Agricultural Mechanics Unit 1 Orientation and General Safety

Agricultural Agricultural MechanicsMechanics

Unit 1Unit 1

Orientation and General Orientation and General SafetySafety

Agricultural Agricultural Mechanics – Areas of Mechanics – Areas of

ConcernConcern

Agricultural Mechanics – Areas Agricultural Mechanics – Areas of Concernof Concern

Agricultural Mechanics Skills – This Agricultural Mechanics Skills – This includes areas such as selection, includes areas such as selection, sharpening, care, and correct use of sharpening, care, and correct use of shop tools and equipment; woodwork shop tools and equipment; woodwork and simple carpentry; sheet metal and simple carpentry; sheet metal work; elementary forge work; electric work; elementary forge work; electric arc and Oxyacetylene welding; pipe arc and Oxyacetylene welding; pipe fitting; simple plumbing repairs; and fitting; simple plumbing repairs; and rope work.rope work.


Agricultural Power and Machinery – Agricultural Power and Machinery – This includes selection, management, This includes selection, management, adjustment, operation, maintenance, adjustment, operation, maintenance, and repair (excluding major repair and repair (excluding major repair requiring specialized equipment and requiring specialized equipment and services) of engines, trucks, tractors, services) of engines, trucks, tractors, trailers, and machinery used in trailers, and machinery used in farming and agriculturally-oriented farming and agriculturally-oriented businesses and services.businesses and services.


Agricultural Electrical Power and Agricultural Electrical Power and Processing – This includes utilization Processing – This includes utilization of electricity in the home and in of electricity in the home and in productive enterprises and selection, productive enterprises and selection, installation, operation, and installation, operation, and maintenance of electrical equipment.maintenance of electrical equipment.


Agricultural Structures – This Agricultural Structures – This includes elementary scale drawing includes elementary scale drawing and plan reading; farmstead layout; and plan reading; farmstead layout; functional requirements of houses, functional requirements of houses, shelters, and storages; water shelters, and storages; water systems; and septic tanks and systems; and septic tanks and sewage disposals.sewage disposals.


Soil and Water Management – This Soil and Water Management – This includes elementary leveling; land includes elementary leveling; land measurement and mapping; measurement and mapping; drainage; irrigation; terracing; and drainage; irrigation; terracing; and contouring.contouring.

Importance of Agricultural Importance of Agricultural Mechanics Instruction to the Mechanics Instruction to the

Agricultural IndustryAgricultural Industry Most agricultural work involves some type Most agricultural work involves some type

of mechanical activityof mechanical activity Approximately 85% of machinery in Approximately 85% of machinery in

operation is out of adjustmentoperation is out of adjustment Student must be able to service and Student must be able to service and

maintain all equipment usedmaintain all equipment used The investment in equipment is a The investment in equipment is a

considerable portion of the capital considerable portion of the capital investmentinvestment

Students should be able to recognize when Students should be able to recognize when expert mechanical assistance is neededexpert mechanical assistance is needed

Advantages of Training in Advantages of Training in Agricultural Mechanics SkillsAgricultural Mechanics Skills

Aids students in discovering mechanical Aids students in discovering mechanical aptitudesaptitudes

Trains students in basic skills needed on Trains students in basic skills needed on the farm and for related agricultural the farm and for related agricultural industriesindustries

Prepares students for future training in Prepares students for future training in mechanicsmechanics

Prepares students for entry into job Prepares students for entry into job opportunities after high schoolopportunities after high school

Assists students in maintaining and Assists students in maintaining and repairing their own equipmentrepairing their own equipment

Rules for Keeping an Rules for Keeping an Orderly and Safe Orderly and Safe

ShopShop

Rules for Keeping an Orderly Rules for Keeping an Orderly and Safe Shopand Safe Shop

Store equipment being repaired or Store equipment being repaired or constructed in an orderly fashion at constructed in an orderly fashion at the end of the work periodthe end of the work period

