wa r Japanese territory con-quered during this war. Ruilzs in the background was three-storycolzcrete b lock-hou se.

est and newest battleships, cruisers,

destroyers, transport ships, cargo ves-sels, tankers and all the new amphibi-ous machines and weapons which wereconceived and designed f o r just suchan assignment, converged for the as-sault.

How many of each, or how many inall, still has not been revealed. But the

5 Generals’ Svns FightIn Murshalls, 1 Killed

Fighting sons of five U. S. Ma-

rine Corps generals took par t in theMarshalls campaign :

Capt. James L. Denig, a tank offi-cer and son of Brig. Gen. RobertL. Denig, director of the Marinedivision of public relations , waskilled in the action. Other generals’sons in the invasion were Lt. Col.Alexander A. Vandegrift Jr., sonof the Marine Corps commandant ;Maj. Richard K. Schmidt, tankofficer, son of Maj. Gen. Ha rrySchmidt, commanding officer of theFour th Division; 1 st Lt. Joseph C.Fegan Jr., son of the commandingofficer of Camp Pendleton, and 2dLt. David A. Brewster, son of Brig.Gen. David L. S. Brewster, nowwith the 1st Marine AmphibiousCorps in the Pacific.

Navy allowed observers t o place the

total tonnage a s of leas t 2,000,000.Never in history had a fleet reachedsuch proportions. More ships attackedthe Marshalls than made up the entireNavy at the time of Pearl Harbor.

Two days before the 4th MarineDivision and troops of the 7th Infan-try Division clambered over the sidesof the transpo rts for the actual inva-sion, the pounding of the islands w asstepped up t o unprecedented volume.In 53 hours preceding the main land-ings, 5,000 tons of shells and 200 tonsof bombs fell on Roi and Namur alone.

A total of 15,000 tons of bombs andshells had smashed Kwajalein, Roi andNamur by the time the landings wereactually accomplished.

A coral atoll is by all odds the mostdifficult objective t o attack by amphibi-ous operation. It offers no cover. Thereis little soil into which landing forcescan be swept with withering fire. The

first assault waves must be concen-trated on one small strip, just qbovethe water line, and even t o reach theirprecarious foothold must first navigatedangerous reef formations and ex-posed approaches.

Shelling and bombing on an incredi-ble scale were the answers to theseproblems. Fo r hours, the explosiofissounded almost like a symphony ofgiant kettledrums. Japanese artillerywas blasted out of existence, The air-

Page 5



Marines on Namur Island rest in shellhole while equipment is unloaded.

Comm unications men set up equipm ent as l ight tank moues forward.

Official 11. S . Marine Corps photographs

Marines ilzspect shattered Jap coast defense gun on R oi Island.

Page 6

fields were turned into rubble. Gun en-placements, underground shelters, log-and-concrete pillboxes-all were pul-verized by the barrage.

When the landing forces sweptashore, they encountered stiff resis-tance at some points. But, indicatively.it was limited t o smal l-arms fire. Notone enemy plane o r big gun spoke inthe defense.

Added to incredibly lethal power of

the bombardment was the element oftactical surprise. The Japanese maywell have expected us to attack fromthe south or east, on the outer fringesof the Marshalls. The blows struck atthe most important base, well in thecenter of the atolls, apparent ly came

as a complete surprise. And victory atthe center virtually neutralized theenemy strongholds on the fringe. Theycould be left t o wither on the vine, o rcould be subjected to individual as-saults o r sieges.

The islands flanking Roi and Namurwere captured 31 January as, close in-

shore, the great fleet continued topound the main targets. Landings onNamur had been scheduled for 1100 1February. Ten minutes before thistime, grea t clouds of smoke hid th eislands and a heavy rain was falling.Despite these handicaps, the landingswere made exactly on schedule.

The marines hit Roi beach at 1157and poured out of the varied landingcraft. They drew light machine-gunfire and rifle opposition from thesmashed and shattered pillboxes. S ni ping was at a minimum. On all of Roi,

only six palm trees remained standingand stillbearing fronds.

The going was tougher on Namur.Marines crossed over from R& in theafternoon and, later another landingwas made on Namur on the ocean side.There was a pocket of stiff resistanceand isolated machine-gun positions andsnip’ers’ nests. The marines advancedbehind a ir bombing, strafing and coor-dinated field artillery support fromadjacent islands. Assault engineerswith flame throwers and demolition de-vices cleaned out the pillboxes.

The Japanese destroyed their ownammunition dumps and there were theusual instances of mass and individualsuicide by grenades and rifles. By1300, 2 February, Namur was secured.The rest of the islands, big and small.went down like dominoes. By 6 February, the Navy announced that all rc-sistance on Kwajalein and it s adjacentatolls had ended.

Ten days later a similar operationwas underway against Eniwetok, stillfar the r west (story on page 2 ) .

Kwaja lein pointed up and‘ under-

lined the strength and striking powerof our new Pacific Fleet. Two yearsand two months after the Pearl Harbor

disaster, major units of the U. S. fleetwere boldly moored in the 66-mileKwajalein lagoon, only 37 5 miles from



Jap-held Kusaie. The Navy, with itsnew ca rrie r and a ntia ircr aft weapons,no longer was nervous about land-based aircraft.

In a sense, the Navy showed theJap how he should have done thingsat Midway had he been so allowed.

Even as the great armada neared theMarshalls, the Jap could not be surewhether the Marshall attack was aninvasion or a feint. Navy planes from

the Aleutian bases hit at Paramushiruand, as the Marshalls campaign wasin progress, a U. S. surface forceslipped in and shelled Paramushiru.

Invading the Marshalls, the Navystruck for the highest stake yet inPacific strategy. Japan, holding the is-lands since 1914, had fitted themshrewdly into her war scheme. They

flank the sea lanes between Hawaiiand the Southwest Pacific and are be-lieved to have been the rendezvous forthe fleet which attacked Pearl Harbor.

In seizing the biggest and farthestwest atolls and neutralizing the rest,the Allies have pushed back the Jap-anese perimeter once more just as it

has been squeezed back in the Solo-mons and Aleutians and, more re-cently, in the Gilberts. The war ismoving closer and closer to the Jap-anese homeland.

Commanding the great fleet whichblasted into the Marshalls was ViceAdmiral Raymond A. Spruance, USN,

hero of Midway and the Gilberts andcommander of the Centra l Pacific

Force. In commandof the amphibious

o p e r a t i o n s w a sRear Admiral Rich-mond K. Turner,USN, veteran of theSouth Pacific andt h e G i l b e r t s .Shortly after theMarshalls operation, Admiral Spru-

ance was promotedto full admiral and

Admiral Spruance Ad a Turner

was nominated fo r advancement to viceadmiral.

The Navy, Army and Marine Corps

fought the Marshalls campaign as ateam operation, as it did successfullyin the Gilberts. Maj. Gen. Charles H.Corlett commanded the 7th InfantryDivision-tough, battle-wise veteransof Attu. Maj. Gen. Ha rr y Schmidt,USMC, headed the newly-formed 4thMarine Division, which landed first onthe Kwajalein flank. Maj. Gen. Hol-

land M. Smith, USMC, granddaddy ofMarine amphibious operations, re-peated this Tarawa role.

All three units-Navy, Army andMarine Corps- orked together as

smoothly as a well-drilled footballteam. From Washington, when thecampaign was over, cabled AdmiralKing: “To all hands concerned with theMarshall Islands operation, well andsmartly done. Ca rr y on.”

Meet the Marshalls . .Although there are thousands of

Americans there now, it isn’t likely:hat the Marshall Islands will everreplace Florida o r Sun Valley as apopular vacation resort. Here’s abrief Cook’s to ur of th e Marshall :

The natives think that beauty

weans expanding the earlobes withwooden discs. Until discouraged,their favorite sport was a gamecalled “murder the mariner.”

The Marshalls form an archipelagowhich coral polyps (tentacles) builtmt of the sea. The islands are iiamedafter an Englishman, Captain Mar-shall, who put ashore there in 1788.However, they were noted 50 yearspreviously by the Spanish navigator,Alvara de Saavedra. Saavedrathought they were just plain dull.

The natives are mostly Kanakas.They’re dark-brown, straight-hairedfolk that you read about in SouthSea novels. What they can’t do withan outrigger canoe isn’t worth men.tioning.

The biggest islands are so low-33feet above sea level is the high point-that waves sometimes wash rightover them during storms. Since thereisn’t much to be washed away, thisis no gre at hardship.

Most well-to-do Kanakas have goldfillings o r even gold teeth. Fromstudying the Jap s, they got the ideathat gold molars are the badge of the

socially prominent.There are no mosquitoes on the is-

lands and the climate, while moist, istemperate. The lack of mosquitoes isoffset by an abundacne of beetles andrats.

Plenty of coconut palms, yams,bananas and breadfruit grow there-or did before the Navy started send-ing in metal messages which more o rless ruined the crops.

The Spaniards were furious whenthe Germans took over the islands in1885. The Germans weren’t exactlyhappy about things when the Japsmoved in during 1914. Nobody both-ered to ask the Japs what theythought when they moved out lastmonth.

If you had a barrel of molluskshells you’d be a rich man out there.

Gifts are considered revocable.Anytime there’s a difference of opin-ion everybody takes back his pres-ents.

Since 1874, the native populationof the Marshalls has remainedaround 10,000-probably because, ifyou’re a native of one Marshall atoll,

there isn’t a ny place to g o e)tcept an-other Marshall atoll.

Wooden beaters are used in wash-ing clothes. This is pretty ruinous to

‘

the clothes, so very little washing isdone. Consequently, imported per-fumes are much in demand.

In the past men tattooed them-selves on back and chest, women ontheir a rm s and shoulders. The meth-od was to dip a comb in pigment and

then hammer the points into theflesh with a wooden mallet. It hurtthe Japanese even to watch this op-eration, so they outlawed the art.

If you want to marry a girl, yousend an intermediary to her family’sintermediary. If there ar e no objec-tions her family will talk things overwith yours. Then you’re married andmove in with her family.

I

There ar e no animals native to theMarshalls, althugh there is a breedof native dog in the Carolines whichis not only the native’s best friendbut also one of his favorite meals.

There are all sorts of religious,Japanese and civil laws againstdrinking alcoholic beverages. As amat ter of fact, the re isn’t anythingmuch to drink except rainwater.

The principal foods, asidefish, are arrowroot, breadfruit, coco-nuts, pandanus, taro and bananas.Breadfruit is like squash, taro likepotatoes, pandanus a sort of kernelfruit.

It’s exceedingly bad manners tostand above o r pass behind a su-perior. Only a native goon would

enter anybody’s house by the backdoor. If you touched a native’s head

actua lly move.

One of the principal sports, amongthe young bucks, is wrestling, o rgrappling. It is engaged in at nightand the winner ties the loser hand andfoot. In the morning everybodylaughs at the trussed-up loser.

The fish dinners there are some-thing. You eat them in th e moonlightin a palm-roofed open hut and look

out over the starlit waters.The nearest thing to a native hat

is a straw mat folded and held like

an umbrella when it rains. There isnothing that resembles shoes.

When the natives get wet theydon’t change their clothes. They

probably has a reason but nobodyhas discovered it.

On the death of a chief, his wivesare taken by a brother or relative.

Page 7



Japanese Bastion, Softened by Bombs and Shells,

KWAJALEIN. Falls Quickly Under Surprise Amphibious Attack

Official IT.S. Navy photograph

N a v y b o mb e r h d p s f rame this vie w of K waj alein as bom bs burst amo ng Jap vessels in pre-invasion raid.

Marine invaders of Namur occupy a captured trench.

Page 8

Offlcial U. S. Marine Corps photographs

Machine gunners relax as the fighting draws to a close.



Siglzal unit rashes gear ashore from lalzdilzg craft. Splilztered palms serve the ilzvaders as telepholze poles.

Official U. S. Marine Corps nhotograpns

T hi s was the enem y: Soldier at center ki l led himself w i th his o w n rif le by depressing tr igger with his toe.

Page 9



‘TheMarch of Death’OfficialArmy-Nay Report on Japanese Tnrture and

Murder o American and Filipino Prisoners of War

The factual and official story of howthe Japanese tortured, starved todeath and sometimes wantonly mur-dered American and Filipino soldierswho had been taken prisoner on Ba-taan and Corregidor has been jointlyreleased by the Army and Navy.

The facts were taken from reportsmade by Comdr. Melvyn H.

USN, of 1126 LaSalle Str eet,apolis, Ind.; Lt. Col. S. M. Mellnik(CAC), USA, of Dunmore, Pa., and Lt.Col. (then Captain) William E. Dyess(AC), USA, of Albany, Tex., all ofwhom escaped from the Philippinesaft er almost a year as Japanese pris-oners. Their sworn statements in-cluded no hearsay whatever, but onlyfacts which the officers related fromtheir own personal experience and ob-servations. The statements have beenverified from other sources. Aft er hemade his statement to the War De-partment, Colonel Dyess was killed in

a crash of his fighter plane at Bur-bank, Calif., while he was preparingto go back and fight the Japanese whohad tortured him. Colonel Mellnik isnow on duty with General MacArthur,Commander McCoy is on duty in thiscountry.

The three officers stated that severaltimes as many American prisoners ofwar have died, mostly of starvation,forced hard labor, and general bru-tality, as the Japanese have ever re-ported. At one prison camp, CampO’Donnell, about 2,200 American pris-

oners died in April and May, 1942. Inthe camp at Cabanatuan, about 3,000Americans had died up to the end of

October, 1942. Still heavier mortalityoccurred among the Filipino prisonersof war at Camp O’Donnell

While this report deals exclusivelywith the records of Commander McCoy,Colonel Mellnik and Colonel Dyess.other Americans known to have es-caped from Japanese prison camps inthe Philippines include Maj. MichielDobervitch of Ironton, Minn., Maj.Austin C. Shofner of Shelbyville,Tenn., Maj. Jack Hawkins of Roxton,

Tex., and Corp. Reid Carlos Chamber-lain of E l Cajone, Calif., all of theU. S. Marine Corps.

The calculated Japanese campaignof brutality against the battle-spent,hung ry American and Filipino soldierson Bataan began as soon as they sur-rendered, with wha t was always there-

after known among its survivors as“The March of Death.” CommanderMcCoy and Colonel Mellnik, who weretaken prisoners at Corregidor, did nottake part in this, but Colonel Dyess,who did so, said:

“Though beaten, hungry and tired

from the terrible last days of combaton Bataan, though further resistancewas hopeless, our American soldiersand their Filipino comrades in armswould not have surrendered had theyknown the fate in store for them.”

“The March of Death” began whenthousands of prisoners were herded to-gether at Mariveles a ir field on Bataanat daylight on 1 0 April 1942, aftertheir surrender. Though some hadfood, neither Americans nor Filipinoswere permitted to eat any of it bytheir guards. They were searched and

their personal belongings taken fromthem. Those who had Japanese tokens

or money in their possession were be-

headed.

In groups of 500 to 1,000 men, theprisoners were marched along the na-

tional road off Bataan toward SanFernando, in Pampanga Province.Those marchers who still had personalbelongings were stripped of them ; theJapanese slapped and beat them withsticks, as they marched along withoutfood o r water on a scorchingly hot

day. Colonel Dyess, in a middle group,gave this description of “The March

of Death” :“A Japanese soldier took my can-

teen, gave the water to a horse, andthrew the canteen away. We passed aFilipino prisoner of war who had beenbayonetted. Men recently killed werelying along the roadside, many hadbeen run over and flattened by Jap-anese trucks. Many American prison-ers were forced to act as porters formilitary equipment. Such treatm entcaused the death of a sergeant in mysquadron, the 21st Pursuit. Patien tsbombed out of a nearby hospital, halfdazed and wandering about in pa jamas

and slippers, were thrown into ou rmarching column of prisoners. Whattheir fate was I do not know. At 1 0o’clock that night we were forced toretrace our march for two hours, forno apparent reason.

“At midnight we were crowded intoan enclosure too narrow to lie down.An officer asked permission to getwater and a Japanese guard beat him

with a rifle butt. Finally, a Japaneseofficer permitted us to drink waterfrom a nearby carabao wallow.

“Before daylight the next morning,

the llth, we were awakened andmarched down the road. Japanese

trucks speeded by. A Japanese soldierswung his rifle from one of them in

passing, and knocked an Americanprisoner unconscious beside the road.



“Through the dust clouds and blist-erin g heat, we marched t ha t entire daywithout food. We were allowed todrink dirty water from a roadside

stream at noon. Some time later threeofficers were taken from our marchingcolumn, thrown into an automobile anddriven off. I never learned what be-came of them. They never arrived atany of the prison camps.

“Our guards repeatedly promised usfood, but never produced it. The nightof the l lt h, we again were searchedand then the march resumed. Totally

done in, American and Filipino pris-oners fell out frequently, and threwthemselves moaning beside the road-side. The stronge r were not permitted

to help the weaker. We then wouldhear shots behind us.

“At 3 o’clock on the morning ofApril 12, they shooed us into a barbed-wire bull pen big enough to accommo-date 200. We were 1,200 inside thepen-no room to lie down, human filthand maggots were everywhere.

“Throughout the 12th, we were in-troduced to a form of tor tur e whichcame to be known as the sun treat-ment. We were made to sit in the

boiling s un all day long without cover.We had very little water; our thirst

was intense. Many of us went crazyand several died. The Japanesedragged out the sick and delirious.Three Filipino and three Americansoldiers were buried while still alive.

“On the 13th, each of those who

survived was given a mess kit of rice.We were given another full day of t hesun treatment. At nightfall, we wereforced to resume ou r march. Wemarched without water until dawn of

April 14, with one two-hour intervalwhen we were permitted to sit besidethe roadside.

“The very pace of our march itself

wa s a torture. Sometimes we had togo very fast, with the J apanese pacing

us on bicycles. At other times, we wereforced to shuffle along very slowly.The muscles of my legs began to drawand each step was an agony.

“Filipino civilians tried to help both

Filipino and American soldiers bytossing us food and cigarettes fromwindows o r from behind houses. Thosewho were caught were beaten. The

Japanese had food stores along theroadside. A United S tates Army colo-nel pointed to some of the cans ofsalmon and asked for food for his men.A Japanese officer picked up a can andhit the colonel in the face with it. cut-ting his cheek wide open. Another colo-

Atrocities Kept Secret

From Japanese People

Joseph C. Grew, former U. s.Ambassador to Japan and now spe-cial assistant to Secretary of StateHull, in commenting on the report

of Japanese atrocities against pris-oners of war, said in part:

“We must realize that the Jap-anese public will not be allowed toknow the facts through their ownauthorities or controlled radio orpress, and they will have no oppor-

tunity to learn the facts from

abroad, since they are allowed noshort-wave radio sets and no accessto foreign newspapers. . . .

“Strange as it may seem, theJapanese, even the military leaders,do not like to be regarded by therest of the world as uncivilized. . . .I doubt whether the perpetratorsthemselves will have any feelingwhatever of repentance. But others,including perhaps some of the high-est leaders, may and probably willfeel a sense of shame or , at th e

very least, a desire to offset infuture this record of barbarism.

“The Japanese people as a wholewould, if they knew the facts, beutterly ashamed. . . . It is conceiv-

able, and I hope possible, that thehigher military leaders may gradu-ally if not immediately take steps

to ensure better treatment of ourcompatriots who are still prisonersin their hands.”

ne1 and a brave Filipino picked UP

three American soldiers who had col-lapsed before the Japs could get tothem. They placed them on a cart and

started down the road toward SanFernando. The Japanese seized them

as well as the soldiers, who were in acoma, and horse-whipped them fiercely.

“Along the road in the province of

Pampanga there ar e many wells. Half-crazed with th irst, six Filipino soldiersmade a dash fo r one of the wells. All

six were kil1ed.A~ we passed Lubaowe marched by a Filipino soldier gut-ted and hanging over a barbed-wirefence. Late th at nigh t of the 14th wewere jammed into another bull pen atSan Fernando with again no room tolie down. During the night Japanesesoldiers with fixed bayonets chargedinto the compound to terrorize theprisoners.

“Before daylight on April 15 wewere marched out and 115 of uswere packed irito a small, narrow-gauge box car. The doors were closedand locked. Movement was impossible.Many of the prisoners were sufferingfrom diarrhea and dysentery. Theheat and stench were unbearable. Weall wondered if we would get out ofthe box car alive. At Capaz, Tar lac,we were taken out and given the sun

treatment fo r three hours. Then wewere marched to Camp O’Donnell, aprison camp under construction, sur-rounded with barbed wire and hightowers, w ith separate i nner compoundsof wire. On this las t leg of the jour-ney the Japanese permitted the

stronger to carry the weaker.“I made that march of about 85

miles in six days on one mess kit of

rice. Other Americans made ‘TheMarch of Death’ in 12 days, withoutan y food whatever. Much of the time,

of course, they were given the sun

treatment along the way.”The prisoners taken at Corregidor,among whom were Commander McCoyand Colonel Mellnik, had no experiencequite like the death march. But aft er

the surrender, the 7,000 Americans and5,000 Filipinos were concentrated in a

Page 11



former balloon station known as theKindley Field Garage area-by that

time only a square of concrete about100 yards to the side, with one side ex-tending into the water of the bay. The12,000 prisoners, including all thewounded who were able to walk, werekept on this concrete floor without

food for a week. There was only onewater spigot for the 12,000 men anda 12-hour wait t o fill a canteen was

the usual rule. Aft er seven days themen received their first rations-onemess kit of rice and a can of sardines.

The Corregidor prisoners were

forced to march through Manila onMay 23, 1942, having previously beenforced t o jump out of the barges whichbrought them over from the islandwhile they were still a hundred yardsfrom the beach. Thus, said ColonelMellnik, “we were marched throughManila presenting the worst appear-ance possible-wet, bedraggled, hun-gry, thirsty, and many so weak from

illness they could hardly stand.” Com-

mander McCoy added, however, thatthe Japanese purpose of making thi s atriumphal victory parade was frus-tr at ed by the friendliness of Filipinocivilians.

“All during the march through Ma-nila,” said Commander McCoy, “theheat was terrific. The weaker ones in

our r anks began to stumble during thefirst mile. These were cuffed back into

the line and made to march until theydropped. If no guards were in the im-mediate vicinity, the Filipinos alongthe route tried to revive the prisoners

with ices, water and fruit. These Fili-pinos were severely beaten if caught

by the guards.”

Colonel Dyess’ sworn statement de-clared that the Japanese officer com-manding Camp O’Donnell, where thesurvivors of the Bataan death marchwere imprisoned, delivered a speech tothe American and Filipino soldierstelling them that they were not pris-oners of war and would not be trea tedas such, but were captives withoutrights and privileges.

There were virtually no wate r facili-

ties a t Camp O’Donnell. Prisonersstood in line for six to 10 hours to geta drink. They wore the same clothingwithout change for a month and ahal f. Colonel Dyess waited 35 days forhis first bath, and then had one gallonof water for it.

The principal food at Camp O’Don-ne11 was rice. The prisoners receivedmeat twice in two months, and thennot enough t o give as many a s a quar-ter of them a piece an inch square. Afew times the prisoners had camotes,an inferior type of sweet potato. Many

were rotten and had to be thrownaway. Prisoners themselves had topost guards t o prevent the starving

from ea ting the, rotten potatoes. Theintermittent ration of potato was one

spoonful per man. Once or twice theprisoners received a few mango beans,

U. S. Signal Corps photograph

T H E OFFICERS on whose reports this article is based are shown kAustra lia w i th Gen. Douglas MacArthur, Al l ied commander in theSouthwest Pacific area, following their escape from the Philippines.Left to right: Colonel Dyess, Commander McCoy, General MacArthur,Colonel Mellnik.

a type of cow pea, a little flour t omake a paste grav y for the rice, and a

spoonful each of coconut lard. ColonelDyess’ diet for the entire 361 days hewas a prisoner of the Japanese, withthe exception of some American andBritish Red Cross food he received,was a s o r t of watery juice with alittle paste and rice. Some Japaneseoperated a black market and sold thoseprisoners who had money a small canof fish for $5.

After the prisoners had been atCamp O’Donnell for one week, thedeath rate among American soldierswas 20 a day, and among Filipinosoldiers 150 a day. Afte r two weeks

the death rate had increased to 50 aday among Americans and 500 a dayamong Filipinos. To find men strongenough to dig graves was a problem.Shallow trenches were dug to hold 10bodies each.

“The actual conditions I find impos-sible to describe,’’ Colonel D y e d s tate-ment reads. “It is impossible from adescription t o visualize how horriblethey really were.”

One dilapidated building was setaside and called a hospital. Hundredsof men lay naked on the bare floor

without covering of any kind. T herewas no medicine of any kind. The doc-tors had not even water t o washhuman waste from their patients.Some afflicted with dysentery re-mained out in the weather near the

latrines until they died. .

Men shrank from 200 pounds to 90.They had no buttocks. They were

human skeletons.“It was plain and simple starva-tion,” Colonel Dyess’ statement reads.“It was difficult t o look at a man lyingstill and determine whether he wasdead o r alive.”

The Japanese promised medicines,but never produced them. Once theJapanese allowed the Red Cross atManila t o bring in quinine. Howmuch, the prisoners never found out.The Japanese did not issue enough tocure 10 cases of m alaria and therewere thousands.

The sick as well as those merely

star ving were forced into labor detailsby the Japanese. Many times men didnot return from work. By May 1,

1942, only about 20 out of every com-pany of 200 were able to go on workdetails. Many died in the bar racksovernight. Frequently, for no apparentreason, the prisoners wele forced toline up and stand in the sun for hours.

Around June 1, the American pris-oners at Camp O’Donnell were sepa-rated from their Filipino comrades inarms and moved to Cabanatuan Con-centration Camp in Luzdn. There Colo-

nel Dyess joined Colond Mellnik andCommander McCoy.

Conditions a t Cabana tuan wereslightly improved-there was adequatedrinking water and muddy seepagewells provided water for bathing. Jap -

anese brutality continued, however:



“I had been a t Cabanatuan one day,”

J a p came through the barracks loot-He found a watch hidden in some

of a man not present. As I

at the ideaa prisoner still having a watch.”

Rice remained the principal diet atatuan . On one occasion the Jap -

nese gave the American prisoners

ee chickens for 50 0 men, and onother occasion 50 eggs for 500 men.

a result, their propaganda laterthe world that American prison-

in the Philippines were being fed

Officers were not forced t o work a t

ke out work details. Colonel Dyess

Japs frequently mistreatedricans working for them,” hisment reads. “Once when a frai l

e was not digging a

guard, the guardfrom him and beat

chickens and eggs.

from Bataan to prison

camp. “ I made that march ofabout 85 miles in six days on onemess kit of rice,” Colonel Dyessreported . “Other Americans m ade‘The March of Death’ in 12 days,without any food whatever.”

him across the back with it. The boyhad to be sent to the hospital. OneJ a p carried a golf club and beat themen working for him the way one

wouldn’t beat a horse. When twoAmericans were caught getting foodfrom a Filipino, they were beaten un-

mercifully on the face and body. Aftera doctor dressed their wounds, theJa ps took sticks and beat them again.”

Men were literally worked to death.

It was not unusual for 20% of a workdetail to be worked to death. In oneinstance, 75% were killed that way.

Commander McCoy reported thattwo American Army officers and aNavy officer attempted t o escape fromCabanatuan , which was thickly ringedwith barbed wire, and had machine-

gun emplacements and towers outsidethe wire. The officers were caughtmoving down a drain ditch t o get un-der the wire.

Their Japanese captors beat themabout the feet and legs till they could

no longer stand, then kicked the offi-cers and jumped on them. The nextmorning the three Americans, stripped

to their shorts, were taken out on theroad in full view of the camp, theirhands were tied behind them, and theywere pulled up by ropes from an over-head purchase, so that they had t o re-main standing, but bent forward t oease the pressure on their arms.

They were kept in this position inthe b1azir.g sun for two full days.Periodically the Japanese beat themwith a two-by-four, and any Filipino

unlucky enough to pass that way wascompelled to beat them too. If hefailed t o beat them hard enough, theJapanese beat him. Afte r two days ofthis, one of the officers was beheaded

and the other two were shot.

The Japanese made every effort t ohumiliate thei r prisoners of war . Theywould force them t o stand and callthem vile names. When one olderAmerican colonel turned away from aJapanese reviling him, he was knockedunconscious with a blackjack. Ameri-can flags were habitually and design-edly used as rags in the Japanese

kitchens.The death rate at Cabanatuan for

June and July, 1942, was 30 Ameri-

cans a day, according t o the swornsta tement s of the three officers. Therate for August, 1942, was more than20 a day. The ra te for September, 15a day-because by that time most ofthe weaker men were already dead.

During October, 1942, the rate rangedupward from 16 a day to 19 a dayand was increasing when ColonelDyess, Colonel Mellnik, and Comman-der McCoy left on 26 October 1942.

By that date, 3,000 of the 12,200Army, Navy and Marine Corps:pris-oriers at Cabanatuan had died. Therewere 2,500 in the ho6pitals, and theAmerican doctors doubted that any ofthem would live.

The chief cause of death was starva -

tion. This was definitely establishedby autopsies performed by both Amer-ican and Japanese doctors. Aft er itwas determined that the men were

starving to death, the Japanese answerwas that there was no food available.There was a grea t abundance of foodavailable in the Philippines at the

time.

Other diseases caused indirectly bystarvation were wet beri beri (in

which the feet, ankles and head swellto twice their size), dry beri beri,dysentery, diarrhea, malaria, scurvy,blindness, diphtheria, yellow jaundice,

and dengue fever. Several men wentcompletely blind.

The Japanese eventually permittedthe Red Cross in Manila to send medi-cal supplies, but after they arrivedthey were not unpacked for many daysand during this period many died.Colonel Dyess had dengue fever, yel-low jaundice and later scurvy sores.His weight shrank from 17 5 t o 13 0pounds, and he was given no medicine.

At 13 0 pounds, he was considered a fatman in the camp.

High Japanese officers regularly in-spected the camp and knew of condi-tions. During inspections, prisoners

were forced t o wear their best clothes,

which were rags-some men had noshirts, only trousers, and many had noshoes.

One inspection, said Colonel Mellnik,was conducted by a Japanese general.An American lieutenant colonel wascalled out to accompany the general’sgroup. He pointed out th at many of i -cers and enlisted men were too weakto stand in the ranks.

“We have many sick here,” he saidcourageously. The Japanese general,who spoke excellent English, asked :

“Why?”The mess barracks was nearby.

The American lieutenant colonelpointed t o a meal of white rice andthin carrot-top coup.

“Here is why,” he said. “We a r e allstarving.”

“That will be enough,” snapped theJapanese general. “Your men are not

starving. They need more exercise.”The lieutnant colonel tried t o sa y

more, but Japanese guards quicklystepped in and restr ained him. TheJapanese general curtly turned on hisheel and continued his inspection withan air of boredom and indifference.

The Japanese took 400 prisonerswho were technical men, gave them aphysical examination, issued clothes tothem, and sent them to Japan to workin factories. Another shipment of 1,000technical men for Japan was beingarranged when Colonel Dyess, Colonel

Mellnik, and Commander McCoy leftCabanatuan on October 26 ,1942 . Thesethree officers and 966 other Americanofficers and enlisted men had beencrowded into the hold of a 7,000-tonBritish-built freighter at Manila for

(Comtinued on Page 47 )

Page 13



An aerial view o f the USS Ramger with her speedy destroyer “bodyguard.”

‘Sunken’ Carrier Carries OnUSS Ranger Sank 40,000Tons of Nazi Shipping

After Hitler Announced She Had Been Destroyed

Last April, Hitler announced tri-umphantly that a German U-boat hadsunk the uss Ranger, and he conferredthe Oak Leaves to the Knight’s insig-nia of the Iron Cross upon Lieut. Ottovon Bulow, the submarine commandercredited with the feat.

Unfortunately for the Nazis, the re-port of the Ranger’s sinking wasgrossly exaggerated. Instead of beingat the bottom of the North Atlantic,th e Ranger was busily engaged inferrying U. S. Army fighter planesacross the Atlantic. From Britishbases, these fighter planes were knock-ing Nazi airmen out of European skiesand shepherding the bombers engagedin softening German defenses prepa-ra tor y to the invasion of the continent.

And last October, six months afterthe Ranger was supposedly, in DaveyJones’ locker, she made a dar ing fo ray

into Norwegian waters as her planesbombed and blasted 40,000 tons ofGerman shipping to the bottom. Tha twas her answer to Hitler’s bombasticannouncement of her demise.

The 14-500-ton Ranger, first vessel

Page 14

of the N avy ever designed and con-structed as a carrier, was built by theNewport News Shipbuilding & Dry-dock Co. and commissioned 4 June1934. She has a 770-foot flight deckand can carry more than 80 planes.

_Eighteen days aft er she was put in-

Official U. S. Navy photographs

B I P L A N E takes off from th eRanger’s flight deck in 1937.

to commission the first regular planelanding aboard the new carrier wasmade by Admiral Ern es t J. King, USN,

now Commander-in-Chief, U. S. Fleet,and Chief of Naval Operations, as th eship maneuvered off Lynnhaven Roads,Va. Admiral King then was Chief of

the Bureau of Aeronautics, with therank of rear admiral.

Since that day, seven officers whoare now rear o r vice admirals havecommanded the Ranger. Among thesear e Vice Admiral Joh n S. McCain, USN,

now Deputy Chief of Naval(Ai r), and Vice Admiral P.inger, USN, now CommanForce Atlantic.

After the war started thmade many trips across thetransporting Army fighter planes - t o - .the European thea tre of war. Timeafter time she slipped through sub-marine-infested water s, her flight andhangar decks packed with planes.

The first such trip was made on 10May 1942 when the Ranger trans-

ported sorely-needed Army Warhawksto within 40 miles of Africa and then



sent them winging t o friendly fields.In October, 1943, the Ranger, while

opera ting with a Br itish task force,

carried out a daring raid on Germanshipping in Norwegian waters wellwithin reach of heavy concentrationsof Nazi land-based bombers. Planesfrom the carrier destroyed four mer-chantmen, a tanker and an oil barge;damaged other ships, and shot down aJunkers ‘88 and a Messerschmitt 115.The cost t o the Ranger was threeplanes.

The raid was carried out in twophases with 16,000 pounds of bombsbeing dropped in the first attack, and15,000 pounds in the second assault.It was the first combat action for 60%

of the carrier’s airmen. Nevertheless,they carried out their assignments likeveterans.

“It was a very fine attack, and manyGerman troops were killed,” declaredCapt. Gordon Rowe, USN, the Ranger’scommanding officer a t the time. “Mypilots drove home their attacks in the

face of s trong German ant iai rcraftfire. The only thing tha t saved usfrom serious losses was the element ofsuprise. We struck quickly and de-parted before the Germans knew whathit them.”

The Ranger’s most crushing blowagainst the Axis probably was duringthe North African occupation, whenshe served as the flagship of Com-mander, Carrie rs Atlantic. She wasone of five carri ers which gave the in-vasion force air superiority. Com-manded then by Capt. (now Rear Ad-miral) Calvin T. Durgin, USN, the

Ranger’s aviators dropped more than48 tons of bombs and fired more than20,000 rounds of machine-gun ammuni;tion during the 60 .missions t o whichthey were assigned.

Backbone of resistance was brokenon the first day of the invasion-8November-and the 200 flights madethat day by Ranger airmen contributedgreatly t o neutralizing hostile navalunits and shore batteries in the Casa-blanca area. On 10 November, finalday of fightihg, two Ranger raids were

Offlcial U. S. Navy photographs

N A Z I M E R C H A N T M A N lie s d ea d irt the water, crippled and ready forthe coup de grace, during the Ranger’s raid 08 Bodo, N o r w a y .

credited with speeding the capitula-tion of enemy forces.

In the first of these a bombing raidwas made on the Jean Bart, Frenchbattleship which was persistently shell-ing United Nations warships from herberth in Casablanca harbor. Nineplanes armed with 1,000-pound bombsattacked the battlewagon, and sheceased firing after the fierce bombing.

In the second raid nine Rangerplanes, also armed with 1,000-poundbombs, attacked and neutralized coastaldefense guns and antiaircraft bat-teries located on Point El Hank andprotecting Casablanca harbor.

In every action the Ranger has up-held the traditions of her namesake,the flagship of Commodore John PaulJones.

A R M Y A V I A T O R S p o s e on the deck of the Ramgernear the dose of a “ferry” ride to North Afr ica .

N E A R - H I T on a Ger ma n merchantman was made bya plame fr o m the Ramger durimg raid om N o r w a y .

Page 15



h e w b o o k s su nit shipnzelzt t o the f leet fr o m he supply depot at No rfo lk.

Reading for recreation, a habit aban-doned by most people in the highpressure days of civilian life beforethe war, is coming back into its own.

Men who fight and men who workbehind the lines don’t fight and workall the time. The farthe r from home,the g reate r the problem of recreation,of what to do with leisure time. One

answer has been found in books, goodbooks and entertaining books, fictionand non-fiction, selected on a basis ofthe greatest interest to the greatestnumber of men.

To meet this growing need, in twoyears the Navy has increased its li-braries from a peacetime level of 500to more than 5,000 ashore and afloat.Each library is a unit in itself, sup-plying the needs of a specific stationor ship. No two libraries are alike.

Supplying these Navy 1 b r a r i e sthroughout t he world is the job of the

Library Section, Welfare Division, Bu-

reau of Naval Personnel, in Washing-ton, D. C. This section selects andorders the books and has them sentout to the men who are waiting formore reading matter.

Letters and requisition sheets fromthese naval libraries keep the Library‘Section informed of what the men-and ashore, the women-of the Navy

like to read. Publishers submit books ,

to the section each month-best sell-ers, reprints, pocket-size books, fiction

and non-fiction. Af ter reading and re-

for dull books would be money wasted.If technical, they must be autho rita-tive.

The element of censorship is absentfrom the selection routine, because thebooks go only to adults.

Once selections are completed, theLibrary Section buys varying numbers

of each book, as many as 10,000 of

some, perhaps as few as 12 of others.Field librarians in book supply depotsa t Norfolk, Va., and Oakland, Calif.,then are notified just what books arecoming from the publishers, how many

viewing hundreds of books, the sec-

tion’s staff compiles a list of about 50current new ones for distribution to C O M B I N A T I O N book case and

’ ’ Official U. S. Navy photographs

the naval service.

suitable f o r a n a v d - library. Theymust meet the general definition of“good reading,” because money spent

shipping crate was designed for

am ong small a ctivities near Pearl

Harbor,

To be selected, the books IXust be cjrcul&~g books aHd magazines

Page 16

and where they are to be forwarded.

Progress reports from the Bureau ofShips, distribution lists and daily cor-respondence keep the section advisedof the places where books are needed.Thc field libraries finally assemble andpackage the books for distribution.

Books for delivery to ships are distributed according to the size of thecraft. Only battleships, cruisers andcarriers get all books on the monthly

selection list. Smaller ships get co r-respondingly smaller shipments, onethird or one-fifth as the case may bef o r destroyers, tenders, submarinesLSTs, PL s and so on.

All books on the monthly lists aresent to training centers and large stations ashore. Stations with smallercomplements receive about half.

The Library Section purchased near-ly 2,000,000 books in the first quarterof the current fiscal year. From a rappropriation of Congress, called “Li-braries, Navy,” the section spends ap-proximately 65 cents a year on eachman fo r books alone. Las t year’s totalappropriation, covering books and sal-aries of the civilian librarians a t shorestations was $2,710,840.

Welfare funds of ships and stat ionsfrequently are expended for books. .Profits from ship’s service stores areavailable for supplementary buying.In some activities, the contribution ofthe welfare fund to the bcok fundruns as much as $500 a month.

With this money, librarians maypurchase new books or in the case of

libraries ashore, fixtures and decora-tions. Often it is the latter, becauseattractive surroundings enhance thevalue of a library as a place for restand relaxation that go with enjoyablereading. Paneled walls, attractivedraperies and curtains, big easy chairsand clever posters and decorationsfea ture the interior of many stationlibraries.

All this presents a contrast, ofcourse, to libraries of the overseasoutposts where bookshelves sometimesare boarded up in back to prevent rats

from attacking the books.The library of the Naval Training

Stat ion, San Diego, Calif., cost $76,856.

It is 200 feet in length and one side

opens into an outdoor garden whichis used fo r reading. In the garden ar echairs, bookcases and tables amidflower beds and tropical plants.

In Brooklyn, a smaller room, fur-nished like a comfortable living room,has been turned over to Armed Guardcrews.

Typical of fine, well-designed naval

libraries is th at at Puget Sound NavyYard, Bremerton, Wash. (see draw-ings accompanying this article). De-

signed by C. F. Ryan, Ylc, it provides

an ideal background for study andconcentration. Hospitable and inviting,with no stigma of the ivory tower, it



THE NAVY READS. . .TYPICAL

SCENES AFLOAT AND ASHORE

This b o o k - l i n e d t e n t s e r ve d a s t h e l i b r a r y f o r a p i o n e e rSeabee ou t f i t on G u a d a l c a n a l . T h o s e tin cans o n t h et a bl e l e g s w e r e to k e e p i ns ec ts f r o m c l i m b i n g up.

A l i b rar ia n and a n en l is t ed a ss i s tan t i n s ta l l a han d -l e t te r e d s i g n t o a d v e r t i s e c h o i c e w a r e s in C a m p D e w e yl ib r a r y, N a v a l T r a i n i n g S t a t i o n , G r e a t L a k e s , Il l .

C r a m p e d q u a r t e r s s e e m not t o d i s t r a c t this o f - d u t ys t u d e n t of t h e m o d e r n A m e r i c a n n o v e l a b o ar d a s u b -m a r i n e a t i t s base in N e w London, Conn.

