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Alexandria Digital Earth Prototype(ADEPT)
CDL NPACI
InterLib
ADEPT
ADL
digital library services in support of learningdigital library services in support of learning
Alexandria Digital Library
2Terry Smith • NSF reverse site visit • 13-Jan-1999
Outline
Introduction & overview a motivating example
The Digital Earth metaphor Necessary basis: the Alexandria Digital Library ADEPT
geo-information services Iscape creation & use architecture & scalability learning services & evaluation
Management & budget Review issues & responses Deliverables
Alexandria Digital Library
3Terry Smith • NSF reverse site visit • 13-Jan-1999
Who we are
UCSB Alexandria Digital Library Davidson Library and Map & Imagery Laboratory Computer Science, Electrical & Computer Engineering,
Geography, and Psychology departments Instructional Development
UCLA University of Georgia CDL & SDSC (NPACI partners) InterLib and other university partners Public sector (federal & state government) and
private sector partners
Alexandria Digital Library
4Terry Smith • NSF reverse site visit • 13-Jan-1999
Summary overview Two phases in ADL’s development:
DLI-1: access to libraries of useful collections DLI-2: integration & use of accessible information
– beyond the library metaphor
Operational ADL: a necessary basis for information use Initial applications of ADEPT services:
undergraduate learning in classrooms/studies/libraries emergency response, virtual museums & stores, digital
government Internet-accessible information as models of the world
Digital Earth metaphor for access and presentation Iscape concept for organization and use of information
Alexandria Digital Library
5Terry Smith • NSF reverse site visit • 13-Jan-1999
Example: a class on flood management Instructor prepares class material
discovers relevant information constructs meta-information for joint resource use
– compatibility of datasets and simulation models integrates information into Iscapes (virtual DLs)
Instructor & students interact using Iscapes request simulations with different datasets/parameters
Students use ADEPT in group & private study situations group discovery, access, organization, use support of information life cycle
ADEPT in a learning environment
3.1412.718
Alexandria Digital Library
6Terry Smith • NSF reverse site visit • 13-Jan-1999
Outline Introduction & overview
a motivating example The Digital Earth metaphor Necessary basis: the Alexandria Digital Library ADEPT
geo-information services Iscape creation & use architecture & scalability learning services & evaluation
Management & budget Review issues & responses Deliverables
Alexandria Digital Library
7Terry Smith • NSF reverse site visit • 13-Jan-1999
The Digital Earth metaphor
Learning about the Earth information processes scenarios
The organizational metaphor desktop, office, workbench Earth itself
– immersion– dynamics
Alexandria Digital Library
8Terry Smith • NSF reverse site visit • 13-Jan-1999
Digital Earth background
The Gore speech exploring the Earth’s environments physical and social
NASA the sunlit Earth immersive environment workshops
Organizing information by place what do you have about there? USGS Gateway to the Earth NRC Distributed Geolibraries
Alexandria Digital Library
9Terry Smith • NSF reverse site visit • 13-Jan-1999
Alexandria Digital Library
10
Terry Smith • NSF reverse site visit • 13-Jan-1999
Alexandria Digital Library
11
Terry Smith • NSF reverse site visit • 13-Jan-1999
Alexandria Digital Library
12
Terry Smith • NSF reverse site visit • 13-Jan-1999
Alexandria Digital Library
13
Terry Smith • NSF reverse site visit • 13-Jan-1999
ADEPT and simulation
Understanding Earth processes social and physical ADL data are static
– boundary conditions for simulation– exploration of dynamic scenarios
GIS technology is static– links to the Utrecht group, Peter Burrough
two short demonstrations– diffusion– tectonic
Alexandria Digital Library
14
Terry Smith • NSF reverse site visit • 13-Jan-1999
Three probabilities for dispersion
Probability of individual reaching a given distance from the parent
Probability that habitat permits individual to establish
Probability that individual produces new offspring
Alexandria Digital Library
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Terry Smith • NSF reverse site visit • 13-Jan-1999
Simple dispersion functions
Probability of establishment
Alexandria Digital Library
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Terry Smith • NSF reverse site visit • 13-Jan-1999
diffusion
Example of diffusion modeling
Dispersion of individuals over a space in which the resistance to movement is variable individuals need to work together to colonize new areas
Alexandria Digital Library
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Terry Smith • NSF reverse site visit • 13-Jan-1999
Modeling uplift in Sabah, Malaysia (1/3)
Alexandria Digital Library
18
Terry Smith • NSF reverse site visit • 13-Jan-1999
Modeling uplift in Sabah, Malaysia (2/3)
Faults
RelativeRelative vertical vertical displacementdisplacement
SedimentSediment