Clean and store tools, helmets, and Clean and store tools, helmets, and goggles in their proper place at the goggles in their proper place at the end of the work periodend of the work period

Report broken tools and equipment Report broken tools and equipment the teacherthe teacher

Place oily rags in covered cansPlace oily rags in covered cans


Turn off all arc welders when a job is Turn off all arc welders when a job is donedone

Shut off oxyacetylene welding outfits Shut off oxyacetylene welding outfits at cylinders, drain hoses, close at cylinders, drain hoses, close oxygen and acetylene blow pipe oxygen and acetylene blow pipe valves, clean welding tables and valves, clean welding tables and restore rods to the holders at the restore rods to the holders at the close of the work periodclose of the work period


Be responsible for the area or station Be responsible for the area or station assigned to youassigned to you

Clean all benches, tables, and the Clean all benches, tables, and the floor at the end of work periodfloor at the end of work period

Keep tools and equipment in their Keep tools and equipment in their proper placesproper places

Do not scuffle or join in horseplay in Do not scuffle or join in horseplay in the laboratorythe laboratory

Do not run in the laboratoryDo not run in the laboratory


Make sure that all electrical equipment Make sure that all electrical equipment is turned off at the end of the dayis turned off at the end of the day

Use tools for their specific purpose onlyUse tools for their specific purpose only Supply all visitors with eye protection Supply all visitors with eye protection

upon entering the laboratoryupon entering the laboratory Store personal property, including Store personal property, including

project property, in designated project property, in designated locationslocations

Check all clothes before returning them Check all clothes before returning them to lockers after class timeto lockers after class time


Be aware of the injury to others when Be aware of the injury to others when you are doing a task that might affect you are doing a task that might affect them – this is particularly important them – this is particularly important when children are around. Children when children are around. Children will watch an arc welder, for example, will watch an arc welder, for example, out of curiosity.out of curiosity.

Keep work areas cleanKeep work areas clean Do not use equipment unless Do not use equipment unless

instructed in its safety and useinstructed in its safety and use


Report all accidents to the instructor Report all accidents to the instructor as soon as they happenas soon as they happen

Wear clean, protective clothing while Wear clean, protective clothing while in the laboratory area that is:in the laboratory area that is:– Free from flammable materialsFree from flammable materials– Relatively close-fitting but allowing free Relatively close-fitting but allowing free

movementmovement


Wear appropriate eye and face Wear appropriate eye and face protectionprotection

Wear protective hearing devices Wear protective hearing devices where applicablewhere applicable

Wear proper footwear – example, Wear proper footwear – example, boots when weldingboots when welding

Contain long hair from equipment Contain long hair from equipment and materialsand materials


Know the proper positioning in which Know the proper positioning in which to operate all equipment in the to operate all equipment in the laboratorylaboratory

Keep the air safe by providing Keep the air safe by providing adequate ventilation when welding, adequate ventilation when welding, painting, etc.painting, etc.

Remove all jewelry when working in Remove all jewelry when working in the laboratorythe laboratory

Think safety at all timesThink safety at all times

Purposes of the Purposes of the Safety Color CodeSafety Color Code

Purposes of the Safety Color Purposes of the Safety Color CodeCode

Reduces glare by diffusing sufficient Reduces glare by diffusing sufficient light for better vision throughout the light for better vision throughout the shopshop

Reduces eyestrain, tension, and Reduces eyestrain, tension, and fatigue by “setting off” material from fatigue by “setting off” material from machines and work areasmachines and work areas

Promotes better housekeeping by Promotes better housekeeping by providing a more pleasing providing a more pleasing environmentenvironment


Green – Applied to non-critical parts of Green – Applied to non-critical parts of equipment and machined surfaces, equipment and machined surfaces, nameplates and bearing surfaces; used nameplates and bearing surfaces; used to designate the location of safety and to designate the location of safety and first aid equipmentfirst aid equipment