P a t i e n t s a n d p h a rm a c i st ' s m a t e s s h a re t h e l i b r a r y a tt h e U . S. N a v a l H o s p i t a l, ' C o r o n a, C a l if . U n t i l d r a f t e df o r w a r s er vi ce , t h e r o o m w a s a h o t el b ar .

ORicial U. S . Navy photographs

In t h e w e l l s t o c k e d , c o m f o r t a b l y f u r n i s h e d l i b ra r y o fa n a i rc ra ft ca rr ie r en l i s t ed men of t h e c r e w re a d b o o k so r c u r r e n t m a g a z i n e s a n d w r i t e l e t t e r s h o m e .

P a g e 17



resembles a men’s club more than alibrary. Decorations in rose and green,

and murals and pictures give a com-fortable atmosphere to the furnishings

which include plenty of easy chairs.Men serving at sea and overseas re-

ceive special editions of books printedexclusively fo r Army-Navy distribu-tion. These books are paper-backedand pocket-size. They ar e selected by

the Army and Navy from recommen-dations of an advisory committee com-posed of well-known crit ics and pub-lishers, who contribute their time to

the project.Thir ty titles have been released each

month since the project began. Theyinclude every type, from Mark Twain’sA Connecticut Yankee to a late novelsuch as A Tree Grows in Brooklyn.

Here again, readability is the mainstandard f o r selection. The dull books

ar e automatically ruled out. Approx-imately 450,000 copies of the selectedbooks go each month to the Navyalone. By virtue of their size, these“overseas editions” are ideal for men

on the move.The large station library ashore

is conducted like a city library system.

How the Library Got PO Guadalcanal: Cafeteria Style

A great Navy transport was loaded with men and mate-

rials a t a West Coast port. He r destination was Guadal-

canal* The transport was about ready to sail when thecommanding officer received a message th a t . scores of

boxes of books, allotted to those men bound for Guadal-

canal, were still on the docks.

Although the transport was loaded, with absolutely no

room f o r the boxes of books, the commander knew quite

Page 18

well that the men would want something to read, on the

way to Guadalcanal, and after they had arrived there.

Without hesitation, he ordered the boxes opened. Eachman marched down the gangplank past an open book box,

helped himself to a book, and then f i l d back aboard the

vessel.

The boxes that could not be taken aboard did not mat-

ter. The library was safely on its way to Guadalcanal.





NAVYMEDICINE

Its Aim is ‘To Keep

M~~~ M~~ atMany Guns As Many

Days As Possible’

Official U. S. Navy photograph

Surgery at sea: Aboa rd a* aircraft carrier headed for a war theater, N av y doctors perf orm ,a@ a p p e d e c t o m y .

Modern total war is fought withweapons of overwhelming lethal power.It is waged in a variety of climates,many of them perilous and disease-ridden for the white man. TheNavy’smajor part in it is fought far from

the homeland and home bases. Multi-ple new and unfamiliar hazards mighthave been’expected to raise the Navy

death rate and casualty lists to catas-trophic levels. Actually, they are atthe lowest in history.

From foxhole dressing stations toscience laboratories, the Navy MedicalCorps continues to score victories as

real and important as those on anybattlefield.

For the war year of 1943, he Navyand Marine Corps death rate was -3 %of entir e personnel. Although not ac-tually comparable, it can be noted thatthe last figures of the U. S. CensusBureau placed the peacetime Americandeath rate at 1.79% annually.

Even more heartening are figureswhich apply directly to Navy wounded.The mortality rate for wounded menin this most ruthless of all wars has

been kept at approximately 3% . I nthe last war, 7% of al l wounded men





Offlcial 11. S. Coast Guar d photopraph

B L O O D PLASMA is administered t o a woundedmarine in wardroom of an LST off N e w Br it ai n .

Official TJ. S. Marine Corps photograph

S U R G I C A L W A R D of Nauy rear-base hospital inSozlth Pacific provides clean comfort f o r w o w d e d .

trica te X-ray and surgical work. Here,in the jungles of the South Pacific, re-search is being carried on which mayfurnish preventive measures againstthe s trange diseases and dangers of anunfamiliar climate and terrain.

Like the mobile and advance basehospital, the hospital ship also is con-tri butin g to the efficiency of Navy war-time medicine. The Navy’s two hos-pital ships, uss Solace and uss Relief,will soon be joined by three more, big-

ge r and even bette r equipped, Thesee , uss Bountiful an d

Of them all, the Solace has been theworkhorse of the sea. She was atPearl Harbor when the Japs attacked

and has been in among the bursting

shells of other battles. Dur ing andsf te r the Battle of the Coral Sea,thousands of injured and survivorswere hauled to her decks and into thesurgical wards. In he r 2% years ofservice, the Solace has set Bome marksf o r futu re mercy ships t o emulate.

A converted passenger liner built in1927, the 450-bed Solace cared for

10,000 patients, of which 7,500 werewar casualties, during a 16-monthperiod in 1942-4s. Of the ent ire 10,000,anly 16 men died.

The facilities of this ship comparefavorably with those of any moderncity hospital. The medical personnelconsists of 17 medical officers, 2 dentalofficera, 21 nurses and l m hospitalcorpsmen.

The hospital ship, mobile hospitaland airplane ambulance are, however,rear-line links in the chain of medicalrescue and rehabilita tion. Medicine

and surge ry actually st ar t even before

the Arst battl e skirmishes.When the paratroops start t o pour

from their transports, the doctors andcorpsmen jump right along with themand float to earth burdened down likeanimated sick bays. The modern flightsurgeon often is a pilot himself and

Page 22

knows, from personal experience, whatailments and nervous damage threatenthe fighting flyer. On shipboard , thedoctors and hospital corpsmen mustplan ahead for the potential results ofbattle as well as the actual ones.

The disruption which can occur whena big fighting ship is seriously dam-aged in battle was described recentlyby Comdr. (now Captain) Bartholo-mew W. Hogan, (MC), USN, seniormedical officer aboard the uss Waspwhen Sap torpedoes sank that carrier.

“Torpedoes hit a t the w ater line,”

Captain Hogan recalled, “and a ter-rific flame which shot up the starboardside immediately destroyed four of ourbattle dressing stations. We movedour equipment aft on the flight deck.There were 400 men awaiting treat-ment there.

‘‘Sulfa drugs and morphine injec-tions were administered. Splints anddressings were applied t o those need-ing them, Then the badly woundedwere lashed t o kapok mattresses andlowered over the side. Others weretied into lifejackets.

“The water all about us wa s aflameand debris was flying through the air.I was picked up by a destroyer whichhad rescued 730 men. Of these, 40were badly injured and 150 otherswere less seriously hurt.

“Of all these men, not one died! Ofthe 516 officers and men wounded andrescued in the s inking of t he Wasp,only six died.”

But casualties, Captain Hogan

pointed out, are no t mere statisticsand figures. They ar e shipmates offlesh and blood, friends known andloved. And the wounded are not the

only sufferers. Before the Americansurrender in the Philippines, for in-stance,, more men were felled by ma-

laria, dysentery, malnutrition, beri-beriand other diseases than were killed bythe Japs . And there are the injuriesto nerves and brain which are just as

real a s shattered arms or legs. Againstthese and other dangers, naval medi-cine fights a never-ending battle.

Today the new sulfa drugs and thenewer penicillin have curbed the dan-ge r of infection, most feared anddeadly aftermath of war wounds.Plasma and serum albumin, easily ad-ministered even by thbse unfamiliarwith first aid, have similarly lessenedthe danger of shock. Tet anus (lock-jaw), yellow fever, smallpox, typhusand cholera have been practically elim-inated. Pneumonia, once one of the

most feared infections, has been placedunder control by chemotherapy.

These problems have occupied Navyspecialists in preventive medicine. Spe-cialized diets and special clothing have

been devised for specific climates. O r-dinarily, the diseases of w ar ar e thediseases of peace magnified by massliving, battle strain and the inabilityto control properly sanitation and liv-ing conditions. But tropical warbrought new disease dangers.

Dengue-the mosquito-borne “break-bone” fever-has struck in the SouthPacific and now occupies the Navy

scientists. But so f a r (such dreadtropical ailments as yaws, Africansleeping sickness and oriental soreshave been held a t bay by preventivemedical measures.

Preventive measures are even car-ried directly into battle. Every sailorand marine ent ering combat is equippedwith sulfadiazene tablets t o chew andswallow and sulfanilamide crystals t osprinkle on wounds. These bat tledrugs, combined with quick a9d fre-quent injections of blood substitutes,

ar e credited with a major pa rt in mini-

mizing our front-line losses.The advances in reconstructive sur-

gery and medical rehabilitation keeppace with other medical innovations.Fractured bones and torn flesh are,naturally, among the most common ofbat tle wounds. Although final figures



e iiot yet available, new methods ofled arms and

has been estimated that perma-

1 0 % and deaths from thisl !% .

In the days of Napoleon’s ar my, the

amputation. Baron Larrey ,

amputations in 24 hours followingatt le of Borodino in 1812.

Burns, always a serious menace in

mechanized war . In recent

been devised. One re-

Serious burns, even when completely

sca r tissue. Plastic and recon-

ce permi ts the gra fting of healthyon burned areas. From 90 to

5 % of these gra ftings have been suc-

Mechanized wa rfa re has given Navy

disorders, too. The stra in ofnement in submarines, planes

its toll of the humanBut the Navy medical

ve measures can

or submariner a t his post

One of the most in terest ing recon-

nts with new types of a rti -

Men have arrived there on

11Many will remain in the Navy.

t o fill civilian jobsany handicap. A simil ar

This hospital and other centers-ashe hospital ships, mobile units,

r

This Is Front-Line Medicine . . .A marine with his intestines full

of sh rapnel gave one front-line sur-gem a busy session. The surgeon

took out all intestines and went bbck on duty in eight days.

shrapnel fragments and sewed up 15holes. Pa tie nt reported doing nicely.

Navy doctors in the South Pacific

f o r appendicitis f n a submarine deepin Japanese waters. It was an even

better sto ry when the patient was

through them inch by inch, found the * * *A “pillbox hospital” in the Gilberts

operated f o r one full night by thelight of fo ur flashlights. This tiny

station treated over 10 0 men in 36

* * *

operated successfully on a “human hours.

airc raf t shell in his left hip. TWO oc-tors, working behind steel plates, dugit out without exploding it.

bomb.” He had an unexpended anti- * * *“It would be nice,” said a surgeon

in the Solomons, “if we could onlywork without so many interruptions.”He pointed t o the results of the in-terruptions-Jap bullet holes whichriddled the walls of the station.

* * *It was a good story when a phar-

macist’s mate operated on a shipmate

front-line dressing stations and airambulances-are operated, staffed andcontrolled by the Navy’s Bureau ofMedicine and Surgery. Headed byVice Admiral Ross McIntire ( M C ) ,USN, as chief, and Rear Admiral Lu-ther Sheldon, Jr., (MC), USN, as zs -sistant chief, the bureau integrates 13divisions. They are admin istra titn,planning, materiel, finance, personnel,dentistry, research, inspections, avia-tion medicine, physical qualificationsand medical records, preventive met&cine, publications, and the Red Crossnaval activities. There is also a PcstWar Planning Board, a Naval MedicalMateriel Board and the RehabilitationOffice.

From these divisions stem a netwoyk

of hospitals, laboratories, trainingschools and the medical lines whichstretch t o the front lines. The bureau’sdoctors and surgeons total 11,042.There .are 4,718 dentists and 7,312nurses. Hospital corpsmen, both menand women, total 94,265. Togetherthey form a chain reaching from hometo the most far-flung battle line.

Las t August, reserve commissions inNaval Reserve Medical Corps wereopened to women doctors, who are ac-cepted under the same status as men.The bureau is seeking 600 women doc-tors t o take over duties on the home

front that are now being handled byphysicians and surgeons.

The heroism of Navy doctors, nursesand hospital corpsmen is best attestedby the monthly lists of citations forbravery and service above and beyondthe call of duty. Scores of medical and

dental officers and pharmacist’s mateshave been awarded the Navy Cross,Silver Star and other decorations forgal lantly risking-and often losing-their lives under fire in ministering totheir shipmates.

Last month Lieut. William WardEvans (MC), USNR, became the firstnaval.medica1 officer t o be awarded theAir Medal.

Such flight surgeons as LieutenantEvans are carrying on a naval tradi-tion for bravery and service which hasits roots in the earliest history of thenation.

Forthe naval surgeon is older

than the Union itself. The first one,

Dr. Lawrence Brooks, served withJohn Paul Jones aboard the BonHornrne Richard in 1779. Another, Dr.William Longshaw, Jr., was twice eu-logized from every quarterdeck of thefleet for his bravery and service t o theUnion cause during the Civil War.

It was a Navy surgeon, in fact, whocarried the terse message which stillsymbolizes Navy spirit. This surgeonwas Dr. Richard C. Edgar, servingaboard the uss Chesapeake, who car-ried the dying captain’s last order t o

his officer of the deck. It was:“Don’t give up the ship.”

Official U. S. Navy photographs

O U T P O S T of lzaual medicime: the hospital ship USSSolace, ueteram of Pearl Harbor and other battles.

H U B of maual medicime is the Natiomal Naual MedicalCelzter, Bethesda, Md. Aboue: hospital buildimg.

Page 23



SeeYour Ration BoardNaval Personnel May Obtain Extra Gasoline,

Food or Shoes Under Certain Conditions

N av al personnel stationed in theUni ted S ta tes or back on leave w ebound by the same rationing regula-t ions as c iv il ians , ye t they m ay obta inspecial concessions i f necessary to the

performance of the ir duty whi letravel ing under orders , or whe n onleave. Th e following is a compilationof ra tion rules as they aBect navalpersonnel and the suggested procedurefor obtaining food, shoes or gasoline.

FOODWar Ration Books 3 and 4, contain-

ing stamps for rationed food, may beobtained by naval personnel residing inthe U. S. for a period of 60 days o rmore, except (1) those who are au-

thorized to be subsisted in kind; (2 )those who ar e members of an officers’or a contract school mess; or (3) thosewho, although not subsisted in kind andnot members of an officers’ o r contractmess, eat at least 1 4 meals a week atsuch a mess.

Those eligible to receive ra tion booksmay obtain them by applying to the ra-tion board a t the place where they ar estationed. The application mus t bemade in person either by the applicanthimself or by someone acting for him ;it cannot be mailed t o the board.

Temporary food rations may be ob-tained by naval personnel on leave in

the U. S. if they are not entitled to Ra-tion Books 3 and 4. Their leave mustbe for a period of 72 hours or more andthey must eat a t least one meal a t theirhost’s home. Even though not on leave,service personnel who are messed in ageneral mess or an officers’ organizedmess may obtain temporary food ra-tions if they eat nine or more mealsa month at thei r host’s home. Also,those residing in the U. S. for lessthan 60 days on detached or temporaryduty may obtain temporary food ra-tions if they eat a t least nine meals amonths at a private home.

AEplication for temporary food ra-tions should be made on S & A Form570, which may be obtained from com-manding officers. If th is form is used,either the applicant or his host maypresent the application t o the local ra-tion board. However, if the applicantshows good cause for failure t o havethis form, the board may permit him to

apply on OPA Form R-315. His hostcannot use this form, however.

Naval personnel who have rationbooks and find that their health re-quires more rationed foods than they

can get with their allotted points mayapply t o their local board f or additionalpoints. This application mus t containa doctor’s sta tement showing why addi-tional rationed foods are needed, theamount, and why unrationed foods can-not be substituted.

P q e 24

For those who live an unusually longdistance from their market and whoare unable t o use their stamps whilethey are valid, the local ration boardmay issue a certificate in exchange for

some o r all of their stamps. This cer-tificate will enable them t o purchaserationed foods which could not havebeen obtained with their valid stamps.

Naval personnel who live in a placewhere they cannot get enough freshfruits, vegetables, fish, fresh milk,poultry or eggs t o meet their nutri-tional requirements, or have no facili-ties for storing such foods long enough,may apply t o local ration board fo r ad-ditional processed food ration points.

SHOESShoes may be purchased by naval

personnel, without ration stam ps, fromship’s service stores afloat and ship’sservice stores ashore, outside the 48states and the District of Columbia, orfrom naval small stores. These shoesmust not be sold or given anyone else.

Shoe stamps are required in buyingshoes from a ship’s service store ashorewithin the 48 states and the District ofColumbia or in any retail store. Nearlyall naval activities have an officer whois detailed t o issue shoe purchase cer-tificates. These mus t bear the nameand rank or rating of the persons t o

whom issued, and the signature andrank of the issuing officer. The certifi-cates expire 30 days af ter issuance andmust not be altered. If the certificate isnot used during the 30-day period, itshould be re turned to the issuing officerwho will issue another if the applicantstill is eligible.

The Secretary of the Navy has .di-rected naval personnel not t o apply forthe certificates unless they actuallyneed shoes. Certificates may be usedonly by or for persons to whom issued.

GASOL IN EFor private vehicle travel, naval per-

sonnel are subject t o the same gasolinerat ioning regulations a s civilians. Whentraveling under orders, and transporta-tion by private automobile is speci-fically authorized, OPA Form R-544fo r additional gasoline must be obtainedfrom cognizant issuing officers in theNavy. These officers will compute themileage involved and endorse the or-ders t o show the number of forms andgallonage issued. The issuing officer isresponsible for signing and filling outForm R-544, including the name and

rank or rating of the recipient, thenumber of gallons for which each formis valid and the license number of theautomobile to be driven. These formsare non-transferable and may be usedonly by the person to whom issued.

Naval personnel assigned to shore

duty in the U. S. and not quartered attheir station may apply t o their localboard for supplemental gasoline cou-pons t o cover driving between residenceand station if a car-sharing plan hasbeen organized, or if alternate meansof transportation are not available.

Those who must do in-course-of-duty driving, and have no official travelorders authorizing transportation byprivate automobile, may apply t o thelocal ration board for additional gaso-

line. In the case of necessary drivingdue t o change of duty, when the trave lorders lack authorization for transpor-tation by private automobile, applica-tion may be made t o local boards.

Naval personnel on leave for 72hours o r longer with access t o an auto-mobile may obtain up to a maximum offive gallons of gasoline by applying t othe local board for special furloughrations. Leave papers must be shown.

Personnel convalescing from illnessor injury acquired while on active dutyare eligible for supplementary gaso-

line coupons to cover travel to andfrom home or resort t o other place ofrecuperation if the cognizant medicalofficer certifies that travel by privateautomobile instead of other means oftransportation would materially aid inrecovery. Leave papers and the medi-cal officer’s certificate must be dis-played when applying to a ration board.

DO YOUR DEPENDENTS KNOW

W h e r e to find your:birth c e r t i f i c a t e ?m a r r i a g e c e r t i f ic a t e ?

fl insurance Dol ic ies?0 o c i a l S e c u r i t y n u mb e r?0 i l l? 0 a x re c o rd s ?

0 n c o me t a x re c o rd s ?c] t h e r v a l u a b l e p a p e rs ?

c] a mi l y a l l o w a n c e ?0 l l o t m e n t s f r o m p a y ?

w a r b o n d s ?0 o v e rn me n t i n s u ra n c e ?0 r i v a t e i n s u ra n c e ?

0 h e y c h a n g e t h e i r a d d re s s ?checks a re n o t rece ived? .

0 m o u n t of check i s w r o n g ?

w o u n d e d ? 0 a p t u r e d ?0 iss ing? 0 i l l e d ?

0 a n ‘ t me e t i n s u ra n c e p re m i u ms ?

n e e d m o n e y or a l o a n ?w a n t t o m o v e b a c k h om e ?

0 e e d me d i c a l a t t e n t i o n ?

0 r e u n a b l e t o p a y t a x yo u o w e ?

h e l p f ro m N a v y s o u rc e s ?0 i d f o r d e p e n d e n t s ?

0 ega l adv ice and ass is tance?

Your arramgememts for: ~

W h a t t o do if:

What happems i f yozl are:

W h a t t o do if they :

W h e r e to get:

SEE PAGE 26



FindingLand WhenYou Can't SeeIt

W A T C H T H E C L O U D S: D u e t o t e m p e r a t u r e d i f f e r -

ence o f lan d and wat er , a i r cur ren t s ri s e ouer lan d .W h e n t h e m o i st u re - la d e n w a r m a ir r ea ch es a n y r ea la l t i t u d e , it c o nd e ns es t o f o r m c l o u d s, w h i c h t e n d t or e m a i n o a e r t h e l a n d a n d a r e v i s i b l e f a r o u t a t se a.T r u e p a r t i c u la r l y o f m o u n t a i pz o u s is la n ds , this h o l d sa l s o f o r a t o l l s , w h e r e a c o n t r a s t in t e m p e r a t u r e is

caused by w a r m w a te rs in l a g o o n , c o ld o u t s id e .

W A T C H T H E W A V E S : W h e n w i n d b l o ws c o n s ta n t l y

f r o m o n e d i r e c t io n , a s in S o u t h P a c i f i c , it sets up as w e l l a t r i g h t a n g l e s. But w h e n r ol le rs hit a n i sl a n d,

t h e y f o r m a V a r o a n d it. If yoa f i nd ro l l er s not atr i g h t a n g l e s t o w i n d , o d d s a re t h a t ( b a r r i n g l oc al

s q u a l l s) l a n d is n e a r . F o l l o w t r o u g h t o w i n d w a r d .

W A T C H T H E R E FL E C T I O N S : In a d d i t i o n t o t h ec l o u d f o r m a t i o n just m e n t i o n e d , t h e r e i s a n o t h e rw a y of s p o t t i n g the p r e s e n c e of a n a t ol l: w a t c h f o ra n y g r e e n r e f le c ti o n o n t h e u n d e r - b e l l y o f t h e c l o ud s .In a l a g o o n , t h e w a t e r i s n o t o n l y w a r m e r but shal-l o w e r t h a n o u ts i de t h e r e e f, a n d i t s c o lo r m o r e g r e e nt h a n b l u e . R e f l e c t i n g u p w a r d s , g r e e n w a t e r s co l orc l o u d s a b o v e . T h a t g r e e n l i g h t i s y o u r Go s igna l .

-

W A T C H T H E B I R D S : E x c ep t f o r a u er y f e w sp ec ie s,m o s t s ea b i r d s s le e p . as ho re . D u r i n g t h e d a y t i m e

t h e y f l y a ll o e e r in search of food, but w h e n e v en in gc o m e s t h e y r e t u r n to l and . I f t h e fE jgh t of b i rds int h e l a te a f t e r n o o n i s o bs e ru e d, a n d t h e i r l i n e ofb e a r i n g i s f o l l o w e d , it will p r o b a b l y l e a d a s h o r e .

Page 25



Information Your Dependents Should Have

Do your dependents have al l the in-formation they need in order to benefitfrom the various forms of protectionand assistance that are available tothem while you’re in the Navy? (A

quick look over the check-list on page24 will show if you bat 4.0 on this.)

If not, it’s a good idea to get“squared away” at home as well as atsea, and the material on these twoDages will help you. This material, inbrief form, is similar to th at con-tained in the booklet Personal Affairsof Naval Personnel and Aid for TheirDependents, which is available on yourship or station, and which was mailedto your dependents.

However, there have been many caseswhere these booklets were returned t o

the Bureau because an incorrect o r in-adequate add ress was supplied. If yourdependents don’t have a copy, advisethem that they can get one by simplywri ting the Bureau of Naval Personneland i t will be mailed to them.

A practical device fo r informing one’sdependents was made available earlierthis year to naval personnel of theSixth Naval District, when their wel-fa re and recreation office draft ed a sam-ple form letter and had copies printedfor distribution t o shore stations ofthe district and to ships in port.

A s i m i 1a r letter, incorporating

changes and suggestions by BuPers, isreproduced on the opposite page. Thismay be used “as is,” or modified by theindividual to suit his own requirements ;i t may also be reproduced locally bycommanding officers who may wish tomake it available for their personnel.

Fo r fur the r information concerningthe numbered portions of t he letter, seethe parag raphs which follow.

1 Family allowances (INFORMATIONBULLETIN,November 1943) are

now payable as follows: To a wife, $50;wife and 1 child, $80; wife and 2 chil-

dren, $100; each additional child, $20;child but no wife, $42; additional chil-dren (no wife), $20; divorced wife, onechild, $72 (maximum) ; each additionalchild (divorced wife), $20.

Any allotment of pay for support. f your dependents should prefer-ably be made to an individual, but youmay, if you wish, make it to a bank,indicating that it is for that person’ssupport. Allotments may also be madet o most banks fo r the credit of a jointaccount. Note, however, th at in caseyou are declared missing, become aprisoner of war, etc., such allotments

may be continued only i f they are forthe support of dependents, and are sodesignated.

3 War Bond allotments are on the. ond-a-month o r bond-a-quarterbasis, with mon thly allotments of $6.25,

Here Are Some of the Things They Ought to

Know-and an Easy Way to Make Sure They Do

$12.50, $18.75, $25.00, $37.50, or $75.A co-owner may cash the bonds with

o r without your consent; a beneficiarymay cash the bonds only after yourdeath. Bonds may be cashed at any

time after 60 days from date of issue;they are not transferable, may not beused as collateral. The Treasury De-partment or the Navy will hold thebonds for you for safekeeping if s odesired.

4 f you applied for governmentinsurance before 8 October 1940,

the insurance you hold is called U. S.Government Life Insurance. If so,

change entry in letter accordingly.

Allotment m e t h o d is recom-5. ended, as it will continue auto-matically, even if you are captured or

missing, and by the allotment method.there is no danger of your insurancelapsing through nonpayment of pre-miums.

Soldiers’ and Sailors’

f Act, payment of pre-miums on your private company lifeinsurance may in most cases be post-poned until two years after you leavethe service (but not more than two

years af ter the end of t he war). How-ever, back premiums have to be madeup, together with interest, within thattwo-year period. S o the well-advised

Navy man will, wherever possible, con-tinue to pay his premiums as beforeo r register an allotment to pay all o rpart of them while he’s still in service.

7 Suggested for listing: birth cer-o tificate, marriage certificate, in-

surance policies, any divorce decrees,y (see 13 below), willsavings bank books,

Social S e c d t y card, War Bonds, safedeposit box and key, income tax rec-ords, valuables, personal effects, etc.8 Wh*ere desired, a brief picture of. inances may also be listed o i he

back of the letter, fordependents. A simpleclude: “current assets’ing account, cash in s

War Bonds, stocks, bovestments; plus “deferred assets”-life insurance, amounts due you o r ex-pected in future; minus “liabilities”-debts, owing on notes, insurance prem-iums, back taxes, etc.

9 There i s nothing in t he Soldiers’. nd Sailors’ Civil Relief Actwhich relieves you from the actualpayment of debts o r other obligations

incurred prior to your service. How-ever, when your ability to meet suchobligations has been impaired becauseof such service, relief may be affordedby the courts, which may s tay proceed-ings for not more than 6 months aftertermination of service.

10.loan for

Enter here the monthly sumyou could spare t o repay ayour dependents, if needed.

You may want to arrange your bankaccount as a joint account (if youhaven’t already) s o that your depend-ents can check against it without yoursignature, and so tha t if anything hap-pened to you the account would pass totheir control. In. tha t case, the accountshould read “John Doe and Mary Doejointly with rights of survivorship andnot as tenants in common” (o r similarwording by your bank).

Assuming you hold $10,000’11. worth of National ServiceLife Insurance, your beneficiary wouldreceive (if then under 30 years of age)a monthly income for 20 years of

$55.10. If beneficiary is then 30 yearsof age or over, a month ly income wouldcontinue for life, as follows:

If age 30 ................. 39.70If age 4 0 . . ...............45.00If age 50 . ................ 53.90If age 60 ................. 68.10At least 120 payments have to be

paid in an y case, and they will continueto be paid as long as there a re a ny eli-gible beneficiaries. Amounts for insur-ance less than $10,000 would be propor-tionately lower. (Provisions fo r settle-ment of U. S. Government Life Insur-

ance ar e different. Fo r details, see yourinsurance officer.)

12 If you should die from disease. r injury incurred in line ofduty, and without misconduct, your de-pendents may be entitled to monthlypension:

Widow, one child. ........... 65Each additional child. ........ 13No widow but one child.. .... $2 5No widow but two children.. . $38

Dependent mother or father. .. 45Or both, each: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $25

As to widow, child o r children, totalmonthly amount shall not exceed $100.

See Chapter X , “Power of At-i . orney,’’ in the booklet Per-sona l a f f a i r s of Naval Personnel andAi d for Their Dependents.

See Chapter XI, on “Wills,”14 in the same booklet.

TO provide necessary legalcounsel without charge for

service personnel who could not reason-ably be expected t o employ their owncounsel, the American Bar Association,

in cooperation with Sta te Bar Asssocia-tions, has established committees ineach state . Legal advice is also avail-able t o you and your dependents atmost shore stations within the conti-nental United States; ask f or the LegalAssistance officer.

Widow but no child.......... 50

(equally divided)

15

Page 26



............................ 1 9 u

Dear ..............Hold on to this le t ter ; i t w i l l t e l l p u n lot of things you may need to b o w while 1 % amy. The Nayavp

wa n ts you to have this infomation so that you will know about, and be prepared to benefit from, the assis t-ance and protection to which you are entit led.

official organizations on service matters concerning me.number, like this: .......................................

In addition, I've allotted

directly out of my pay $...... ach month to ...............................check is not received, or a mistake is made in the amount, write to the Field Branch, Bureau of Supplies andAccounts (Family Allowance Division), Navy Department, Cleveland, Ohio.

I have authorized an allotaen t of $...... er month for War Bonds, which a re being mailed to ..........The premiums are being paid by (allotment from my pay) (d ir ec t payment to Veter-

First, there's my service number: .............. Always use i t when writ ing the Navy Department.. ther

Give them my name, rating (or rank) and service

I've applied f or family allowance and you should receive each month $......

If you change your address, the

........................ I have taken out $..........worth of National Service Life Insurance, policy No.( i f known). ...............ans' Amninistration).

I also have $..........worth of private company li f e insurance issued by-................................................ p6licy No. .............. The premiums are b i n g (paid by allotanent from q ay) (paiddirectly to the company) (postponed under the provisions of the Soldiers' and Sailors' C i v i l Relief Act).

On the back of this let ter is a l i s t of my valuable papers and where to find them. You may be asked tofurnish certified or photostatic copies of my bir th cer tif ica te and (i n the case of wives) our marriage cer-tificate, so be sure t o have them available.

Now for a l l th e "ifs" hat might come UD ;

If you need advice on medical-problems br hospital treatment, talk t o your loca l Red Cross chaptar.p u can't meet any of our debts, or pay OUT commercial l i f e insurance premiums when they are &e, see

our lawyer, ...................................... the Legal Assistance off ic er a t any naval establishment,the Chairman of your Sta te E a r Association, the American Red C r o s s , or aveteran8' orgdzation, about theSoldiers' and Sailors' C i v i l Relief A c t .

auxi liary of the Society near you; otherwise, to the American Red Cross.allotment from my service account, a t the rate of (up to) $...... month.

ou want to move back to our permanent home (i f not there now), get infomation f r o m the suppki' off%-cer am by the Navy fo r transporta tion of my family and household goods to

If you have urgent need for money and need financial aid, go to the Navy Relief Society,,iZ there is u1

I would be able t o Tepay a loan .&

If

our permanent home.If you are unable t o pay any federal income tax I may o m when it is due, go to any off ice of Collector

of Internal Revenue and f i l l out t he ir form explain ing the reason p u an't pay. and requesting tha t paymentbe deferred un ti l six months after my naval s e k c e ends.

am &=bled, and en ti tl ed to disab ili ty benefits a ft er my discharge, these wi ll be arranged through the U.S.Veterans' Administration, Washington 25, D.C.

right on.i f designated as such.Bureau of Naval Personnel, Navy Department, Washington 25, D.C., requesting that i t be increased.is any change in my status, the Bureau w i l l notify you as =on as possible.premiums are not paid by allotment, no ti fy the Wlreau immediately, giving them the name and address of theinsurance company, the policy number, and the amount of the p d u m .

for th is w i l l be sent to you. If you do not receive them, w ri te the Bureau of Naval Personnel, Navy Depart-ment, Washington 25, D.C. Settlement will also be made of any pay remaining due me, and any savings on depositwith the Paymaster. Claims are paid by the C l a i m s Division, General Accounting Office, Washington 25, D.C.,

butthe proper forms will be sent by the Bureau of Naval Personnel without request.My National Service Life Insuranoe wovld be paid to th e designated beneficiary in monthly installments.

If my beneficiary were aged ........a t that time, the monthly payments muld probably be about $...........h t h e e vent of ~qydeath, the Navy Department would no tify the Veterans' Administration, which maintains theinsurance records.U S . Veterans' A&histntion, Washington 25, D.C.

office, and make your application t o Dependents' Clnims Service, U.S. Veterans' Administration, Washington 25,D.C. 'The pension i s in addition to my government insurance,, and would probably be, i n your case, about $

a month. (Also, pension of &5 a month is payable t o a dependent parent, $25 each i f there ar e two).

it (enclosed in' th is le tt er ) (among my valuable papers).my valuable papers).

the Selective Service Advisory Board who i s an attorney, a member of the local Bar Cornittee on War Work (anac ti vi ty of the American Bar Association), or a member of the armed forces who is a licensed attorney.

American Red Cross, the Veterans' Administration, and the welfare and recreation of fic er and chaplains a t MInaval station, ready a t a l l times to guide and assist you.

If I am wounded, you may be notif ied, although of coulge I ell probably be writing you myself. If I

If I am reported missing, missing in action, or ca red by the enemy, my pay and allowance8 w i l l goMy insurance allotments will for the support of a dependent,

If the allotment should prove insuffi cient fo r your reasonable support, wri te t o the

If my commer&ial i f e insuranceIf .them

If I should die while on active &ty, you are entitled to six months' pay in a lump s,m. Claim blanks

They would fomard you the necessary blanks on which to f i l e demand fo r paymat. Address

To see Ff you are entitled to a pension, go to the local American Red C r i i s s or Veterans' Administration

1 have (have not) executed a power of attorney, naming .................................. Yo u w i l l findA copy of q y will is (enclosed in this le t ter) (-g

If you need legal advice or assistance, see one of the fallorring: our own attorney, ...................................... he Legal Assistance officer at any naval establishment, a ci vi li an attorney, a member of

Remember the agencies t hat can help you - he Bureau of Naval Personnel, the Navy Relief Society, the

signature......................... ...........Rank or r a ~ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .

Service No .................................



cool by exposing l ight ly clothed body to breeze. Rig am awning to keep sum 08 but let breeze through.

Don’t Drink Sea Water!Research Expert Explains How Survivors

Can C

By P.H. Futcher, Lt. ( M C ) ,USNR

Staff Member, Naval Medical

Research Institute

Since the st ar t of t he war, several

“straight” or

For severalt a stre tch volunteers have drunk

ter increased or decreased thirst.

As a result, there is general agree-t on the following points:

. Drinking undiluted sea water isvery likely t o cause vomiting and

diarrhea, both of which cause netloss of valuable water from the

body.When the salt in sea water is ab-sorbed into the body from the diges-tive tract, it must be washed outagain through the kidneys. Sea

water contains 3 t o 3% % salt. Inorder t o wash this salt out of thebody, the kidneys must use a vol-ume of water equal t o or greaterthan t ha t of the sea water which

was drunk in the first place. Sothe body gains nothing, and, indeed,

may stand t o lose.

The drinking of straight sea waterincreases thirst.

N o benefit is t o be gained from at-tempting to increase one’s supply ofdrink ing water by diluting one’sfresh wat er with small or large pro-

portions of sea water.It should be noted that Lieutenant

of sea, water

28

nserve Water, Exist on Pin~~~ ~

This article is a sequel to thereport b y Lt. ( j g ) G . H . Smith,USNR, in the February BULLETIN,in which he described his voyageof 20 days in a one-man life raft

in the Solomons area. His re -sourcefulness was most evidentfrom the report and contributed in

large part to the fortunate termi-nation of his cruise.

Dum‘ng the coume of his voy-age, Lt. Smith drank about apznt of sea water a day f o r f i v e

days without serious consequences.The article which follows explainsw,hy such an action is consideredt o be potentially harmful and is,indeed, strongly advised against.In addition, the whole problem of

the supply of water and food onra ft s is reviewed and recommen-dations w e made as to the tech-’

nique of rationing.

in several small doses. As a result, hewas not subject to vomiting and diar-rhea. I t is further important t o note

that a fter sea water was used for threedays, there was a period when adequateamounts of ra in water were used beforehe resumed consumption of sea water.It is quite likely that the drinking ofsea water contributed in part t o awasting of wate r through the kidneys;he commented that the volume of hisurine amounted to three times that ofthe water, he drank. All that may beconcluded from Lieutenant Smith’s ob-servations is tha t in his particular casethe drinking of sea water did him novery serious harm.

Careful experiments by physicians

on human volunteers make it clear thatit can have done him no good and thatusually the drinkin g of sea water is a

dangerous procedure and should be for- .

bidden. ( N o r should sea water be’in-jected into the rectum.)

The bird f a t which Lieutenant Smith

Daily

used to coat his mouth when drinkingsea water probably served merely t odisguise the sa lty, unpleasant ta ste ofthe water.

There are, however, several useful

procedures which act t o decrease theamount of water required by survivorsand which, therefore, conserve the sup-ply of water and prolong life. These

procedures have been recently devel-oped with the aid of volunteers whohave spent many days sitting in liferafts.

Since water may be lost by vomitingdue t o seasickness, it is important touse properly the tablets preventingseasickness which are t o be found inthe new first-aid kits of Bureau ofShips life floats and Bureau of Aero-nautics pneumatic life rafts. If thesea is at all rough, tak e one of thesetablets as soon as you reach your raft.Thereafter do not take them moreoften than every six hours. At th e end

of 24 to 48 hours you will probablyhave become used to the rapid motionsof these small craft and will no longerneed the tablets. If morphine has been

administered, do not take the seasick-ness-preventive until 24 hours have

passed.Slightly less than a pint of water

will be l os t as urine every day, and you

cannot prevent th is loss. However, ifyou eat foods containing concentratedprotein, such as the dried flesh of fishor birds, your body will have t o wasteextra water in order to eliminate theby-products of protein in the urine.

Survivors on ru b b e life rafts or lifeboats in warm climates will tend t olose unnecessarily large quantities ofwater when the sun’s rays heat their

bodies during the daytime. In ordert o prevent the temperature of the body

from rising, sw eat is formed by theskin; the sweat evaporates and cools

the body. One o r two quar ts of wa termay be unnecessarily lost in this man-

ner in one day. The insidious thing is



with sea water during the day. Dry them in late af ternoon to keep warm at night .

the sweat often evaporates so fastit,

u ar e not aware tha t the loss is tak-

lace. Survivors on the wooden

s o warm th at they need worryloss by unseen sweating.

The following procedures ar e recom-

warm climates. They should be car-

ted. The sign tha t you have carried

arance of a chilly sensation. Un-

l make you cold, tr y them from time

Remove all clothing save t he head-gear, shirt, trousers, and socks andshoes necessary fo r protection fromsunburn. Unbutton your shirt.

Expose your lightly clothed bodyto the breeze a s much a s possible t o

obtain maximum cooling.

Rig an awning, if possible, protect-ing you from the sun but not inter-fering with the passage of thebreeze over your body. If you haveno awning, you will expose less ofyour body to t he hea t of the sun a tnoontime if you sit upright insteadof lying down.Keep your clothes constantly soakedwith sea water; you will thus becooled by evaporation of th is seawater and won’t have to lose bodywater as sweat. You can apply thesalt water with a bucket, bailingcup, or the like. Rinse accumula-tions of s alt from your clothing sothat your skin will not be harmed.In the late afternoon allow yourclothing to dry, if possible; other-

wise, you may be cold a t night, evenin the tropics. This technique is theonly way you can prevent excessivewater loss from the body in warm,bright, or partially overcast days

when there is no breeze. It is par-ticularly important to carry it out

on lifeboats and drum-type raftswhere your clothes a re not as likelyto be wet automatically by shippedwater as they are on life rafts.

Lieutenant Smith, in his story, stated

that his clothes were continuously wetduring his voyage, which doubtlessacted to prevent loss of water from hisbody by sweating and thereby contrib-uated to his survival. Otherwise hemight not have lived for 20 days on hisinitial supply of three pints of waterand the proceeds of a rainstorm whichoccurred on the twelfth day.

During cool weather, and also duringwarm weather, if you follow these in-struct ions, some of you will need todrink a minimum of only one pint (16ounces) of water a day to keep a nor-mal amount of wa ter in your bodies. Aminimum of a pint and one-half (2 4ounces) a day will cover the needs ofpractically all survivors who are eat-ing little solid food and who take painsto reduce sweat loss to a minimum.The water “balance sheet” may beroughly outlined as follows:

Available to body, 24 ounces asdrinking water, and 10 ounces a s waterfrom your own tissues which you areconsuming to supply your energy; lostfrom body, 15 ounces as urine, and 25ounces as water unavoidably evapo-

rated from lungs and skin. It is not

harmful that the balance is slightly“in the red,” since the body is consum-

in g its tissue and can dispense withthe wate r formerly incorporated in thattissue.

Of course, the drinking of amountsless than the recommended 16 to 24ounce volume, while not preventingslow drying of the body, will be muchbetter for you than no water at all. Ifyou have no means of measu ring wateron your craft, remember that for com-parison, a coffee cup contains abouteight ounces, or half a pint, and tha t aquart equals 32 ounces.

The following suggestions as to therationing of water may be helpful:1. If, just before you abandoned ship

or departed on an aircraft mission,you had a good drink of water, youusually need not drink any waterfor the first 24 hours of shipwreck.

Take a drink if you get thirsty,however.