Over a period of several million years, movement along the faults has created long, sediment-filled valleys
Alexandria Digital Library
19
Terry Smith • NSF reverse site visit • 13-Jan-1999
tectonics
Modeling uplift in Sabah, Malaysia (3/3)
The demo illustrates: a simplified model of normal faults and landform before
uplift reaction of landform to gradual vertical displacement along
the parallel normal faults erosion and deposition as a result of vertical movements
(red is erosion, blue is deposition) emergent behaviour of rivers leading to development of
braided streams
Alexandria Digital Library
20
Terry Smith • NSF reverse site visit • 13-Jan-1999
Outline Introduction & overview
a motivating example The Digital Earth metaphor Necessary basis: the Alexandria Digital Library ADEPT
geo-information services Iscape creation & use architecture & scalability learning services & evaluation
Management & budget Review issues & responses Deliverables
Alexandria Digital Library
21
Terry Smith • NSF reverse site visit • 13-Jan-1999
ADL overview Operational digital library
located within UCSB’s Map and Imagery Laboratory– staff of “digital librarians” and systems personnel
three-tier architecture– Java client– Java middleware– heterogeneous databases
under continuous development– separately funded– interfaces, workspaces, collections, catalogs, gazetteers
planned incorporation into CDL Research testbed
advanced interface, geospatial processing & database services
Alexandria Digital Library
22
Terry Smith • NSF reverse site visit • 13-Jan-1999
ADL user interface
Alexandria Digital Library
23
Terry Smith • NSF reverse site visit • 13-Jan-1999
ADL architecture
Alexandria Digital Library
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Terry Smith • NSF reverse site visit • 13-Jan-1999
ADL: new and ongoing activities
CDL NPACI D-Lib Test Suite GeoWorlds NASA/ESDIS Prototyping Program University of Aberdeen, Scotland Digital Gazetteer Information Exchange (DGIE) Nanyang Technological University, Singapore Neural network analysis of user/use data Utrecht University GIS group New interactions being developed
Alexandria Digital Library
25
Terry Smith • NSF reverse site visit • 13-Jan-1999
Outline Introduction & overview
a motivating example The Digital Earth metaphor Necessary basis: the Alexandria Digital Library ADEPT
geo-information services Iscape creation & use architecture & scalability learning services & evaluation
Management & budget Review issues & responses Deliverables
Alexandria Digital Library
26
Terry Smith • NSF reverse site visit • 13-Jan-1999
ADEPT services
discovery
collection building
search
collaborativeinteraction
information use andprocedure application
geo-information
Iscape construction
Alexandria Digital Library
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Terry Smith • NSF reverse site visit • 13-Jan-1999
ADEPT geo-information services (1/2)
Symbolic & textual information gazetteer (named places geographic coordinates)
– mappings between representations– reasoning about relations between representations
geo-ontology (vocabularies)– domain-specific (e.g., geospatial)– domain-independent (e.g., syntax)
thesaurus (hierarchical vocabularies & synonyms)– geographic terms and feature types– visual synonyms (e.g., texture and color)
Alexandria Digital Library
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Terry Smith • NSF reverse site visit • 13-Jan-1999
ADEPT geo-information services (2/2)
Visual information indexing the surface of the Earth
– smooth zoom from 10km to 1m integration and conflation
– merge, overlay, analyze multiple datasets datum and projection
– everything referenced to curved (not flat) Earth surface level-of-detail
– varies with focus and resolution of field-of-view
Integration of symbolic, textual & visual information
Alexandria Digital Library
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Terry Smith • NSF reverse site visit • 13-Jan-1999
ADEPT Iscapes
Distributed information resources
Information landscapes (Iscapes)
Visualization of Iscapes and resources
Distributed meta-information resources
Alexandria Digital Library
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Terry Smith • NSF reverse site visit • 13-Jan-1999
ADEPT Iscapes: construction & use (1/4)
Distributed, heterogeneous information resources
3.141592.71828
3.141592.71828
3.141592.71828
Alexandria Digital Library
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Terry Smith • NSF reverse site visit • 13-Jan-1999
ADEPT Iscapes: construction & use (2/4)
Discovery of relevant information
3.141592.71828
3.141592.71828
3.141592.71828
search & collect
Alexandria Digital Library
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Terry Smith • NSF reverse site visit • 13-Jan-1999
ADEPT Iscapes: construction & use (3/4)
Extraction of meta-information enabling joint use
3.141592.71828
3.141592.71828
3.141592.71828
extract & organize
Alexandria Digital Library
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Terry Smith • NSF reverse site visit • 13-Jan-1999
ADEPT Iscapes: construction & use (4/4)
Visualization & use of information in Iscapes
3.141592.71828
3.141592.71828
visualize & use