Yellow – Applied to operating levers, Yellow – Applied to operating levers, wheels, handles, and hazardous areas wheels, handles, and hazardous areas which may cause stumbling, falling, or which may cause stumbling, falling, or tripping; used to designate cautiontripping; used to designate caution


Orange – Applied to electrical Orange – Applied to electrical switches, interior surfaces of doors, switches, interior surfaces of doors, on fuse and electrical power boxes, on fuse and electrical power boxes, movable guards and parts, inside of movable guards and parts, inside of non-movable guards, traffic lanes, non-movable guards, traffic lanes, and overhead hazards; used to and overhead hazards; used to designate dangerous parts of designate dangerous parts of equipment which may cut, crush, equipment which may cut, crush, shock or otherwise injureshock or otherwise injure


Red – The physical color associated Red – The physical color associated with fire. Used to identify the location with fire. Used to identify the location of fire fighting equipment, of fire fighting equipment, emergency fire exits, and buttons or emergency fire exits, and buttons or levers for electrical switches used for levers for electrical switches used for the stopping of machinery. Gasoline the stopping of machinery. Gasoline cans should be painted red with cans should be painted red with additional identification in the form additional identification in the form of a yellow band around the can.of a yellow band around the can.


Blue – Used as the basic color for Blue – Used as the basic color for designating caution against starting designating caution against starting equipment while it is being worked equipment while it is being worked on or against the use of defective on or against the use of defective equipment. Example, a blue tag equipment. Example, a blue tag should be attached to defective should be attached to defective equipment stating “Out of Order”equipment stating “Out of Order”


Ivory – Can be applied to table edges, Ivory – Can be applied to table edges, vice jaws, and edges of tool rests to vice jaws, and edges of tool rests to reflect light and “show the way”reflect light and “show the way”

Aluminum – Also unpainted steel – Aluminum – Also unpainted steel – Can be applied to tops of tables and Can be applied to tops of tables and work areas to provide contrast with work areas to provide contrast with workwork

Nebraska Rules Nebraska Rules Regarding Eye and Face Regarding Eye and Face

ProtectionProtection

These rules can become more These rules can become more specific as new laws are specific as new laws are passed – check current passed – check current

regulationsregulations

Nebraska Rules Regarding Eye Nebraska Rules Regarding Eye and Face Protectionand Face Protection

Protective eye and face equipment Protective eye and face equipment shall be required when there is a shall be required when there is a reasonable probability of injury that reasonable probability of injury that can be prevented by such equipmentcan be prevented by such equipment

No unprotected person shall No unprotected person shall knowingly be subjected to a knowingly be subjected to a hazardous environmental condition – hazardous environmental condition – protects student, teacher, and others protects student, teacher, and others observing work.observing work.


Suitable eye protectors shall be provided Suitable eye protectors shall be provided where machines or operations present the where machines or operations present the hazard of the following:hazard of the following:– Hot molten metals or other molten materialsHot molten metals or other molten materials– Milling, sawing, turning, shaping, cutting, Milling, sawing, turning, shaping, cutting,

grinding, or stamping of any solid materialsgrinding, or stamping of any solid materials– Heat treatment, tempering or kiln firing of any Heat treatment, tempering or kiln firing of any

metal or other materialsmetal or other materials– Gas or electric arc welding or other forms of Gas or electric arc welding or other forms of

welding processeswelding processes– Repair or servicing of any vehicle where there Repair or servicing of any vehicle where there

is danger of injury to the eyes is danger of injury to the eyes – Caustic or explosive materialsCaustic or explosive materials


Eye and face protection shall meet Eye and face protection shall meet the American National Standards for the American National Standards for Occupational and Educational Eye Occupational and Educational Eye and Face Protectionand Face Protection

Components Components Necessary for A Fire Necessary for A Fire

to Occurto Occur

Components Necessary for A Components Necessary for A Fire to OccurFire to Occur

FuelFuel OxygenOxygen HeatHeat To produce fire, these three To produce fire, these three

elements are necessary and must be elements are necessary and must be present at the same time. If any one present at the same time. If any one of the three is missing, a fire cannot of the three is missing, a fire cannot be started, or with the removal of be started, or with the removal of any one of the three, the fire will be any one of the three, the fire will be extinguishedextinguished