2. On the second day, ration out yourwater at a rat e of one pint (16ounces) per man each day; if youhave abundant water from rain andone pint does not sa tisfy your thirs t,drink a pint and one-half (24ounces) daily, or more if necessary.Drink your ration in small amounts.

3. If your supply dwindles to a tota lof 1 0 ounces per man, use the re-maining water merely to wet yourmouth and throat from time totime until rain falls.

Since it makes little difference howyou ration out your water when youhave only small amounts, the methodssuggested by various authorities varyconsiderably. The suggestions offered

in the las t two paragraphs are based onthe opinion t ha t it is best to drink yourminimum requirement of one pint dailytill your water is practically all gone,with the object of maintaining peakstrength as long a s possible.

4. If ra in fall s when you have beendrinking only small amounts uf wa-ter (one pint or less daily), drinkyour fill slowly over the course ofabout one hour. Your kidneys willnot waste this wa ter under such cir-cumstances. On the next day returnto your one-pint allotment.

5. If your rain water tastes salty fromsea water which has contaminatedit, drink it unless it causes you tovomit or gives you dirrhea whenyou take it slowly. (Even pure freshwater will sometimes give you diar-

rhea if you drink it too fast whenyou are “dry.”)

Do not drink u rine; your kidneys willimmediately remove i ts fluid from yourbody, and you will not have gained any-thing, but will have put bacK into thebody waste materials which it musteliminate.

Finally, a word as to the eating of

any fish, birds, or turtles which youmay catch. The flesh and entrail s ofthese creatures should be eaten inabundance only if you have large quan-tities of water, in which case theyar e valuable foods, If you are drinking

(Colztilzued ort Page 46)

Page 29

’



Official TT . S . N a T s photograph

T h e snub-nosed Minneapolis, temporarily patched up a ft er battle, heads through the Pacific for Pearl H arbor.

The Repair Line Comes ThroughCruisers Minneapolis and New Orleans. Battered

And Torpedoed in South Pacific, Ready for Action

Navy communiques tell each day the Knox subsequently presented the Navystory of United States victories over Cross t o the Minneapolis’ captain.

the Japanese, victories won on three At 2305 the next night, the cruiserlines-the bat tle line, the supply line sighted six Japanese ships. The Amer-and the assembly line. ican force closed in. “Stand by to com-

Add to these a fou rth line-the re- mence firing,” commanded Admiralpai r line. Recently reported victories Wrigh t. A minute lat er the Minne-

there, scored with typical American a p o l k opened fire with her eight-inchingenuity and energy, have returned batte ry.

two cru ise rs-d ama ged almost fatall y The cruiser’s first salvo was near-to action against the enemy. a large trans port. The second was a

The cruisers are the uss Minneapo- direct hit. The third and fourth strad-lis and the uss Ne w Orleans, batte red dled the Jap, and she disappeared. Twobut glorious survivors of the Bat tle of minutes had elapsed here, in this oneTassafronga, in which nine Ja p ships engagement. The Minneapolis and an-were sunk on the night of 30 November othe r cruiser then combined t o sink a1942 off Lun ga Point, Guadalcanal. Ja p destroyer. The bow and ste rn rose

The Minneapolis was engulfed by above the wat er as the destroyer split.flames, smoke and fumes as Japanese A large J ap destroyer o r cruiser be-torpedoes struck and exploded. Water ga n firing at th e Minneapolis but was

was a foot deep on the bridge. The missing. Another U. S. cruiser strad-Minneapolis appeared doomed. Yet she dled the Jap ship, and it disappearedlives today and fights again. beneath the waves.

Equally phenomenal is the story of Around Cape Esperance had come ath e New Orleans. This cruiser lost second group of Japanese warships,her bow in the bat tle but got back and identified as two cruisers and two o rwas repaired t o return to the war. more destroyers. They had been wait-

Japanese communiques previously ing for the transp orts to disembarkhad “sunk” the Minneapolis several the ir troops. These ships joined the

times. Thanks to the naval and civil- battl e, coming between the two firing

ion personnel who pair ships, those forces. When the Minneapolis fired her

communiques are rill untrue. first salvo, the Ja ps answered with aNovember 1942 an spread of torpedoes. The entir e Jap

American task fo hej commanded by group opened fire with its main bat-

Rear Admiral Carl6tc)n H. Wright, teries and then attempted to retire.USN, left harbor to steam again st a The Minneapolis reeled under the

Japanese force attem pting to reinforce blows. The flood of water, however,the enemy garri son On Guadalcanal. had the effect of diminishing the fires,

The Minneapolis, commanded by and due t o the efficient fire-fightingCapt. (now Rear Admiral) Charles E. parties, all fires were extinguished.

Rosendahl, USN, was flagship of the Officers and men of the Minneapolistask force. Sekreta ry of the Navy rose to the occasion with courage and

Page 70

heroism. The main bat tery continued

firing. All available hands were .put t opumping and jettisoning heavy gear t oreduce the Minneapolis’ list. For abrief period steering control was lost.

Captain Rosendahl ordered the Min-neapolis, to proceed to the secluded

harbor of Tulagi, 18 miles away. Enroute to Tulagi the jettisoning ofheavy gea r was continued. At 1445the cruiser wormed her way into thetropical harbor, met by a minesweeperwhose salvage pumps were set t o workon the Minneapolis. The cruiser was

moored t o coconut trees and stumps.Salvage operations went full speed

ahead, despite frequent a ir ra id alerts,with a Seabee unit assistifig. Soon theMinneapolis was ready to begin her

long journey home, under escort.At Pearl Harbor, she had to wait

until new boiler tubes were installed.Final repairs were made at Mare Is-land. Captain Rosendahl and his menwondered how the cruiser had sur-vived, but survive she did.

The New Orleans was damaged inthe early stages of the Tassafrongaaction. Hit by an enemy torpedo, aforward magazine and thousands ofgallons of gasoline exploded. The en-

tir e forward section of th e hull was

cut away as far aft as No. 2 turret.This section floated aft along the portside; damaging one of the propellors.

When the cruiser settled approxi-

mately 12 feet by the head, only heroicwork by her officers and. men madesalvage possible. Capt. Clifford H.Roper, USN, the commanding officer,repor ted that he had seen the bow sinkoff the port quarter, with the guns of



‘Ship Surgery’ Saves a Gravelv Wounded Cruiser

1. H e r b o w shot a w a y , N e w O r le a ns

i s s h o w n h e r e b e f o re t e m p o r a r y

b o w w as put o n f o r c ru is e h o m e .

3. T e m p o r a r y b o w r e m ov e d, N e wO r l e a n s i s s h o w n a l m o s t r e a d y

f o r t h e j o i n i n g of h e r new b o w .

No. 1 turret pointing skyward.The New Or leans headed for Tulagi

harbor, her communications systemdisrupted, torn pieces of the hull pro-jecting forward and making the shipalmost unmanageable. Only the f o r -ward bulkheads prevented her fromsinking. Aided by a destroyer, shefinally reached the harbor.

It was determined there that the

New Or leans would have to go to aWest Coast shipyard for a new bow,a new No . 1 turret and replacementof all auxili ary machinery originallyin the bow.

To make repairs possible, the N e w

Orleans first had to be taken to Aus-tralia, 1,700 miles away, where a tem-porary bow was to be fitted. American

ingenuity met the test. Larg e treeswere chopped down and floated t o th e

vessel. Logs were used to shore upbulkheads, limbs and leaves for cam-

2. With a sn u b -n o s e, t e m p o r a r y b o w , t h e N e w O r le a ns p u sh e s h e r w a y

i n t o P u g e t S o u n d N a v y Y a r d , B r e n z e rt o n , W a s h . , f o r r e pa i rs of b a t tl e

d a m ag e . N o t e t h a t g u m h a v e be e% r e m o v e d f r o m t h e No . 2 t u r r e t .

4. This b o w , built in a d r y d o c k a t P u g e t S o u n d , w a s r ea d y and w a i t i n g f o r

the New O r l ea n s w h e n s h e crsme in f r o m a s l o w P a c i f i c c ro ss il zg a f t e re n g a g e m e n t with t h e J a p a ne s e in B a t t l e of T a s s a f r o n g a .

ouflage from J a p planes flying over-head. Twelve days of tireless work

fitted the New Or leans for the trip t oAustralia. Two destroyers took herslowly southward. At one time thecruiser had to head stern first for 30hours because a narrow channel forceda course directly into wind and sea.

In Australia the temporary bow wasfitted. Several weeks lat er, the N e wOrleans reached Puget Sound Navy

Yard, covering almost 10,000 miles.

Plans had been made t o expedite re-pairs. Ninety per cent of the new bowhad been prefabricated. New auxiliarymachinery was ready o r on the way.

A No. 1 urret was lifted from a sistership coming in for repairs.

The Puget Sound Navy Yard, in ad-dition t o repair work, had to give theNew Or leans a thorough overhaul.This was done in record time. TheNew Or leans went out to fight again.

Official U.S.Navy photographs

5. With r e p a i r s a l m o s t f i n i s h e d , a

new b o w is j o i n e d t o c r u i s e r .

P a g e 31



NATS transport, bound for Attu, rides above clouds pierced by saow-capped Carolio volcano im the A leut ians.

NATS Delivers the GoodsExpanded Naval Air Transport Service Carries

8,300,000 Pounds of Cargo and Mail Monthly

An American submarine, thousandsof miles from a repair base, was out ofaction because of bat tle damage. Or-dinarily the sub would have been use-less f o r weeks-until it had been towedt o a naval base and repairs made, o rparts had been shipped by surface craf t.In this case, Naval Air T ransport Ser-vice flew replacement p ar ts 10,000milesin 72 hours. The submarine was re-paired and had resumed its hunt forJapanese shipping in a few days.

An urgent request for detachable fueltanks to give Grumman Wildcatfighters greater cruising range wasradioed from a South Pacific base.Naval Air Transport planes rushed thetanks across the continent and thous-ands of miles over the Pacific. They ar-rived and were installed in time for the

Wildcats to surprise and trounce Japraiding formations fa r out a t sea fromthe base.

These are just two instances of thehundreds of chores performed by NavalAir Transport Service, which has grownin 25 months from the operation of a

Page 32

single flying boat to 10 full transportsquadrons, several fe rry units and largecontract operations by Pan AmericanAirways System and American ExportAirlines.

NATS now carr ies on scheduled mili-tary transport services over a network

Offlcial U. S.Navy ahotographs

N A T S I N S I G N I A : T h e ba ck -ground i s blue, the bordered ropeblue aBd wh ite , the unchor gray,the wimgs whi te wi th b lue bor-der , the l et t ering & h e ,

of more than 65,000 miles, in addition tospecial and emergency missions whichrun into tens of thousands of milesmonthly. It is carrying about 22500priority passengers a month on trips

averaging more than 1,200 miles perpassenger.Annually it brings in hundreds of

thousands of pounds of u rgently neededwar materials, such as mica, tantaliteand natu ra l rubber. Approximately8,300,000 pounds of cargo and mail ar ecarried monthly. NATS craf t are flying

some 3,600,000 plane-miles each month.During the last half of 1943, NATS

increased operations by 70% ov?r thefirst six months of the year. Fu rth erincreases ar e expected in 1944 as moreaircraft are assigned NATS squadronsand as the Navy's needs become cen-,

tered farther from the States.Although our naval surface units

have for years used some utility trans-port aircraft attached to major fleetcommands, NATS is the first regularly

scheduled service between the UnitedXtates and th e fleet, wherever it may



ORicial IT. S. Navy photogra

MERCH AN D l SE A N D ME RC Y: N A TS hand le s wi t h equal rap id it jne w ertgine f o r a crippled fightimg plame om some distant front (ab0.tor a rush case for the doctor ( be lo w ), w i th ui tal Brazi lian qua

forming part of the



erned primari ly with plann ing andof the squad-

f th e Navys a whole, ra ther than direction of ac-

l operations. A high degree of au-

is an almost complete

in their areas.The NATS fleet is composed of both

rtion. With large landplanes

e in transoceanic service. The re-re used within the continental

. S., connecting naval centers withIn spite of the growing use of

n tasks can be accomplished by flyingOn several fronts , particu-

that can accom-

At present NATS is using the follow-

C-53;the four-engined Consolidated

d from the airlines. In

dd transports ,RB-125, a re soon to be acquired.

The majorit y of the air cra ft avail-

most efficient transportConversion of combat patrol

t o transports has not been en-ly satisfactory. Since production

34-

ca rr y loads in any equipment available.Although NATS’ record f o r airborne

cargo is impressive, the true measureof its value lies in the time saved.Every naval undertaking in the South

Pacific has benefited by its supply andmaintenance operations. For example,a shipment of airplane tires, flown toGuadalcanal, enabled a fighter squadronto remain on duty through a crucialperiod. Hundreds of similar instancesare on record. Blood plasma, and amultiplicity of supplies and equipmentrequired on short notice, has gone to th e

South Pacific by NATS planes.Special flights which may depar t en-

tirely fr om established routes ar e madewhenever necessary. They vary fromcarrying mental cases and wounded tohospitals, t o rescue missions and rushjobs of transp orting war materials.

When four survivors of a ship sunkoff the Newfoundland coast were res-cued after days of exposure to intensecold, they were transferred t o a hos pitala t Sidney, Cape Breton Island. Twomen developed gangrene. Treatmentwas unavailable at the hospital, so

NATS was notified and within an hour

Even Transport Planes Have

Trouble With BarnaclesHigh-flying cargo planes of NATS

have the same troubles as ships af

the fleet if they stay long in port.Barnacles the size of silver dollars

fixed ‘themselves to the hull of aPB2Y3R while it was in a NorthAfrican port for installation of anew engine. The problem was solvedby lifting the huge seaplane clear ofthe water with a 90-ton boom sothe underwater portion could bescraped.

Another seaplane which spent 26days in port for repairs likewiseacquired a coating of barnacles andhad to be scraped.

a plane was on its way t o the hospital.Most of the tr ip was through a ragingsnow-storm tha t took away the plane’santenna and put the radio out of com-mission. However, the flight was com-pleted and the men taken aboard onstretchers. Returning, the NATS planeagain flew through the blizzard, withvisibility zero-zero, but it arrived safe lyat Boston and delivered the patients.

Control and administration of the airpriority system is shared by the Navyand the Army. The Navy controlspriority on operations across the At-

lantic, Pacific and Caribbean, t o SouthAmerica and on domestic lines. TheArmy controls all priorities of the do-mestic civil lines as well as those ofPan American in the Caribbean andSouth America. All other operations ofPan American and the trans-Atlanticservice of American Export Lines areunder naval priority.

NATS priorities, space control anddirection of general policy channelthrough the Naval Air Priori ties Office.Actual certification of priorities is dele-gated , where feasible, to bureaus of the

Navy Department and t o field com-mands in areas through which the airtransport system operates. All NATSpassengers must have priority and ar elargely naval personnel. Most of them ’

fly at le ast 1,200 miles per trip. Eachton of priori ty cargo averages about1,300 miles per trip.

Transports return from overseasflight s with cargoes of strat egic mater-ial fo r American war industry. Amongthese are industrial diamonds, mica,beryl ore, rubber, quartz crystal s, plati-num, quinine and totaquine, block talc-

without which we would be unable t o

manufacture radio equipment, cameralenses, precision instruments, and

much medical, electrical and chemicalwar material.

Such cargo during 1943 moved sixtimes faster and 20 times more safelythan by surface carrier, it is estimated



by the Air Cargo Priorities Section ofthe W ar Production Board.

New techniques and improved me-thods of packing developed by NATSare saving American taxpayers morethan two billion dollars annually, it isestimated. The wingtip of a Martinbomber, when shipped crated to NATS,weighed 825 pounds. Uncrated andstowed aboard a NATS transport withnets, it tipped the scales a t only 17 5pounds. Another example of weightsaved by repacking was a stabilizer for

a Helldiver which, with the box inwhich it was shipped from the factory,weighed 1,060 pounds. NATS uncratedthe stabilizer and stowed it aboard atransp ort a t a weight of 160 pounds.

Naval packing experts, in trying t oreduce weight of packing material,

had two goals in mind. Fir st, theywanted to increase the payload; second,

g they were anxious t o save packing ma-terial, which was becoming scarce.

Since cargo shipped, for example,from Detroit to Honolulu migh t go par tof the way by air and part by surface

vessel, NATS established offices a t cer-tain ports af embarkation to repackcargo shifted from surface transportto aircraft for overseas shipment.

When Goodyear bullet proof 200-gallon gasoline tanks for patrol bomb-ers were first being delivered t o the

Navy, they came from Akron in heavywooden boxes weighing 110 poundseach. Thus boxed, nine of the tankscould be shipped on a Douglas trans-port. NATS uncrated the tanks, re-packed them in corrugated cardboard,eliminating 107 pounds of packagingper tank and increasing the payload by

three extra tanks per shipment. In ad-dition, scarce wooden cra ting was saved,enabling Goodyear to use the sameboxes over and over.

Trained pilots, navigators, flight en-

gineers, mechanics and other technicalpersonnel, many of them with thous-

ands of hours of airline experience,

were plentiful two years ago whenNATS was inaugurated. As the organi-zation expanded it became obvious t h a t .

a training prggram would have t o beset up. This was solved through theAviation Training Division, then underBuAer. A transitional training schoolwas established at Fort Worth, Tex.,operated by American Airlines. A simi-lar school was set up later at Roanoke,Va., where prospective NATS pilotswere instructed by Pennsylvania-Cent-ral Airlines captains.

Graduates are sent to NATS squad-rons as co-pilots, and undergo manymore months of intensive instructionbefore they can qualify as plane com-manders. After hundreds of hours ofexperience in command of domestic andcoastal services, pilots are transferredto squadrons operating the long, over-ocean routes with four-engine planes.

Flight engineers are instructed a t theNaval Training School (Flight Mechan-ics), LaGuardia Field, New York, bycompetent Pan American engineers.

Ground mechanics learn by prac tice andexperience a t the Navy-United AirlinesTraining Center, Oakland, Calif. Opera-tion and maintenance of various typesof radio equipment used in NATSplanes is taught at the Air TransportRadiomen’s School, Naval Air Station,Jacksonville, Fla. As in the case ofpilots, tra ining of other technical per-sonnel is continuous after assignmentto squadrons.

The flight orderly, a n enlisted manassigned to each plane in transit, istrained t o load properly and tie downcargo; to handle the paper work neces-sary in manifesting cargo and pas-sengers for each flight; and to act assteward throughout the flight.

Besides rendering a vital service inthe prosecution of the war, NATS willpass on to commercial airlines aft er t hewar the technical knowledge gained inmillions of miles of operation. It has

compiled operating manuals for bothland and seaplanes, incorporating itsfindings.

Dis t rus t of Jap trickery, plus

some inherent caution, probablysaved the lives of three Marinetelephone trouble-shooters at Bou-gainville. They were sent out to re-

pair a line from the front lines to

an artillery unit’s firing position.This is the way C o q . Byron J .Gri#ith of Lisbon, Ohio, tells it:

The lines led smack through thejungle. We sta rted moving up the

wire trail we’d cut through thebrush. It was dark, but just ahead

of us there was a small clearing.We figured the “short” on the linewas a little ahead of us. Suddenly,

we got a notion that the “conkedout” wire might be a trap.

So instead , of going to the

“short,” we brought the “short” t ous. Sure enough, the wire had beensnipped by the Japs, the insulationtorn, and the bare ends twisted to -gether to create a “short.”

Just then, we heard a noise in th etrees about 30 yards ahead. We

looked in time t o see a Jap snipertumbling to the ground. He got awaybecause we weren’t carrying gren-ades. You can’t see more tha n a

few yards ahead of you on theground. The smart Ja p had cut thewire and put the ends in the clear-ing, lining us up for a sweet targetwhen we came to repair it. When

we didn’t fall for it, he fell out of

the tree trying to shift so he could

ge t us. We fooled him.

Page 35



BUREAU OF

This magazine i s published for the information and interest of the NavalService as a whole, but opinions expressed are not necessarily those of the

Navy Department. Reference to regulations, orders and directives is for infor-

mation only and does not by publication herein constitute authority for action.Articles of general interest may be forwarded to the Editor.

MARCH 1944 NAVPERS-0 NUMBER, 324

More Reason for Winning the WarThere is no need to add editorial comment to the official report, printed on

page 10 , of the atrocities perpetr ated by the Japanese aga inst American pris-oners of wa r. The facts can stand alone, and each reader will have his ow nreaction t o them.

But, in light of these atrocities, there is a little more to be said on anothersubject, one which should be on our minds constantly: winning the war..

We have known all along that winning the war with Japan meant really

winning itdecisively defeating the Japanese navy, carrying the battle to theJapanese mainland, achieving an unconditional surrender, taking from Japan allthe territory it has been taking from others and plundering for decades, andmoving in to guarantee that a Japanese threat will not arise again.

We have known all th at because of Pearl Harb or, even if we didn’t know itearlier-when Ja pan took Korea, for instance, o r Manchuria, or when it bru-tally and ruthlessly attacked China, o r even when it bombed the uss Panay .

We knew it very strongly right aft er Pea rl Harbor-but it has been a long,hard struggle since then until we could mount the attack and strike back t o win.

But now that we are striking back, the determination that kept us goingthrough the dark night might have been in danger of disappearing in the bright

morning. light of action. The pract ical plane of doing things has a way ofcrowding out even the reason which prompted it in the first place. It becomesmechanical, detached, cold, without a meaning except its own workings.

We migalithave come t o take our war with Japan that way, just fighting toget it over with SO we could come home to the ways of peace again .

MIGHT have-but now we won’t. W e know again why we are at war, whatwe are fighting for, why we m u s t win.

That reminder, come t o us in the shock of the atrocit y revelations, will steelus to wha t it takes-the determination to attack-attack-ATTACK-all the

way to Tokyo.

LAST PRil

The Navy, whilestepping up i t s

air offensives in

the Aleutians and Central Solomons.

suddenly pointed a dagger also at

enemy outposts in the Central Pacific

by landing marines in the Ellice Is -

lands, south of Jap bases on Tarawa

and Makin in the Gilberts.

I

2 3 4 5 6 7 8

9 IO I I 12 13 14 1516 17 18 19 20 21 22

23 24 25 26 27 28 2930

Page 36

Quotes of the Month

Tojo: “The enemy was able to moveforward his bases partly because of

material superiority and partly be-cause he succeeded in cutting our sea

lanes.”Churchill (after second bout with

pneumonia) : “I’m still too weak forpainting but I’m strong enough towage a war.”

A d m i r a l N i m i t z : “Advances in thePacific need no longer wait on the warin Europe.”

* G u n n e v S g t . J a m e s M . McGee,USMC: “1 got lost on Bougainville andwas awakened by a Jap bugler blowingreveille. I got righ t aut of there.”

Lt . J a m e s W. D w g h e r t y , USMC:

“There’s one advantage in dive bomb-

ing massera who keep firing at you.They make better targets.”

Comdr . J . 1. u n n e y : “The morale i sbest in the front lines. Farther back,

they gripe because they’re not upfront.”

LETTERSTO THE EDITOR

This column i s open to unofficial communi-cations from within the Naval Service onmatters of general interest. However, it is

not intended to conflict in any way with

Navy Regulations regarding the forwarding

of official mail through channels, nor is it tosubstitute for the policy of obtaining infor-mation from the local commanding officer in

all possible instances. Answers to corre-

spondence addressed to the Editor will be

through this column only.

To THE EDITOR:Has wearing of the am hibious

forces’ marking on the sleeve ie en au-thorized as yet?-J.B.L., CMM.

No.-ED.

TO THE EDITOR:

It would appear from the answer toquestion 13 (“The Salute” article, IN-FORMATION BULLLETIN,anuary 1944)that officers of the U.

S.Public Health

Service are not entitled to the courtesy[of the salute] given officers in theMaritime Service.. . There are manyofficers of the Public Health Serviceserving with the Coast Guard andother branches of the armed forces. Itis therefore believed that your state-ment . . . is in error and should be cor-rected.-T. R. D., USPHS.

To TH E EDITOR:An Act of Congress ( 1 July 1902)

stated that “it is ordered that here-af te r in times of threatened or actualwar, the Public Health Service shallconstitute a par t of the military forces

of the United States.” More recent ly,Public Law 184 (11 November 1943)gives military status to commissionedofficers of the Public Health Service,regular and reserve, during time o fwar. Our corps served as the medicaldepartment of the Navy for severalyears subsequent t o 1798 until theNavy established a medical corps of itsown. It has been an almost universalcustom that Army, Navy, Coast Guardand Public Health Service officers mu-tually salu te each other.-H. E. T.,

To law and honored c us tom, the IN-

f or tuna te ly , N av y Regula t ions , whichspeci fy to whom salutes and otherm ar ks of respect shall be exte nde d, d onot include the U . S. Publ ic Heal thServace. Ho wev er, by public law ,USPHS does have mil i tary s tatus dur-ing time of wa r and its officers are en-ti t led to th e courtesy of the salute. ToPubl ic H eal th Service of f ice rs , tha nk sfor setting the record straight.-ED.

USPHS.

FORMATION BULLETINlad ly bows. un-

TO TH E EDITOR:In the November issue of the BUL-

LETIN, page 70, 1 noticed the explana-tion of the electrician’s mate rating.I t has ‘puzzled me for some time, andhere is my version of i ts meaning. The

first thing we were taught at schoolabout electricity was that it ties inwith magnetism, and since magnetismemanates from the earth and travelsfrom pole to pole, and an electric cur-rent sets up definite polarity, I would

(C o n t i m e d on page 58)



-I January-20 February

1.

2.

3.4.

5.

6.7.

8.I

On 21 Jan.-Red Army lift s siege of Leningrad.

21 Jan.-20 Feb.-British and U. S. bombers incessantlyblast Nazi Europe and invasion coast; climaxed 20Feb. by 2,000-plane ?aids that knocked out one-fourthof Nazi fighter plane production.On 22 Jan.-Allies land south of Rome.On 25 Jan.-Eighty-three J ap planes, numerous shipsdestroyed by Allied raid on Rabaul.On 31 Jan.-Combined U. S. forces invade Kwajalein.On 3 Feb.-Navy surface force shells Paramushi ru.On 4 Feb.-Navy announces sinking three Germanblockade runners in South Atlantic.On 7 Feb.-Russian bombers raid Helsinki.

9. On 10 Feb.-Austrdlian and U. S. troops join on Huon

Peninsula, isolating last J ap s there.10. On 14 Feb.-Allies occupy Green Islands.11. On 15-16 Feb.-Allied bombers sink 15 ships in Ja p

convoy from Truk.12. On 16 Feb.-Navy carrie r bombers raid Ponape.13. On 16-17 Feb. (W . Long. dates)-Strong.Navy task

forces attack Truk.

14. On 17 Feb.-Red Arm y completes “liquidation” of 10trapped Nazi divisions in Ukraine.

15. On 17 Feb. (W . Long. date)-U. S. forces land onEniwetok in western Marshalls.

16. On 18 Feb.-Allied warships shell Rabaul.

I

I THE MONTH’S NEWS(P e r io d of 21 J a ma ry th ro u g h 20 February)I

Fall of Marshalls, Raid on

Truk Highlight a - Month of

Grave Reverses for Ja@s,NazisI

.TheWarThree months ago Americans were

locked in bloody hand-to-hand combatwith confident Japanese in the GilbertIslands. As last month drew to a close,our forces had pulverized the MarshallIslands, had captured the largest ofthose atolls-Kwajalein- and invadedthe one farthest west-Eniwetok-and

powerful U. S. Navy task forces weremaking the first assault on the great

ocean bastion of the enemy at Truk(story on page 2). Twenty-six monthsafte r the Ja ps thought they had perma-nently flattened our fleet at Pearl Har-bor, we were grimly reaching f o r th e

_ _ _ _ ~

first run g in the 2,100-mile “ladder” ofislands which climbs st ra ight to Tokyo.

In the South Pacific, General Mac-Arthur announced that the SolomonIslands campaign was “strategicallycompleted” with the occupation of thenorth end of the archipelago and theneutralization of battered Rabaul. InItaly we established a beachhead justbelow Rome, withstood ferocious coun-

terattacks o f the surprised Nazis and,as the month ended, were reinforcingand hitting back. In Burm a, Chinesetroops penetrated 60 miles to seize animportant valley. In Russia, the RedArmy continued a series of separateddrives and reported inflicting the

Igreatest single disaster on the Ger-man arm y since Stalingrad. In the“Bat tle of the Atlantic,” th e Allieswon another round.

After months of careful planninpand weeks of detailed preparation“the greatest fleet the world has eve?seen” bore down on the Marshalls inthe closing hours of January (story

on page 5 ) . Striking deep inside the

two chains of atolls, the grea test navalbombardment in history tore apa rt thedefenses. The Japanese had had 30years to prepare. It took us exactlyone week to blast them out of all-im-portant key positions.

Meanwhile, there were further dis-

Page 37





CASUALTY FIGURESCasualt ies among naval personnel through 20 February totaled 39,982.

The totals since 7 December 1941:

separate air units ripped and tore atthe coastal defenses and key pointsalong the invasion wall. So viciouswas this bombing that the Germansevacua ted 25-mile-deep stretches alongthe Pas-de-Calais coast. Raids by2,000 U. S. heavy bombers and escort-ing fighters on eight Luftwaffe pro-duction centers on 20 February knock-ed out a fou rth of Nazi fighter planeoutput.

On 17 February , General Eisenhow-er inspected the armies training for

the invasion in England. “If you fight

like you train,” the general told them,“God help the Nazis.”

Gen. Eisenhower’s opponent, FieldMarshal Gen. Karl von Rundstedt, al-so had something to say:

“There will be no evasion and nowithdrawal in my theater. The coast

and its deeply echeloned fortificationswill be defended t o the last. Behindthe coastal for ts a system of field for-tifications and strong points has beenbuilt, including large-scale mining ofthe ground, flooding arrangements forswamping and anti-tank walls andtraps more effective than the MaginotLine. Wat er obstacles aga ins t enemylandings and broad minefields on thebeach will create obstacles for any at-tack even before the enemy can get afoothold. We have taken secret meas-ures against air-borne landings.”

There was little in Von Runstedt’sgrim warning, Allied leaders intim-

ated, that they didn’t expect and hadn’t

prepared t o overcome.Within Europe there was tension

for the Nazis, also. Aft er two bomb-ings of He!sinki, the Finns and theRussians were reported holding secretpeace meetings. Although there werestill 120,000 Nazi troops in Finland,observers were confident that the Rus-sians and Finns could find some mu-tually profitable agreement.

In day-long short-wave broadcastsearly in February, French under-

ground leaders received instructions

from Britain on their role when in-vasion day arrives. The Vichy govern-ment threatened Frenchmen who, itadmitted, have obtained arms, muni-tions and supplies dropped by Alliedplanes at remote, prearranged spots.Late in January the Nazis evacuatedHelgoland, North Sea island fortressof World War I, and were reportedsponsoring mass arrests and deporta-tion of Norwegians preparatory t oturning that captive country over tothe Quislings and the Gestapo.

The month’s score in the “battle ofthe Atlantic”-Allies 3, Nazis 1.

The first Allied sea victory camewhen a large and important convoysuccessfully fought off a determinedfour-day attack by submarine wolfpacks and enemy planes (see commu-

nique of 22 Janua ry, page 42). I t wasthe first time in which the gliderbombers, submarines and Nazi rocket

planes had coordinated in an attackon a convoy. Our plane escorts andsurface sub-fighters broke up one at-tack after another and the Nazis couldnever form for a concerted assault.

Their losses were serious.The Navy also announced that

“early in January” the uss Omaha,uss Jouet t and uss Somers caughtthree German blockade runners in theSouth Atlantic. The runners were

loaded with rubber, tin, fats, oil andother cargoes from Japan. One wassunk by gunfire; two others were scut-tled when hit.

American patrol planes also got twoU-boats in the South Atlantic, one

nea r Ascension Island. The total sub-marine bag now shared by Americaand Brazil in that area is 18.

Recently, however, a heavily loadedAllied troop transport was sunk “inEuropean waters.” More than 1,000lives were lost, many of them Ameri-

can. Another 1,000 were saved. It was

the first time a loaded transport hadbeen sunk in the European theater.

The Red Army lifted the two-and-a-half year siege of Leningrad on 21January, driving back the Nazis andcapturing thousands of prisoners. Fivedays later these Red units were strik-ing toward Estonia, and on 2 Febru-ary they crossed ,the Estonian border.Early in February, five Nazi divisionswere trapped in a Red advance north-eas t of Krivoi Rog and four infantrydivisions and three tank divisionscrushed near Apostolvo. Another Redcolumn advanced in mid-February al-

most to Pskov. On 18 Feb ruary Mar-shall Stalin announced that the RedArmy had “liquidated” 10 divisionsand one brigade of the 8th GermanArmy, surrounded near Korsun, aftera 14-day battle in which 52,000 Ger-mans were killed and 11,000 surren-dered.

Offlcial U. S. Marine Corps photograph

COM ME NDE D: Jack, a Belgian Shepherd wh o waswounded in act iom, i s oee of si x M a r k dogs re-cemtly c o m m e d e d for outstandimg performance ofduty agaimst the emmy om Bougaimuille.

Offlcial U. S. Na vy photograph

CA PTU RE D: These are ‘German M erchant Marineo icers captured af ter three N azi blockade runnerswere sunk by U . S . warships in the South Atlant ic.(See commumique of 4 February, page 44) .

Page 39



Oflicial U. S.N a r y p h o t o r r ap h

Allied armada stretches as far as the eye can see during landilzgs below Rome to flank Nazis ilz I t a l y .

N a v y N e w s

0 The uss Missouri, probably thelargest and most powerful of theworld’s battleships, slid down the ways29 January at the Brooklyn NavyYard. She will displace 52,000 tonswhen completed, and will cost in ex-cess of $100,000,000. When the Mis-souri and her sister ship, the Wiscon-

sin, launched in December, are com-

pleted later this year, the U. S. willhave 23 battleships in commission, con-siderably more than any other nation.

Chiefs of three Navy bureaus werepromoted from rear admiral to vice

admiral last month. They ar e Vice

Admiral Randall Jacobs, USN, Chief ofNaval Personnel ; Vice Admiral Ross

.T. McInti re (MC), USN, Surgeon Gen-eral of the Navy and Chief of theBureau of Medicine and Surgery, andVice Admiral Ben Moreell (CEC) ,USN,

Chief of the Bureau of Yards andDocks.

The U. S. destroyer W a i n w r i g h t andthe British destroyer Calpe cooperatedrecently to destroy a German U-boatin the Mediterranean after Allied air-craft had shadowed the sub for 36hours. The C a l p e made a sound con-tact at 0816, and at 1447 the U-boatsurfaced under the unremitting depth-charge attacks of both destroyers. Af-ter a short surface engagement theAmerican destroyer planned to ramthe sub, but abandoned this when itbecame apparent the craft was doomed.Comdr. Walter W. Strohbehn, USN,

commanding officer of t he Wainwright,

said in his official report that it was“a pleasure to work with” the Britishwarship.

The Navy’s “Terrible Twins”- thefighter planes Corsair and Hellcat-improved the ir ra tio of destroying five

Jap planes for every American planelost during 1943. The box score: 884Jap planes destroyed, 170 Americanfighter planes lost.

The Corsairs, operating from landbases, with Marine flyers as pilots inmost cases, accounted for 584 Japplanes, while losing 108. Hellcats,

Page 40

which did not make their debut untilthe Marcus Island raid on 1 Septem-ber, destroyed 300 enemy craft andlost 62. The Hellcats have been usedfrom carriers with Navy pilots at thecontrols.

Figures on enemy planes destroyedby the “Terrible Twins” tell only partof the story. In almost every actionof the current Pacific campaign, thesesix-gun, 400-mile-an-hour fighters havestrafed and devastated barracks, fuel

and supply dumps, troop concentra-tions, radio stations, troop and supplybarges, etc.

To preserve fresh fruits, vegetablesand meat overseas, the Navy has in-stalled 5,000 00 0 cubic fee t of mechani-cal refrigeration. The Bureau ofYards and Docks has designed a spe-cial 150-cubic-foot electric refrigeratorwhich is used at new bases. Otherswith capacities up to 6.800 cubic feetar e used at larger bases. Because bat-teries left outside in humid, hot cli-mates deteriorate rapidly, the refrig-era tors a re sometimes used for s toringcertain types of batteries.

0 The popular belief that Japanesesoldiers live on a diet of rice and driedfish is refuted by the NAval MedicalResearch Institute, after a study offoods and rations captured at Kiska.It was found that the Japs issuedrice and enriched flour of excellentquality, nutritionally efficient dehy-drated food, peas, beef stew, condensedmilk-and even candy. Vitamin pillso r concentrates used by the Japs ap-peared to be of good quality.

Vice Admiral Jokin H. Towers, USN,

last month relieved Vice Admiral JohnH. Newton, USN, as Deputy Com-

mander-in-Chief of th e Pacific OceanAreas, and will serve under AdmiralChester W . Nimitz, USN, Commanderof the Pacific Fleet. Admiral Newtonwill be deputy to Admiral William F.Halsey, Jr., USN, Commander .of theSouth Pacific Forces. Admiral Towershas, for the past year*anda half. beenresponsible for the training and ad-ministration of all naval aviation inthe Pacific.

To man the rapidly expanding fleet,the Navy is planning to draw on sev-eral sources to obtain the necessaryexperienced officers for amphibious

cra ft, cargo transports and destroyerescorts. A larger number of experi-enced enlisted personnel will be com-missioned ; graduation and commis-sioning of Naval Reserve OfficerTraining Corps students will be ad-vanced; officers training groups may

be speeded up; and more general ser-vice officers will be commissioned fromcivilian life. There were 219,279 regu-lar and reserve officers in the Navy on31 December, and the peak has not yetbeen reached in ships o r men.0 War bond sales t o Navy civilian anduniformed personnel in Janua ry totaled$30,070,575, nearly twice the sales ofJanuary, 1943, and approximately . l ltimes the sales of Janu ary, 1942. Dur-ing last Janua ry , 92% of the Navy’scivilian employes participated in thepayroll savings plan, and invested13.3% of their gross pay in bonds.

-A.P. photographLeft to right are Representative

Carl Vinson of Georgia, chairman ofthe House Naval Affairs Committee:Admiral ’Ernest J . King, Cominch;L t. General Alexander A. Vandergrift,Commandant of the Marine Corps;and Representative Margaret ChaseSmith of Make , only woman mem-ber of the Naval Aflairs Committee,as they attended the unveiling lastmonth of a portrait of Rep. V n s o n(be low ) in the House Ofice Build-zng in recognition of the Congress-man’s 27 years’ service on the NavalAffair s Committee.



0 The Navy Department has no plansto discontinue the V-12 college aro-gram, it was announced last month inresponse to a number of inquiries con-cerning reports the program would beterminated.

“The U. S. Navy is still expanding,”the announcement said. “The urgentneed fo r technically trained young offi-cers continues, and the colleges anduniversities participating in the V-12

program are doing a splendid job ofproducing such officers. While chang-ing wartime conditions may, fromtime to time, necessitate revision inthe quotas for the program in order toconform with the needs of the service,the Navy does not contemplate discon-tinuance of th e program.”

0 Vice Admiral William E. Reynolds,USCG (Ret), former commandant of

the U. S. Coast Guard and the firstmember of the Coast Guard to attainflag rank, died recently at the age of84: Admiral Reynolds fough t in theSpanish-American War and World

War I. On 12 August 1881 he plantedthe American flag on Wrangell Islandin the Arctic Ocean and claimed it forthe U. S.

Representatives of management andlabor engaged in building the Navy’shuge amphibious fleet turned out re-cently on a cold, bleak morning beforedawn at Solomons, Md., to witness afull-dress rehearsal of landing opera-tions. Executing a simulated attackupon a hostile shore, landing craft ofvarious types rushed to the beaches.Wave af ter wave came in, discharging

their cargoes of men, jeeps, trucks,bulldozers and other paraphernalia ofwar. Planes dived on the incomingforces and simulated strafing of thebeaches. The show was staged by theNavy’s Industrial Incentive Division,headed by Rear Admiral Clark H.Woodward, USN, to stress the impor-tance of increased landing-craft pro-duction to fulfill 1944 invasion plans.

0 Attractively designed plastic pinsa re being distributed to all civilians

e m p l o y e d o n emonth o r more bythe Navy Depart-

ment within t h-econtinental U. S.and in Hawaii.The pins were de-veloped in responseto widespread de-m a n d s by com-mandants, c o m -

manding officers and civilian employesof the Navy’s shore establishments forsome recognition of this character.This emblem is the first step in a pro-gram which will include recognitionawards to civilian employes who per-

form outstanding o r meritorious ser-vice to the Navy.Thir ty thousand tons of waste paper

were collected by the Navy during1943 and sold for $360,000, and this

record will be stepped up at least 50%during 1944, aceording to Rear Ad-

c

Associated P Ies s Wlrephoto

UP FROM T H E G RAVE: T h e USS Oklahoma, righted and refloatedAfter havimg beem capsized and sunk by the Japanese in their attackom Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941, is shown in drydock there forfurther repairs.

miral Will iam B. Young (S C), USN,BuS&A chief. With 2,160,000 officersand men now in the Navy, the collec-

tion averaged about 30 pounds percapita. Navy yards at Norfolk andCharleston now have balers, bins forsegregation of various classes ofpaper, storehouses and loading plat-forms. The only paper burned by theNavy is that containing secret, con-fidential or restricted information.0 Col. William P. T. Hill, USMC, wa s

promoted t o brigadier general and ap-pointed Quartermaster of the MarineCorps in brief ceremonies 1 February.General Hill, 48 years old, is a veteranof 26 years of commissioned servicein the Marine Corps, including servicein the Azores, Alaska, China andHaiti. He succeeds Maj Gen. SethWilliams, USMC, who has been retiredfrom active duty.