Alexandria Digital Library
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Terry Smith • NSF reverse site visit • 13-Jan-1999
ADEPT Iscapes: creation
Extraction of metadata from multi-modal information– segmentation and classification methods for search and retrieval
Models for describing heterogeneous repositories– semantic interoperability– procedures
Resource discovery using a multi-level approach– classification-based, multi-modal data
Distributed collaboration for building Iscapes– process coordination– cooperative workspaces
Alexandria Digital Library
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Terry Smith • NSF reverse site visit • 13-Jan-1999
ADEPT Iscapes: use
Dynamic generation of query plans– supporting meta-information schema evolution
Incremental query support– non-traditional data types and investigating Iscape consistency
Supporting flexible method application– geographically distributed servers– framework for transparent distributed access to objects
Visualizing Iscapes using the Digital Earth metaphor– supporting collaborative interactions
Alexandria Digital Library
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Terry Smith • NSF reverse site visit • 13-Jan-1999
ADEPT architecture
Holding Holding Holding Holding
VCAT CAT CAT GAZ
ClientRequestBroker
CoreGeo
Services
Catalogand
CollectionBuildingServices
SearchServices
DiscoveryServices
Procedures CollaborationServices
Visualize
Alexandria Digital Library
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Terry Smith • NSF reverse site visit • 13-Jan-1999
ADEPT scalability
Active Disks: scalable architecture for large datasets– processor and memory integrated into disk unit
Coordinated server clusters– strategies to minimize response time and maximize reliability
Market mechanisms– controlling scheduling and load balancing with market-place model
Efficient access and index structures– scalable techniques for improved spatial, image and text indexing
Archiving and preservation– symmetric multi-level storage & caching in heterogeneous systems
Secure areas of computation– smart-card authentication to control user access and privileges
Alexandria Digital Library
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Terry Smith • NSF reverse site visit • 13-Jan-1999
ADEPT application to learning
Initial application & evaluation of ADEPT undergraduate settings integrated with instructional development in science &
humanities classrooms at UCSB & UCLA extension to other environments (e.g., K–12)
Investigate: mental models (longitudinal studies)
– changes in users’ mental models of the system– do successful users develop different mental models
from unsuccessful users? performance with different interfaces (instructional studies)
– effect of the Digital Earth metaphor on users’ mental models?
outcomes in entire, real classrooms
Alexandria Digital Library
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Terry Smith • NSF reverse site visit • 13-Jan-1999
ADEPT evaluation approach
Assess: before/after mental models
– students will be asked to, e.g.: solve benchmark problem tasks predict results of sequence of user commands
student perceptions of how system functions Identify:
common misconceptions of the system systemic changes in users’ mental models while using
ADEPT design principles for improving interface metaphors ADEPT features that do/do not work in real classrooms
Alexandria Digital Library
40
Terry Smith • NSF reverse site visit • 13-Jan-1999
Outline
Introduction & overview a motivating example
The Digital Earth metaphor Necessary basis: the Alexandria Digital Library ADEPT
geo-information services Iscape creation & use architecture & scalability learning services & evaluation
Management & budget Review issues & responses Deliverables
Alexandria Digital Library
41
Terry Smith • NSF reverse site visit • 13-Jan-1999
Project organization
ADEPT
CDL
UCB
Stanford
SDSC
ADL Research Project Staffand Executive Committee
ADL Funded
Larry CarverMike FreestonNathan Freitas
Jim FrewMike Goodchild
Linda HillGreg Janee
Kevin LovetteMelissa Mullen
Terry SmithQi Zheng
ADL Operational LibraryU.C. Funded
Personnel
Administration (2 FTE)Systems - Networking (2)Database Maintence (1)Data Prep & Loading (2)
Cataloging (3)Patron Service (3)
Terry Smith - UCSBMike Goodchild - UCSB
A. Achrya - UCSBD. Agrawal - UCSBC. Borgman - UCLAL. Carver - UCSBJ. Frew - UCSB
R. Moore - UCSDR. Nideffer - UCI
A. Sheth - U of Georgia
Executive Committee
To be selected
Advisory Board
Greg JanéeQi ZhengLinda Hill
Kevin LovetteNathan FreitasMike Freeston
Prototype Team
Core geo-services - M. GoodchildIscape development - D. AgrawalSemantic interoperability & collaboration - A. ShethPresentation services development - R. NidefferSystems development - A. AgrawalPrototype development - J. FrewCollections development - L. CarverEvaluation & usability - C. BorgmanInterLib coordination - G. Janée
Research & Development Team Leaders
Research and Implementation Team
Alexandria Digital Library
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Terry Smith • NSF reverse site visit • 13-Jan-1999
Research plan (1/2)