Classes of FiresClasses of Fires


Class A – Fires that occur in ordinary Class A – Fires that occur in ordinary combustible materials; examples: combustible materials; examples: woods, rags, and rubbishwoods, rags, and rubbish

Class B – Fires that occur with Class B – Fires that occur with flammable liquids; examples: flammable liquids; examples: gasoline, oil, grease, paints, and gasoline, oil, grease, paints, and thinnersthinners


Class C – Fires that occur in or near Class C – Fires that occur in or near electrical equipment; examples: electrical equipment; examples: motors, switchboards, and electrical motors, switchboards, and electrical wiringwiring

Class D – Fires that occur with Class D – Fires that occur with combustible metals; example: combustible metals; example: magnesiummagnesium

Types of Fire Types of Fire ExtinguishersExtinguishers

Types of Fire ExtinguishersTypes of Fire Extinguishers

Pressurized Water – Used on Class A Pressurized Water – Used on Class A fires. This type of fire extinguisher is fires. This type of fire extinguisher is usually operated by squeezing a handle usually operated by squeezing a handle or trigger.or trigger.

Soda Acid – Used on Class A fires. This Soda Acid – Used on Class A fires. This type of fire extinguisher is operated by type of fire extinguisher is operated by turning the extinguisher upside down.turning the extinguisher upside down.

Carbon Dioxide (COCarbon Dioxide (CO22) – Used on Class B ) – Used on Class B and C fires. This type is usually operated and C fires. This type is usually operated by squeezing a handle or a trigger.by squeezing a handle or a trigger.

Types of Fire ExtinguishersTypes of Fire Extinguishers

Dry Chemical – Used on Class B, C, Dry Chemical – Used on Class B, C, and D Fires. This type is usually and D Fires. This type is usually operated by squeezing a handle, operated by squeezing a handle, trigger, or lever.trigger, or lever.

Foam – Used on Class A and B fires. Foam – Used on Class A and B fires. This type is operated by turning the This type is operated by turning the extinguisher upside down.extinguisher upside down.

Sources of Electrical Sources of Electrical Defects in EquipmentDefects in Equipment

Sources of Electrical Defects in Sources of Electrical Defects in EquipmentEquipment

Ground wire missing, broken, Ground wire missing, broken, improperly connected or not improperly connected or not connected at all.connected at all.– CAUTION: Never remove ground prong on CAUTION: Never remove ground prong on

equipment cordsequipment cords Open conduits; switch boxes damaged Open conduits; switch boxes damaged

or worn.or worn. Worn, wet, or oily insulation causing Worn, wet, or oily insulation causing

short circuits.short circuits.

Sources of Electrical Defects in Sources of Electrical Defects in EquipmentEquipment

Defective switches, receptacles, Defective switches, receptacles, extension, or lamp cords and lamp extension, or lamp cords and lamp sockets.sockets.

Dirty, improperly adjusted electrical Dirty, improperly adjusted electrical equipment.equipment.

Loose, vibrating machine parts which Loose, vibrating machine parts which might cause a short circuit.might cause a short circuit.

Cracked insulation; bare or exposed Cracked insulation; bare or exposed wires.wires.

Types of Circuit Types of Circuit Protection DevicesProtection Devices

Types of Circuit Protection Types of Circuit Protection DevicesDevices

FusesFuses– BladeBlade– CartridgeCartridge– PlugPlug

Edison BaseEdison Base Type SType S

– AccessoryAccessory Mainly used in automotive and equipment Mainly used in automotive and equipment

circuits utilizing a battery as a primary circuits utilizing a battery as a primary source of powersource of power

Circuit BreakersCircuit Breakers– Single PoleSingle Pole– Double PoleDouble Pole

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Agricultural Mechanics Unit 1 Orientation and General Safety