Home FrontThe new “streamlined” system of in-

duction into the armed services wasinaugurated last month. “Screening”is eliminated, 1-A men can report forinduction a t any time. Unless thenplaced in 4-F, they are accepted andstart an immediate 21-day furloughwith no subsequent furloughs unti!

earned. Men will be sworn in at camps,not induction centers. Japanese-Amer-icans will be conscripted but may askto serve elsewhere than the Pacific.Heretofore, they have been taken asvolunteers only.

* * *The Fourth War Loan drive closed

15 February with a $14,000,000,00dquota oversubscribed by $191,000,000

While Americans were still shockedby the story of Japanese atrocities to

prisoners of Bataan (page l o ) , the ss

* * *

Gripsholm sailcd 15 February to re-patriate Americans and South Amer-icans imprisoned in France and Ger-many. The exchange of prisoners will

be effected in Portugal.* * *

The War Production Board revealedlate in January that construction of

568 Navy ships set a new record in1943. The 1944 goal is almost 50 5higher. Las t year’s ships included two45 000-ton battleships, 11 cruisers, 16

carriers, 50 carrier escorts, 128 de-stroyers, 306 D E S and 56 submarines.

As the tra inin g season neared, manybig-league baseball owners and man-agers believed the game would neverget through the coming season. The

new draft classifications continued t@cripple rosters. There was some doubt

th at all cities could field teams. St.Louis, always overburdened withyoung talent, has one rookie pitcheron its 1944 roste r. Lt. Gen. BrehonSomervell stated that nearly 70% of

the major league players are in theservices and that 1,500,000 kids fromsandlot teams have proven themselvesgood soldiers.

* * *

* * *

For, the first time since the greatstrikes of 1919-20, New York City had

to open emergency coal centers. Chilledcustomers bought 50 and 100 poundsat a time and lugged the coal homethemselves. * * *

USO-Camp Shows were graduallydisbanding and contracting their

American camp recruits, whioh wrotea new chapter in the history of showbusiness. U S 0 officials explained thatmajor effoyts are now being directed

to bigger and better shows to be sentto the fighting fronts and advanced

bases,

Page 41



United States Navy C o m -muniaues and PertinentHE W AR AT SEA

Oficial Reports: 2 1 Januury Through 20 February E xcer i t s of Other Reports

Uni ted States Nav y communiques and press releases are separated by dashes f r o m excerpts of other communiques.

All dates East Longitude unless otherwise indicated.

21 JANUARYN a vy D epart m ent Com m uni que

N o . 497Pacific and Far East

1. United S tates subm arines have re-orted the sinking of 1 2 enemy vessels in

operations in these waters as follows :” Su nk: One large tanker one medium

transport, one small tiansp ort sevenum freighters and two small freikhters.These actions have not been an-ced in an y previous Navy Dep artment

communique.

U . S . Pacific Fleet Press ReleaseWotje was raided o n the afternoon of 20

Jan uar y (West Longitude date) by Liber-ato rs of the 7th Army Air Force. We lostone plane.

Ventura s earch planes of Fleet Air Wing2 made a low-altitude at tac k on Emidj andTmiet Islands during the morning of 2 0Janua ry. One of ou r planes was sho t downby antiai rcraft flre.

A Navy search Liberator of Fleet AirWing 2 damaged an enemy cargo transportnear Maloelap on 1 9 January.

LOND ON, dmiralty-One of Hi s Majes-ty’s submarines operating under the com-mand of the Eastern Fleet has destroyed aJapanese cruiser of the Kuma class in thenorthern approaches to Malacca Str ait andalso sunk three large Japan ese supply ships.The cruiser was sighted in company of adestroyer. Two hits were observed on thecruiser, which sank . The enemy destroyer’scoun ter-a ttack was ineffective.

LONDONAzr Mznzstry-In th e Cha nne llast night’an RCAF squadron attacked twoenemy destroyers, one of which wa s h it an dleft aflre.

ALGIERS, avy-British destroy ers bom-barded enemy shore positions in support ofthe 5th Army’s assau lt on the Garigliano

River . , . In the Adriatic, our destroyersshelled Vela Luku.

midday bombed the wharf ar ea seaplanebase and shipping in the harbor: dropping4 5 tons of bom bs .. .New Ireland: Our airpatrols strafed and bombed shipping o f fCape Matanalem . . Wewak: Our airpatrols damaged a 1,ObO-ton freighter . . .Nad an g ’ Our light naval units san k fourtroop-la den barges off Cape Croisilles.

22 JANUARYN avy D epar t m ent Com m uni que

No. 4981. On 2 1 Jan u a r y 1944 two groups of

Navy bombers based in the Aleutiansbombed P aram ushiru Island.

ADVANCEDLLIEDHEADQUARTERSN NE WGUINEA-Amb06%a . Our heavy Units at

BRITISH SUBMARINE SINKSJAP CRUISER.

See commumique of 21 January.

a. The flrst ~ L ’ O U I ) ttacked enemy instal-lations on the southern coast of the islanda t miclniglit. Antia ircraf t fire was encoun-tered ana one enemy flghter ineffectively

engag ed our planes. All planes of th isgroup returned without damage.b. The second group three hours late r

bombed enemy installacions in the northerr;pa rt of P aram ushir u. No enemy planeswere encountered by this group and allU. S. aircraft returned safely.

U . S . Pacific Fleet Press ReleaseSeventh Army Air Force planes struck

three atolls in the Marshall Islands 21January (West Longitude date) .

In the early morning heavy bombers at-tacked shore installatidns of Roi and Kwa-jalein Island s in the Kwajalein Atoll. Atmidday, Mille was attacked by low-flyingMitchell bombers which bombed and st rafe dairfield installations, gun emplacements an dliving spaces and damaged one Dlanegrounded.

Tmiet and Emidi Island in th e . T nlu i t

group, were raidea I n th e f o r e n i & - - b yDauntless bombers. Shore facilities werebombed and straf ed and thre e small vesselswere damaged. No flghter oooosition wa senco unter ed on all these misslons and allou r planes returned safely.

ALGIERS,Navy-A united Bri tish , U. S.and Greek navy carried out the successfullandi ng of British and American troops onthe west coast of Italy this morning. Thewarships which escorted the force are , withadditional N etherlands and French vessels,supporting the operation with gunflre. Rea rAdmiral F r an k J. Lowry, USN,is in com-mand of the na\ al forces. Rear AdmiralThomas Hope Troubridge, of the BritishNa ry, commands that p art of t he forceswhich landed British troops.

LONDON, dmiralty and Air %instry-Atte mpt s by strong forces of U -boats and,

later, long-range enemy aircraft armedwith glider bombers to launch major at-tacks on a n important Atlantic convoysome weeks ago w as decisively defeated byHis Majesty’s escort ships in cooperationwith ai rcra ft of the Coastal Command andthe U. S. Navy.

Durin g th e whole period of t he convoy’sPassage, a close escort was provided dayand night by surface forces of the RoyalNavy and the Royal C anadian Navy andby Cafa lina and Ventura a ircr aft of theU. S. Navy, Hudson and Fortress aircraftof the Coastal Command operating fromGibraltar and the Azores and Liberatorand Sunderland aircra ft of the Coas talCommand home bases.

In a series of engagements which laste dfour days, His Majesty’s ships destroyedat leas t one U-boat probably san k anoth eran d damaged sevekal others. In additionto the se successes one U-boat was prob-ably destroyed aAd another believed tohave been damaged by Leigh-Light aircraftof the Coastal Command.

A number of aircraft were shot downinto the sea by aircraft which operated inwide areas around the convoy, and someothers were so badly damaged that theywere unlikely to reach their bases. Allefforts by the enemy to launch a concen-trated attack were completely frustrated.

The convoy was northbound for theUnited Kingdom about 2 5 0 miles west-southwest of Cape St. Vincent when hostileair cra ft were observed at intervals makinguse of cloud cover to shadow the ships.The enemy planes remained outside rangeof the ship’s guns bu t were driven off byaircraft of the Coastal Command.

Hudsons ooeratinz from Gibraltar andFortresses operating rom the Azores pro-vided close escort and carried wide anti-

submarine sweeps around the convoy dur-ing passage through the B ay of Biscay an dapproaches. Liberators, Sunderland s andBeaufighters maintained almost constantpatrols and engaged enemy aircraf t as theyset out from their bases.

Action was flrst joined with the enemyabout midway between the Azores and thecoast of Po rtu gal , when a U-boat was ot-tacked by Leigh-Light aircraft. Resu lts

could not be observed. Several hours latera fr igate attacked a U-boat in the vicinityand soon an oil patch rose to the surface.The submarine was believed to have been

damaged.Within three hours, another submarinewas sighted on the surface and two SlooYSattacked. They soon discovered two othLrU-boats. Both dived when illuminated. .

Before daybreak the following morninga Leigh-Light spotted another U-boat,illuminated it and attacked with depthcharges, which straddl ed the enemy amid-ships. Meanwhile, furt her surfac e escortswere ordered to join the convoy. Theycame upon two U-boats. Two corvettes at -tacked them. L ater, 1 7 survivors werepicked up and made prisoners. During theremaining hours, two further at tempt s weremade to pierce the protective screen of th econvoy. Both were intercepted and drivenOf f .

With dawn, the convoy reached the effec-tive range of ai rcraft operating fro m. heU,nited Kingdom. But when d arkne ss fellit was estimated that about 15 U-boats

were attemp ting to move into attack ingpositions.A fr igate attacked the f lrst of this enemy

force and blew a U-boat to the surface-with dept h charges. It was visible for afew minutes an d then disappeared, leavinga large pool of oil. Lat er tha t night quanti-ties of oil were brought to th e surfac eduring another attack made on anotherU-boat.

Furt her U-boats were attacked by otherships of the escort and by Liberators. Re-sults could n o t be fully observed.

By this time the constant attacks of ou rforces apparently were hav ing a discourag-ing effect on the enemy. The U-boats with- .drew. But the prolonged battle was notvet over.

The enemy attempted strong attacks onthe convoy with large forces of bomberaircraft based in France. The convoy wa sin a positian about 6 0 0 miles west of U sha ntwhen a frieate sighted a FW-200 aowoach-ing. The frigate - opened Are, scorih g sev-eral hi ts on the plane which made off withthick black smoke trailing from the portengine.

Shortly after, about 1 5 enemy planesconverged on the convov and were drivenoff by ;hips’ gun s an d planes of th e Coas talCommand. Despite intensed defensive flre,the enemy pressed home attacks withglider bombs. The batt le continued withlittle respite as fresh dan es joined theenemy. *It the height of thc action thcescort was strengthened by the arrival oPthe anti-aircraft cruiser , HMS Prince Rob-ert. which also eneacred the enemv.

broke off two FW’s, damaging one.’ Nearby a Liberator intercepted a Heinkel

1 7 7 which took to cloud cover. Wi thi n 3 5minutes this Liberator had separate com-bats with four Heinkels attempting tolaunch glider bombs against the convov.These battles were engaged in despite thefact that the Liberator was endangered byantiaircraft flro from the ships. Two of t h renemy aircraft were believed destroyedhits obtained on a third, and the fourtdjettisoned its bombs in or der to escape.

From the flrst sighting until th e time the

See communiques of 22 a d 3January.

-.age 42



enemy was finally driven off, the actionkdsted nearly tw o and a half hours. Durin gthis time only two ships of the convoy sus-tained any damage. Several attem pts weremade to attack the escoktlng ships, but\vlthout success.During the following day a Liberator on

close cscort engaged a Blohm and Voss 2 2 2ai rc ra ft which jitternoted to close with theconvoy. With the enemy flnally beaten off,the convoy, closely protected by ships andplanes, proceeded without f ur th er incident.

23 JANUARY

N a v y D e p a r tme n t C o mm u n iq u eNo. 499

1. On the morning of 23 Ja nu ar y twogroups of Nav y bombers bombed enemyinstallations on the south and west coastsof Param ushiru Island. Antia ircraft flrewas encountered but no enemy planes weremet. All U. S. planes returned withoutdamage.

ADVANCED ALLIED HEADQUARTE RSI IITALx-In a largc scale amphibious opera-tion in which British and -4iiicrican forceswere landed so uth of Rome, a substantialbeachhead was seized. This has beenwidened and deepened. The th ru st seriouslythre ate ns enemy lines of communicationsleading south and east t o the main batt lelines.

GUINEA-Timor: Our long-range flghtersdestroyed three coastal vessels . . . Adntir-alty Islands: Medium units left a 2,500-tonfreighter burning and listing, destroyed apatrol vessel and three barges . . . New

ADVANCEDLLIEDHEADQUARTERSN NEW

Britain: Five barges were destroyed atCape Hoskins . ..Hansa Bay: Our flghtersblew up a 1,000-ton enemy vessel loadedwith fuel.

24 JANUARY

U . S. Pacific Fleet Press ReleasePlanes of the 7th Air Force and Fleet

Air Wing 2 carried out attac ks on six atollsin the Marshall Islands during 2 2 and 23Janu ary (West Longitude t ime).

Army medium bombers at midday on 2 2January raided Wotje Atoll and KavenIslan d in Maloelap Atoll. At Wotj e a cargoship and a small oiler were damaged andairdrome installations were bombed andstrafed. There was no flghter oppositionand all our planes returned safely. AtKaven bombing and straflng attacks were

made on ground installations. Of 2 5 enemyfighters which intercepted, two were shotdown and a third crippled. Our losses weresmall.

In the afternoon of 2 2 January, EmidjIsland in the Jaluit Atoll was attacked byLiberators and Navy search T’enturas.Bomb hits were scored on installations atthe seaplane base and in the cantonment.No enemy flghter planes were encountoredand all ours la ne s returned safely.

In the evening of 2 2 January, Armyheavy bombers struck Mille Atoll and RoiIsland in the Kwaja lein Atoll. At Roi air-field facilities were bombed and severalgrounded bombers were damaged. Morethan a dozen flghters attacked our planes.Our gunners shot down one and pbssiblydestroyed four others.

In addition, three enemy planes weredamag ed. We suffered no losses. At Mille.bombs were dropped on the cantonment

area. No fleht er or anti airc raft ouuosition_was encoun‘iered.Navy search planes atta cking Ailingla-

pala p Atoll on 2 2 Ja nua ry bombed twosmall vessels, one of which ap paren tly hadbeen beached. and returned to their basewithout loss. On 2 3 January Sa vy se, irchplanes attacked a small convoy near J<wa-jalein, bombing and severely damaging aIxrgc cargo ship. We suffered no losses.

At midday on 2 3 January two groups of.\rniy Mitchell bonihers r:iided Ta ron , inthe Maloelap Atoll, hombing and machinegunning a irdrom e fa(-ilities and s trafln g anumbe r of sma ll cra ft. .4pproxiniately 25enemy flghters attaeked each group ofbomhers. Thre e fighters were shot down,two more believed shot down, and fourwere damaged. Damac e to ou r planes wigsslight. A l l planes returned to the ir bases.-

DVANCE ALLIED HEADQUARTER^ IN ITALY--hmerican and Rritish troops and sup-plies are pouring steadily into the heach-head thcxy have establish,ed south of Rome.Effective enemy opposition has not devel-oped in this wxtor.

C A I R O . lfiddls A’ast A i r - R A F at tacksaga ins t enwny shipping continue. Since 16Jan ua ry three sailing ships have been sunk

See communique of 22 January.in the Aeeean and o thers left aflre and stilloth ers se;erely dama ged.

GUINEA-Kavwng: Our nig ht ai r ps tr ol sbombed and severelv damaged a 7.000-ton

ADVANCEDLLIED HEADQUARTERSN NEW

enemy freighter . . .-Uligan: Our night pa-trols strafed and damaged a number ofbarges . . . Rai Coast: Three barges weredestroyed by our ai r patrols.

BERLIN,Nazi broadcast-“German tor-pedo planes and flghters attacked warshipsof the enemy land ing fleet sou th of Rome.One destroyer was sunk for certain andanothe r probably sunk. Hits were scoredon a cruiser, another small naval unit anda landing vessel of 2,500 tons . . . A sub-marine chaser destroyed its tenth enemysubmarine in the Mediterranean.”

25 JANUARYU . S. Pa cific Fleet Press ReleaseHea vy bombers of th e 7th Arm y Air

Force attacked Wo tje Atoll in the MarshallIslands at dusk 2 3 Janu ary (West Longi-tude date). Auuroximatelv 5 0 tons ofbonibs \vc& droipctl. S o Rfhtw oppositionwa s iiwt and all our planes returned safely.

attacked a Ja pa ne se convoy of seven mer-cha nt ships. One 6.600-ton freigh ter wa sseriously damaged and probably sunk.

ADVANCEDLLIEDHEADQUAXTERS I N NE WGUINEA-Adn&alty Is la nd s: Th ree ca rg oships of 1,000-tons were set aflre an d twoothers severely damaged. Several bargesand harbor craft were destroyed .Rabaul: A cargo vessel in Matupi Harioiwas flred by straflng . . . Hansa Bay: Anumber of barges along the shore were de-stroyed.

26 JANUARY

U . S. Pacific Fleet Press R elease

CHUNGKING,4th U . 8. Air Force-Mit-chells of t he Chines e-American Wing, on a:sea sweeu off th e sout hea st China coast.attacked a Ja pa ne se convoy of seven mer-cha nt ships. One 6.600-ton freigh ter wa sseriously damaged and probably sunk.

ADVANCEDLLIEDHEADQUAXTERS I N NE WGUINEA-Adn&alty Is la nd s: Th ree ca rg oships of 1,000-tons were set aflre an d twoothers severely damaged. Several bargesand harbor craft were destroyed .Rabaul: A cargo vessel in Matupi Harioiwas flred by straflng . . . Hansa Bay: Anumber of barges along the shore were de-stroyed.

26 JANUARY

U . S. Pacific Fleet Press R eleaseSeventh Army Air Force and Fleet Air

Wing 2 aircraft attacked four MarshallIsland atolls on 2 4 January (West Longi-. ude date ). Thre e atolls were raided twice

durine the dav.A r i i i y fighters and dive bombers made a

low-altitude attack on >lille, strikin? shoreinstallations with bombs and machine-gunflre. No enemy flghters were encounteredand we lost no aircraf t. A small-scale at-tack w as made on Mille in the evening. Wesuffered no losses.

Wotje was attacked by Army Mitchellbombers in the afternoon, with bomb hitson pun emolacements. installations andIivink quaite is. A I pluries rcturnetl to tlieirbase.<. There was no enemy figliter opposi-tion. A\ small-scale heavy bomber attnrkwas also made on Wotje in the evening,with no flghter oDDosition and no losses bv

encountered of which one was ihot down.All our planes escaped.

Arm y heavy bombers raided Ta roa in theevening, dropping over 2 0 ton s of bom bs onshore installations. This time the te was noflghter opposition, and none of o ur planeswas lost.

A Navy search Liberator encounteredthree small enemy airships with air coverof flve flghters near A ilinglapalap and shot

down three of th e flghters.

CHUNGKING.4t h U . S . Air Force-Mit-chell bombers of the Chinese-AmericanWing on 2 4 January attacked a Japaneseconvoy on th e ea st China coast, si nking one1.700-ton passenger-c argo vessel, two 2,200-ton freighters, one 2,700-ton passenger-

cargo vessel and m e 1,100-ton cargo boat.They also damaged one 2,700-ton vessel andattacked and shot down a Japanese sea-plane. Other Mitehells on a sweep betweenHong Kong and Nampang Island sank an-oth er 2.700-tan vessel. All ou r planes re-

zone near Nettuna Italy. They werelighted and carrie d offlcial markin gs, as laiddown by the Geneva Intern ation al Code. Itis believed t ha t compa ratively fe w liveswere lost. The survivors pald tribute to therescue eff ort s of, the Allied nava1,forCes.

LON DON , dntzralty-The Adm iralty re-grets to report the loss of HM S destroyerHolcombe.

GUINEA- abau l: Solomons-based torpedobombers s ank five cargo ships and an 011tanker and damaged two other ships Whlchwere lit er beached. Direct hlts were scored.Of 6 0 enemy fighters attempting to inter-cept, 2 4 were shot down and four othersprobably destroyed . . . Hansa Bay: Ourlight naval forces sa nk three troop-ladenbarges . . . Raa Coast: Our light navalforces sank a southbound barg e . . . Em-press Augusta Bay: Our light naval forcesshelled enemy positions near MotupenaPoint.

NEW DELHI, South west Asia Cwnmand-Two coastal vessels and a ZOO-foot mer-chant vessel were left in flames and prob-ably sunk by U. S. hea vy bombers of th eStrategic Air Force.

27 JANUARYU . S. Pacific Fleet Press Release

ADVANCEDLLIEDHEADQUARTERSN NEW

Kwajalein Maloelap and Mille Atollswere bombed by 7th Army Air Force planesan 2 5 January (West Longltude date) .More tha n 35 to ns of bombs --ere dropp edon Kwajalein in a n afternoon raid. No en-emy planes were encountered. One bomberwas wrecked on the ground durin g therai ds on Taro a and Maloelap. Of 30 enemyflghters which intercepted our planes, onewas shot down and three possibly destroy-ed. All our planes returned. Ground fa-cilities on Mille were fired in a morningraid. Navy sea rch planes severely dam -aged and may have sunk an oiler and oneescorting ship.

CAIRO,M z d d l e Ea st Azr-Britjsh airc raf tattacked 2 2 ships yesterday, sinking sev-

eral. The harbor of Pi raeus was againattacked.LONDON i r Ministry-A mediu m mer-

chant vessel, two small merchant vessels,and two escort ships were damaged off th eNorway coast by R AF an d RCA F Beau-flghters.

-28 JANUARY

U . S . Pacific Fleet Press ReleaseStorage buildings and airdrome facilities

on Taro a were bombed by 7th Arm y AirForce bombers 2 6 January. Of 2 0 enemyplanes which attempted to intercept, 11were shot down. On retlrement, our Planeswere pursued and in a running fight shotdown flve additional planes. All our planesreturne d. Medium bombers made a straflngattack on Emidj Island on the afternoon of2 6 January.

YUGOSLAVIA

W ~ T H upPo* OF

See communiques of 22 and 26January.

Page 43, . I



Medium bombers of the 7th Air Force

wa s attacked in the afternoon. Divean at tack on

in the late aft eh oo n and one of ourne s was shot down. Heavy bombers

2 0 tons of bombs ona t dusk. All our planes returned.-

DVANCED ALLIED HEADQUARTERSN NEWINEA-KaW&ng ar ea : H it s we re scor eda destroyer and a gunboat in convoy by

night air patrols . . . DiZi: Our heavya 1.000-ton cargo ship . . Em-

Augus ta Bay: Our naval units shelledrt in g flres.

29 JANUARYU . S. Pacific Fleet CommuniqlcePaciflc Fleet carrier ta sk forces have

BERLIN,Nazi broadcmt-“Since 2 2 Jan-at

ead the Luftwaffe ha sfive destroyers, hve freig hters andlanding craft. Three cruisers six

41 freighters have ’been

30 JANUARYU . S. Pacific Fleet Press ReleaseDur ing the night of 28-29 Janu ary , Army

tje, Kwajalem Jaluit andA tot al of 4 7 tons’of bombs wa sthe atolls. A flight of Na vy

shot down two of 1 2 attack-

INEA-Kavzeng ar ea : Ou r nig ht a ir pa-8 000-ton enemy vessel

31 JANUARYN a vy D epar tm ent Com m uni que

No. 500Pacific and Fa? East

1. U. S. submarines have reported the14 vessels in operations against

as fol-:

ADVANCEDLLIED EADQUARTERSN NEW

Sunk : Two large transp orts, one mediumone medium tan ke r one medium

o tran suor t. seve.6 medium,

2. These actions have not been an-

om mu n que.

U . S . Pacific Fleet C omm uniqu eOur carrier task forces today continued

Kwa jalein Roi MaloelapDuring the d a i , sui-face force;

U . S . Pacific Fleet Press ReleaseSeventh Army Air Force and Fleet Air

2 bombers attacked the principalbases dur ing the n ight of 29-30

ary. A total of 74 tons o fbombs wasped in the se att ac ks which were co-

ted with the a tta ck s of carrier-basedo days.

1 FEBRUARYU . S. Pacif ic Fleet C omm uniqu ePowerful forces of all types commandedVice Admira l R A. SDruance. rrsN. have

aptur e of the Marshall Islands.Following intensive preuaratory bom-

men t of enemy insOallaCions by ca rr ie r-

XKOMON

’ . .

I ISee communique of 27 January.

face units. Army and Marine assault forcehave initially established beachheads anislands in the vicinity of Roi and Kwaja-lein Island s in t he K wajalein Atoll.

Installations at Wotje and MaloelapAtolls were heavily bombarded by carrieraircraft and surface forces.

troops of the 4th Marine Division. coni-manded by Maj. Gen. IIarry Schniidt, USAIC.Ia nd in gs ar e being effected in the I<w~J:I-

lein Island area by troops of the i th In-fantry Division commanded by Maj. Gen.Charles H. Corlett, USA.

Stro ng opposition is being encou ntered inboth assau lt areas. Initial information indi-cates that our casualties are moderate.Supporting air atta cks a re being made atKwajalein Maloelap Wotje Mille JaluitEniwotek Lnd Wak e b y car rier for;es corn:manded bu Rea r Admira l M. H.Mitscher.USN; by units of t he 7th Ar my Air Forcecommanded by MaJ. Gen. Willis H. Hale,USA and by units of Fleet Air Wing 2, com-maGded by Re ar Ad mira l Joh n D. Price,

All shore-based aircraft in the Gilbert6ar e operatin g unde r direction of Com-mander Aircraft, Central Paciflc Force,Rear Admiral John H. Homer . USN.

USN.

U , S. Pacific Fleet Press ReleaseNaval a i rcraf t s t ruck at Taroa 2 9 Jan -

uary shot down four enemy planes anddamAged 39 on the ground. One enemyplane was shot down at Wotje, fuel andammunition d umm were set aflre. Our re-oorted losses are kom oara tivel s minor. sev-

eral pilots were rescued. On” 30 Jan u a r your carrier planes shot down 1 8 enemyplanes a t Roi, machhe:gunned and bombed51 others on the ground. Airdrome andother installations were heavily hit.

Coronados which raided Wake Island thenight of 3 0 - 3 1 Jan uary dropped more than20 tons of bombs on runw ays a nd groundinstallations, sta rti ng large Ares. Antiair-craft flre was light and no enemy planeswere encountered.

-ALGIERS, Navy-Our light naval forces

in the Adriatic on 30 January sank a largeschooner and a n enemy tanke r between Se-heneco and SDalato.

ADVANCED kLLIED HEADQUARTERSN NEWGUINEA-ElZendea River: Eight bargeswhich attac ked an Allied post were re-pulsed with 6 0 casualties and loss of fourbarees. . . . Ralzda Rea: A medium mer-

c h a h v essel was set aflre by a direct hit.. . . Rabaul: At dusk, our torpedo planesand dive bombers sank a medium cargoship. set flre to a des troyer and two freight-ers. . ..Madang Coast: A 2.000-ton freigh t-er was damage d by direct hits.

2 FEBRUARYU . S. Pacific Fleet CommuniqueOur forces have capture d Roi Island.Landings have been made on Kwajalein

and Namur Islands and the action is pro-gressing favorably. On Namur the enemyhas been contained in the extrem e north-ern portion of the island, and on Kwaja-lein ou r troops are flrmly established andar e pushing th e enemy back.

Continuous bombardment of the bea rhesby our ships planes and land-based artil-lery enabled’ our forces t o mak e landing son the three principal objectives wit h little

resistance.We have suffeTed*ng naval losses an d

casu altie s ar e ver3. mwilerate. It is now ap-parent that the attack took the enemycompletely by surprisq.

-CAIRO,Middle East Air: Several enemy

vessels were sunk and many severely dam-aged by RAF an d USAAF plmes yester -day.

3 FEBRUARYu. S. Pacific Fleet CommuniqueOu r forces have captured Namur Island

and several adjacent islands.Resistance continues in Kwajalein but

we have landed troops and mechanizedequipment in force and ar e proceeding withthe annihilation of the enemy.

ALGIERSN a v y : Light coastal forces inthe Adrtatic sank two more schooners nearSilba. An enemy patrol cra ft was sun k inthe Ligurian Sea. British destroyers bom-barded p orts below Ancona.

,

.4 FEBRUARY

N avy D epar t m ent Com m uni queNo. 501

On the night of 2 -3 February, two NavyCatalinas from the Aleutian Islandsbombed enemy inst allat ions on the south-east coast of Pa ram ush lru . Results of thebombing were not observed. No enemyplanes were encountered. Both our planesreturned.

Navy Departmelzt CommuniqzleN o . 5.02

Wlthin the space of 4 8 hours early inJanuary three German blockade-runners

heavily iaden with vital war m aterials weresent to the bottom of the South Atlanticby surfac e forces of th e U. 8. Nsvy oger-ating under the command of Vice AdmiralJonas Ingram, USN.

The eherny ships Bunk were‘the Burgen-taad, Rao GraMe and WeserlarLd, en routefrom Far-Eastern Japanese-held ports.Their holds were Alled with thousands oftons of rubb er tin fa ts and stra tegi c ores.

The blockadk rdnners were sunk by theU s s Somers destroyer, and the light cruiserU6 s Omahd and destroyer uss Jouett. Alarge num ber of prisoners w ere picked upfollowing the sinkings. In tw o of th e sink-ings, Navy search planes found the enemyships and called for the surface force tocomplete their destruction.

Th e WeserZarwE fell to the Somers alonewhile the other two were scuttled by theirCrews and their sinking hastened by gun-Are fro m the Omaha and Jowet t .

Summoned by planes, the Somers foundher target in th e darknes s of early morn-ing and on identifying the vessel as hos-tile opgned flre with he r main bat ter y ofAvg-inch guns. The flrst salvo hit the Wes-erlaud forcing the crew to abandon ship.The d h ro ye r then sank the vessel a f te rinternal explosions were set off by thecrew as thev left. Surv ivors were nicked

strang er she burst into flame the Fesult ofdemolition char ges placed by the crew. Thetwo American warships flred six-inch andAve-inch shells into the blockade-runnerand she soon sank.

On the following day the Omaha and theJotLett found the Burgenland. As the U. S.warships approached. a similar scene totha t enacted by the Rio G r a d e took place.However, destruction was ComDleted as inthe former case bv shellflre.

Hu ndr ed s of ton s of baled rubber foun dfloating amid the debris afte r the sinkingswere recovered and a re now on their wayto the United States.

U . S . Pacific Fleet Press ReleaseSeventh Army Air Force air cra ft bombed

Mille and Rongelap Atolls in t he M arshallson 2 February. More tha n 1 3 ton s of bombswere placed on airdrom e and gu n emplace-ments. Antiaircra ft was light and no enemyplanes encountered. All our planes re-turned safely. On 1 February Navy searchplanes dropped one ton of bo hb s on Wotjeand Taroa.

CAIRO, Middle East Air-RAF planes

bombed Suda Bay Tue sday night. A largevessel was left burning flercely north ofPatmos the following night. Four sail ingships were left in wrecked condition atParos Island.

5 FEBRUARYU . S. Pacific Fleet Press ReleaseOperations at Kwajalein Atoll continue

satisfactorily. Our forces have landed onEbeys, north of Kwajalein. We have now

44



occupied half the island. Gugegwe and Loihave been taken under attack by bombing.Our cas ualti es continue moderate.

Kwajalein, Ebeye and Loi Islands havebeen captured by our forces.

Carrier-based air cra ft atta cked Enim-etok,3 Feb rua ry, dropping many tons of bombsand destroying two planes bn the ground.On the same dav Warh awk flehters of the7th AAF machine-gunned and bombedMille. Also on the 3rd. Arm y bombers sa nka small freighter and dumped bombs onEmidj and Jaluit. Wake was bombed on4-5 F ebruary by two squadrons from FleetAir Wine 2. None of our ulanes was lost.

LONDON, Adnairalty-Off- th e nor th westcoast of Fran ce ea rly this morning, light

forces of the Royal N avy encountered anenem y force of one E l b i w class destroyerand several minesweepers. Duri ng the briefengagement, several hits were seen on thedestroyer before i t escaped under cover of asmoke screen. One minesweeper wa s setaflre and anoth er was seen to be damaged.

is Majesty's ships suffered neither casu al-ties nor damage.

6 FEBRUARYU . S. Pacific Fleet CommuniqueOccupation of the Kwajalein Atoll is

slands hav e been captured af ter moderateesistance and several additional unde-

fended islands occupied.

U . S . Pacific Fleet Press ReleaseCarrier-based aircraft struck Eniwetok

on 5 February. No further information isOn the same day, 7th

y Air Force bombers struck Jaluit. OnFebru ary, 7th AA F bombers star ted Ares

Wo tje and Maloelap. On 3 February,at

and Taroa. None of our-HUNGKING14th U. 8. Air Force-A

a sea sweep off t he Sout heas t Chinaoast. Thre e 5,600-ton vessels and th ree

1.700-ton ships were sunk with another1,700-ton .vessel probabl y sunk. All ou r

-HUNGKING14th U. 8. Air Force-A

a sea sweep off t he Sout heas t Chinaoast. Thre e 5.600-ton vessels and th ree

1.700-ton ships were sunk with another1,700-ton .vessel probabl y sunk. All ou r

A L ~ I E R S , &tw-Our light coastal forcesin the Adriatic sank one small and two

edium schooners in Zara Channel ander ne ar Sebenko on the night of 3-4

ebruarv. tak ine Drisoners in each case.ADVAGdED AL<l<D HEADQUARTERSN NEW

and Muschu. le ft a 3.000-ton enem y

. . .Bay: A 1.000-ton freigh ter, a coastalessel and nine barges w ere sunk. . . Bou-

qainwille: Ou r naval units at night bom-on the northwest

oast.

7 FEBRUARY

N a v y D e p a r tme n t C o mmu n iq u eN o . 503

N o r t h Pacific1. At 10 p.m. 4 Fcbru aiy (Tokyo time). S. naval su rfa ce unit.; bom barded enemy

insta iiatia ns on the south and east coas tsof Param ushir u. A number of fires weret art ed and one unidentified en emy ship

was hit and beached. Enemy coastal gunsreturned flre but U. S. units sustained nodamage.

2. During the same night a flight of ouraircraft bombed Paramushiru and Shimu-shu. All U. S. planes returned.

U . S . Pacific Fleet Press ReleaseThe following details regarding casual-

sault on Kwajalein Atoll ha veeen compiled on the bas is of r epo rts re-

ceived as of the evening of 6 February(West Longitude date) :

In the southern attack force which cap-tured Kwajalein Island and adjacent ob-ectives, our dead number 157, wounded

7 1 2 , missing 17 . In the same area thenemy dead num ber 4,650, enemy prisoners7 3 .

In the northern attack force which cap-

objectives, our dead number 1 2 9 , wounded4 36 missing 65. In the same are a theenimy dead number 3,472, prisoners 91 .It is expected Anal Agures will vary only

tly from the above.

ADVANCEDLLIEDHEADQUARTERSN NE WO ur attack planes de-

3 0 barges and a 2.000-tonat Buna Buna harbor and s et afire

vessels and a corvette. .. Bou-Our naval units shelled Hamela

. . .Bay: A coastal vessel and four

ADVANCEDLLIEDHEADQUARTERSN NE WO ur attack planes de-

3 0 barges and a 2.000-tonat Buna Buna harbor and s et afire

vessels and a corvette. .. Bou-Our naval units shelled Hamela

. . .Bay: A coastal vessel and four

See communique of 7 February

barges damaged. . . . Cape Dumpier: Ourmedium units destroyed three enemy gunpositions and three barges.

8 FEBRUARYN a v y D e p a rtme lz t C o mm u n iq u e

No. 50 41. Th e U. S. submarine Cisco and the

U. S. submarine 8 - 4 4 ar e overdue from pa-trol an d must presumed to be lost.

2. The nex t of kin cf personnel in theCisco and the 8-44 have oeen so notifled.

U . S. Pacific Fleet Communique1. Organized resistance on Kwajalein ha s

@eased, an d its ca ptu re and occu pation hav ebeen completed.

9 FEBRUARYU. . Pacific Fleet Press ReleaseSeveral small enemy boats were sunk at

Ja lu i t 6 Febru ary by search planes of FleetAir Wing 2 and of the 7th AAF. Airc raftof both these forces continued atta cks onenemy-held Marshall atolls 6- 7 February.

ALGIERSNaup-Allied warships cantinuetheir shell'ing of the Formia area. An am-munition Aiimn was blown UD and maiwcasu altie s inflicted.

CHUNGKING,4t h AAF-On 7 February,B-25's on a sweep of the Yangtze Riversan k a 150-foot cargo boat, three 100-footcargo boats, probably tw o 100-foot freig ht-ers and a large barge.

ADVANCEDLLIEDHEADQUARTERSN.NEWGUINEA-R~~CLUZ.n a pre-dawn rald onthe harbor our tornedo bombers set flre toa cargo ship and scored a direct hit an asurfac ed submarine.

io FEBRUARYU . S . Pacific Fleet Press ReleaseTh e uss Burffls, a destroyer commanded

by Comdr. Donald T. Eller, sank an entireconvoy of four enemy ships in the MarshallI s lan dsd l January (West Longi tude da te) .The Burns was attached t o a carr ier taskforce and was sent to rescue Navy fliersforced d0w.n at sea. Returning toward t hetask force she encountered a tanker, amedium cargo vessel and tw o smaller craft,

and sank all with gunfire.U . S . Pacific Fleet Press ReleaseAir atta cks bn enemy-held islands in the

Cent ral Paciflc continued 7. 8 and 9 Febru-ary (West Logitude date) . On 8- 9 Febru-ary bomb hits were scored on Wake Islandairdromes and barracks. All our planes re-turned safely. D uring 7 February, 7thAAF fighters and bombers dropped 33 tonsof explosiv e on enem y bases in the Mar-shalls without casua lties to our forces. On8 February, 2 4 tons of bombs were droppedon these and other targe ts. On 9 February,5 7 tons of bombs were droDDed. Du rin e theperiod covered by thes e ra%s. Na vy sear chLiberators carried out individual and straf-ing missions.

CAIRO,Midcl6e East Air-A sup ply vesselin Laneeri Bav blew UD af ter be ineattacked- anothef w as left ribdled with can-non hole's and a third w as listing with its

decks awash as Allied bombers continuedunabated their att ack s on enemy shippingin the Aegean Sea.

11 FEBRUARYNavy Department CommuniqHe

No. 50.5Pacific and Far East

U. S. submarines have reported the fol-

lowing results in operations against theenemy in these waters :

Sunk : One large auxiliary, two mediumtransports, one medium cargo transport,two laree tankers. flve medium freightersand one-small freigh ter.

These actions have not been announcedin any previous Navy Department com-munique.

U . S . Pa cific Fleet Press ReleaseWake Island was attacked by Coronado

bombers of Fleet Air Wing 2 on 10 Febru-ary (Wes t Longitude dat e). Dive bombersand flghters of the 7th AA F continued, tobomb enemy-held Marshall Islands during1 0 February. More tha n 1 0 0 ton s of e x-

plosive were dropped. No enemy flg hte ropposition was encountered. Our warsh ipsbombarded an important enemy-held atollin the Marshalls without drawin g returnfire.

GUINEA-WeWak: Ou r nig ht pa tr ol s disco\--ered and attacked a large enemy barg e con-centration at Muschu Island. The bargeswere reported destroyed o? seriously dam-aged. . . . Solomon Islands; Our air patrolsdestroyed or damaged fo ur barges at GreenIsland.

13 FEBRUARYCHUNGKING,4th AAF-Mitqhells of th e

Chinese-American Wi ng on a sea sweep offthe East China coast attacked a 5,800-tonmerc hant vessel leaving it burning andsinking. They alio probably san k two smalltenders totaling 1 , 6 0 0 tons.

GUINEA,Ra bau GS ix barges In the harborwere sunk. . . . Wewak: Ou r night air pa-trols scored direct hjts which left a 3,000-ton enemy vessel listing. . . M a d a l z g Coast:Our light naval units bombarded shore tar-gets at night.

ADVANCEDLLIEDHEADQUARTERSN NE W

ADVANCEDLLIEDHEADQUARTERSN NE W

14 FEBRUARY

U . S. Pacific Fleet Press ReleaseCarrier-based a irc raf t attacked Eniwe-

tok Atoll 1 0 11 and 1 2 February, heavilybombing grdund inst allati ons with out op-position. Carrier planes damaged Ujae in-stallations before dawn 1 2 February. Onthe same day, 7th AAF heavy bombersdropped bombs and strafted three targetsin the Ma rshalls and Navy search planesmade bombing att ac ks on Ujelan,g andUtirik Atolls. A smal l for ce of enemybombers raided Roi during the night of11-12 February. Damage and casualties

were moderate.ADVANCEDLLIEDHEADQUARTERSN NEW

GUINEA-Rabanl : One of our night patrolsreported a direct hit on an enemy ship inSt. George Channel . . . Wewak: A 3,000-ton enemy freighter an d coastal vessel w asleft in flames and two barges were su nk

. Ro i Coast: Our l ight , naval unitsbdmbarded installations at night.

15 FEBRUARYCHUNGKIN;, 14 th USAAF-On a sea

sweep off Tongking Gulf, our Mitchellsbeached and broke in two a 750-ton vesseland destroved docks and railroad termi-nals at Baklin Bay, Hainan Island . . .Six convoy ships were atta cke d off Foo-chow. Chinese-American planes s an k one10,400-ton trans port. two 700-ton f reieh t-ers, and da mag eb one 1,200-ton trans port.American aircraft sank one 1.200-tonfreighter and damaged two 1.200-tonfreighters.