Area Year I Year II Year III Year IV Year VGeospatial
informationservices
Indexing &gazetteer
Open GISintegration
Data conflationDatum & projection
Conflation &integration
Level-of-detailOntology services
User-centeredlevel-of-detail
Intellectual property& privacy
Evaluation andintegration
Iscapeconstructionservices
Language modelSystem modelPrototype supportVisual thesauriResource discovery
Domain-specificontologies
Languageimplementation
Semanticinteroperability
Multimediametadataextraction
Database supportIscape manipulationCollaboration
models
Multidimensionaldata models
Pattern discovery
Final prototypeEvaluation
Iscape use &visualization
Desktop UIResult visualizationCollaborative
explorationMobile objects
Handheld UIPersonalized
visualizationDistributed
collaboration
Immersive UI2
nd prototype
Platforminteroperability
Query plansIncremental queries
Distributedclassrooms
Applications outsideADEPT
Publish APIs3
rd prototype
Systemsscalability
Active Disks (AD)Server architectureBidding designSAC designScalable indexing
AD performanceDynamic serversStorage designDistance-metric
indicesSAC
implementation
AD safetySMP clustersBidding
implementationSAC evaluationSimilarity joins
AD integrationCaching & fault
toleranceTraffic monitoringContent-based
attributes
AD evolutionWAN task
schedulingIntegration and
evaluation
Learningevaluation
Needs analysisUsability study
designWorking prototype
test
Usability & learning evaluationInstruction & learning outcomes in geography, humanities &
social sciencesMajor design revisionsUsability & evaluation studies
Cumulativeevaluation
Analysis & writing
Alexandria Digital Library
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Terry Smith • NSF reverse site visit • 13-Jan-1999
Research plan (2/2)
Iterative development sequence of prototypes iterative incorporation of learning evaluation results
First year activity initial prototype within 9 months DL interface to Utrecht models incorporation into UCSB Geography courses
– virtual field course designing for courses in other departments
Alexandria Digital Library
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Terry Smith • NSF reverse site visit • 13-Jan-1999
InterLib research foci
InstitutionsThrust TopicUCB UCSB Stanford SDSC CDL
Access x xCollaboration x x
User
Presentation x x xAnalysis for access x x xCollection development x x
Collections
Collection management x xInteroperability protocols xArchitecture x x xPerformance x x x
Systems
Security x x xCommunication models x xPricing models x x
Social,economic
Educational strategies x x xFor education x xOf user services x
Evaluationmethodology
Situated understanding xInteroperability x x x x xEvaluation x x x x x
Testbed
Management x x
Alexandria Digital Library
45
Terry Smith • NSF reverse site visit • 13-Jan-1999
Budget reduction scenarios
10% option 1: reduce activity in 5th year option 2: scale back all aspects of project
20% option 1: delete 5th year & reschedule goals option 2: curtail InterLib technology transfer component;
reduce activity of university partners; scale back various aspects of project
40% reduce/eliminate major dimensions of the project original project goals will be impossible to achieve
Alexandria Digital Library
46
Terry Smith • NSF reverse site visit • 13-Jan-1999
Outline Introduction & overview
a motivating example The Digital Earth metaphor Necessary basis: the Alexandria Digital Library ADEPT
geo-information services Iscape creation & use architecture & scalability learning services & evaluation
Management & budget Review issues & responses Deliverables
Alexandria Digital Library
47
Terry Smith • NSF reverse site visit • 13-Jan-1999
Review issues & responses (1/2)
Project goal issues overly ambitious?
– ADL was ambitious, but achieved more than proposed Iscapes too complex?
– University of Georgia has developed basis undergraduate education only?
– extension to K–12 (SUNDIAL)
Conceptual issues Digital Earth metaphor?
– explained above clientele’s geographic ignorance?
– this is a continuing research area separability from InterLib?
– ADEPT is standalone, but stronger with InterLib
Alexandria Digital Library
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Terry Smith • NSF reverse site visit • 13-Jan-1999
Review issues & responses (2/2)
Team and experience issues GIS processing experience?
– NCGIA, DLI-1, Dutch GIS group archival experience?
– SDSC, UCLA interactions with Microsoft?
– past successful partnership
System issues collection building?
– underway in DLI-1; will extend single system?
– set of integrable tools construction strategy?
– iterative development, as in DLI-1
Alexandria Digital Library
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Terry Smith • NSF reverse site visit • 13-Jan-1999
Deliverables
Research results papers & presentations research testbed
– available to other researchers as well
Sequence of prototype systems tools for discovery, access, organization, visualization, use integrated, running systems at UCSB, UCLA, CDL, SDSC,… application & evaluation in classroom settings extensive collections
Software available for distribution (as is ADL under DLI-1)
Educational infrastructure