GUINEA-~olonaon Isl and s: W e have seizedADVANCEDLLIEDHEADQUARTERSN NE W

J pyq , AKE ISLAND

L

See communique of 11 February

Page 45.-



the northern end of the Solomons Archi-pelago. Naval and air forces covered theoccupation of t he G reen Isl and s by NewZealand and American troops. An esti-mated 20,000 enemy troops dispersedthrough Choiseul, Shortland, Bougainvilleand Buka ar e now isolated from theirsources of supply at Rabaul. Starvationand disease are certain to ensue. For allstrateaic uuruoses. th is romnletes the

lantic convoy against an attack by enemyaircraft last Saturday. The enemy con-sisted of a mixed group of 11 planes. Fou rGrumman Wildcat flghters went up to in-tercept. They shot down two attacke rs and

damaged a third. The convoy was undam-aged and all our aircraft landed safely.

16 FEBRUARY

U . S. Pacific Fleet Press ReleaseLiber ators of th e 7th TJSAATi ’ struck

Pona pe in considerable -fx<e-l<-Fe&uary(We st Logitude dat e) More than 55 tonsof bombs were bopped on shore installa-tions. A small cargo ship was sunk. Airattacks an enemy-held bases in the Mar-shalls continue. Mejit Islan d in the east-ern Marshalls, was attacked’l4 February.

ADVANCEd ALLIED HEADQUARTER# N NEWGUINEA-KaV%eng: Con tinu ing ou r at ta ck son Kavieng at minimum altitude the townwas left a mass of flame. A ’ 3,000-toncargo ship three coastal and severalsmaller sh&s were sunk. In the face ofheavy Are, a Navy Catalina landed in theharbor and rescued 15 of our fliers . . .Wewak: Our night patrols sank a 1,000-ton freighter and damaged a submarinechaser. Fighters wrecked two surfacecraft.

CHUNGKING 14t h USAAF - itchellssweeping Ton’gking Gulf bombed a 1,200-ton ship and a 1,000-ton steamer.

17 FEBRUARY

U. . Pacific Fleet Com mulziqueNo. 34

At daylight yesterday morning 1 6 Feb-ruary (West Long. date) powerful navaltas k forces of t he U. S. Pxiflc Fleet com-menced an attack on the Japanese navalbase at Truk, with several hundred of ou rplanes .participating. No further details

are available. -DVANCI~DLLIED EADQUARTERS I N NEWGUINEA-MussatL Is la nd : O ur nig ht un it sdiscovered a convoy attempting to supplythe enemy’s hard-pressed units in the Bis-marck Archipelago. Our heavy and me-dium units struck immediatelv and d ~ -stroyed or severely damaged ah 8,OOO-~ontanker which was beached, a 6,000-tontransport, three 1,500-ton cargo ships anda n escorting destroyer. All these ships sus-tained many direct hits . . . Wswak: Our...air patrols at night wrecked 1 0 barges . .Our air and light naval units attackedshore installations, at night.

LONDON,zr Mznastry and Adn%$ralty-Two Grumma n Wildcats operating from acarrier intercepted a n d , shot down twoJunkers 2 9 0 aircraft equipped with gliderbombs which attempted to att ack a convoy

in the North Atlantic yesterday.

18 FEBRUARY

U . S . Pacific Fleet C omm uniqueN o . 35

The capture of Eniwetok Atoll has beenunder taken by forces of th e Paciflc Oceanareas. Army and -Marine assault troopshave landed and edtablished beachheads.

The initial landines took ulace afterstrong preliminary attacks 6y carrier-based aircra ft and by heavy ships of th ePaciflc Fleet. T he troops went as hore un-der cover of na val eunflre and with t heclose sup por t of low-flying ai rcra ft. ,

All forces participating are under theimmediate command of Rear Admiral R.K. Turner, US N : the amphibious forces arecommandeh bv Rear Admiral H. W. Hill.USN. Th$ %ss&ult troops, comprising the

22d Marines and elements of the 106thArmy Infantry, are commanded by BrigGen. T. E. Watson, USMC.

ADVANCED ALLIEDHEADQUARTER#IN NEWGUINEA- ew Hanover: Our mediumunits continued the assault on a south-bound convoy attempting to reinforce theenemy’s Bismarck bases. S trikin g at mast-

I

See communiue of 15 February.

head height in successive atta cks we sanka 7,500-ton tanker, flve carg o’ sh ip s of2,000 tons each, a 500-ton freighter andtwo escorting corvettes. Enemy personnelcasualties were heavy. With vesterday’slosses, the total is noir 1 2 merchant shipsan d three escorting warships. This is be-lieved to have comprised practically theentire convoy.

19 FEBRUARY

N av y D epartmelzt CommulziqlceNo. 506

Pacific and Par EastTwo United States submarines recently

returned from patrols deep in JapaneseEmpire waters report sinking 13 enemymerchant ships totaling 6 8 ,2 0 0 tons.

These sinkings have not been reportedin an y previous Navy Department com-munique.

Pacific Fleet Ann oulzcementSupplenienting the major attacks on

Truk and Enixvetok. our forces have con-. tinued to neutr alize other enemy bases in

the Central Paciflc.On 1 6 February (West Lang. date) Lib-

erators, Daun tless dive bombers an d Wa r-hawk flghters of the 7th Army Air Forceattacked four atolls in the eastern Mar-shall Islands. At one base Warhawksblew UP a fuel dump, damaked a smallcargo ship and sa nk three small craft.On the same day, search planes of FleetAir Wing 2 bombed ground installationsat two other atolls.

On 1 7 February Army Liberatorsbombed warehouses and docks at Ponapeand harbor installations at Kusaie. ArmyLiberators and Warhawks attacked aneastern Marshall base and Navy searchplanes bombed and s tr&fe d insta llatio ns attwo other areas.

Between 14-18 February ou r warshipsrepeatedly shelled important enemy posi-tions in the eastern Marshalls.

Pacific Fleet CommulziqueOur forces have captured the enemy air

base at Engebi and several other islandsin the northe rn portion of the Eniw etokAtoll. Preliminary reports indicate ourcasualties have been light.

Ass aults on other pprtions of th e atollare proceeding accordmg to plan.

ALaIERs Na vaG Gu nfl re support by ourships has’ continued in the Anzio are a.Pa tro ls of torpedo boa ts of the U. S: Navyintercepted enemy destroyers or minelay-ers approa ching north of Cap raia during1 7 - 1 8 February. Torpedo attacks were de-livered by the P T boats. Resu lts of thesewere not observed.

LONDON.Admiralty-During recent pa-trols in the North Atlantic, Mediterraneanan d Far East, His Majesty’s submarineshave destroyed a total of 1 9 enemy ships.

20 FEBRUARY

Pacific Fleet CommuniqueThe Pariflr Fleet has returned at Truk

th e t i s t m ade b y th e Jap anese F leet atPearl Harbor on 7 December 1 9 4 1 , an deffected a partia l settle ment of the debt.Initial approach was undetected.

Durine attacks on 1 6 an d 1 7 Februarv

(West Long. date) our carrier planes de-troyed at least 2 0 1 enemy aircraft, 127 ofwhich were shot down in combat. Morethan 50 additional enemy aircraft weredamaged on the ground. There was noenemy air opposition on the second day ofthe attack.

Enemy surface ships sunk included twolight cruisers, three destroyers, one am-

munition ship one seaplane tender, twooilers, two gud boats and eight car go ships.Additional enemy ships probably sunk in-cluded one cruiser or large destroyer, twooilers and four cargo ships.

Shore facilities on the principal islands,including airdrome runways and installa-tions, were thoroughly bombed andstrafed.

Our loses were 1 7 planes. None of ourships was lost, but one sustained moderatedamage.

Admiral R. A. Spruance, u#N, was inover-all command of th e operation andRear Admiral Marc Mitscher, USN, formercomm anding offlcer of the Ho rnet, directedthe carrier air attack.

Pacific Fleet AnnouncemelztAircr aft of the 7th Army Air Force and

Navy search planes of Fleet 4i r Wing 2continued bombing att ac ks on enemy posi-tions in the.Marshal1 and Caroline Islandsduring 1 7 February (West Long. date).

Arm y Libe rators bombed docks andshipping at Kusaie, sinking a small ship.Army Warhawks and Navy Ventura andLiberator search planes attacked fourMashall atolls, scoring hits on ground in-stallations, an air fleld and a radio station.

None of our planes was lost.

(i

Sea Water(C o n t in u e d from Page 2 9 )

one and one-half pints of water a dayor less, do not eat more than 10 one-inch cubes a day-equivalent to aboutfive ounces. If the fish is a shark ordogfish, eat only four cubes. If youhave no water or only very smallamounts, even this small quantity offlesh may increase your thirst; in tha tcase, don’t eat it. Ea t the flesh beforeit dries out. D o not eat dried flesh un-

less you are drinking 32 ounces (onequart) of water daily. These limita-

tions are set because the kidneys mayhave to draw water from the body torid it of the by-products of the proteincontained in flesh.

The much-publicized statement thatone can easily “wring water out of fishflesh with a cloth” is not true. The at-tempts of most of those who havetested the theory have been quite un-successful. Special presses ar e re-quired to produce fluid from fish flesh;the fluid extracted b y some of thesepresses is so high in prptein and saltthat it is not considered a satisfactorysubstitute for water. Attempts t o

“chew water” out of fish flesh usuallyresult in reducing the flesh to mushwithout th e production of useful water.Fish is to be considered as food, not asa source of water.

In closing, it should be noted thatLieutenant Smith made good use ofparachute cloth in fashioning a head-gear protecting against sunburn. Dlonot lay a poncho or a tarpaulin directlyon the body to p rotect it from sunburnin warm weather; such action will pre-vent circulation of air over the bodyand increase the loss of water bysweating. Suspend them above th e

body, or don’t use them. And don’tfor get tha t you can save yourself avery sore pai r of shins if you use safe typins to attach your sock tops to yourtrousers, thereby preventing sunburnof your legs. ,

Page 46



‘March of Death’(Colztilzued from Page 13 )

shipment to Davao on the island ofMindanao, with stops at Cebu andIloilo.

The voyage took 11 days. The holdwas filthy and vermin-infested. Some

prisoners were lucky enough to get aplace on the junk-filled, rain-sweptdeck. Two men died on the trip. On

7 November 1942, the Americans wereunloaded at Lansang Lumber Co., nearDavao Penal Colony. The sun treat-ment for two hours followed, and thenthe group was forced to march morethan 15 miles to the penal colony. Manywere so weakened they fell by theroadside. In this instance, Japanesepicked them up, threw them intotrucks, and carried them along.

It developed that the Japanese com-

manding officer at the penal colony,which in peace times had been oper-ated for criminals by the PhilippineBureau of Pr isons , was disturbedwhen he saw the condition of theAmericans. He had requested able-bodied laborers. Instead, he shouted.he had been sent walking corpses.

In spite of the condition of the pris-oners, they were without exception putto ha rd labor-chaplains, officers, andenlis ted men alike. Colonel Dyess,barefooted for a month and a half,was forced to clear jungle and plow

every day.

During Colonel Dyess’ 36 1 days as aprisoner of wa r, he received $1 0 in

pay from the Japanese. To get the $1 0he was forced to sign a statement say-ing that he had received more than$250, with clothes, food, and lodging.No clothes were issued until Amer-ican and British Red Cross suppliesbegan to arrive at Davao, an eventColonel Dyess’ statement describes as“the salvation of the American pris-oners of war.”

Food was slightly better at Davao.In addition to rice, the prisoners re-ceived once a day a small portion ofmango beans, and some camotes, greenpapayas, casavas, or cooking bananas.However, most of the prisoners al-ready were suffering from beri beriand the food was not sufficient to pre-vent the disease from progressing. Al-though oranges and lemons were abun-dant in the vicinity, the Japanesewould not allow prisoners to havethem. The brutal ity of Japanese offi-cers continued. One lieutenant habi t-ually beat prisoners. According to the

statement of Colonel Mellnik, this lieu-tenant had done most of h is fightingat the rear when in action, and hadbeen assigned to prison duty as a pun-ishment. He avenged himself on the

prisoners.

The camp commandant made aspeech to the prisoners shortly aftertheir arrival.

“YOUhave been used to a soft, easylife since your capture,” he said. “Allth at will be different here. You willlearn about hard labor. Every pris-oner will continue to work until he isactually hospitalized. Punishment formalingering will be severe.”

These orders were rigidly enforced.When Colonel Dyess, Colonel Mellnik,and Commander McCoy escaped fromDavao in April, 1943, only 1,100 of the2,000 prisoners there were able t owork.

The arrival of two Red Cross boxes.for each prisoner early in 1943 causedjoy beyond description among the pris-oners, according to the statements of

the three officers. The boxes containedchocolate bars, cheese, tinned meatsand sardines, cigarettes, a portion eachof tea, cocoa, salt, pepper, and sugar.Most import ant of all, quinine andsulfa drugs were included.

The Red Cross supplies had been re-ceived aboard a diplomatic ship in

Japan in June, 1942. The prisonersnever learned why it took them sevenmonths to reach Davao.

A few days before Commander Mc-Coy, Colonel Mellnik, Colonel Dyessescaped from Davao on 4 April 1943,one of the American prisoners, a hos-

pital orderly, was wantonly murderedby a Japanese sentry.

The orderly was digging camotes.Colonel Mellnik reported, outside thehospital stockade and directly beneath

a watch tower. It was an extremelyhot day. He called to a fellow pris-oner to toss him a canteen from thestockade. As the orderly was about todrink from the canteen, the Japanesesentry in the tower shouted at himangrily.

To show that the canteen containedonly water, the orderly took it fromhis mouth and poured a little on theground. Apparently because he didthis, the sentry tra ined his rifle on himand fired. The bullet entered at theneck and shoulder and came out at the

hip.The orderly cried out: “Don’t shootme again.”

The sentry fired two more bulletsinto the man’s body. He then emptiedhis clip at the man inside the hospitalstockade, who ran for his life and wasnot hit.

What Is Your Naval I.Q.?1. What canal and what bridge are ’ 11.What colors appear on the Euro-

Dean-Africa-Middle East area c a mactors in determining the size-of U.S. warships?

2. You would find a barbette under:

(a) a scupper; (b) rudder; ( c )beauty salon; (d) turret?

3. Name the first five U. S. navalvessels commissioned by Congress.

4. “Flying the milk run” usually re-fers to: (a ) a monotonous o r routineflying assignment; (b) flying to a sup-ply base for additional ration; (c)target towing for gunnery practice;(d) flying students on practice mis-sions?

5 . What pa rt of a ship is said to be“betwixt wind and water”?

6. When render-ing a hand saluteproperly, the fore-arm is inclined atan angle of: (a )25 degrees; (b) 30degrees; ( c ) 45 de-grees; (d) 65 de-grees?

7 . Why is the magnetic equator agood place to ad jus t compasses?

8. “I’m up the pole,” the sailor said.

What did he mean?9. Who was the first commissioned

officer (afloat) of th e U. S. Navy?10 . In what historical event did the

uss Olympia-now a relic-partici-pate?

paign ribbon? What do they repre-sent ?

12 . After what--or whom-are de-stroyer escort vessels named?

13. True or false: offenses commit-ted by naval personnel on shore arepunished the same as if committed atsea.

14. The U. S. Navy will expand itspresent landing c raft fleet to: a) 183,-00 0 units; (b) 22,156 units; (c) 80,-00 0 units; (d) 54,572 units?

15 . Identify this enemy ship:

16. The Skagerrak is: (a) a Rus-sian fighter plane; (b) a body of waterbetween Norway and Denmark; ( c )an atoll in the Marshall Islands; (d)a n instrum ent used by Helldiver pilots.

17 . A “fogy” is: (a) an old man;(b) a smelly cigar; (c) an increase

in pay due to length of service; (d)a cloudy day; (e) the end of a rope?

18. Every Navy vessel and district

craft must be in one of what six con-dition&?

19 . Who .is in charge of a fleet?20 . ,What is a “baldheaded schoon-

er”?

(Answers on page 60)

Pdge 47



*Johnnie D. Hutchins, Slc , USNR,

Houston, Tex. (posthumously) : Dur-ing the assault on Lae, 4 September1943, Hutchins’ LST approached theenemy shore under a hail of fire. Atorpedo pierced the surf and bore downon the craft with deadly accuracy.Before the helmsman could steer clearof the torpedo, a bomb struck th e pilothouse, dislodging the helmsman. Al-though mortally wounded by the ex-plosion, Hutchins quickly took thewheel and exhausted the last of hisstrength in manuevering the vesselclear of the tmpedo. Still clinging tDthe helm, he eventually succumbed to

his injuries, his final thoughts con-cerned only with the safety of his ship.

*Comdr. Roy S. Benson, USN, Con-cord, N. H.: On one occasion, as com-mander of a submarine in enemywaters, he effected such a brilliantlyplanned approach that his submarinewas responsible for the severe damag-

ing of a n enemy airc raft carrier. Hiscommand also sank an importantamount of Japanese shipping.

* Comdr. Charles H. Andrews, USN,

Hamden, Conn.: As commanding offi-cer of a submarine in Japanese waters,he attacked the enemy with such ag-gressive determination that his sub-marine succeeded in sinking 15,000

tons of enemy shipping and damagingmore than 43,000 tons.*Comdr. Anthony H. Dropp, USN,Milwaukee, Wis. : Under CommanderDropp’s excellent supervision, his sub-marine successfully destroyed one hos-tile freighter and two large tankerswhile on a war patrol in enemy-con-trolled waters.* Comdr. William N. Wylie, USN, Bre-vard, N. C.: In addition to sinking animportant amount of enemy shipping,including a brilliant attack on astrongly escorted freighter, Com-mander Wylie’s excellent supervisionresulted in the success of a special

vital mission by his submarine.*Lt. Comdr. John A. Tyree, USN,

Danville, Va. : As commanding officerof a submarine in Japanese waters, hesucceeded in dealing crippling blows toJapanese shipping. His submarinesank 23,000 tons and damaged 20,000tons of hostile shipping.

Page 48

For reasonsof security, the deed

for which a man receives a decora-

tion very often cannot be fully de-

scribed, either in this section or in

the actual citation which the man

receives. There may accordingly

be citations reported here which

do not tell the whole story.

*Lt . (j g) Frederick C. Cross, Jr.,USNR, Lunenberg, Mass. (posthu-mously) : While serving as a bomberpilot with the Atlantic Fleet, he sus-tained mortal wounds and his planewas crippled in an engagement withan enemy submarine. Despite hiswounds, he managed to drop depthcharges across the sub’s bow and make

a perfect water landing with his shat-tered plane, thus enabling his co-pilotand radio operator to survive and sub-sequently attain safety.

*Ens. William N. P. Homer, USNR,

Philadelphia : Although flames spreadrapidly over a bombed seaplane tender,he courageously boarded the blazingvessel and removed a seriouslywounded Army officer despite immi-nent dange r of suffocation and burns,during the assault on Sicily, 10-12 July1943.* Franklin A. McGinty, SoM3c, USNR,

Calhoun, Ga. (posthumously) : Whenan unde rwater explosion caused devas-

tating fires and damage aboard hisship on 5 August 1943 he unhesitat-ingly risked his life in behalf of en-dangered shipmates. In a courageousattempt to rescue a man known to betrapped in a blazing compartment heentered the compartment and wa s him-self trapped.

*.George S. Pilewski, HAlc, USNR,

Dickson, Pa. (posthumously) : Whenthe detonation of a n enemy bomb setof f numerous fires and filled the tur-re ts of the USS Savannah with smokeand toxic gases durinq the invasion ofItaly, 11 September 1943, he risked hislife to enter one of the turr ets and

coolly evacuate the personnel. Unmind-ful of his own danger, he continuedhis unselfish service until he was over-come.

Commissary StewardCited By Belgium

George Trotter, CCSt, USNR, ofBrooklyn Park, Md., has beenawarded the Maritime Medal by theBelgian government fo r first aid andcare to Belgian survivors. The cita-tion reads: “Night and day, Trotter

did not cease to minister unspar-ingly to the survivors irf the ssGandia as long as they remainedaboard the Bernadou. On accountof his devoted care, several of thesurvivors have retained the use oftheir limbs.”

* Admiral (then Vice Admiral) Ray-mond A. Spruance, USN, ndianapolis,Ind.: In a position of g re at responsi-bility as Commander, Central PacificForce, he conducted the assaults onTarawa, Makin and Abemama withdaring strategy and brilliant employ-ment of his units. The result of thi svital operation assured success in open-ing the Central Pacific Area to U. s.forces.

* Rear Admiral John W. Reeves Jr.,USN, Coronado, Calif.: With supplyand t rans port problems under his per-sonal supervision as Commander, Al-askan Sector from June 1942 toAugust 1943, he was distinctly suc-cessful in providing necessary facili-ties duri ng the movement of our forcesalong the Aleutian chain. As taskgroup commander of t he Nor th PacificForce, he assisted effectively in supply-ing escort ships.

’

Rear Admiral Arthu r S. Carpender,USN, Washington, D. C.: As Com-mander, Southwest Pacific Force from11 September 1942 to 26 November1943, he employed forces under hiscommand with such skill that manyoperations were succesfully accom-plished and many territories freedfrom Japanese occupation.

*Capt. James H. Doyle, USN, Jamaica,

N. Y .: Displaying gallant determina-tion and outstanding ability on thestaff of Commander Amphibious Force,South Pacific, he participated in theoccupation of Guadalcanal, Tulagi andall subsequent phases of the SolomonIslaads campaign. Subjected t o num-erous air attacks and bombardments,he maintained courage, perseveranceand devotion to duty that contributedin large measure to the success of ourforces.k cap t . I r v i n g T. Duke, USN, Rich-mond, Va. : As an opera tions officer ofa joint Army-Navy staff during theplanning and la ter occupation of A ttu

and Kiska, May-August 1943, he skill-fully correlated the movements of thevarious elements of the assault forcesand contributed in a large measure tothe success of the operations.*Capt. Charles W. Gray, USN, Chi-cago, Ill. : Operating under extremelydifficult weather conditions, the sub-



marine force under his direction car-ried out numerous hazardous combatmissions. By his brilliant leadershipand skill, the force acquired invaluableinformation and inflicted severe dam-age to the enemy.

f Capt. William M. Moses, USN, Ala-mosa, Colo.: As gunnery officer on thestaff of Cinclant from 21 September1941 to 1 June 1943, he displayedmarked ability in the development ofantisubmarine weapons and tacticsan d in the establishment of a sound

convoy policy.*Comdr. Jack S. Dorsey, USN, Jack-sonville, Fla.: At an advanced base inAleutian waters, he maintained hisship in efficient fighting condition de-spite extremely bad weather and car-cried out numerous hazardous mis-sions, contributing greatly t o the suc-cess of our forces in this area.* Comdr. Thomas B. Fitzpatrick, uSN,Flemington, N. J.: As commander ofa warsh ip during the seizure of Attu,he displayed expert seamanship andmarked efficiency under most hazard-ous conditions. He was responsible forthe excellent training of all depa rt-

ments, officer personnel and landingcraft crews, and contributed greatly tothe success of the operations.

*Comdr. Peter H. Horn, USN, Phila-delphia: Commanding a destroyer in anight attack against a Japanese sub-marine in the Aleutians area, he madean immediate and accurate estim ate ofthe situation despite poor visibility andsank the hostile vessel.

*Comdr. Ira E. McMillian, USN,Honey Grove, Tex.: As gunnery offi-cer of a joint Army-Navy staff duringthe planning phrases of the Attu andKiska operations, and later with thecommander of the assaul t forces, he

formulated a bombardment plan withutmost skill and efficiency and was re-sponsible for t he success of t his phaseof the operations.

* Comdr. William C. Specht, USN,

Yuma, A r k : By keen initiative, un-tiring effort and outstanding skill, hewas largely instrumental in establish-ing the Torpedo Boat Training Centerat Melville, R. I. In addition, he waspersonally responsible for many valu-able improvements in torpedo boat de-

Omcia1 U. s. Navy photograph

RECEIVES NAVY CROSS: Rear A&miral J . F . Shafroth, USN, deputycommander of the South Pacific Force

(lef t) , congratulates C a p . Thomas J .Ryan, Jr., USN, after presenting tohim the Navy Cross. In the secondbattle of Kula Gul f, C a p a h Ryan’sdestroyer squadron contrihted mate-rially to the destruction of four andpossibly six enemy vessels.

OfflcialU. S. Navy photograph

ADMIRAL HALSEY RECElVES ANOTHER GOLD STAR: For his “brilliantlyplanned offensive” which drove the ]a@ from the South Pacific Area, AdmiralWilCiam F . Halsey, Jr., U S N , received a Gold Star in Lieu of a second Distin-guished Service Medal recentl-y at a ceremony in the ofice o f Secretary o f theNavy Knox. He i s shown at the left o f Secretary Knox, with Admiral Ernest J .

King, USN, Commander-itdhief of the U. . Fleet and Chief of Naval Oper-ations

sign as well as for adoption of new personnel, including personnel invalu-torpedo launching gear. able to the Allied cause. His sub also*Comdr. Samuel M. Tucker, USN, sank a loaded enemy freighter andJackson, Miss.: As communications damaged another ship.officer of a joint ArmY-NaV staff dur - * Lieut. John R. Cain, USNR, Quincy,ing the Planning phases of the Mass.: AS commanding officer of aand Kiska campaigns, and lat er with patrol c ra ft during the invasion ofthe commander of the assault force. he Italy, he maneuvered his ship throughformulated a communications plan unswept enemy mine fields and shell-with utmost skill and was responsible ing fro m shore batte ries without dam-for its successful functioning. age or casualties among his crew.*Comdr. Quentell Violett, USNR, New Later he exhibited gre at skill in eva-York. N. Y.: As officer-in-charee of sive tact ics, enabling his ship to fulfillt h e Naval Petroleum Unit during theoccupation of Sicily, he organized andset up petroIeum installations andlater rehabilitated captured facilitieswith a minimum loss of time.

*Lt . Comdr. Ward Cheney, USNR,

New York, N. Y.: Voluntaril,y makingtrips into the forward territory andexhibiting brilliant leadership, he gave

its mission.* Lieut. William D. Steel, US M,

Hempstead, N. Y.: Although underheavy gunfire and determined enemyaerial assault during the amphibiousinvasion of Italy , he brought his sixwaves of landing craf t, with personnel--,-Inn-dnrnont safelv ashore in the r e-

outstanding service t o the Commander,South Pacific Force from September1942 through September 1943. Heeffectively covered widespread opera-tions against the enemy during histour of duty in the area.*Lt . Comdr. William P. Mack, USN,San Francisco, Calif.: As aide andflag lieutenant to the commander o f ’the assault force during seizure andoccupation of Att u and Kiska i n Mayand August 1943, he formulated thevisual section of the communicationsfor these attacks and was responsiblefor the fine handling of many ships byvisual signals.

*L t. Comdr. Norvell C. Ward, USN,Indian Head, Md.: Dur ing his fifthwar patrol in enemy waters, hebrought his submarine close inshorethrough poorly charted waters to thereef-encircled coast of an enemy-held ’island and rescued a large number of



Five District Commandants Awarded Legion of Merit

Admiral Van Hookdmiral Allen Admiral Downes Admiral Holmes Admiral Kauffman

Commandants of f ive naval districts have been awarded theLegion of Merit for outstanding service and leadership duringthe pas t two years, when U-boats were being driven fro m ourcoastal waters and naval activities were being expanded. Theyare Rear Admiral William H . Allen, USN, commandant of

the Sixth Naval District and Commander, Eastern SeaFrontier; Rear Admiral John Downes, USN, ( Re t) , formercommandant o f the Ninth Naval District and commandant of

the Great Lakes Naval Training Station; Rear Admiral RaGston S. Holmes, USN, commandant of the Eleventh NavalDistrict and Commander, Western Sea Frontier; Rear AdmiralJames L.. Kauffman, USN, commandant of the Seventh NavalDistrict and Commander, Gulf Sea Frontier; Rear AdmiralCliffordE . Van H o o k , USN, commandant of the FifteemthNaval District and Commander, Panama Sea Frontier.

OtRcial U. S. Navy photographs

markable time of 36 hours with theminimum of casualties.*Donald E. True, SM3c, USNR,Henryville, Ind.: When his land ingboat struck concealed rocks d u m g theamphibious assault on Sicily in July,1943,he promptly flashed a danger sig-nal t o craft immediately behind, en-abling them to steer clear of the un-derw ater hazard. His decisive actionhelped save personnel and equipmentfrom the disastrous consequences metby his own boat.

*Comdr. Wreford C. Chapple, USN,Billings, Mont. : With conspicuous gal-lantry while commanding officer of asubmarine on patrol in Japanese-con-trolled wate rs, he succeeded in sinkingan important amount of hostile ship-

*L t. Comdr. Car ter L. Bennett, USN,Nashville, Tenn. : Skillfully maneuver-ing his submarine into striking posirtion. h,a A-m+-----J ---

* Comdr. Royce L. Gross, USN, Ar-lington, Va.: Operating his submarinein heavily patrolled enemy waters, hedirected the performance and torpedofire of his ship with such ability tha tthe submarine sank five hostile ships,including a destroyer.

*Comdr. John S. McCain Jr., USN,Washington, D. C.: He sank a largeamount of Japanese shipping, includ-ing a destroyer, by maneuvering hissubmarine into striking position andattacking with outstanding couragewhile on patrol in Japanese-controlledwaters.

*Comdr. George E. Peckham, USN,Cresco, Iowa: As opera tions officer ofa destroyer squadron during a pro-longed engagement against numeri-cally superior Japanese forces, he ren-dered invaluable services by evaluatingthe tactical situation and accuratelytrans mitt ing the orders of his squad-ron commander despite persistent andeffective enemy gunfire.

*Comdr. William S. Post Jr., USN,Rock Hill, S. C.: He directed the op-erati ons an d torpedo fire of his sub-marine, while on war patrol in enemywaters, with such outstanding skillthat an important amount of enemyshipping, including a large transport,was sunk and still more was damaged.

*Comdr. William B. Sieglaff, USN,

Albert Lea, Minn.: By his courage,skill and tenacious fighting spirit, hedestroyed a n impo rtan t amount of hos-tile shipping while commanding officerof a submarine on patrol in Japanese-controlled waters.

*Comdr. George H. Wales, USN,Washington, D. C.: He directed th eperformance and torpedo fire of hi ssubmarine with tactical skill and ini-tiative, thereby sinking numeroushostile ships, including a destroyer.

*Lt. Comdr. Carlton R. Adams, USN,Wilmington, N. C.: Commanding adestroyer returning in convoy fromFinschafen 22 September 1943, he wasattacked by 10 enemy torpedo planes.He immediately brought his ship intoaction, successfully repelled the enemy,and br ough t his ship and convoy safelythrough the attack with only minormachine-gun damage.

*Lt. Comdr. Eri c L. Bar r, Jr., USN,

New London, Conn.: By cool and effi-

cient direction of t he activit ies of hi sofficers and men during three vital an dhighly successful war patrols in enemywaters, he contributed to the sinkingor da maging of numerous hostile ves-sels.* t. Comdr. Frank L. Barrows, USN,Washington, D. C.: Dur ing eight pa-trols in dangerous enemy waters, asexecutive officer of a submarine, heperformed his duties with skill and ini-tiative thereby contributing to thesuccess of numerous vital missions.*L t. Comdr. Richard B. Lynch, USN,Citronelle, Ala.: Duri ng five wa r pa-trols in enemy-controlled waters, he

performed essential duties with expertskill. On one occasion he fu rt he r dis-tinguished himself by taking commandof a rescue expedition which success-fully brought refugees back t o his sub-marme.

Lt. Comdr. George A. O’Connell Jr.,USN, Fort McClellan, Ala.: As mainbattery control officer of a cruiser inaction against numerically superiorJapanese forces, he selected his targetsskillfully and inflicted severe damage

Offlcial U. S. Navy photograph

OPERATIONS OFFICER CITED: A&miral William F . Halsey, Jr., USN,presents the Legion of Merit to Capt.

, Harry R. Thurber, VSN, for his out-

standing service as operatioms oficeron the staf f of Commander, SouthPacific Force. Cap. Thurber‘s thor-ough organization, brilliant planningand skillful correlation of units in thearea contributed immeasurably to thesuccess of our forces.



Offlcial U. S. Navy photograph

LOGISTICS DIRECT0 R HONORED:Rear Admiral Oscar C . Badger, U S N ,bas been awarded the Legion of Meritfor his seruices 11s .Assistant Chief ofNaval operations fo c Logistics Plansand director of $be Logistics PlanJDiuision from December, 1942, toJa~uary, 944. He exercised brilliantorganizing and planning skill and out-standing executive ab&& in connec-tion with the logistic support of ournaval effortin all theaters o f war.

~~

on the enemy. He also furnished in-valuable suggestions and informationfor the control of his own ship against

hostile units.j r Lieut. Frank W. Ayers, U S m , Spo-kane, Wash.: As torpedo officer in adestroyer during an engagementagain st numerically superior Jap aneseforces, he drove through enemy gun-fire for 10,000 yards and launched allhis torpedoes, securing a probable hiton an enemy destroyer.*Lieut. William B. Hosey, USN,Laurel, Mass.: As damage controlofficer of a warship in action againstJapanese forces, he applied his tech-nical skill so effectively that he wasgrea tly responsible for savin g his shipfrom serious damage during a pro-

longed engagement with numericallystronger forces.* Lieut. Danforth Hiintington, US^,

Watertown, N. Y. : As gun ner y officerof a destroyer in action against theJapanese, he skillfully directed the fireof his ship with such persistent anddetermined effect, despite heavy enemyopposition, that he contributed mate-ria lly to the success of his ship's op-eration.* Lieut. Robert J. Matusek, Jr., USNR,

Bellaire, Ohio: As tu rret officer dur-ing vital operations against a numer-ically superior Japanese force, hefought his gun mount with such su-perior skill tha t his crew went t hrough

a prolonged engagement without asingle incident of personal error onthe part of his gun crew.* Lieut. William I(. Rummel, USNR,

Wilmette, Ill.: As Navy beachmasterduring the assault on Attu Island, heefficiently directed unloading of men

and supplies despite heavy enemyshelling. His skillful leadership con-tributed greatly to the success of th eoperation under extremely unfavorableconditiocs.

*Lt. (jg ) Vicent R. Dahlen, uSN,Everett, Wash.: In charge of the aft erengine room of h is ship in an engage-ment against numerically superiorJapanese forces, he performed his es-sential duties with outstanding skill.His sound judgment and couragegreatly assisted in averting serious

damage to his ship when the lossof control would have imperiled all,hands.* Lt. (j g) J ames T. Mew, USN, Ta-coma, Wash.: As officer-in-charge o fthe after repair party during a fierceengagement against numerically su-perior Japanese forces, he directed hismen in making repairs expeditiouslyand judiciously. He was responsiblein a large measure for maintaininghis ship's efficient fight ing condition.

*Lt. (jg). James M. Tidball, USNR,Indianapolis, Ind. : As commandingofficer of an LCI du rin g the assau lton Lae, he maneuvered his ship to the

beach and disembarked troops al-though the ship was severly damaged.He demonstrated exceptional skillwhile under heavy machine-gun andmortar fire from the beach.

*Ens. Ivan T. Rich, USN, Honolulu,T. H.: In charge of the fuel oil han-dling in his vessel, he performed es-sential duties with great skill duringa long engagement against numeri-cally superior Japanese forces. Hegreatly contributed to main taining hisship's offensive power during a periodwhen an y loss of control would haveimperiled all hands.*Leonard B. Markeson, CQM,USN,

White Bear Lake, Minn.: As quarter-master and helmsman aboard a sub-marine during three war patrols inenemy waters, h e carried out hi s dutieswith outstanding skill and assisted hiscommanding officer in sinking 21,965tons of hostile shipping.*Francis G. Peters, PhMlc, USN,Elizabethtown, Tenn. : Despite almostimpenetrable undergrowth, Peters vol-unteered to accompany a patrol on ahazardous assignment to clean outJapanese -who were endangering per-

I

I

I


HELPED TAK E ATTU: Ca p. Austin K.Doyle, USN, is shown after receiuing

the Legion of M er i t f or his service ascommanding oficer of an escort car-rier during the reoccupation o f At tuIsland, in the Aleutians, in May, 943.

age while under repe ated enemy atta ckcontributed to the effective defense ofhis ship.

*Jam es A. Stalp, Slc , USN, Nashville,Tenn.: Pointer of a 20-mm. gunaboard a landing craf t during an en-emy air attack near Guadalcanal 16June 1943, he was instrumental in thedestruction of one enemy plane. Cour-ageously disregard ing withering blastsof fire, he administered first aid to com-

rades and assisted a wounded officeracross a blazing deck to safety. Ob-serving eight gasoline drums in thepat h of the sp read ing fire, he quicklyjettisoned the 50-gallon containers.

*Eugene A. Pineault, S ~ C , SNR,Somersworth, N. H.: When severe lywounded in the leg and thrown to the

I deck of the uss Sentinel during theassault on Sicily, he continued to servea three-inch gun. Although seriously

, i n need of medical attehtion, hecrawled forward to the ladder leadingto the main deck and continued t o pass~mmnn i t inn



* Cari L. Winget, sic, USNR, Faim-dale, Calif.: Wounded by a strafing at-tack during the Battle of the CoralSea, 8 May 1942, he refused t o leavehis battle station and remained at hisgun with utter disregard for his o w nsafety. He contributed t o the destruc-tion of four Japanese planes duringthe attack on his ship.

* Lt. Comdr. Richard D. Stephenson,USN, Stockbridge, Mass. (posthu-mously): Knowing that enemy air-craf t of superior speed and armamentwere in the vicinity, he piloted hisscouting plane from the uss Philadel-phia seven miles inland during the in-vasion of Sicily on 10 Ju ly 1943 t o spotlong-range naval gunfire. Until hisplane was shot down he courageouslyassisted in ca rry ing out the missionassigned to him.

*Lie ut. Lewis D. Crockett, uSNR,

Nashville, Tenn.: During a coordi-nated attack on an enemy submarinein the Caribbean, he launched a demo-lition bombing attack with his planeand temporarily silenced the sub’sguns . When an enemy bullet explodedin the starboard wing and fired thefuel line, he courageously continuedaction and later directed the attacksof other planes and repeatedly usedhis own plane to divert fire from as-sis tin g planes. (INFORMATIONULLE-TIN, Jan. 1944, “A Nazi U-Boat FightsBack.”)* Lieut. Anthony Matuski, usm, Se-tauket, N. Y. (missing in action) :

During a coordinated attack on an en-emy submarine in the Caribbean, hebravely flew into intense and continu-ous fire to drop depth charges, dam-aging the sub on his first run so thatshe was unable to submerge. With hisplan e- damaged and ablaze a fte r thesecond run, he succeeded in getting amessage through to his base before hisplane crashed. (INFORMATIONULLE-TIN, Jan. 1944, “A Nazi U-Boat Fights

~

Back.”)

*Lieut. George J. Pinto Jr., USNR,

Salisbury, Md. : Participating in num-erous spotting ,. nd reconnaissance. .m,s‘2,nn- -- -

days later fie scored a direct hit on aseaplane tender. He executed combatmissions in the area from 1 Februarythrough 25 July 1943.

*Lt. (jg ) Thomas J. Aylward, USNR,

Highland Park , Ill.: As co-pilot of apatrol plane during an engagementwith an enemy submarine in the At-lantic, he aided in pressing home anaggressive attack on the submarineeven though he was painfully woundedin the head and leg by a direct hit,yhich also shattered the plane’s star-ooard engine. He late r aided in effect-ing a perfectly water landing.

*Lt. (jg ) Gerald F. Boyle, USNR, St.Louis, Mo.: During a Japanese dive-bombing raid on Rendova Island, hedestroyed a bomber at close rang e and,discovering a Zero pursuing one of hiscomrades, blasted i t out of the sky.As he pulled out of his engagement, hediscovered another threatening Zeroand destroyed it with a full deflectionshot. From 21 Jun e t o 17 July 1943he participated in 22 combat missions.* Lt. (j g) Carro ll R. Campbell, USN,

Lo s Angeles, Calif.: After leading agroup of torpedo planes against anenemy corvette in Kahili harbor area,he spotted a hostile supply vessel and,turning back alone despite threat ofenemy plane assault, delivered a mast-head-level attack which completely des-troyed the loaded craf t. From 26April to 17 July 1943, he took pa rt innumerous missions and completedthree extremely hazardous operations.

*Lt. (jg ) John E. Dryden Jr., USNRKansas City, Mo.: As commander of aPBY, he took full advantage of cloudcover and brought the plane down in aquick attack on an enemy submarinesighted on the surface. Sweeping lowto discharge depth bombs and rak e thedeck, he got the big plane safely out

of range before a tremendous explo-sion lifted the submarine completelyout of w ater , broke it amidships andcompletely destroyed it.* Lt. (jg) Theodore M. Holmes, US-,Omak, Wash.: Durin g a coordinatedattack on an enemy submarine in theCaribbean, he pressed home a strafingrun and three determined depthcharge attacks in close proximity tothe vessel and contributed materiallyto its ultimate destruction and captur e

of the crew. (INFORMATIONULLETIN,Jan. 1944, “A Nazi U-Boat FightsBack.”)* Lt. (jg) Malcolm J. Miller, USNR,Denver, Colo.: Under particularly ad-verse weather conditions in the Solo-mon Islands area on 20 July 1943, hemade a successful masthead - levelbombing attack on an enemy destroyerwhich caused the ship to explode andsink almost immediately. He also mademany attacks on shore installationsand shipping in the area.

*Lt. (jg ) Martin J. Stack,uSNR,

Se-attle, Wash. : Executing many damag-ing missions, he flew the illuminatingplane during a night attack on Kahiliharbor with such skill that a follow-ing plane was able t o locate, hit anddamage a cargo vessel. On ano the r oc-casion he fought off attacking Zeroswith such skill that his turret gunnerwas enabled t o shoot down one andpossibly another. He served as air liai-son officer during hazardous missionsfro m 26 April through 17 Ju ly 1943.* Lt. (jg) William R. Weiss, USNR,

Gainesville, T e x . (posthumously) :Participat ing in 10 missions from Hen-derson Field, Guadalcanal, he contrib-

uted to the damage of enemy fortifica-tions and th e sinking of a destroyer.In a daylight strike against enemyshipping at Kahili he was attacked bythree fighters, and, although his radio-man was mortally wounded and hisplane riddled, made a safe landing.Lat er he executed three hazardous low-level runs with his plane under con-tinual searchlight illumination.

*Lt. (j g) william H.Winner, USNR,

Topeka, Kan.: Sigh ting an enemycargo vessel in Kahili harbor in th elight of flares dropped by anotherplane, he succeeded in severely damag-ing the craft despite ,severe antiair-

craf t defense. He executed many dan-gerous missions in the Solomons from26 April through 17 Ju ly 1943.

*Sidney William Quick, CAP, USN,

Rhineland, Mo. (posthumously) : Byskillful participation in nine missionsfrom Henderson Field, from 26 Aprilto 5 June 1943, he contributed greatlyto the damaging of Japanese fortifica-tions, the sinking of a n enemy des-troye r and the damaging of anotherdestroyer. In a daylight attack againstenemy shipping he countered an at-tack by several Japanese fighters andenabled his gunner to shoot down oneof them.

*Joseph A. Swan,ACRM, USN, Mari-etta, Ohio; William J. Hoban, Jr.,ARM2c, USN, Pkiladelphia, Pa. ; amesD. Parrent, ARM2c, USN, Bay City,Mich., and John S. Wall, ARM2c, uSN,

Jacksonville, Fla.: While serv ing asgunners aboard a scouting plane at-tached to a warship during the occu-pation of Sicily from 10 Ju ly to 19Ju ly 1943, they participated in manydangerous spotting and reconnaissancemissions which carried them deep intoenemy territory and contributed im-measurably to the success of OU F airoperations.* Edward J. True,ACRM, urn, SouthOzone Park, N. Y.; Robert H. Maplw,ARMlc, USN, Oakiand, Calif.; JosephL. Schradle, ARMlc, USN, Scio, Oreg.,and Ralph J. Smith, ARM2c, USN, Cas-talia, Ohio: As gunners attached to ascouting plane aboard the uss Savan-nah, they participated in numerous



scouting and reconnaissance missionsdur ing the invasion of Sicily 10-19Ju ly 1943. These missions carrie dthem deep into hostile enemy territoryand despite heavy antiaircraft and airopposition they contributed immeasur-ably to the success of our operations.

*Freder ick L. Gibson, ARMlc, USN,

Dayton, Ohio; Richard Sha fer, ARMlc,USN, Albany, Oreg.; Claude E. Taver-nier, ARM2c, USN, Whittier, Calif.,and Anthony F. Hogg, ARM3c, USN,Lebanon, 111.: As gunners of a scout-

ing plane aboard the uss Philadelphiaduring the invasion of Sicily 10 Ju lyto 19 July 1943, they made numerousreconnaisance missions deep into hos-tile enemy terr itory. Their courageousand efficient devotion to duty contrib-uted greatly to our air successes inthis operation.

*Douglas W. Pierson, ARM2c, USN,

Glen Ridge, N. J. (posthumously) :On10 July 1943 he accompanSzd his pilotfrom the uss Philadelphia on an ex-tremely hazardous flight seven milesinto Sicily t o spot and report long-range gunfire although he was fullyawa re of the presence in the vicinityof enemy ai rc ra ft of superior speedand armament.*Mackey M. Pruti lpac, AOMZc, USN,

Star City, W. Va. (posthumously) :Although seriously wounded whilecarrying out a vital spotting missionover enemy territory during the as-sault on Sicily, he assisted his pilot inavoiding danger by accurately and effi-ciently indicating the soiirces of anti -aircraft fire, thus contributing t o thesaf e re tu rn of th e plane.* Shirley .Ramsey, ARM3c, USN, Oak-land, Md., and William Henry Ryan,ARM2c, USN, Glenolden, Pa.: Partic i-pating in numerous spotting and re-connaissance missions in a scout plane

attached t o the uss Philadelphia dur-ing the invasion of Sicily 10 July to19 July 1943. they flew deep into en-emy territory and contributed immeas-urab ly to the success of our air opera-tions.

*Leonard D. Frazier, QM2c, USN,

Nashville, Tenn.: Serving in a sub-marine in-Japanese infested waters, he-- ’ ---4---nA tn h d n man a rubher h n d

Otficial U. S. Navy photograph

MEDAL FOR KULA GULP HERO:Comdr. Benjamin Katz, USN, con+manding officer of a warship whichtook a prominent part in the Battle ofKula Gul f, receives the Siluer StarMedal from Cap. Francis X . Mcln-erney, U S N , who was commodore ofthe destroyer squadron engaged im thebattle.

tant approach officer of a submarine,he conducted a skillful att ack on an es-corted enemy freighter, probably des-troy ing it. His leadershin and skillcontributed to his vessel’s successagainst hostile shipping.* Lieut. Franklin V. Bernhard, USNR,Shelton, Neb. : Despite explosions, oilfires and falling debris, he operateda motor whaleboat during rescue workalongside the uss W a s p and assistedin c u ~ i n goose and saving men en-tangled in the lines while abandoningship.

*Lieut. Philip F. Eckert, USN, Min-neapolis, Minn.: On three war patrols

in enemy waters a s first lieutenant andgunnery officer of a submarine, he per-formed essential duties with outstand-ing professional skill despite the manyhazards involved.

*Lieut. Donald R. Midgley, USN,

Hopedale, Mass.: As assistant engi-neering officer in a submarine duringtwo war patrols in enemy waters, heperformed essential duties with greatprofessional skill. On one occasion hesighted a hostile ship and assisted ina successful night surface attack.

*Lieut. Herman E. Miller, USN, Ta-coma, Wash.: As officerof the deck ina submarine, he skillfully directed

night operations in enemy waters ontwo occasions. His expert Faintenayenf &,,,a --L-I ___..? , ..A

* Lt. (jg)CIingmon E. Bowman, urn,San Diego, Calif.: Duri ng thre e w arpatrols in dangerous, enemy-controlledwaters, he assisted materially in main-taining his submarine’s flghting condi-tion and contributed greatly to thesink ing and damaging of numeroushostile ships.

*Lt. (jg ) William T. Gray, USCG:Observing men helpless in the turbu-lent seas near a wrecked Coast Guardcutter, he received permission to as-semble a volunteer crew, launched asmall pulling boat from the deck of hisrescue ship and picked up many sur-vivors f rom t he shark-infested waters.Although the boat nearly flooded, hisdetermination saved many men whomight otherwise have perished.

*Lt. (jg ) James D. Schnepp, USN,

Bloomington, Ill.: On the night of 28Julv 1943 while serving in a subma-rin; in enemy wate rs, he volunteeredto take a rubber boat and make a re-connaissance of the hostile shoreline.The operation permitted the evacua-tion of a la rge number of personnelfrom the beach.* Ens. Kenneth G. Curtis, USN, Lynn,Mass.: Serving in a submarine in en-emy waters, he volunteered to take arubber boat and make a reconnais-sance of the enemy-held coast. Underhis direction a large party of men wassafely evacuated from the beach.When t he rubber boat capsized, (,hiscoolness and seamanship were respon-sible for its righting and contributedto the success of his ship’s mission.* Alfonso Carroezo, Aviation Cadet,USNR, Bronx, N. Y.: During the res-cue of survivors in a lifeboat of awrecked merchantman near Greenland21 March 1943, he effected a perilousdescent on the cargo net to theswamped cr af t which pitched dange r-

ously near the rescuing cutter. Al-though the men were weak and numbfrom long exposure, he courageouslyboarded the boat, cleared a fouled lineand tied another t o one of the oceu-pan ts who was then pulled to t he ves-sel’s deck.* Warr en Bannett, CMM, USCG, Hills-boro Ligh t Station, Fla.: He plungedinto the heavy surf t o rescue an Armyofficer and assist in the rescue of sevenpersons clinging to a swamped dinghy.Despite dangerous undertow, he1 reached safety with the injured officer

than J i - - + d the rescueof the



t . ..


H E R O OF CORREGIDOR: Rear Ad-mrral C. A. Lockwood, USN, com-mander of Submarines Pacific, pinsthe Si l v e r Star Medal on William C .Boston, TM1 , hz s ceremony at PeadHarbor. During the prolonged siegeof Cowegidor, Bostoa risked his lifeon numerous occasions to ca r r y out&tal missions.

*Richard D. Endean, CSK, uSN, Chi-cago, Ill.: When a pilot attempted aforced landing 8 July 1943 and hisplane crashed and burst into flame,Endean extricated the injured andhelpless flyer jus t before the plane wasconsumed by fire.*John Z. Espe, ACOM, USN, Mar-shalltown, Iowa : While unloadingbombs from an airplane 1 July 1943,his boat was set afire by an incendiarybomb dropped fro m the rack. Herisked the danger of f ur th er fires andexplosions to throw the remainingbombs overboard and dispose of deton-ato rs already dangerously hot. Hisprompt and brave action prevented

probable injury to personnel.*Herman J. Fredette, CEM, uSN,

New London, Conn.: His coolness andunfailing good humor were great as-sets t o morale of a submar ine crew onpatrol in enemy-controlled waters dur-ing which many enemy ships weresunk or damaged by the ship in whichhe served.

*Vernon A. Rhodes, CY, urn, Salem,Oreg.: Dur ing seven strenuous warpatrols in dangerous enemy waters, heperformed his duties as chief yeomanand recorder of a fire control partywith injtiativp nnrl n_..-m.-- -1 -1-1

-- -

paredness. On one occasion, durin g anight surface engagement with a n en-emy subchaser, he directed operationsof the pl ant with such expe rt technicalskill that his ship was able to escape.*John D. Wither, CMM, uSNR,

Par ma , Ohio: When an oil fire brokeout in his ship, he entered the blazingcompartment several times to secureboilers and machinery and to makesure all personnel had been evacuated.He remained fighting the fire untilrendered unconscious by the fumes.

*Ja mes C. Chain, SMlc, USNR, Salem,Ohio: He struggled through the icywaters of Kuluk Bay, Adak, Alaska,26 August 1943, t o effect the rescue ofa shipmate who, unable to swim, wasrapidly being carried toward the opensea. He supported the helpless manuntil a launch arrived and picked them

UP.*Logan J. Drury, MMlc, USN, Ot-tawa, Ill. (posthumously) : Serving onthe uss Vincennes off Savo Island 8-9August 1942, he courageously made hisway to a fire hose, although sufferingacutely from a broken ankle, and vali-antly fought to control the spreadingflames until all hope of saving the

stricken vessel was gone.

* Arsenio R. Del Fatt ore, RMlc, USNR,Newark, N. J . : When his patrol craftgrounded off Australia 22 June 1943,he accompanied an officer and twoother men in launching the wherryand setting out for the mainland in asquall. When one man was draggedbeneath the surface by undertow, hehauled him back to the reef and, de-spite severe foot lacerations, returnedhis dazed comrade to the strand ed ship.*P eter Kallas, MoMMlc, USCG, Pea-body, Mass.: Dur ing a rag ing fire atthe Pemberton Supply Pier on 25 July1943, he and two companions braved a

wall of fire t o save a picket boatmoored to the wharf. Standing bywhile his tw o comrades dived over theside and swam toward the blazingboat, he sustained serious burns fromthe terrific heat. Despite his burns hemanaged to take his exhausted com-panions to shore.* Charles F. Poyneer, RMlc, USN: ASsound operator aboard a submarineduri ng fou r successive patrols againsthostile convoys, Poyneer rendered in-valuable assistance to his commandingofficer by accurately analyzing theproximity of vessels and reportingtheir movements.

*Thomas F. McGowan Jr., TMZc,USNR, Los Angeles, Calif., and Joseph

Styer, Jr., GM2c, USN, Wellington,Ohio: During thre e successful wa rpatrols in a submarine, they per-formed their professional duties withoutstanding skill and resourcefulness,and contributed valuable assistance inthe sinking of approximately 30,000tons of enemy shipping.* Robert Jay Montgomery, BM2c,USNR, Westville Grove, N. J.; SamuelM. Phillips, Jr., Cox, USNR, Augusta,Ga.; Gene A. Watkins, Cox, USN, Ma-rietta, Ga.; Howard A. Myers, Slc,USNR,

Waubun, Minn., and Edgar 0.Roberson, Slc, USNR, Valdosta, Ga.:Bringing their own craft safely to thebeach during the assault on Sicily 10Ju ly 1943, the five men observed sev-eral soldiers floundering helplessly inthe water a fter their landing boat hadcapsized. Making repeated trips, theybrought survivors to shore and skill-fully administered artificial< resp ira-tion. Thei r courage undoubtedly helpedsave the lives of many men who mighthave perished.* Mirl J. Farrar Jr., Cox, USCGR, Vir-ginia Beach, Va.: During the rescueof survivors in the North Atlantic, heunhesitatingly went over the side of hi s

cutter and with three comrades suc-ceeded in carrying two exhausted sea-men up a net, despite freezing waterand exceptionally rough seas.*Herman H. Kramm, GM3c, USCGR,Albany, N. Y .: Volunteering t o mana small boat in the rescue of survivorsfrom the uss Plymouth 5 August 1943,Kramm and several comrades went tothe rescue of survivors floating help-lessly downwind in turbulent seas. Heworked tirelessly in helping keep theboat from flooding or being smashedand assisted in picking up several menfrom the shark-infested waters.* LeRoy T. Netterville, ARM3c, US^,

Greenville, S. C. (posthumously):

Thrown clear by the cra sh of his planenear F o r t Lauderdale, Fla., 5 August1943, he risked his life to return to theblazing plane and release the pilot whowas blinded, trapped and with hisclothes aflame. He extinguished theflames, removed the pilot t o a place ofsafet y, built a smudge as protectionagainst mosquitoes and covered 10miles of difficult swampy terrain, in-cluding swimming a canal, in hissearch fo r aid. He succumbed ,8August from injuries and exposure.* Frank L. O’Brien, SF3c, USNR, Suf-folk, Mass., and Jacob M. Krinsky, Slc ,USNR, Brooklyn, N. Y.: While work-

ing with a Seabee detachment, they. .



discovered one of their shipmatescaught in a strong undertow while at-temp ting to swim ashore. They foughtthrough the heavy surf to the manand supported him until he could bereached with a lifeline.*Norman B. Scaffe, EM3c, USN, Bowl-ing Green, Fla.: While attemptin g therescue of a ship mate washed overboard,29 September 1943, he dove into dan-gerous waters and, after swimming100 feet, secured a line around theman. Although the ship was near ly

out of control in the mountainous seasand both men were in dang er of beingstruck, he succeeded in his mission.

*Charles Pfeifle, Fl c, USN, Ashely,N. Dak. (missing in action) : Bring-ing his own raft safely to the beachduring the assault on Sicily, he ob-served several soldiers in the wateraf te r thei r boat had capsized. He un-hesitatingly leaped into the surf to as-sist in thei r rescue. He skillfully ap-plied artificial respiration, enablingthe men to return to their units.* Robert J. Gamble, Slc, uSN, Buffalo,N. Y. (posthumousIy) ;Robert W. Sir-mons, Slc, USN, Tampa, Fla. (posthu-

mously), and Richard M. Smith, Slc,USNR, Greenwood, S. C. (posthu-mously): Dur ing the sinking of theuss Plymouth 5 August 1943, with nothought of their o w n danger, they un-hesitatingly gave their life jackets toshipmates. Entering a compartmentto obtain other jackets for themselves,they were trap ped and lost their lives.

*Bas il D. Izzi, Sl c, USNR, Barre,Mass.: Thrown into the sea when hisship was torpedoed an d exploded2 No-vember 1942, he gal lant ly fought offdelirium and death during a 2,200-mile trip on a raft with two compan-ions. Subsis ting on fish, birds and

rainwater, and tortured repeatedly byvain hopes of rescue, he bravely disre-garded his own plight t o uphold themorale of his companions.

*Jacob Klein Jr., Slc, USCGR, Cleve-land, Ohio: With utter disregard forhis own safety, he swam three-fourthsof a mile offshore into the Gulf ofMexico to reach tw o stunned and ex-hausted men whose life jackets hadbeen fouled following the crash of a nArmy bomber into the sea. He towedboth men to shallow water and safety.* C d v h E. Norris, S I C , uSNR, Syca-more, Ohio: Following the collision ofth e ss Gulf Belle and the ss Gulfland

20 October 1943, as a member of th eArmed Guard crew he jumped over theside with a life jacket. After attain ingthe side of a charred life boat he re-turned through smoke and flames torejoin his commanding officer who wasburn ed and exhausted. He supportedthe officer until both were picked up30 minutes later.

*Lt. (jg) James H. Harms, USNR,Chatham, Ill.: In a period of intenseactivity in the Solomon Islands from21 June to 18 July 1943, he led 33combat missions. Durin g an intercep-tion by a large force of Japaneseplanes he unhesitatingly launched an

immediate and daring attack, despitethe enemy’s numerical superiority, andsent one plane crashing in flames.

*Lt . Comdr. George R. Henry, USN,

Sonnette, Mont. (missing in action) :Fearless and daringly aggressive incarrying the fight to the enemy in the

Official U.S.Navy photograph

HELPED PROTECT CONVOY: TheNavy and Marine Corps Medal i spinned on Ralph M. Miller, EM2c, ofAm ri ll o, Tex., by Rear Admiral FelixX . Gygax, U S N , commandant of theNorfol k Navy Yard. Miller earnedthe awavd by his heroism when hisdestroyer, escorting a convoy, repelledan air attack.

face of continuous enemy odds, he in-doctrinated his entire squadron withhis own intrepid spir it and was largelyresponsible for the outstanding recordof combat achievement by Fight ingSquadron 21.* Lt. Comdr. Raymond W. Vogel, uSN,Coronado, Calif.: On 7 June 1943,when his four-plane division was at-tacked by several Zeros after a strike

at New Georgia Island, he destroyedone Zero and materially aided in thedestruction o f 10 planes accounted forby his division. He also led his divi-sion on many other combat missions.JrLieut. Howard U. Bush, USN, Coro-nado, Calif.: In addition t o numerouscombat missions, he led his torpedo

squadron on three night operations inthe Kahili-Shortland area 26 April t o17 July 1943 and, although subjectedto intense antiaircraft defense, dam-aged a t least two hostile vessels. Healso contributed materially to the sink-ing of four enemy destroyers and th reecargo vessels and to the damaging ofone light cruiser and three destroyers.*Lieut George H. Gay Jr. , USNR,Houston, Tex.: In addition to execut-ing numerous combat missions againstheavily fortified enemy positions, heparticipated in two night operations inKahili harbor during the period 26April to 17 July 1943 and successfullydamaged at least two hostile vessels.

He contributed materially to the sink-in g of five destroyers and thr ee cargovessels and to the damaging of onelight cruiser and three destroyers.*Lieut. Walter J. Hiebert, usm,Bingham Lake, Minn. (posthumously) :Leading a division of four fighters in

-zi 14-plane flight to . intercept a Jap-anese attack on our shipping at Gua-dalcanal 16 Junedive bomber. Henumerous patrols, task-force covers,escort missions and fighter sweeps de-spite intense concentrations of antiair-craft fire.* Lieut. William N. Leonard, USN, sPetersburg, Fla. : Sighting approxi-mately 35 Zeros during one intercep-tion assignment over the Russell Is-lands, he led his outnumbered 1 6 fight-

ers into combat although they hadbeen in the ai r over three hours. Inthe ensuing action, he accounted fortw o of the 14 Zeros destroyed by hisflight without t he loss of a singlepilot. He completed numerousmissions from 27 April .ta-111943.* Lieut. John W. Shong, USNR, River-dale, Mich.: In addition to executingmany combat missions against -heavilyfortified enemy positions from 26April to 17 July 1943, he participatedin thr ee night operations in Kahili andKalrili-Shortland ha rbo rs which con-tributed materially to the sinking of

five destroyers and three cargo vesselsand the damaging of one light, cruiserand th ree destroyers.* Lieut. William A. Shryock, USNR, St.Paul , Minn.: As section leader andlater as squadron commander, he ledhis flyers on numerous missions in theSolomon Islands between 8 March and25 April and from 27 Jun e through 25July 1943. He scored many hits onassigned targets and contributedgreatly to successful attacks againstshore installations, air fields and ship-ping.

*Lt. (jg) John P. Ayres Jr., USNR,

New Orleans, La.: In a night flight a t

Kahili harbor, he made his low-levelrun with precision and fortitude eventhough under continual illuminationby enemy searchl ights. Although hisplane was damaged he succeeded inmaking a dead stick landing a t seawithout injury to the plane’s crew.

Lt. (jg) Stetson c. Beal, USNR, Lis-bon Falls , Me.; Lt. ( jg ) Walt er B.Calhoun, USNR, Meridian, Miss., andLt. (jg) John M. Cleary, USN, Buffalo,N. Y . :When an enemy submarine wassighted by their PBY patrol plane,they rendered valuable assistance t othe plane commander in launching aSi .--

. , -



Offic’al U. S. Navy photograph

FRElGHTER CREW AWARDED U N l T CITATION: Stad in g at “parade rest” onthe deck o f the USS Alchiba, crewmen listen to Admiral Willigm F . Halsey, U S N ,commander of the S o d Pacific Force, a~ he preserets to them the Presidential UnitCitation. Hit by three torpedoes, the Alchiba w a et afire and burned for five days,but her crew beached the ship, put out the fires and sailed her back to San Francisco(lnf rmation Bulletin, Sept. 1943).

Lt. (jg) Fr ank H. Bennett, USNR,San Francisco, Calif.: When his flightof three Wildcats was intercepted by15 hostile Japanese bombers in theSolomon Islands 21 July 1943, helaunched a courageous attack. In anaccurately directed deflection bur st heseverely damaged one enemy plane andmaking a daring dive on another, sentit crashing into the sea with a wither-in g blast of fire.* Lt. (jg ) Cyrus G. Cars, USNR, Kel-so, Wash. (missing in action):Against Japanese forces in the Solo-

mon Islands from 27 April to 18 June1942, he engaged in numerous airpatrols, fighter sweevs and strafingraids. On 16 June, while on a missionto intercept an attack on our shipping,he unhesitatingly joined a raging airbattle and sent one Japanese fightercrashing into the sea.

*Lt. (jg ) Raymond B. Cook, USNR,Palmyra, N. Y.: As a torpedo bomberpilot in the Solomon Islands from 26April to 17 July 1943, he damaged atleast two Japanese vessels and con-tributed materially to the sinking offive destrovers and three mrun voQco1S

It

R,inid

13i-Idt-

C-

S-

When his four-plane formation inter-cepted a la rge force of enemy bombers,4 July 1943, he attacked a nd shot downa Japanese bomber intent upon at-tacking our shipping.

*Lt. (jg) Jack C. Hill, USNR, SilverCity, N. Mex.: On 18 July 1943, hetook part in a hazardous daylight raidon hostile ships in strongly defendedKahili harbor. He boldly pressed homehis attack, thereby contributing ma-teri ally to the success of the mission.He also took part in numerous mis-sions against shore installations, air-

fields and shipping despite heavy op-position.*Lt. (jg ) Edwin E. Hughes, uSNR,

New Smyrna Beach, Fla.: In a nightflight in Fa isi harb or, he completed hisrun despite continual illumination byenemy searchlights . He also executedextremely hazardous missions againststrongly fortified installations.

*Lt. (j g) Charles Jackson, USNR,Cleveland, Ohio (poerthumously): In aperiod of intense activity from 21 Juneto 18 July 1943 in the Solomon Islands,he engaged in 26 actions, including theinitial att emp t of Wildcat fighters toserve as escorts to Bougainville. On 18

July he destroyed one Zero in a bril-liant attack against enemy planes.* Lt. (jg) Thomas C. Johnson, US^,Durham, N. C. (missing in action):He led his flight on 30 combat missionsfo r a total of 188 flyins hours between21 June and 17 July 1943 in the Solo-mon Islands. On 30 July he launchedan attack against a large formation ofZeros and destroyed one. Lat er thesame day his flight intercepted a forceof enemy bombers and, together withhis wingman, he sent one crashing in-to the sea.

*Lt. (jg) Tom W. Lindsey, US^,Willacoochee, Ga. : In an operation

over Rendova Island, 30 June 1943, hedived to attack a formation of enemytwin-engined bombers with his four-plane flight, effectively caught one ofthe bombers on his first pass and sentit crashing in flames. He also engagedin 27 other combat assignments.

* Lt. (jg) John W. Ramsey, ~ J S N ~ ,

Gridley, Calif.: On 16 June 1943 hisfour-plane division of fighters inter-cepted two large flights of Zeros cov-ering dive bombers. In the ensuing ac-tion, he accounted for tw o of sevenZeros destroyed by his flight. He di-rected hi s division in numerous patrols,task-force covers, sweeps and strafingraids from 28 April to 8 July 1943.* Lt. (j g) Charles H. Schild, USNR,

Monroeville, Ohio.: When his four-plane division intercepted a formation

of 20 enemy dive bombers and 30Zeros, 16 June 1943, he sent two ofthem crashin g in flames. On 2 1 Jude1943, near Savo Island, he destroyed aJapanese twin-engine bomber in a dar-ing run. On many other occasions heaccomplished difficult missions.* Lt. (jg) George H. Smith, USNR,

Elmhurst, Ill.: When his division offighters intercepted a large force ofJapanese bombers and Zeros west ofRendova Island, he pursued a bomberuntil he brought it down despite over-whelming odds. Again , on 4 July 1943,his four-plane division attacked alarger Japa nese force and he sent an-

other Japanese bomber crashing inflames.

*Lt. (j g) Robert J. Snell, USNR, Bo-nita, Miss. (mis sing in acti on) : TTn-deterred by severe enemy opposition,he took part in six bombing missionsagainst Japanese positions from 26April to 5 June 1943. On June 5 hecontributed materially to the sinkiqg:of one Japanese destroyer and thedamaging of another before being shotdown.

*Lt. (jg) ames L. Sweetser, USNB,Portland, Me. (missing in action) :Taking part in a night flight on 19May 1943 he completed a low-level run

despite constant searchlight illumina-tion. In numerous and hazardous op-erations against the Japanese, hecontributed materially in seriouslydamaging enemy shore installations.

*Lt. (jg ) Frederic P. Vanderhoof,USNR, Olympia, Wash.:. When his four -lane division sighted enemy diveB mbers over Rendova Island, he cour-

ageously followed them down. attackedas they skimmed over the water andsent one enemy plane crashing into acove. From 21 June to 17 July 1943he participated in 32 actions againstthe Japanese in the Solomons area .

*Lt. (jg) Charles G. Wall, USNR,

McComb, Miss.: On 30 June 1943, nearRendova Island, his four-plane divisionintercepted a formation of enemybombers covered by Zeros. Surroundedby hostile planes, he fought valiantly,destroying one Zero. He also engagedin 25 oth er combat missions.

* Lt. (jg) Raymond C. Wicklander,USNR, Washburn, N. Dak.: On 18 July1943, operating at maximum range f orh is plane, he participated in a raid onenemy ships in Kahili harbor and con-tributed much to the success of thisdangerous mission. He also took pa rtin numerous raids, str afing attacksand sweeps on enemy shipping.

*Ens. Charles L. Arth ur, U S m , up-land, Calif.: He skillfully shot downone Zero before being forced to makean emergency landing on 21 July 1943when his flight of thre e Wildcats inter -cepted 12 Zeros covering 15 Japanese



dive bombers over Blanche Channel.He also participated in many othercombat missions.

*Ens. George H. Davidson, USNR,Lrrke Como, Fla.: In the Solomon Is-lands from 2 1 June to 18 July 1943,he engaged in 24 combat missions. O n15 Ju ly he and his division of fightersattacked eight enemy bombers pro-tected by 25 Zeros. In effecting a vio-lent right turn to avoid an attackingZero, he observed another Zero swing-ing in to attack. By skillful maneu-

ervi ng he released a burst of t rac erswhich destroyed the fighter.

*Ens. James E. Foy, USNR, Atlanta,Ga.: Over Rendova Island, 1 July1943, he intercepted an intended dive-bombing attack on our installationsand despite determined passes by en-emy fighteh sent one bomber spinninginto the sea. On 18 July, while onescort t o Kahili, his flight engaged aformation of enemy planes and he d e 5troyed a Zero.

*Ens. Herman Lyons, USNR, St. El-mo, Ill.: When his four-plane divisionof f ighters intercepted enemy divebombers over Rendova Island, he de-

stroyed one bomber with an aggressiveattack. Between 21 June and 17 Ju ly1943, he engaged in 33 combat mis-sions, flying a tot al of 108 hours.*Ens. John P. Pierson, USNR, Stam-ford, Conn.: When enemy fighters at-tempted interception of our strikingforce off Kahili 18 July 1943, hepromptly maneuvered for position and,giving his section leader extremelyeffective support, shot down one Zero.* Ens. Jack H. Reddinger, USNR, Jack-son, Mich. (missing in action) : Inter-cepting a large formation of Japanesebombers over Munda, he promptly en-gaged the enemy. With Zeros closingin on all sides, he downed

tw oof them.

He exhibited gallant fighting spiritthrough this and numerous other ac-tions.*Ens. Charles S. Williams, USNR,Auburn, N. Y.: Making a high sideapproach on a Zero covering a dive-bomb raid on Rendova, he destroyedthe enemy plane. He also took pa rt in27 combat missions between 21 Juneand 17 Ju ly 1943 in the Solomons area.* Rue1 W. Davidson, Aviation Cadet,USNR, Birmingham, Ala.: During alow-altitude daylight bombing attackon Japan ese ships in Kiska harbor, andin the face of intense anti aircr aft fireand continuous attack by six Zeros,.he

performed his duties with courage anddetermination, thereby contributing tothe severe d amag ing of two enemy ves-sels and the probable destruction oftwo Zeros (8 August 1942).*J oh n R. Carlin, ACMM, uSN, Spar-

* * ’ ~ Dn-7 P Rradlev.

AOMlc, USN, Alabama City, Ala.; VitoA. Capite, AOMlc, USNR, Worcester,Mass.; Roy M. Fortner, ARMlc, USN,Copperhill, Tenn.; William W. Herlihy,ARMlc, USN, Westboro, Mass.; Ed-ward 0. Jones, ARMlc, USN, Atlanta,Ga.; Pierce J. Lyons, AMMlc, USN,New York, N. Y.; Hans J. Oleson,AMMlc, USNR, Gayville, S. Dak.; Wil-liam A. Perisho, AMMlc, USNR, Zear-ing, Iowa; Leo L. Mahoney, AMM~c,USNR, Aurora, Ill.; Jame s T. Freund ,AMM3c, USN, Penn Run, Pa.; EverettM. Hunt, Slc, USN, Norfolk, Va., and

Walter A. Kmieciak, Slc, USN, Lorain,Ohio: When a n enemy sub was sighted,these crewmen of patrol planes in theSouth Atlantic carried out their d utieswith thoroughness and efficiency. EX-pert marksmanship strafed the U-boat and prevented the enemy crewfrom manning the ir guns, thereby help-in g destroy the craft.

*Wi lliam H. Jackson, ACMM, USN,Endicott, N. Y .; Harry E. Pcrter,AMMlc, USN, Savannah, Ga.; OrvilleP. Walker, AMMlc, USN, Fullerton,Ky.; William F. Land, ARM2c, USNR,Miami, Fla., and John F. Connelly,AMM3c, USN,Woodside, N. Y.: When

a U-boat was sighted on the surfaceabout eight miles away, these crew-men of a PBY patrol plane renderedvaluable assistance to the plane com-mander i n launching a surprise attack.The sub’s deck was raked *th cannonfire and depth charges broke it amid-ships, leaving oil and wreckage scat-tered across the sea.

*Ri cha rd Bass, AMMlc, USN, Stan-tonsburg, N. C.: Manning a gun whenhis patrol plane sighted a U-boat, hestrafed the sub and prevented the en-emy crew from manning their guns,thereby contributing to the eventualdestruction of the ship.

*Martin J. Battuello, AMMlc, USN,Calumet. Mich.: When his Dlane wasattacked’ by six enemy fighters overKiska harbor, he cleverly feigned aninju ry and lured one of the J ap planesinto close range. He then poured astream of lead into the Zero which fellto probable destruction (8 Aug.‘1942).* Anthony W. Brunetti, ARMlc, USN,

Bridgeport, Conn. : As radioman-gun-ne r of a dive bomber in the Solomonsfrom 26 April t o 28 July 1943, he ca r-ried out his duties with extreme skilland courage. On 17 Jul y he took pa rtin a raid on Japanese ships in the wa-ters off Kahili and shot down one Zero,

thereby contributing to the success ofhis squ adron in sinking four destroyersand severely damaging a light cruiser.

*Lyle H. Fast, ARMlc, USN, Mont-rose, Calif.: As radio-gunner of a divebomber in action against Japaneseforces in the Solomons from 28 Sep-tember t o 5 November 1942, he par tic-ipated in numerous missions. On 8October he destroyed an enemy floatplane. Lat er he effectively stra fed hos-tile positions, enabling our groundforces to repulse a threatened attack.

*Chester F. Heilig, PhoMlc, USN,

Minneapolis, Minn. : As photographerin a Ventura bomber in the Aleutians

from 24 June t o 15 August 1943, hetook part in 16 special flights t o ob-ta in low-level photographs of l andi ngbeaches and enemy installations. Al-though his plane was damaged twiceby Ja p gunfire, he persisted in his pho-tographic runs, climaxing six of them

with low-altitude bombing att ack s uponthe positions photographed.*Jam es A. Welch, ARMlc, USNR,Ramhurst, Ga.: As a crew membero f a bomber at-tached t o the At-l a n t i c F l e e t , hesustained painfulshrapnel woundsin the head dur inga n e n g a ge m e n twith a U-boat. Hecontinued to c arr yout his duties in

t h e smoke-filledr a d i o c o m p a r t -m e n t w h i l e h iscr ip pl ed pl an e J.A. Welch,pressed home an ARht lcaggressive attackwith depth charges. By transmittingemergency signals when his plane wasforced t o make a water landing, hecontributed t o the subsequent rescueof the surviving crew members.

*Wi lliam A. Combs, ARM2c, USN,

Belhaven, N. C.: When his torpedobomber was attacked by seven Zerosduring an unescorted flight over Ren-dova on 30 June 1943, he shot down

one with an accurate burst of fire.Later , he probably destroyed a bomberwhich was returning from an attackupon our shipping in Blanche Channel.

*Thomas Panno, ARM2c, UsN, Lin-den, N. J.: During a period of intenseactivity aga inst the Japanese from 28September through 5 November 1942,he rendered invaluable service to hispilot as radio-gunner of 8 dive bomber.During numerous missions he helpedsink several Japanese warships andtranspor ts. On 19 October he aidedmaterially in destroying a hostile float

lane as it attempted to intercept ourEombing attack on Ja p installations.

*Bernard G. Robinson, AMM2c, USN,Redwood, City, Calif. (posthumously) :As turret gunner in a torpedo planeduring a strike against Japanese ship-ping in Kahili harbor, he opened fireon a Zero and destroyed it. When hisplane was subsequently attacked bythree Zeros, he succeeded in scoring adirect hit which sent one into the sea.* Robert R. Seneker, ARM2c, USN,

Los Angeles, Calif.: As radioman-g u n n o r ~n 2. - * *

Lomber from 2 sApril t o 28 Julv1943, he helped in-flict serious dam-

age on Japaneseshore installationsa n d s h i p p i n g .D u r i n g a r a i da g a i n s t e n em yvessels off Kahilion 17 July, he shotd o w n o n e Z e r o ,

R. R.Seneker, thereby contribu t-ing to the successof his squadron in

sinking four destroyers and in severelydamaging a light cruiser.* Anthony Albert, ARM~c, USNR,Gloucester, Mass. :As gunn er of a PBYpatrol plane, he rendered valuable as-

sistance to the pilot in launch ing a sur-prise attack on a submarine. The sub’sdeck was raked with cannon fire, anddepth charges raised it completely outof t he water and broke it amidships.Oil and wreckage proved the U-boathad been destroyed.

ARM2c

Page 57



Letters to the Editor

This is NOTOpersonal copy. This ublication IS distributed on theDISTRIBUTION basis of one copy for each ten okicers and men. DO not retainthis copy for more than thre e days. Within that time pla ce i t in the hands of the personwhose name appears next on this list

(Colttiltued from Page 36)

I

say that is the reason why the badgeresembles the globe-E.W.A.., F l c

0. K . A n y others?-ED.To THE EDITOR:

On page 57 of your January 1944issue, I noted in your “What is Your

(EM).

rally song and has never been officiallyrecognized as other than that.”

I would like to invite your attentionto a let ter fro m the Chief of Nav alPersonnel to the Commandant, FifthNaval District, relative t o the Victoryverse of A n c h d s A we ig h (copy at-ached). While this letter does notofficially designate Anchor’s Awe igh asthe naval song, it is clearly a recogni-tion of Anchor‘s Aweigh and of i ts au-thor, Capt. Alfred H. Miles, USN

(Ret), now on duty as commandingofficer of the section base a t Li ttl eCreek, Va.; and there does not seemto be a ny doubt but t hat usage makesAnchor’s Aweigh the Navy song.

( T h e l e tt e r s a id : “ I t is anticipatedtha t a n account of the circumstancesunder wh ich t he song Anchor’s Aweighwas composed, together with t h e n e wverse for the song, wil l appear in acoming issue of the B ur ea u of N av alPersonnel In format ion Bul le t in . [T hearticle was carried in t he February1943 issue, page 34.1 The comman-dan t is requested to convey to Comdr.A. H. Mi l e s, USN (R e t ) , t he congra tu -lations of the Chief o f Na va l Ptwsonnelon the outstanding success of th esong.”)

This information is given you forthe benefit of the editor of your I. Q.column and was obtained from CaptainMiles. You ar e correct in stating tha tAnchor’s Aweigh was originally writ-ten as a football song but it has out-g r o w n that and now, by universal us-age throughout the world, Anchor‘sA w e i g h is entitled to recognition asth e official Nav y song.-G.L.M., Lieut.,

* > T h e answer s ti l l s t ands , The N av yDepartment has not deszgnated any

song as ofin‘al. T h e BULLETIN, ow -ever , i s p leased if publication in t h eBULLETIN onst i tu tes a high honor.-ED.

Is a man who served four years inthe Army entitled to wear a hashmark on his Navy uniform? I wouldlike to receive this magazine monthly.J . P . , CMlc.

*.As to the hash m a r k f o r A r m y s er-mce, no . Th e INFORMATIONULLETINis published for all hands and youshould seek a copy each mo nth f ro myour i m m e d ia t e co m m an di ng o f i e r o ryour library . I t is not mailed to indi-

viduals. See note on page 71of

th isissue concerning distribution of theBULLETIN.TO THE EDITOR:

In the BULLETIN f J an ua ry 1944,page 56 , it is stated that “Men whoserved for the ‘duration’ in World Wa r

Page 58

USNR.

T O THE EDITOR:

1 5

I are allowed to wear one ‘haL-, mark’fo r thi s period of service, even thoughless than four years.”

The instructor s of the Specialist (S)Shore Patrol Service School are inter-ested in knowing where the authorityfor this statement can be found, asUniform Regulations make up a part

of the curriculum of this school.The authority for wearing a service

stripe upon completion of a full fou ryears of active service is stated plainlyboth in Navy Regulations and UniformRegulations, but we have not been ableto find the authority for the abovesqatement in either.

The question also has arisen as towhether ‘hash marks’ earned while inthe Army may be worn on a Navyuniform.-W.G.B., Y3c.

I n B u r e a u of N a v i ga t io n C i r c u l m

mzssion was granted to discharged

‘dur ation of the war’ m en wh o reen-l isted to we ar a service stripe fw the ir‘DOW’ enl i s tment . As to hash m a r k sf o r Army service , the anawer is no.-E D .

TO THE EDITOR:

The attached drawing is intended asa suggestion [for the top of the backcover] to provide more complete cov-erage of the BULLETIN o all hands.Some individual in each unit could berequired to enter the names on the listand provide for distribution to the firstname on each copy. This individualwould enter his name last, and wheneach copy had been circulated and re-

turned to him. he would reroute it t othe names on lines A, B and C, if any.When returned, the copies would beplaced on file or made accessible to

L e t t w NO.109-19, 4 Aug us t 1919, P ~ T -

16 I I

personnel for further reading.-W.R.J., Nav y Dept.

4

The sugges t i on is appreciated buthas not been fo llowed because BuPersdoes not wish t o unde rtake to tel l localcommand ing o f i e r s how to d i st r ibu t ethe BULLETIN eyond its basic direc-t ive (see page 71) that all hands h avequick and easy access to each issue ofth e BULLETIN.How ever, th e suggestedrouting sl ip is reprin ted h erewi th forsuch u se as may be seen fit by indi-vidual commands.-ED.

I I

TO TH E EDITOR:It has repeatedly come t o my atten-

tion that many officers and men areuninformed as to the naval and mili-tary insignia of our allies. It is sug-gested th at charts illustrating theseinsignia be published in an early is-sue of the INFORMATIONULLETIN.-C.E.F., Jr., Comdr., USN.

An article on this subject , wi th i l lus-t ra t ions in color, will be printed in t h eBULLETINn the near future.-ED.

TO THE EDITOR:

Are applications still being. takenfor admission to the Navy School ofMilitary Government and Administra-tion? If so. what are the require-ments-H.S., Lieut., USNR.

Y e s , t h e N a v y is a s k i n a a d - r e c e i u -ing such applications from o p c e r s inthe service at the present tzme. SeeINFORMATIONULLETIN f o r J a n u a r y ,page 56 , f o r requirements.-ED,

TO THE EDITOR:I would like to know if a regular

Navy man on a six-year enlistment iseligible for a Good Conduct Medal atthe end of three years.-E.N.B., Y ~ c ,USN.

Y es . Y o u m a y w e m a ribbon bar a tthe end o f three years and a pin bar atthe end o f six years . Th i s i s sub j ec tto the usu al regula t ions, tha t you musthave th e recommendation of y our com-manding o f icer , have the requiredma rk s and have no o f lenses chargedagainst ~ou . -ED.To THE EDITOR:

On read ing Alnavs 163 and 164 of 21SeDtember 1943 to 20 October 1943 inthe November issue of the BULLETIN,it Is found that these Alnavs do notcon ta in the information which isbriefed in that issue, page 77, underthe heading Alnavs, regarding infor-

mation on courses in naval construc-tion and enigneering and naval archi-tecture. Where may this informationbe found?-J.E.McB., Lt. (j g) , USNR.

This in format ion appeared in AllShips and S ta t ion Despatches 22224and 282124, of September 1943 (issuedby t he Ch ie f o f Nava l Personnel ). B ycoinczdenee, these despatches werenumbered 168 and 164, and issued att he same t ime a s A lnavs 16 9 and 164,and m i s t a k e n f o r t h e Almvs.-E~.To THE EDITOR:

Was the uss Gwin awarded thePresidential Unit Citation for actionon the night of July 6, 1943?-L.B.C.,CBM, USN.

0 No.-ED.

4

5

6

7

*The person named on this line w i l l retain a fileafter 30 days tor further perusal on request-

7

*The person named on this line w i l l retain a fileafter 30 days tor further perusal on request



To T H E EDITOR:In your December 1943 issue, inside

back cover, you published a n officialMarine Corps photo, giving N a v ycredit. I was of the opinion that Ma-rine Corps credit is given to all photosby Marine photographers. Also, all thepilots in the OS24 formation are Ma-rine pilots stationed at this field andpatrolling the Caribbean waters, who,in my opinion, should receive due creditfor such precision flying.

It made me extremely happy thoughto see that photograph published, as itis my most highly prized shot takento date, and I sincerely thank you.-H.K., MTSgt., USMC, Photographer.0 T h e r e w a s n a indication on the origi-na l pho tograph sen t t o Wash ing tonthat the p ic ture , showing n ine p lanesin close massed format ion , was madeb y a Marine Cwps photographer. Ma-rine Corps credi t a lwa ys is g i ve n w h e nit is known that the photographs ha vebeen made by a M arine COTS photog-rapher . And in this instance espe-c ia l ly: a l l credi t for real bel lhngzngflying and photography.-ED.

TO T H E E D I T O R :Now that the chief steward and

chief cook are no longer allowed towear khaki uniforms, what will be ou runifbrm for summer? Are we allowedto wear slate gra y? Are we allowedto wear the garrison cap?-C.A.D’V.,CSt, USN.

0 T h e uniform for summer , wh i t e .Y o u will not be allowed to wear slateg r a y u n t il it i s authorized fo r all en-l isted men in t he Navy . Garri son cap ,no. T he khalci uniform.was never au-thorized far cooks and stewards.-ED.

TO T H E E D I T O R :I enlisted in the Navy 11 December

1933 and was discharged (E.E.) (C.G.)

15 September 1937. I reenlisted 18September 1939, and my understand-ing was that my previous service wast o be applied on transfer to the FleetNaval Reserve after 20 vears’ service.-C.R.L., SClc, USN, “F.P.O., NewYork. N. Y.

e Y e s , a c c w d in g t o p r e s e n t r u l in g s ,provided you are physically qualafiedf o r d u t y at the end of yo ur twent ie th

of service, broken or otherwise,-ED.

TO T H E EDITOR:In your J an ua ry 1944 issue, page 69,

under “Service Requirements for Lon-gevity Pay,” you sta te that: “For com-

missioned warrant officers, only com-missioned service, active and inactive,applies. However, wa rr an t officerspromoted to commissioned warrant of-ficers may elect to continue t o drawwarrant o f icers’ pay and to recewecomm%sioned w m a n t of icers’ a llow-ances.

-Information is required as to thecorrectness of the above, underlined[prin ted in i ta l ics] .

If correct, does this apply only towarrant officers who are promoted tocommissioned warrant, o r also toCPO’s and PO’s first class who arepromoted to commissioned warrant?

Disbursing officers have ruled thatthey cannot pay the pay of a warrantand the allowances of a chief war ran t.-E. N., Ch.Mach., u sN (Ret ), KansasCity, Mo.

0 T he paragra ph quoted above wascorrect and applied only to warrant

WAVES Newsletter (Washington, D. C.)

“Oh-h! thought it bad somethingto do with water?”

oficer s promoted to commissioned war-rant, not to GPO’s and PO’s first class.-ED.

TO T H E E D I T O R :After going over the article in the

January I N FO RMA T I O N B U L L E T I N ,on“Service Requirements for LongevityPay,” I find that my service does notquite fit in any place. Yet it seems tome it should be worth pay as wellas that listed. It includes NationalGuard, 1923-26 and 1938-1940; Regu-lar Army, federal service, 1926-27;Army Officers Reserve Corps, 1926-1941, and active Naval Reserve, 1941t o date.-P.R.B., AMMlc, USNR.

Y o u r r eg ula r a m y a nd p re se ntnaval semrice both count toward lon-gevi ty pay . Only service in t he ac t iveNat ional Guard ma y be recognized fo rthis purpose. Th e service in t h e A r m y

Officers Reserve Corps cannot becounted, except for periods of active(no t trainin g) duty . Read th e cvrticleover aga in, carefu lly, and t h e U?tSWeTSfo r each of you r previous periods ofservice should be clear. Ser vic e no tcovered in the art icle may be construed

more than one row of three ribbonsis worn there seems to be nothing inthe regulations which clearly stateswhether the order begins at the top orthe bottom of tw o o r more rows, noris it clear whether the order passesfrom left t o right or right to leftacross each bar.-I.W.S., Lieut. (ChC),

1942, Art ic le 15-2, U n i f o r m R e gu la -t ions , was amended to read: “Sub-paragraph (d ) add the fo l lowing sen-t ence : ( d ) t he a rrangemen t o f t he SW-

vice ribbons by seniority (indicated inArt. 15-4 below) shal l be f r o m the topdown and fwom inboard-outbomd pnth e le ft b rea st of th e blouse.”-ED.

TO T H E E D I T O R :

USN.B y BUPWSCirc. LtT 107-@, 29 Ju ly

I would appreciate information withreference t o clothing allowance for achief petty officer recalled to activeduty a day after having been placedon the retired list. I feel I am entitledto the clothing allowance.-W.D.R.,Chief Boatswain, USN.0 W he th er discharged, re leased f ro mact ive du ty , or re t i red , the regula tionsare the same. An enlisted man mustbe ou t of t he semice t h ree m m t h s o r

more before he is enti t led to the cloth-

to it.-ED.

TO THE E D I T O R :

are again to be processed for E-V (S),

For permanen t appo in tmen t of m e nfrom civ i l ian l i fe , no . For t emporarypromot ion of m en in the serv ice , yes .BuPers Circular 152-43 out l ines thepolicy regarding promotions of en-l is ted personnel to te mpo rary ranks.A c o m m n d i n g o f i c er m a y r ec om m e nda petty off icer f irst class or above f o r

warrant or commissioned rank anytime he sees fit. Th i s i nc ludes pe t t yO ~ ~ C ~ T Sirst class, CPO’s, warrantsand commissioned warra nts , who ma ybe recvmmended for rank as h igh aslieutenant (junior grade).-ED.

WO.-A.W., Ens., USMS.

_ _



First Broadcast

Of Actual Attack Against U-BoatListeners tuned in on the Meet

Your Navy program o n 28 Januaryheard a recording, the fimt ever

broadcast, describing an actual at-

tack against a German U-boat.Varying roles were played by an air-craft carrier, escorting destroyersand aircraft. The commentator was

Lieut. Charles E . Dillon, U S N R , ofAlemand~a,Va., on the escort car-rier. Following is a transcript:

DILLON: A moment‘ago her e in th eai r plot of this carrier, which is thenerve center of all radio communica-tion with Avengers and Wildcatlighters in the air, we caught a radio

ltransmission from

another U. S. air-craft carrier inthe same area-

she is very closeto us here-ap-

parently she is mthe m i d d l e ofmaking an attack.,

We’re g o n g to

t r y to keep on her

can pick up some more of her trans-missions.

CARRIER: Keep sharp lookout f o rdebris.

DILLON: That was the carrier-that was the other carrier we’re lis-tening to , telling her destroyers to beon the lookout for de br is -o ne of th epilots apparently attacked a sub-

w

marine which has submerged. A l o trier are gathered around this radioreceiver here listening very intentlyto the other ship-it’s the same kind

of ship-making an attack on sub-marines that this ship also is lookingfor.

DESTROYER: We are heading forspot th at hearse submerged-we ar e

heading for spot that hearse sub-

merged. Let me know when you cansee me- over .

PLANE: This is Brad (Lt. (jg)

Harold G. Bradshaw), I can both see

and hear you-over.D E S T R O Y E R : Does this look about

right-does this look about right-the c o u r s m v e r ?

P L A N E : About five degrees to star-

board, re la t ivmver .DILLON: That was one of the

screening destroyers of the othercarr ier we’re listening to , saying tha t

she was heading for the spot thathearse submerged. Hearse, of course,means submarine. The destroyer was

talking to one of the Avenger bomb-ers in the a ir near her. The Avenger,of course, made the eriginal attack.That destroyer out there workingwith the airplane-you can imaginethe scene, the airplane is circlingaround over the destroyer, the sub-

marine is under the surface-the de-stroyer is listening for it with its

sensitive sound instruments.DESTROYER: We have contact. We

have con tact ; watch us. We have

contact, watch us--over.

PLA N E: Roger from Glenn.C A R R I E R : Drop pattern, drop pat-

tern-answer.

DILLON: The destroyer says h e hasa contac t, to come in-the plane re-plied and the carrier =me in on it.

CARRIER: Are you still on thebeam-over ?

DESTROYER : Affirmative, affirma-tive.

DILLON: The other carrier we’relist ening to called its destroyer out

there over the submarine, asking ifthe destroyer could still hear the sub-

marine. The destroyer said that hecould, that affirmative, affirmative hewas still on the beam, that he couldstill hear the submarine..

DESTROYER: He’s going very slow;

he’s going very slow. Don’t let himget away-over.

DILLON: You heard the destroyersaying he was going very slow, ta rn-ing, “Don’t let him get away.” ~

1 think I’ve got him,I think I’ve got him, watch u w v e r .

I’ve got him, I’ve gathim now-ov er.

got him, he’s got him now.

D E S T R O Y E R :

D E S T R O Y E R :

D I LLO N : The destroyer says he’s

Answers to Quiz QU Page 47

1. Pan ama canal (width), Brooklynbridge (height).

2. (d).3. The Alfred, Colzcmbw, UOrtea; A&ea

Doma and Prouzdence (December 1755).(a) .5. That par t of the hull which is alter-

nately under and out of the water as th e

ship rolls.6. (e).

7. At the magnetic equator, the earth’smagn etism is horizontal only. At all otherplaces it has a vertical component. Be-cause of the absence of vertical magne-tism, induce d vertical effects on compassescan be separated from permanent effectsand adjustm ents can be made which willgreatly assist establishment of permanentcorrectors.

8. On the “w ate r wagon.”9. Captain Hopley Yeaton, 2 1 March.

1791.10. She w as Admiral Dewey‘s flagship at

Manila Bay.11. Green, representing Europe. black

and white representing Germany .’ brownfor Afr ick - red. green and wdite forI tal y; a nd’ red, white and blue fo; th eu. s.

1 2 . Deceased American Navy. MarineCorps and Coast Guard offlcers and en-listed men who have rendered distin-guished service to their country, aboveand beyond the call of dut y; former secre-taries and assistant secretaries of th eNavy: members of Congress who havebeen closely identified with naval a a i r s ;inventors.

13. True.

1 4 . (c).16. A Ja panese ai rcr aft carrier of th e

Akagi class.

16 . (b) .17. (c).18. Active status: (a) full commission

(b) reduced commission, ( c ) illrservice notin commission; inactive sta tus : (a ) com-mission in reserve, (b) com mission in ordi-nary, (c) o u t of commission, not in service

1 9 . A commander-in-chief.

20. A schooner without topsails.

Answers to Problem on Page 59(1) 99 divided by 9 9 plus 9.equals 10 .( 2 ) 33 t imes 3 plus 3/ 3 equals 100.(3) 11rai sed t o th e 1 1th power (1111).



HOW AND WHEN YOU M A Y VOTE (IV)As this article is written the Con-

gress is considering amendments t othe existing servicemen’s voting law(Act 16 September 1942, Public Law712, 77th Congress, otherwise knownas “The Ramsay Act”). Several states,including Maryland and Ohio, areawaiting congressional action t o con-sider the passage of further speciallegislation for servicemen voting. Theinformation below is based on the lawas it existed on 15 February 1944.

The following five points are em-phasized :

1. The commanding officer of eachunit should have available an adequate

’ supply of postcard applications forabsent voters’ ballots. However, repro-duction locally or in letter form is per-missable. A copy of such postcardapplication is printed on next page.

2. The applicant for a pl-imary bal-lot must state his party affiliation or

preference.3. The applicant should print or

type his name and address under hissignature on the application.

4. No commissioned, non-commis-sioned, warrant or petty officer shallsuggest t o any member of the armedforces tha t he shall vote, shall not vote,or that he shall vote or not vote forany candidate.

5 . Any question i s o the eligibilityof a serviceman t o obtain a completestate ballot should be referred to hisSecre tary of Sta te a t once.

There is balloting in 1 5 states prior

to 1 June, namely, a state election inLouisiana and party primaries in the1 4 states as indicated below.

ALABAMAAlabama holds its flrst Democratic pri-

mary on 2 May and its run-off Democraticprimary on 3 0 May. There are no Republi-can prlmaries in Alabama.

The election authorities interpret thelaws regulating primaries as unaffected bythe Ramsay Act.

The serviceman, desiring to vote in thecoming Democratic primaries, makes ap-plication t o the probate judge of his homecounty not more than twenty ( 2 0 ) daysor less than flve ( 5 ) days before primaryday. No special form of a pplicat ion is re-quired. The postcard will be honored. Aseuarate aoulication must be made foreach orimariv. Reeistration and oavmentof poli tax ar e re iu ir ed . Upon r&&pt ofthe ballot it should be executed at onceaccording’ to accom panying ins tructi onsand received back by primary day.

CALIFORNlACalifornia holds it$ primaries on 16

May.

The serviceman desirins a ballot ma8 ulication is sufficient fo r ‘both drima ries.make- application--at~ny fime. The partvaffiliation of the applicant must be h d i -cated. No special form of application,, isnecessary. The postcard application willbe honored. W hile regi str ati on is neces-sary, if any applicant-is not registered. aballot will be forwarded to him with anaccompanying affidavit. When the ballotand the affidavit are made out and re-ceived back in California. it will consti-tute reeistration.

Upor? receipt of t he ballot , the service-

man should execute it at once in accord-ance with accompanying instructions. Itmust be executed by 1 6 May and receivedback in California by 1 June.

FLORIDAFlorida holds its flrst primary on 2 May

and its run-off primary on 2 3 May. Theseviceman should make application on thepostcard application. One postcard ap-

The applicant must state his pnrty pref-erence. Regi strat ion is not required. Theapplicant must he stationed without thestate. I f a voter has never been registered.it is expected that the local canvassingboard will record his votes for candidatesfor federal offices only. Application shouldbe made at once. The ballot should beexecuted according t o accompanying in-struc tions and received back by pri ma ryday.

ILLINOISIllinois holds its primaries for the nomi-

nation of candidates for both federal andstate offices on 11 April. By speclal pro-vision the names of candidates for state,county and local officers are printed onthe soecial war ballot. If a serviceman de-sire s-to vote he should forward the post-card, a cop; of whic h accomp anies th isarticle. The applicant must indicate his

IF YOU L IVE I N ALABAMA. CALIFORNIA, FLORIDA, ILLINOIS, INDIANA, LOUISIANA.

MARYLAND, NEBRASKA, N EW JERSEY, \NOR TH CAROLINA, O H IO , OREGON,PENNSYLVANIA, SOUTH DAKQTA OR WEST VIRGINIA

TH E FOLLOWING INFORMATION IS O F INTEREST T O YOU

State Election* Earliest date state will receive soldiers’ Latest date ap - Date o n or before

“official war bal- regular state ab - lo t will be ballot must be re-lot” covering only sentee ballot cov- received ceived bach in or -federal offices to ering al l offices to der to be countedbe voted on he voted o n

Date application for: plication for bal- which executed

Ala.- 2 May No t applicable 12 April 26 April 2 Ma y30 Ma y Not applicable 10 Ma y 24 M ay 30 Ma y

Calif. 1 6 May At an y time At an y time 10 Ma y Marked by 1 6May and receivedby 1 June

2 Mayla. 2 May At an y time A t a ny time2 3 Ma y3 May A t an y t ime A t any time

Ill. 1 1 Ap r 1 3 Marrh 13 March 6 April 1 1 April

No time limitNo t ime limit

Ind. 2 Mav Not avvlicable 2 April 1 7 April 2 Mas~ ~

18 Allril

by 1 May an dreceived back by8 Ma g

At an ) t ime,a 1 8 Apr. No t applicable A t an y t ime

Md. 1 Ma) A t an y time 17 March No time l imi t Muct be marked

Nehr. 11 Apr. Not applicable 12 March 9 April Must he mailedby 10 April an dreceived by 14April

N. J . 1 6 Ma \ -\t an\‘ time At an y time A t an y t ime I6 Ma )~~

27 MayC. a i May .4t any timi, ’ At any time

Ohio 9 May No t applicable 9 bpril 4 May 5 May

Or en . 19 Mas No t apiilieahle 9 April 8 Ma y 13 Ma y

A t an s time

~

Pa . 2 5 Apr 6 March 6 March 25 March Must be mailedby 25 April andreceived by 3 May

Must be markedby 17 April an dreceived by 2 May

S. Dak. 2 May Not applicable 10 April No time limit

w. va . 9 May Not applirable A t ani’ time 29 April 9 May

* All elections l isted in this box are primary elections except fo r the State of Louisiana, which hold7its regrilar election for state or local officers o n date shown.

Page 61



partu afJiliation. This postcard should bemailed s o that it will be received by theSecretary of State at Springflcld on orimmediately after 1 3 March. Upon receiptof th e ballot it should be executed in ac-cordance wi(h accompanying instructicns.It must be returned to the officer (election

official) from whom it wa s obtained intime for delivery by him to the prolaerpolling place before th e closing of th e pollson the day of the primary.

Amendments to the election laws, re-cently enacted by a special sessiqn of theIllinois legislature, are not effectwe untilafter the coming primary.

INDIANAIndiana holds its prim aries on 2 May.The electio,n authorities interpret the

laws regulating primaries as unaffectedby the Hamsay Act.

Therefore, the serviceman, who desiresto vote, must make application for a com-plete state ballot. No special form of ap-plication is necessary. The postcard ap-plication will be honored. Howev er, if theprinted postcard is used, th e serviceman

should s tri ke ou t the wo rds “official way;ballot” and insert “state absentee ballot.In order to obtain such ballot the appli-cant must be registered.

The applicant must indicate his partyaffiliation. The application should be re-ceived by the Secre tary of S tate, India -napolis n ot before 2 April nor later tha n1 7 Aaiil. Uaon recebt of the ballot. i tstioulil be executcd a t once accordin@ t uawoiiipanylnfi instr uctio ns and promptlyiliuiltvl in n i . ( l w t h a t it \vi11 be rcceivt’dback in Indiana by 2 May,

LOUISIANALouisiana holds its regular election for

s t a t e or local officers on 1 8 April. Becauseno federal officers are chosen at this elec-tion, the Ramsay Act does not give to theserviceman any right t o vote greater tha nthat provided by the state law.

However, the sta te of Louisiana will ac-cept the postcard as an application forthe s tat e absentee ballot. The addres s ofthe Secretary of State to whom the appli-cation should be forwarded is BatonRouge, Louisiana.

MARYLANDMarylan d holds its primaries on 1 May.Servicemen may vote by abse ntee ballot

in accordance with (1 ) the federal law or( 2 ) the state law.

Because only candidates for federal of-Aces are voted for in the coming primariesand it has been ruled that the waiver ofthe requirement of registation containedin the federal law cannot be constitu-tionally recognized in Maryland, the re-sul t of eithe r method is the same.

The only difference in the method ofmaki ng the application is that under the

federal law it is addressed to the Secre-t a r y of Sta te Annapolis to be received byhim at any time and &der the state law

-it is addressed to the Board of Supervisorsof Elections of t he ap plican t’s home coun-ty (or Baltimore City) to be receivedthereat not before 1 7 March.

The printed postcard application willbe honored. How ever if it is used underthe state law, the woids “official war bal-lot” shauld be stricken out and the words“absent voter’s ballot” inserted.

Upon receipt of t he ballo t, it shoul d ,beexecuted according to accompanying in-structions. It must be marked by 1 Mayand received back by 8 May.

In either method, the party afliliatipnof the applicant n%ustbe stated. The regis-tration of a serviceman is permanent.

There in the likelihood. when Anal con-gressional action is taken tha t a specialsession of t he M aryland lekis latur e will beconvened to libealize the present law.Servicemen from Maryland should keepinfdrm ed of suc h developments.

NEBRASKA

Nebraska holds its primaries on 11April.Candidates for both federal and state

offices will be nominated by the respectiveparties.

The N a w Deuartment is informed thatthe electiun“ autho ritie s of Nebraska inter-pret its laws regulating primaries as un-affected by the Ram say Act. The post-card is not acceptable as an applicationfor a ballot or registration. T here fore, inaccordance with the state laws of Ne-braska, the serviceman should request atonce an application for a n abse nt voter’sballot from the clerk of the county inwhich the absent voter resides (in Omaha,from the election commissionerj . make itout according to the accompaiying in-structions; and then mail i t t o the clerkof th e county from whom it wa s obtained.Registration is required. Th e applicationmust state the party affiliation of theserviceman. It therea fter should be mailedso tha t it will be received by the countyclerk on or immediately after 1 2 March.The county clerk will thereupon forwardthe absent voter’s ballot to the service-man, who will execute it according to ac-companying instructions. Thereafter it

‘must be forwarded to the county clerk.The return envelope must bear postmarknot later than 1 2 o’clock midn ight of t heday preceding primary day.

NEW JERSEYNew J ersey - holds its primary on 16

May.

A serviceman desiring to vote maymake application at any t ime for a n ab-sent voter’s ballot. No specifled form ofapP1icatio.n is require d. The postcard ap-plication will be honored. The party a@-

liation of the applicant must be stated.

Registration is required. Application forregistration mus t be ,in person. Upon re-

.ceipt of the application, a ballot fo r allfedera l st at e and local offices will be for-warded. The serviceman should execute itaccording to accompanying instructionsand mail it at once in order that it m ay

be received back by 1 6 May.

NORTH CAROLINANorth Carolina holds its primaries on 2 7

May.Application fo r an absentee ballot m ay

be made at any time prior to the prim ary.It mus t be signed by th e ,voter p r in hisname bv a m ember of his imm ediate fam-ily. The application must show the partyaffitiation o f the precinct in which the ap -plicant is registered. It should be ad-dressed to the Chairman of the Board ofElections of t he applic ant’s home county .Receipt of a postcard application for bal-lot constitutes reeistration of an aaa l i -cant otherwise qualified. T hereafter,- ?heapplicant will receive an absentee ballotfor all federal, st ate and local offices. Uponreceip t of the ballot, it shou ld be imme-diately executed according to accompany-ing instructions and mailed at once to theChairman of the County Board of Elec-tions of the vot er’s home county, whomust receive it before the closing of th epolls on 27 May.

OHIO

Ohio holds its primaries on 9 May.The election authorities interpret its

laws regulating primaries as unaffectedby the Ramsay Act. Therefore, the so-called “official war ballot” will not beissued.

However the printed postcard applica-tion will 6e honored.

Registration is required in cities witha population of 1 6 , 0 0 0 or more and insmaller cities if so Drovided bv ordinanceor in a county if required by -t he countyboard of elections.

If the applicant resides in a communityrequiring registration and is registered orresides in a communitv not reauirine rea-istra tion, th e postcard” application will Leconsidered an applicatian for an abse ntvoter’s ballot. Upon receip t of the appli-cation from the Secretary of Sta te- i tshould be executed at once and maileh tothe designated election authorities. There:aft er the ballot will be forwarded to th eapplicant. It qhould be executed accordingto accompanying instructions and mailedin order th at it b e received back by 5 May.

If the an dic ant resides in a communitvrequiring regist ration and is not regis-tered, the postcard application will behonored and upon its receipt by the Secre-tar y of State. he will forward anuroariatpregistration forms and an appli&tf&-foran absent voter’s ballot. Both should beexecuted according to accompanying in-

7__-______..._.___(Date)

Secretary of State of: _______ ~ .

to vote in the coming- electwn, I hereby apply for an official war ballot.Being on active duty in the armed foxes of the United States and desiring

FREE(OfficialW a r Ballot)

the Stateof _____ ____ _ _________.and my voting distridt orprrcinctto he best of my knowledge is___.i____.____

I desire that the ballot be sent to me at the following address __ ---....___._..._~..___._-_-..__( C i W

Both s ides of po s tcard fo r use in r e g u e s t i n g official

war b al lo ts . C ar ds m a y b e o b t a in e d f r o m c o m m a n d i n g

Page 62

officers. Z f u s e d to a p p l y for bal lo t s in p r i m a r y e l e c -t io ns , par ty a f t i l ia t ion or pre fere lz ce must be s tuted.



structions and returned at once. Upon re-ceipt of th e 6allot it should be executedaccording to accdmpanying instructionsand mailed so it will be received back by4 May.

In either instance the applicant must

state hts party affzlaataon OT preference onthe application for a ballot.

OREGONOregon holds its prima ries ,on 1 9 May.Because of the liberal Drovisions of 1ts

law s relating to servicem ei voting, Oregonwill not distribute “official war ballots.”

be honored. The amiicant nzzist state hasHowever, the postcard application will ,

cartu affiliation.While registration is re- 1buired Tf the applicant is-not registered, 1the rgceipt of the post card application,const itutes registration. Therefore, theserviceman des’lrina to vote. whether rea-istered or not should forwa rd the PO&-card applicatidn in order >h at it be receivednot earlier than 1 9 April o r later than 8 ,May, Upon receipt of the ballot. it should1be executed at once and mailed in orderthat it be received back by 13 May.

PENNSYLVANIA I

Pennsylvania holds its primaries fo r th enomination of candidates fo r both federaland state officers on 25 April. Members ofthe armed forces vote in accordance with(1) he federal law, or ( 2 ) the state lawhereinafter briefly outlined.

If the serviceman chooses the flrstmethod, his ballot is limited to federal of-Aces. He should use the p ostcard, a COPY

of which is printed on page 62 . Thereonshould be indicated his party aff4liation.It should be mailed at once to the Secre-tary of State at Harrisburg. The ballot.when received should be executed in ac-cordance with’ accompanying instructions.

If the serviceman desires to use the sec-ond method, his ballot includes all omces.both federal and state.Am applicant therefor must be regis-

tered. However, the resstation of any inthe armed services may not be canceled.Furthermore, any person in the armedservices may secure a rezistration card atany time b y maki ng writZen application tothe registration commission-having juris-diction at the place where the applicantresided on the date of enteri ng the service.Appropriate forms will be forwarded bythe comm ission upon receipt of th e appli-cation.

Application on a special form to be ob-tained at once from the Secretary of Stateat Harris burg should be made not before6 March nor later than 2 5 March to thecounty board of the county where the ap -

plicant is registered fo r a military ballotThe application must state the politicalparty in which the applicant is enrolled.The ballot should be executed accordingto accompanying instructions. The returnenvelope mus t be postm arked prior to m id-night 2 5 April and received by the countyboard before 5 May.

SOUTH DAKOTASouth Dakota holds its primaries an 2

May.The Navy Depa rtmen t is info-rmed th at

the election .autho rities of Soufh Dakotainterpret its laws regulating primaries asunaffected by the Ramsay Act.

The serviceman, therefore, makes appli-cation to the county or city auditor or th etown clerk of his home community for anabsent voter’s ballot. No sDecial form ofapplication is required. The postcard ap-plication will be honored. The party affl-liatian of the applicant must be state d.Regis tratio n is required. However, if aserviceman is not registered, he may fllean affidavit stating his absence from thestate during the registration period. Thisaffidavit will constitute adequate registra-tion. Upon receipt of the ballot it shouldbe executed at once according t o accom-

panying instructions. It must be markedby 17 April and received back by 2 May.

WEST VIRGINIAWest Virginia holds its primaries on 9

May.The election authorities do not recognize

the applicability of the Ramsay Act tothese primaries.

i

,~ vruary 1944, and appearing in theN. D. Bul. for 15 Feb. 1944 as No.I 44-187. IThe following is an informative relmse

by the S ecr eta ry of S tat e of West Vir-ginia :

“West Virginians who a re members ofthe Armed Services of the United States,may now reaister. and Vote bv Mail inthe- Prima ry 30 be’ held 9 May &der Sen-ate Bill No 2 which was enacted by theLegislature at a Special Session conveningJanuary 3 1 9 4 4 .

“Membeks of the Armed Services. whoare not now reeistered can do so bv re-questing by lettt+, ad&re&ed t o t h e CountyClerk of the County in which they residedat the t ime of their induction into the Ser-ices, fo r a Reaistration blank. After flllina

in and signing the blank and having ficertified by a Commissioned Omcer. War-rant Officer or non-commissioned omcer nolower in rank than a Sergeant or theequivalent Navy rating of any branch ofany Armed Services of th e TTniterl Stnteq~ _.....-_.-_-_

or -b y some other person qualifled to a d-minister oaths , it shal l then be returned tothe Clerk of the County Court. A reauestfor a ballot can be made bv flline th 6 an-..__p!ication for a ballot. found“an tge reverseside of t he Regi stratio n blank.

“Any one who is now registered and inthe Armed Services c an make a requestfor a Ballot by Griting to the CircuitClerk of th e County in which he o r she isregistered. This request can also be madeby the Father, Mother or a Friend.”

The equivalent Navy rating to that of asergeant is a petty officer third class.

The applicant for a primary ballot muststa te his party preference.

N av y L iberalizesParp ie Hear t Aw ard

Under terms of an Alnav issued bySecretary of the Navy Knox on 28Ja nu ar y 1944, the Navy Departmentset forth the definition of wounds forwhich men may be awarded the PurpleHeart.

The Alnav, No. 6, reads:

“For the purpose of awarding thePurple Heart, a wound is defined as aninjury to any part of the body from

an outside force, element or agent sus-tained as the result of a hostile act of

the enemy or while in action in the

fac e of the enemy.”

This definition is retroactive, and

personnel who applied for the Purple

Heart and were turned down may ap-ply again if the definition covers them.. ,

The Navy heretofore has awardedthe Purple Heart to men who sufferedopen wounds from shot or shrapnel inaction against t he enemy. Under the

above definition. those who suffer suchinjuries a s sprained o r dislocated limbsor spines o r appreciable gashes, cutsor bruises in ship and landing opera-tions during battles may receive thePurple Heart if approval is granted

by a delegated authority o r by theNavy Department.

The term delegated authority is cov-

ered by Alnav No. 8-44 of 6 January1944, which states: “Authority toaward the Purple Heart in accordancewith current directives governing this

medal may be delegated by fleet com-manders to officers in the Navy andMarine Corps senior to the rank ofcaptain (colonel) who are exercisingcommand and island commanders ofthe rank of captain (colonel).”

Standards M odifiedFor CommissionsIn Naval Reserve

Physical and educational qualifica-

tions of enlisted men, warrant officersand commissioned warrant officers for

permanent appointment as officers ofthe Nav al Reserve t o serve on generalsea duty have been partially modifiedto meet present urgent needs of theservice.

The modifications are temporary in

nature. Requirements stated hereinare minimum, and applicants shouldunderstand that applications are sub-mitted for consideration only.

Previous minimum qualifications forpermanent appo intment as general-sea-duty officers are modified in part

as follows:Applicants shall not have reached

their 38th birthday by 1 Jan. 1944.They shall have a minimum visual

acuity of 15/20 for each eye.They must have completed success-

fully a minimum of tw o academicyears of accredi ted college work an d aminimum of one year of active seaduty on board ship since 7 Dec. 1941,except tha t fo r each semester of ac-credited college work over the two-year minimum requirement, threemonths may be deducted from the re-quirement of one year of active sea

duty on board ship.

Heretofore, physical requirementshave called for 18/20 vision in each

eye. This is still a V-7 requirement.

The changes announced in Alnav

No. 23 (N . D. Bul. [semi-monthly] 31Jan. 44-75), represent a modification

Page 63



of educational requirements for per- Imanent appointment as commissionedofficers of the reserve.

Previous applicants for permanent

commissions, from enlisted ratings,were required t o meet the same stan-

dards as civilian applicants, althoughconsideration was given t o their en-listed service.

Requirements for temporary (notpermanent) appointment of first-class ,petty officers and chief petty officers t o ,

commissioned rank will continue to fol-low the requirements as established in ,

IuPers Circ. Ltr. 152-43.Applications for commissions from 1

beyond the continental limits of theUnited States mav be forwarded to 1BuPers without transcript of educa-

tional record. Applicants will indicatethe institution attended and BuPerswill attempt t o secure transcript fromcollege immediately upon receipt ofapplication.

Basic policy for these applicationsand appointments is contained inBuPers Circ. Ltr. 159-42 (20 Nov.1942) and changes and addtiions ascontained in Circ. Ltr . 152-43 nd Circ.Ltr. 246-43.

All EnlistmentsExtended Un der Alnu v

Provisions of Article D-9104,BuPersManual, relating to discharges withinthree months prior t o expiration of en-listment, have been suspended for theduration of the war and a period ofsix months thereafter, due to provi-sions of Alnav 155 of 15 December1941, he Chief of Nava l Personnel an-

nounced in Circular Letter No. 13-44(N. D. Bul. [semi-monthly] 15 January

Alnav 155,now applicable to expira-tion of enlistment, reads as follows:

“Enlistments of men in regularNavy, Marine Corps and Coast Guard

who do not voluntarily extend o r re-enlist and all enlistments of men in re-serve components thereof a re herebyextended in accordance with act ap-proved December 13,1941, or a periodof not later than six months after ter-mination of war. Men so detained not

entit led to enlistment allowance. Nochange present la w governing paymentenlistment allowance men who volun-tarily reenlist o r extend enlistment inregular ‘Navy, Marine Corps andCoast Guard. Provisions Section 1422,Revised Statutes, suspended effectiveDecember 13, 1941.”

44-106).

Crime Doesn’tPav-In the NavvJ J

Typical sentences for offenses against naval discipline were disclosedby BuPers Circular Letter No. 30-44, ated 29 January 1944, o impressupon naval personnel who may commit serious offenses the extent of

punishment they will receive.BuPers requests that wide publicity be given the following typical sen-tences recently approved, in ac tua l cases, by the Secr etary of t he Navy:

Disobedience of orders and disrespectful. lanuage to superior of€lcer

Desertion in time of warDesertion (out 13 days) : applying gov-

ernment property to own use (whale-boat) : stealing government property( 2 sub M-guns and ammunition) :theft (automobile) : transportationstolen property in interstate comm.(guns ammunition, car).

Forger$Theft ($51) from another person in

NavyStriking another person in Navy (flsts)

Striking another person in N&vy (flsts)Striking another person in Navy (knife)Striking superior offlcer with dangerous

Burglary (breaking and entering)Stealing government property

weapon

Robbery ~

Assault with intent to commit murder

Reduced to anorentice seaman. T w oyears conflnement, dishonorable dis-charge, and other accessories of sen-tence (these words are abbreviated inpunishments listed below.)

Red. AS, 3 yrs. conf.. DD & access.Red. AS, 12 yrs. conf., DD & access.

Red AS 2 yrs. conf DD & access.Red: AS: 3 yrs. con[: DD & access.

Red. AS, 2 yrs. conf.. DD & access.

Red. AS, 5 yrs. conf.. DD & access.Red. AS, 5 yrs. conf.. DD & access.Red. AS, 5 yrs. conf., DD & access.

Red. AS, 3 yrs. conf.. DD & access.Red. AS, 1 yrs. conf.. DD & access.Red. AS, 5 yrs. conf.. DD & access.Red. AS, 7 yrs. conf.. DD & access.

E f o r t Being MadeT o Rotate Oficers

Because of the ever increasing de-

mands for experienced officer person-nel in new construction, BuPers hasbeen unable t o prescribe any definiterotation of duty between sea and shore.

Every effort is being made t o return

officers who have been at sea forlengthy periods and to give them t wo

or three months in the United Statesprior to r eturn ing to sea in’a new ship.

Those officers who have had an ex-clusively long stre tch of sea duty will,whenever possible, be given 12 to 18months duty on shore within the con-tinental limits.

There will, nevertheless, be many

officers who should be brought homebecause of the extended duration oftheir s e a cruise under fatiguing warconditions but who cannot be sparedfor rotation at this time. The Bureauis wholly cognizant of this but it mustbe emphasized that a specific policy ofrotation can neither be established noradhered to under the present situationwhen th e Navy i s faced with a criticalshor tage of trained sea officers and arapidly and continuously expandingNavy.

New B r o n z e Star MedalEstablished for Heroism

In an executive order dated 4 Feb-ruary 1944,President Roosevelt estab-lished the Bronze Star Medal foraward to anyone in th e armed serviceswho on o r after 7 December 1941,“distinguishes, or has distinguished,himself by heroic or meritoriousachievement or service, not involvingparticipation in aeria l flight, in connec-tion with military or naval operationsagainst an enemy of the UnitedStates.”

The medal was established for theNavy, Marine Corps, Coast Guard andArmy. With accompanying ribbonsand appurtenances, the medal shall beof a design approved by the Secretaryof the Navy and the Secr etaryof the Wa r, or by commanding officers

of the armed fo rces whom they desig-nate. The secretaries also were autho-rized to establish regulations for theaward, the regulations to be as uni-fo rm as practicable.

The President directed that “no

more than one Bronze Star Medal shallbe awarded to any one person, but for

each succeeding heroic or meritoriousachievement o r service justifying such

an award a suitable device may beawarded to be worn with the medal

as prescribed by appropriate regula-tions. The Bronze Star Medal may be

Page 64



awarded posthumously, and, when soawarded, may be presented to suchrepresenta tive of the deceased as maybe designated in the award.”

Sfiecialty M arks for‘

New Rat ings DesignatedBy Circular Letter No. 1244 (N. D.

Bul. [semi-monthly] 31 Jan., 44-105)dated 15 January 1944, specia!tymarks as listed below will be worn forcertain new ratings previously autho-rized by BuPers Circular Letter 205-43(N. D. Bul. 15 October 1943, R-1491),corrected by BuPers Circular LetterNo. 251-43 (N. D. Bul. 30 November1943, R-1650).

The list follows:Rat ino Spec ia l ty Mark

Chief soundm an SoundmanChief radarma n Radarm anMachinist’s mate, third class Machiniyt’s mateMotnr machin ist’s mat e. Motor machiniqt’.; mat e....~

third classWater tender, , third classBoilermaker, third classMetalsmith. third classP h i p f molderMolder, third classChief patternmakerPatternmaker, third classChief paintprBuglemastrr, third classr h i p f mmir ian__.._.... ~~ ~

Musician, first classMusician, second classMusician. third classh a t swa in ’ s m a te .4 (mas-

Water tenderBoilelmakerMetalsmithMolderMolderPatternmakerPatternmakerPainterBuglrmasterBandmasterMusirianMusicianMinicianBoat.;main’.; mate

ter-at-arms)

(electrical)Torpedoman’s mate E Torpedoman’v mate

TorDPdoman’s mate V Torpedoman’.; mate(aviation)

fire controlman ( R )

(submarine)

Fire controlman Fire controlmanFire Controlman R (same as Fire controlman

Fire controlman S Fire controlman

snirndman H (harbor de- Sorindmanfense)

raphers and multilithoperators)

(engineman)

trial gas generating ma-

Printer s L and M (lithog- Printer

Painter V (aircraft painters) PainterMachinist’s mate E Machinist’s mate

Machinist’s mate G (indus- Machinist’s mate

chanic)

frigeration mechanic)Machinist’s mat e R (re- Machinist’s mat e

Machinist’s mate S (shop Machinist’s matemachinist)

Aviation machinist’s m ate C Aviation machinist’s m ate(aviation carburetor me-chanic)

Aviation machinist’s mate F Aviation machinist’s mate(aviation Right engineer)

Aviation machinist’s mate H Aviation machinist’s mate(aviation hydraulic me-chanic)

Aviation’s ma chinist ’s mate Aviation machinist’s mateI (aviation instrumentmechanic)

Aviation machinist’s mat e Aviation machinist’s mateP (aviation propeller me-chanic)

Aviation ordnaneeman B Aviation ordnanceman(aviation hombsiaht me-chanic)

(aviation turret me-Aviation ordnanceman T Aviation ordnanceman

chanic)Storekeeper D (disbursing) . Storekeeper

Storekeeper T ( techn ical) Store l teh tSpecialist F (fire fighters)diamond

Letter inclosed in a

SDecialist Q (communiea- Letter inclosed in ations security) diamond

cialists who do no t fit diamondSpecialist X (essential spe- Letter inclosed in a

into any existing rating)

operators) diamondSapcialist Y (control tower Letter inclosed in a

Enlisted Training Courses PreparedA new series of enlisted train ingcourses in naval aviation, compiled ac-cording t o subject rather than ratings,has been prepared and issued byBuPers, in cooperation with the NavalAir Technical Training Command.

Brand new in material, illustrations,style, size and method of presentation,the series is designed to meet the ex-panded and more specialized aviationrating system and the many technicalchanges that have developed in war-time aviation.

The courses were prepared by sub-jects because similar basic knowledgeis required of several aviation ratings.Therefore, the information on a singlesubject is in a single book, easier tostudy and to understand. The booksare designed primarily for self study,for use by enlisted men at shore sta-tions o r at sea, but they also may beused in classroom programs of navaltraining schools.

Included in the new series are twoguide books, T he Enlisted Men’s Guideand T he Educational Oficer’s Guide.The former lists the titles of publica-

tions to be studied by each rating, thesequence in which they are to bestudied, and mentions useful supple-mentary publications. The latt er con-tains information on how the books ar eto be used, who should use them, andexaminations for advancement in rat-ing.

For example, an enlisted man pre-paring for a specific rating would usethe following books:

Aviation radioman : In troduct ion toA i r p la n e s , M a t h e m at i cs , H a d Tools ,Funda mentals of E lecthci ty , Airc raf

Communicat ions, Aircraf t R a d i oEqu ipmen t , and Advanced Work inAircraf t Radio .

Aviation metalsmith : In troduct ionto Airp lanes, M athemat ics , Blueprin tReading and Layout Work, HandToo l s , A i rc ra f t M e ta l s , A i rc ra f t We ld -i n g , Aircra f t Me ta l Work.

Every request for new books mustspecify the appropriate NavPers num-ber as well as the title listed below:

10301 Enlisted Men’s Guide toAv ia t ion Ra t ings

10302 Educational Oficer’s Guideto Avia t ion Rat ings

10303 Introduction to Airplanes10304 Mathemat i c s10305 Blueprin t Reading and Lay-

out Work10306 Hand Tools10311 Fun dam enta ls of Electri&

103121031310314

1031510316

1032110322103231033110332

103331033410335103361034110342103431035110361103621037110372

Aircra f t Rad io Equ ipmen tAircraf t Communicat ionsAdvanced Work in A i r c r a f t

A i r cr a ft E l ec tr ic al S y s t ~ m sAdvanced Work in A i r c r a f t

Electr ic i tyAircraf t Meta lsA i rcra f t We ld ingAi rcra f t Me ta l WorkAirplane S tructuresAircraf t Hydraul ic Equip-

Aircraf t In s t rumen t sAi rcra f t Eng inesAi rcra f t Fue l &/ s t emsAircraf t Propel lersA i r c r a f t A r m a m e n tAircraf t Fire Contro lA i rcra f t Mun i t i onsParachu tesAerologg, Vol. IAero logy , Vol. I IPho tography , IPho tography , I I

Radio

m e n t

The first eight books listed above arescheduled f or completion about 1 March1944. Shipments will be made in

groups as they become available. Aninitial distribution of the series willbe made to aviation training and op-erational units as follows :

1. NATTCs, Carrier Aircraft Ser-vice Units, Headquarters Squadrons,detachments, carriers and ships ser-vicing or carry ing aircra ft will receivebooks direct in the initial distribution.

2. Naval air centers, stations, andfacilities, and Marine Corps air sta-tions will receive sample sets direct.

3. Units not yet commissioned will

receive the books in their regular com-missioning allowance of enlisted tra in -ing courses furnished by BuPers.

Activities listed above and uni ts pro-vided for in the initial distributionmay secure additional copies of thepublications after the distribution hasbeen completed by directing their re-quests to one of the following distri-bution points :

1. BuPers, for vessels operating inthe Atlantic, East Coast activities andall units not specified.

2. Educational officer, Eleventh Na-

val District, San Diego, Calif., for ves-sels and activities in West Coast area.

3. Educational officer, Fourteenth

Naval District, Pearl Harbor, T. H.,for vessels and activities operating inthat district area.

Page 65



Regulations on Area Service

Stars Authorized for Personnel in These

Operations or Engagements

Asiatic- Pacif c AreaPE ARL HARBOR 7 December 1941WAKE ISLAND 8-23 December 1941PHILIPPINE ISLANDS OPERATION 8 December 1941-6 May 1942

NETHERLANDS EAST INDIES ENGAGEMENTS- (Only one star foiparticipation in one or more of the following)

Makassar Strait 23-24 January 1 9 4 2Badoeng Strait 1 9 - 2 0 February 1 9 4 2Java Sea 2 7 February 1 9 4 2

PACIFIC RAIDS-l942-(0nly one st ar for participation in one or more of thefollowing)

Marshall-Gilbert Raids 1 February 1 9 4 2Air Action off Bougainville 2 0 February 1 9 4 2Wake Island Raid 2 4 February 1 9 4 2Marcus Island Raid 4 March 1 9 4 2Salamaua-Lae Raid 1 0 March 1 9 4 2

4-8 May 19423-6 June 1942

CORAL SEAMIDWAY

GUADALCANAL-TULAGI LANDINGS (incl. First Savo)-7-9 August 1942CAPTURE AND DEFENSE OF

10 Auugst 1942-8 Feb ruary 1943GUADALCANAL

MAKIN RAID 17-18 August 1942

EASTERN SOLOMONS (Stewart Island)-23-25 August 1942BUIN-FAISI-TONOLAI RAID 5 October 1942CAPE ESPERANCE (Second Savo)SANTA CRUZ ISLANDS 26 October 1942

GUADALCANAL (Third Savo)TASSAFARONGA (Fourth Savo)RENNELL ISLAND 29-30 Janu ar y 1943

ALEUTIANS OPERATION-(Only one star for participation in one or more

11-12 October 1942

12-15 November 194230 November-1 December 1942

of the following)Komandorski Island sAttu Occupation

2 6 March 1 9 4 311 May-2 Ju ne 1943

NEW GEORGIA GROUP OPERATION 20 June-16 October 1943- (Onlyone star for participation in one or more of the following)

New Georgia-Rendova-VangunuOccupation

Kula Gulf Action 5-6 July 1943Kolombangara Action 1 2 - 1 3 July 1943Vella Gulf Action 6- 7 A u w s t 1 9 4 3Vella Lavell a Occupation 15 August-16 October 1 9 4 3Action off Vella Lavella 6- 7 October 1943

2 0 June-5 August 1 9 4 3 .

PACIFIC RAIDS-1943- (Only one st ar for participation in one or more of thefollowing)

Marcus Island Raid

Tarawa- sland RaidWake Island Raid

NEW GUINEA OPERATION

rREASURY-BOUGAINVILLEOPERATION

21 Aueunt 1942

is Se ih em b i i - i9435-6 October 19434 September 1943-(Date to be an-

nounced later)

nounced later)27 October 1943-(date to be an-

BISMARCK ARCHIPELAGO OPER-

21LBERT ISLANDS OPERATION

15 December 1943-(date t o be an-

20 November 1943-(date to be an-ATION nounced later)

nounced later)

European-Africa-Middle Eastern AreaVORTH AFRICAN OCCUPATION- (On13 one star for participation in one or

more of the following)Algeria-Morocco Landings 8-11 November 1 9 4 2Action off Casablanca

Tunisian Operations

8 November 1 9 4 2

8 November 1942-9 July 1 9 4 89-15 July 1943;

28 Ju~v-17 August 1943ICILIAN OCCUPATION

3ALERNO LANDINGS 9-21 September 1943

Note: All date s fo r above conform to local time fo r the area of the operation orengagement.

Ribbon StarsRegulations governing the wearing

of stars on area service ribbons arepromulgated in General Order 207,issued 7 February by acting SecNav.

No area campaign medals will beissued until the end of the war, butthe wearing of duly awarded stars onthe appropriate area service ribbonis authorized. Wea ring of numeralson area service ribbons is not author-ized, and no campaign clasps are au-thorized for the medals to be issuedafter the war.

Stars on area ribbons shall bebronze or silver, of a size to be in-scribed in a circle &-inch in diameter.The first star, of bronze, shall be cen-tered on the ribbon; if more than onestar is worn, they shall be placed in ahorizontal line close to and symmetri-cally about the center of the ribbon.A silver star shall be worn in lieu offive bronze stars and shall be locatedas near the center of the ribbon asthe symmetrical arrangement permits.

The primary requirement for th ewearing of a star on an area serviceribbon is honorable service in a ship,aircra ft, unit or shore-based force a t

the time it participated in actual com-bat with the enemy in a designatedoperation or engagement.

Not more than one star will beawarded for a single operation or en-gagement. Units supporting an en-gagem ent or operation, but subject onlyt o the ordinary hazards of war, do notmerit an award.

All attacks on enemy submarineswhich have been, or are in the future,assessed a classification of “A” or“B ” by the Committee for Assess-ment of Damage to Enemy Subma-

rines, the British Admiralty U-BoatAssessment Committee, o r the JointBritish-United States Naval and AirAssessment Board for the Mediter-ranean, entitle personnel engaged t owear a bronze star on the appropriatearea service ribbon.

From time to time, Corninch mayauthorize the award of a star to per-sonnel of ships or aircraft engagedin patrols or service of maintenance,supply, mine-laying, minesweepingand other special operations whichhave resulted in an engagement inwhich a ship o r aircraft has suffereu

damage from the enemy or has de-stroyed or severely damaged a11enemy ship or aircraft. Star s alsomay be authorized for duty that didnot result in actual combat, but whichis considered equally hazardous.



perational Tr ainin gradua tes May Wear

Air crewmen graduates of opera-

ombat air crewmen now may wear

th in Circular Letter No. 22-44(N . D. Bul. [semi-monthly] of 31

44-115).Heretofore, the graduate aircrew-

as-signed members of a plane crew be-ore they were allowed t o wear theings of the combat air crewmen.Provisions for wearing the wings,

pon completion of operational tr ain -ng, are subject to several restrictions,detailed in the circular letter.

lacks to ReplaceCoveralls for W R

Navy blue denim dungaree slacksand blue cotton chambray shirts maybe designated for Women’s Reservistswhen the nature of their work requiresprotective covering, under latest uni-form changes announced 25 January1944 by the Chief of Naval Personnel

in a l etter to all continental shore sta-tions (Pers. 34-RT-A2-3).These items eventually will replace

the aviation coverall which will not bemanufactured after the dungareeslacks and chambray shirts have beenput into production. When these are

prescribed for work, wear ing of theregulation men’s dungaree trousersand chambray shirt is optional.

When prescribed by the command-ing officer, the n avy blue garri son cap,now authorized for male personnel,

ay be worn by Women’s Reserve offi-

cers and chief petty officers within

station limits. Wear ing of sweaters isoptional when necessary f or protection,

and when approved by the command-ing officer.

Fur the r changes in the uniform reg-ulations also are contained in the letter.

Publication OfferedShip’s Service O@cers

The Post Exchange Publishing Co.,292 Madison Ave., New York, N. Y., hasa publication, Pos t Exchange andShip’s Semrice Store, which is avail-

able t o ship’s service activities a t nocost. Ship’s service officers who desi re ’

this publication may correspond withthe above company. This does not con-

stitu te an endorsement of this publica- ’

tion by BuPers. i

~

t

-n e w w w W J v vr , -. ..-

It is requested that all personalcopies of U. S. Navy Uniform Regula-

tions, 1941, be returned to the Bureauof Nava l Personnel as soon as prac -ticable. This was previously requestedin BuPers Circular 227-43, the INFOR-MATION BULLETIN, ecember 1943, and

the Navy Department Bulletin (semi-monthly) of 15 November 1943, bu tcomparatively few copies have been

returned.

Regulations Requested

Oficers of RegularN a v y H ave Precedence

To clarify the question of command

as between regular and reserve nava lofficers of or above the ra nk of com-mander, Secretary of the Navy Knoxhas issued Alnav 36-44, dated 12 Feb-ruary 1944, as follows:

“The following change to Navy Regu-lations has been approved: Delete para -graph 1 5 0 ( 8 ) and substitute: ‘For thepurpose of determining who shall exer-cise command over forces acti ng in con-junction, composed of vessels com:manded by officers of the Naval Re-serve and vessels commanded by offi-cers of the regular Navy, o r over mili-ta ry units composed of forces acti ngin conjunction, commanded by officersof the Naval Reserve and officers of theregu lar Navy, an officer of the re serve

of o r above the rank of commanderwill be regarded as junior to com-manders of the regular Navy, unless aspecific officer shall have been ordered

by higher authority to command theforces acting in conjunction.”

U . S . Life Insurance Policy-Holders G iv en Fourth O ptio n

Policy-holders of U. S. Government of the insurance in a lump sum.Life Insurance have been given the The second option permits the insur-

benefit of a four th plan which they may ance t o be payable in elected install-select for payment of insurance bene- ments for an agreed number of months

fits t o thei r beneficiaries, the Veterans’ (no t less tha n 36) t o the designatedAdministra tion has announced. beneficiary. If such beneficiary dies be-

This type of insurance is held only for e the agre ed number of monthly in-by veterans of World War I and those stal lmen ts have‘ been paid, the remain-who applied for it before 8 October ing unpaid installments will be payable

1940, and should not be confused with in accordance with the beneficiaryNational Service Life Insurance, set up provisions of the policy.

on that date for service personnel of Amount of Installmentsthis war. Number of Monthly for Each $1,000 of

Under th e new method, designated as Installments Insurance3 6 $ 2 9 . 1 9

. 1 8 . 1 2nce would be payable in installments 6 09 6 1 1 .9 0

throughout the lifetime of t he desig- 1 2 0 9 . 8 3

Option 4, U. S. Government Life Insur- 4 8 2 2 . 2 7

nated beneficiary. However, should 2 4 0 5 . 7 5

this beneficiary die before 120 such in- Insurance payable in installmentsstal lmen ts have been paid, the remain- throughout life a third

ments (below) will be payable through-out the lifetime of the beneficiaqq butif such designated beneficiary dies be-fore 240 such installments have beenpaid, the rema inin g unpaid monthly in-stall ment s will be payable in accord-ance with the beneficiary provisions ofthe policy.

Age of Beneflciary a t

Time of Death of

in g unpaid be pay- method of settlement. These install-

Amount of Monthly-

Installment for Eachthe Insured $1,000of Insurance2 530354 55 56 5

$ 3 .9 64.114.304 . 7 05.355 .7 0

Page 6?



TheTh e following Alnavs were issued in

the period 21 J a n u a q 19.44 to 20 Feb-

l ua ry 1944 :No. 18-Requesting commanding

officers to make available, on 1 Feb-ruary 1944 or as soon thereafter aspracticable, to all Navy, Ma rine Corpsand Coast Guard personnel the post-card applications for official war bal-lots (see page 62).

No. 19-Requesting addit ional appli-cations for one-year course in aerologi-cal engineering convening 31 Jul y 1944.Applications must be received prior to1 April 1944. Candidates who have al-

ready submitted applications need notresubmit.

No. 20-Requesting that effective

with February payrolls, accounts ofall Marines and Navy enlisted person-nel paid by Marine Corps disbursingofficers will show opposite checkage theword “new” in all cases of first check-age of newly registered allotments andinitial deduction of family allowances.

No. 21-Declaring provisions of Al-nav 97 (12 May 1943) not applicableto tra nsf er of supplies to Army forresale. Such items upon tran sfer willbe subject t o reimbursement on publicvoucher. Alnav 97 provides that “au-

thorized transfers of supplies, equip-ment, and services from naval vessels

and activities outside the continentallimits of the U. S. to Army activitieslocated beyond continental limits of

the U. S. will henceforth be madewithout reimbursement."

No. 22-In accordance with decisionof Comptroller General, 20 Jan. 1944,officers ordered to d uty (whethe r desfg-

nated temporary or not) in connectionwith fitting ou t or conversion of veeselunder orders which au tho rhe p er diem

while traveling an d while on tempo-

rary duty en route to new permanentstation are entitled to per diem to, butnot including, da te of commissioning ofvessel unless earlier terminated by

90-day limitation in orders. An officeris considered to have arrived at newpermanent station on da te of commis-sioning vessel. Under pe r diem orders

to awai t trans port ation, officers are en-titled t o per diem to, bu t not including,

date of departure.

NO. 23-Modifying in part qualifica-tions for general-sea-duty officers(see page 63).

No. 24-Authorizing release only bySecNav of information concerning ex-periences of persons who have escapedo r been released from, or who have

evaded capture or internment in en-emy-occupied or neut ral ter rito ry.

1

8’ .- ... 111eLo Illell-

tion of the word “radar” permissible.

No. 28-Reducing from tw o to oneyears commissioned service required

for Marine Corps flight training.No. 29-Due t o urgent and immedi-

at e needs of personnel in general ser-

vice, personnel required for flighttraining from enlisted sources as out-lined in enclosure (A ) to BuPers.Circ. Ltr. 149-43, 11 Aug. 1943, will

not be ordered to flight training aft erexpiration of quotas for 17 February1944. Fo r period subsequent to 30June 1944, quotas will be issued whichwill include the numbers which nor-mally would have entered flight train-ing during March, April, May, andJun e, 1944. (Note: Enclosure [A],

“Approximate Source of StudentAviators Entering Flight Training inFiscal Year 1944,” mentioned above,listed quotas of 1,200 enlisted men,USN; 300 enlisted men, USMC; 1,200 en-listed men, USNR; and 300 enlisted men,USMCR, for training as aviation pilots,heavier-than-air, and 400 enlisted men,

USN, for training as aviation pilots,lighter-than-air,)

No. 30-Announcing a command

cQurseat the Naval W ar College, com-mencing 1July 1944, or ofiicers of the

Regular Navy o f the rank of lieuten-

ant commander and above. A prepa-ratory staff course will be held for 50reserve officers of the ranks of lieuten-ant commander, lieutenant, and lieu-tenant (junior grade).

Page 138

BriefApplications desired prior to 15 April1944.

No. 31-Requests all officers of ran kof commander and below to submitwith their 31 March fitness reportsseparate sheets showing all navalschools attended including fleet schools,

location of schools, courses taken,qualifications attained, inclusive datesof attendance.

No. 32-Cites Act approved 3 Feb.1944 providing mustering-out pay fo rpersonnel of‘ the Navy, Marine a ndCoast Guard and reserve components.

No. 33-Put in to effect 15 Februa ry1944 the previously announced systemof EFM and SCM cables, by meansof a coded address system to and from

Navy, Marine Corps and Coast Guardland-based personnel outside the con-

tinental United States, where cablefacilities permit. (See arti cle on “Cen-sorship,” INFORMATIONULLETIN, eb-rua ry 1944 issue, and “Personal Cables

Overseas,” November 1942 issue.)

No. 3 6E ff ec ti ve immediately allsupply accounting and disbursing offi-ces attached to activities located onshore, both inside and outside theUnited S tate s, even though assignedafloat accounting numbers shall submit

their requirements for office equipmentto BuSandA direct.

NO. 35-Declares yellow fever vac-cine suitable fo r admi nistration forperiod of two year s from date of manu-facture provided storage at ordinaryicebox temperatur e is maintained; vac-cine exposed fo r long periods at warmtemperatures should be destroyed.

NO. 36-Relates to precedence incommand as between officers of regu-

lar N avy and N aval Reserve (see page67).

No. 37-Directs commanding officers

t o inform personnel that in makingpostcard application for prim ary elec-tion ballot (see page 62), applicantmust sta te his pa rt y affiliation or pref-erence.

No. 38-rncreases to $30 per person(including overcoat) allotment forcivilian outer clothing f or enlisted per-

sonnel of the Navy, Marine Corps andCoast Guard discharged for bad con-duct, undesirability, unsuitabilig or

inaptitude. This action is pursuant toPublic Law 216, approved 23 December1943, effective 1 July 1943.

No. 39-Provides that hereafteroath and bond of men nominated for

mail clerks and assistant mail clerkswill be attached to and forwarded withnomination from commanding officerto BuPers.

_ , Y..



Qualifications PublishedFor N e w Ratings

Qualifications are published in theN. D. Bul. (semi-monthly) , of 15 Jan-

uary 1944 for all grades of these re-cently established ratings :

Machinist’s mate G (ind ustr ial gasgeneratin g mechanic).

Sonarmen (former ly soundmen).Qualifications are published in the

N. D. Bul. (semi-monthly) of 31 Jan.1944 for all grades of the recently es-tablished ratin g of Specialist ( F )

(fire Bghters) .

Reserve AviatorsMay Be Transferred

To R e g d a r N a v yCertain Naval Reserve aviators, and

certain officers commissioned in theNaval Reserve upon graduation fromthe Naval Reserve Officers TrainingCorps, may be appointed to commis-sioned rank in the line of the regularNavy under provisions of Circular Let-ter No. 21-44 (N . D. Bul. [semi-monthly] 31 Jan., 44-114).

At the present time, there is noprovision of law by which Reserve of-ficers of other categories are eligiblefor transfer to the regular Navy.

Maternity and Infa nt CareFor Wives and Infants

Of Men in Mil i tary ServiceThe item appearin g on page 65 of

th e INFORMATIONULLETIN,August

1943, under the above title should becorrected as follows:

In line 4 of the last paragraph de-

lete the words “of medicine.”With th e exception of North Dakota

and Puerto Rico, all states, territoriesand the Distr ict of Columbia now have

approved plans in operation in connec-tion with th is program.

Air Gunners M a y

Wear Sleeve InsigniaAfter Graduation

Wear ing of the a ir gunner’s sleeve

insignia, heretofore approved only af-te r proof of proficiency and fitness fo r

flight duty in operational training oractual flight operations, now has beenauthorized for gunners on their grad-uation from the Naval Air Gunners’

Schools at Hollywood, Fla., Jackson-ville, Fla., and Purcell, Okla., and any

of 13 aviation free gunnery unitswithin and outside the United States.

This authorization was contained inCircular Letter No. 28-44 (N. D. Bul.

[semi-monthly] 31 Jan. 44-121).

A-V(S) Of icers NeededFor Air Combat SchoolQualifications for A-V (S) officers of

Refrigerators N oLonger Available

In Ship’s ServiceAllocation of domestic electric re -

frig erat ors to naval personnel throughship’s service departments was can-celled by the War Production Board

without notice to BuP ers on 9 October

1943, he Chief of Naval Personnel ex-plained in Circular Letter No. 35-44dated, 5 February 1944. Efforts byBuPers to obtain rein statement of theallocation have been unsuccessful.

All applications now in BuPers willbe held for a n indefinite period, and, inthe event of any future favorable ac-tion by WPB, will be given every pos-sible consideration. Unt il fu rt he r

notice, however, no further applica-tions will be processed by ship’s servicedepa r tmen ts fo r fo rward ing t o

the-Naval Reserve who seek admission BuPers.

to the Naval Air Combat InformationOfficers’ School, U. S. Naval Air Sta-tion, Quonset Point, R. I., are outlinedin Circular Letter No. 20-44 (N. D.Bul. [semi-monthly] 31 Jan., 44-113).

Until further notice, an increasednumber of suitably qualified A-V (S )officers will be selected from the fleetand from shore establishments fortraining at the school. Requestsshould be submitted to BuPers via theChief of Naval Operat ions and officialchannels.

W a r W o rk er s to SeeNavy Irzvasion Film

Naval personnel maintaining contactwith shipbuilders and other war con-

tractors engaged in producing for theNavy are informed that the fdm,Battle f o r the Beaches, is now avail-able for exhibition before war workers

thro ugho ut the country. The film, fea-turing the heroism of the men whofoug ht and died at Bougainville, Lae,

Guadalcanal, Salerno and Tarawa, wasproduced by the Navy Department In-dustrial Incentive Division.

The fdm is based on actual combat

scenes, many hitherto unrevealed, in

4rticles InvitedTor Insititute Proceedings

Articles from 1,000 o 5,000wordsn length relating to any activitiesIf naval , historical or professionalnterest are being sought by theUnited States Naval Institute forPublication in the U.S. Naval In -

stitute Proceedings.Personal ar tic les of officers o r en-

isted personnel a re invited as much

%s articles relating to professionalir technical development in thenaval or maritime field. Eventhough the aut hor feels his writingstyle would not be acceptable forpublication, he should submit hismaterial without hesitation becausethe staff of the Proceedings willrewrite and edit the material inreadable form. All articles ar e sub-

mitted for security review before

publication.For all such articles,. the NavalInstitute pays upon acceptance atrates varying from 2% to 3% centsper word.

The United States Naval Insti-tute is a non-profit making institu-tion, the sole purpose of which isthe advancement of professional,lit era ry an% scientific knowledge inthe Navy. The Proceedings, pub-lished for almost 70 years, goes to

nearly every ship and shore stationin the Navy, and numbers amongits readers many thousands of offi-

cers and men of the United StatesNavy and its kindred services. e

Articles should be addressed tothe United States Naval Institute,

Annapolis, Md.

Page 6



I 1

Mustering-Out Pay Becomes Law;How (and Whether) to Apply

,

The War and Navy Departmentshave agreed on a plan fo r making mus-tering-out payments to eligible veter-ans of this wa r who have been dis-charged or released from active duty

under honorable conditions since 6 De-cember 1941.

Veterans to be eligible for the mus-tering-out payment must have beenhonorably discharged or released fromactive service on or after 7 December1941, from the Army, Navy, MarineCorps or Coast Guard or one of thecomponents thereof, including thewomen’s reserve in each branch.

Since 6 December 1941, there havebeen approximately 1,300,000 dis-charges or releases from active dutyfrom all of the services.

A bill recently passed by Congress,and which became law when signed bythe Pr esident on 3 February, providesfor payment of $100 to veterans withless than 60 days’ active service; thosewith active service of 60 days o r moreand with no foreign service are en-titled to $200, payable in tw o monthlyinstallments of $100; and veteranswith service of 60 days or more and

who have had foreign service will re-ceive $300, payable in three equalmonthly installments. (INFORMATIONBULLETIN, eb. 1944).

A person who becomes eligible for

mustering-out payment subsequent toapproval of the law will receive suchpayment from the proper department

without the necessity of an application.

A veteran who has been dischargedor relieved from active duty prior toapproval of the law must follow thefollowing procedure:

1. Submit a certificate of dischargeor service. To assure the return

of this certificate, the veteran iscautioned to writ e his present ad-dress on the certificate.

2. Submit an informal type of cer-tified application on which isstated his name and address;service number, serial number orfile number; that he was not dis-charged or released, from active-duty to accept employment, with-

out service outside of the UnitedStates; that he is not now serv-ing on active duty; that he hasnot and will not make any otherapplication fo r the mustering-outpayment; the State of which hewas a resident a t the timeof induction o r enlistment, andwhether he has had foreign ser-

vice.

Page 70

Commissioned officers will be re-quired to fu rni sh evidence of lengthand termination of service to their re-spective departments. Offiders dis-charged from the Navy will make ap-

plication t o the Bureau of Naval Per-sonnel, Navy Department, Washington,

D. C.; officers discharged from theCoast Guard, to U. S. Coast GuardHead quar ters , Washington, D. C.;officers discharged from the MarineCorps, to the Commandant of the Ma-rine Corps, Washington, D. c.

Navy and Coast Guard enlisted vet-erans will be required to file their ap-

plications with the Field Branch,Bureau of Supplies and Accounts,Cleveland, Ohio. Enlisted veterans ofthe Marine Corps will file their applica-tions with the Commandant of theMarine Corps, Washington, D. C.

Certain persons discharged or re-leased from active duty are excludedfrom benefits under the mustering-outpay law. Among these ar e:~ (1) Those who- were not discharged

( 2 ) Those who at the time of discharpeunder honorable conditions.

or release from active duty aretransferred or returned to the re-tired list, with retired pay, or to astatus in which they receive retire-

ment pay.( 3 ) Those discharzed or released fromactive duty on-their own request toaccept employment and have notserved outside the continental limitsof the United States or in Alaska.

( 4 ) Members of the armed forces whosetotal active service has been as astudent detailed for training undercertain specialized or college train-ing programs.Any member of the armed forces forany active service performed priorto date of discharge fo r the purposeof entering the U. S. Naval Academyor the U. S. Coast Guard Academy.Those whose only service has beenas a cadet at the U. S. Coast GuardAcademy or as a miashipman at theU. S.Naval Academy or in a prepar-atory school after nomination as aprincipal. alternate or candidate for

admission to any sbch academy.Any offlcer who at time of dischargeor release’from active service helda grade higher than that of ciptajnin the Marine Corps or lieutenant mthe Navy or Coast Guard or any cap-tain or lieutenant with over 17 years’service for pay purposes.

In the case of any veteran dis-charged under honorable conditions ono r after 7 December 1941, and whodied after leaving the service and be-fore receiving any portion or the full

amount of mustering-out payment t owhich entitled, payment of the amountdue may be made to a surviving wifeo r husband, o r if there is no wife o rhusband; in equal shares to his childor children, if any; and if the veteranleaves no surviving wife, husband, orchild, payment may be made in equalshares to the surviving parents. Inthese cases application should be sub-mitted by letter addressed as follows:If the veteran served in the Navy, t othe Chief of Naval Personnel, NavyDepartment, Washington 25, D. C.; if

the veteran served in the Coast Guard,t o U. S. Coast Guard Headquarters,

Washington 25 , D. C.; if t he veteranserved in the Marine Corps, to theCommandant of the Marine Corps,Washington 25 , D. C.

Penalties are provided by law formaking fa lse claims for mustering-out

Pay.

Scholarship Offered Sons

Of Naval PersomaelThe tru stees of Rensselaer Polytech-

nic Institute, Troy, N. Y., have madeavailable one full four-year tuitionscholarship for the class beginning 1July 1944, o sons of officers, pe tty offi-cers o r non-commissioned officers on theactive or retired lists of the Navy andMarine Corps, sons of deceased per-sonnel of the above categories, and tosons of officers of the Naval Reserve

on active duty. The student selectedwill be awarded free tuition amount-ing t o $1,800 for the full four-yearcourse.

Application blanks for the scholar-ship may be obtained by applying to

the Bureau of Nav al Personnel. Asthis is a very valuable scholarship, allpersonnel interested and qualified to ’



and leadership qualities. Only anexceptional student should be con-sidered and the successful candidatewill be required to maintain ~n av-

erage grade of 85%.“The Institute maintains 12 un-

dergraduate courses leading to theBachelor degree, as follows:’

“Civil Engineering, Electrical En-gineering, Metallurgical Engineer-ing, Physics, Mechanical Engineer-

ing, Chemical Engineering, BusinessAdministration, Biology, Industrial

Engineering, Aeronautical Engineer-ing, Chemistry, Architecture.

“Gra duate courses are also offeredleading to the Masters’ and Doctors’

degrees.

“The scholarship which the trus-tees of this Institute offer is dis-tinctly an honor scholarship and isnot of the usual kind in which anystudent who can get a bare passinggrade continues to be eligible. In

selecting the successful candidate, itis requested that a committee r’epre-sent ing the Bureau of Naval Pe r-sonnel, Yards and Docks, and Ships,be appointed and that they be di-

rected to pay considerable attentionto the things that the candidate has

done outside of the classroom, such

as editorial work, athletics, music,Boy Scout work, etc.”

Scholarships Offered

Daughters of Nava lAcademy Graduates

The principa l of the Ogontz School,Montpi i~eryCounty, Pa., has advisedBuPers that the one full scholarship

of $1,800 and two partial scholar-ships of $900 each, offered by the ti-us-tees of the Ogontz School will be avail-able for the school year beginning inSeptember of this year.

These scholarships are limited todaughters of g raduates of the U. S.Naval Academy on active duty andare not restricted a s to place of resi-dence. The full $1,800 scholarship

represents the full fixed school charges.The partial scholarships of $900 eachrepresent a reduction in the annualcost of tuition and charges at the

school of about one-half the to talcharge.

These scholarships are for the two-year course in the Ogontz Junior Col-

lege, which provides for a course ofstudy containing the essentials of acollege course both in academic and ar-tistic work. The plan of study is

equally adapted to the girl who com-pletes her education at Ogontz. The

courses offered prepare any studentwho attains high standing to enteruniversities and certain specified col-leges with the rank of junior.

There is no entrance examination,but the applicant must be a graduateof an accredited high school o r com-parable secondary school, and while itis specifically prescribed that no selec-

tion by competition is desired or in-tended,- other things being equal, theselection will be given to a girl who

ha s a good scholastic record ratherthan to one with a poor record.

Since it is extremely difficult tojudge the applicants solely on the basisof “paper” records, a personal inter-view of those deemed to have a reason-

ance of selection becomes a veryble element in the making of thection which will undoubtedly be

sa ry if t he judging i s to be done

n equitable basis.ne Commandant of the Eleventhla1 District and the Superintendentthe Naval Academy have each been

3ignated to appoint a board or com-ittee to interview and nominate ap-licants for these scholarships to th eJavy Department where final selec-.Lions will be made after considerationof the detailed recommendations of therespective boards o r committees.

The parents of an y girl desiring tohave their daughter considered forone of these scholarships should apply

t o the Commandant of the Eleventh

Naval District o r to the Superinten-dent of the Naval Academy. The let-

te r of application should contain thefollowing information :

(a) a photograph of the applicant,(b)a letter from the pastor of the

family’s church,(c) a letter from the principal Qf

the high school or secondary schoolfrom which the applicant gra duated,together with an attested statement

of academic record, and(d) such other let ter s of recom-,

mendation as the parents desire to

submit.Applications f w these schohships

must be forwarded in time to reach theSuperintendent, U. . Naval Acadewyt,

or the Commundnnt, Eleventh NavalDistrict, b v 1 May 1944.

DISTRIBUTION of the INFORMATION BULLETINBy BuPers Circular Letter No. 162-43 (appearing as R-1362 in the Navy

pepartment Bulletin of 1 September 1943), he Bureau directed that appro-priate steps be taken to insure that all hands have quick and convenientaccess t o the BuPers INFORMATIONULLETIN, nd indicated that distributionshould be effected on the basis of one copy for each ten officers and enlisted

personnel to accomplish the directive.In most instances, the circulation of the INFORMATIONULLETIN as been

increased in accordance with complement and on-board count statis tics in theBureau, on the basis of one copy for each ten officers and enlisted personnel.Because intra-activity shifts affect the Bureau statistics, and because organ-ization of some activities may require more copies than normally indicatedto effect thorough distribution to all hands, the Bureau invites requests foradditional copies as necessary t o comply with the basic directive. Thismagazine is intended for all hands and commanding officers should takenecessary steps to make it available accordingly.

Normally copies are distributed only to activities on the Standard NavyDistribution List in th e expectation tha t these activiti es will make furtherdistribution as necessary ; where special circumstances warrant sendingdirect to sub-activities, the Bureau should be informed.

The Bureau should be kept informed of changes in the numbers of copies

required; requests received by the 20th of th e month can be effected withthe succeeding issue.

I t is pointed out that the p-o- ra ta distribution does no t allow f w personal

copies, and that if evev magazine is to hare its ten readers, it must bepassed along and not retained fov private u s e .

Page 71



\

&EX FOR W C H 944A i r gunner insignia.................Aircrew insignia ...................

Area service ribbon stars. regulationsArmy-Navy report of Jap cruel ty on

Bataan .......................Aviators. reserve. transfe rs to re

lar Navy .....................AV(S) OfAcers needed for Air Col

bat school ....................Awards of typic al punishments . . . . .Blockade-runners sunk in South A\

lantic ..........................Books. Navy libraries...............Branze star medal authorized. . . . . . .BuMGrS. w ar ex plo its of . . . . . . . . . . . . .Check list for naval personnel .......Civilian Navy employees get emblem .Commandants of 5 naval districts

awarded Legion of Merit ...........Commisslpns in NR. s tand ards modi-

fled .............................Convov attack routed by British.

Alnavs 1 8 -3 9 briefed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

u. s............................Dependents ihformation for . . . . . . . . .Distributioi of BUPERS INFOR.\MT~OS

BULLETIN.......................District commandants awarded Legion

blems ...........................Engagements approved fo r stars on

area service ribbons ..............Enlisted training courses. new naval

aviation .........................Enlistments extended under alnav1 5 5 - 4 3 ..........................

Finding land when you can’t see it . .Fish getting water from . . . . . .F O O ~ rationing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Freighter crew awarded unit citationGasoline rationing . . . . . . . . . .German blockade-

South Atlantic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

new option for .......Guadalcanal how libr aryHalsey. AdAiral. receives Gold StarIncentive division Alms fo r workers ..

tribution of . . . . . . . . . . .

miral .......................J a D tor ture of American. Filipino

6 96 76 86 6

1

4:

26 >

7d\

504 1 ..41 i

66

65

6 42 52 82 4562 4

4 4

4 2

671 84 96 96 92 6

7 16 9

4 0

prisoners ........................ 1 0Kwajalein. conquest of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

m ap ............................ 4pictures ......................... X

Land flnding it witho ut seeing it . . . . 25Legai practice by naval personnel re-

stricted ......................... 6 3Letter to send dependents . . . . . . . . . . . 27Libraries. Navy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 6

1810

description ...................... 7m ap ............................ 5

6 9

admiral ......................... 4 0

pibrary. model at Bremerton . . . . . . .March of Deaih. The.. Bataan reportMarshall Islands. Conquest of

Maternity infant care . . . . . . . . . . . . .McIntire. Ross T.. promoted to vice

Medicine. Navy ...........Minneapolis. repair of ......Moreell. Ben. promoted to

miral ................... iietPrinP.nnt . airmpnt .h.-

. . . . .vice

. . . . ..-...

.. . 2 0

. . . 3 0ad -. . . 4 0...... ~n .

Flight-deck crewmen of a Navy aircraft car-

rier watch a Hellcat fighter. waved off as it

came in for a landing. climb to circle for

another approach. The picture was taken

during a strike into the Jap-held Marshalls

shortly before our amphibious attack (storyon page 5 ). NSIDE FRONT COVER: Lateafternoon sun highlights a U.S. battleship of

the 35.000.ton South Dakota class as seen

from i t s teammate. a carrier of the 25.000.

ton Essex class. on a task-force mission in

the Central Pacific. OPPOSITE PAGE: U.S.

troops go over the side of a Coast Guard-

manned combat transport to enter landing

craft for the invasion of Empress Augusta

Bay. Bougainville. (Cover and inside front

cover. Official U.S. Navy photographs; op-

posite page. Official US. Coast Guard

photograph.)

Oflenses ag ai ns t nav al discipline. typi-cal punishments for .............. 6 4

Officers. effort to effect rotation of ... 6 4Ogontz School scholarship ........... 7 1Operations approved fo r stars on area

service ribbans .................. 66Option. new. for U. S. Government

Life Insurance .................. 67Paciflc. map of .....................Precedence. regular navy has over

reserve .........................Prisoners. Jap cruelty to on BataanProceedings. U. S. Naval Institute.

articles for .......................Punishments awarded fo r typical of-

2

6 710

6 9fenses ........................... 6 4

Purple Heart rules liberalized ....... 6 3Qualiflcations for ratings of Ma-

chinist‘s mat e G. Sonarman. Special-is t (F ) ......................... 6 9

Rnrrger zp5s exploits of . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4Ratings’. ne& specialty marks fo r ..... 6 5Rationing. provisions for naval per-

sonnel .......................... 2 4Reading for Fun in Navy libraries . . 1 6Refrigerators from Ships Service.... 6 9Regulations an Area Service Ribbon

stars ........................... 66Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

scholarship ...................... 7 0Repair of ildiltnenpolis, New Orleans 3 0Reserve aviators transfer to regular

Navy ...........................Roi Island. conquest of.............Rotation of offlcers being a ttemp ted ..ScholarshiDs offered Onontz School. .Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. . .Sea water. don’t drink . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Service ribbon stars. area. regulationsShip surgery saves ships ............Shoes rationing ....................Specialty Marks. new designations . . .Spruance. Admiral Raymond A. led

Marshalls attack . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .promoted to admiral . I. . . . . . . . . . . .

Standards modifled for NR commis-sions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Stars authorized for area service rib-bons ............................

States. voting in. instructions . . . . . . .Stratton, Dorothy C., promotion to

Captain. CGWR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Streeter. Ruth Cheney. promotion to

Colonel. MCWR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Surgery. Navy .....................Survival. how to manage water . . . . . .Torture ‘of prisoners by Japs . . . . . . . .Towers. Vice Admiral John H., be-

comes Deputy Commander-in-Chiefof Paciflc Ocean Areas . . . . . . . . . . . .

Truk attacked .....................U.hoats. bombers routed in convoy

at tack ..........................Uniform Regulatians return of books

6 95

6 4

7 1702 86 63 12 46 5

57

6 3

6 66 1

3 8

3 8202 810

4 02

4 2

asked ........................... 67Unit citation awarded freighter crew 5 6U. S. Government Life Insurance.

fourth option for . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67us8 Minwapolzs. repair of .......... 3 0uss New Orleans. repair of . . . . . . . . . . 30vs s Ranger exploits of . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4Vinson. R e i. Carl. unveiling of por-

t ra i t ............................ 4 0Voting in states instruction on . . . . . . 6 1Water from flsh’ sea. don’t drink .... 2 8Winning the Wir. editorial.......... 3 6Womens Reserve. slacks for......... 67

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All Hands Naval Bulletin - Mar 1944