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PhysicS ThapesaN
fy;tpg; nghJj; juhjug; gj;jpu (cau;ju)g; guPl;ir�✁✂✁✄☎✆✝✁✄✞✟✠✟✡☎✞✁☛✠☞✌✍✡☎✞✟☛✂ ✎✏✌✑☎✂✡✁✌✒✁✑✁✆✓☞✔☎✕✟✂☎✞✟☛✂
ngsjPftpay; ✖✗✘✙✚✟✡✚ ✖
✛✜
✢ ✖
✝✍✄✄✁✂✞☞✆✁✡✞✄✟✡✟✞✙ ✣Xl;l kpd;dpay;
✢✘✁☛✄✙✤✥✍✁✚✞✟☛✂✚
✗✦✧★☞✒☞★✥✩★✛✛✜
✪✙✫ ✢✘☎✬✁✚☎✂✪✭✮✡✭☞✂✯ ✎✦☛✂✚✰✡✟✑✟✆✓
THE CITADEL INSTITUTE - WELLAWATTA, ACA INSTITUTE - KOTTAKENA
mwpKfk;>
,e;j myfpy; Vw;wq;fspd; mirT gw;wp Muha cs;Nshk;. ngsjPftpaypy; Vw;wq;fspd;
mirT Xl;l kpd;dpay; vdg;gLfpd;wJ. nts;sp> nrg;G> mYkpdpak; Nghd;w cNyhff;
flj;jpapd; mZf;fspd; ,Wjp Xl;by; cs;s ,yj;jpud;fs;> fUTld; Fiwe;j mstpyhd
ftu;r;rp tpirAld; xOf;fpy; tyk; te;J nfhz;bUf;Fk;. ,t;thwhd ,yj;jpud;fis
,yFthf fUtpd; ftu;r;rpapy; ,Ue;J tpLglr; nra;ayhk;. ,t; ,yj;jpud;fs; RahjPd
,yj;jpud;fs; vdg;gLfpd;wd. cNyhff; flj;jp xd;wpd; myF fdtstpy; Vwjhs 2810
tupirapyhd RahjPd ,yj;jpud;fs; ,Uf;Fk;. ,r; RahjPd ,yj;jpud;fspd; mirNt
kpd;Ndhl;lkhFk;.
kpd;Ndhl;lk;
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Neuj;Jld; khWgLk; Vw;wk; flj;jpapDhL ghAk; NghJ> Fwpj;j xU fzj;jpy;
kpd;Ndhl;lkhdJ Vw;wk; vjpu; Neu tiugpy; mf;Fwpj;j fzj;jpy; gbj;jpwid Jzptjd;
%yk; ngwg;gLk;.
-01-
[ gf;fk; 02 [g; ghu;f;f
2001
✱ ✲ ✳ ✴ ✵✶ ✷ ✲ ✸ ✷✳ ✷ ✹ ✺ ✻✴ ✼
+
+
+
+
+
I
m
Q
t
PhysicS ThapesaN-02-
[ gf;fk; 03 [g; ghu;f;f
t Neuj;jpy; flj;jpapd; ahjhapDk; xU FWf;Fntl;Lg;gug;ig jhz;br; nry;Yk;
,yj;jpud;fspd; vz;zpf;if N MfTk;> ,yj;jpud; xd;wpd; Vw;wk; e MfTk; ,Ug;gpd;
flj;jpapDhlhd kpd;Ndhl;lk; I MdJ>
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
kpd;Ndhl;lj;jpw;F gUkDk; jpirAk; ,Uf;fpd;w mNj Ntis kpd;Ndhl;lk; Xu;
vz;zpf;fzpakhFk;. fhuzk; ,J fhtpfis Nghd;W $l;lg;gLtjpy;iy. mjhtJ
fhtpf; $l;ly; tpjpfSf;F cl;gLtjpy;iy.
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cNyhff; flj;jpfspy; Neu; mad;fs; (fUf;fs;) mirtjpy;iy. kiw Vw;wq;fNs (RahjPd
,yj;jpud;fs;) mirfpd;wd. Neu; Vw;wk; mirAk; jpirNa kpd;Ndhl;lj;jpd; jpirahf
fUjg;gLfpd;wJ. vdNt ,yj;jpud; mirAk; jpirf;F vjpu;j;jpirapNyNa kpd;Ndhl;lk;
,Uf;Fk;.
01. flj;jp xd;wpDhL 20 C Vw;wk; 5 s ,y; flj;jpapd; FWf;Fntl;Lg;gug;ig jhz;Lk;
kpd;Ndhl;lj;jpd; msT ahJ?
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02. flj;jp xd;wpDhL 1.6A kpd;Ndhl;lk; ghAk; NghJ 1 s ,y; flj;jpapd; FWf;Fntl;Lg;gug;ig
jhz;Lk; ,yj;jpud;fspd; vz;zpf;if ahJ?
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I I I
PhysicS ThapesaN-03-
[ gf;fk; 04 [g; ghu;f;f
03. [jurd; mZtpd; 115 10 m MiuAila xOf;fpy; ,yj;jpud; 6 12.2 10 ms fjpAld; tyk;
tUfpd;wJ. ,yj;jpudpd; mirtpw;F rktYthd kpd;Ndhl;lk; ahJ?
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,yj;jpud;fspd; ruhrup efuy; Ntfk;
cNyhff; flj;jpfs; ngUksthd RahjPd ,yj;jpud;fis nfhz;Ls;sd. ,r; RahjPd
,yj;jpud;fs; njhlu;r;rpahd vOe;jkhd ,af;fj;jpypUf;Fk;. ,e;j vOe;jkhd ,af;fj;jhy;
,it fUf;fSld; cau; Ntfj;jpy; NkhJif milfpd;wd. ,jdhy; xt;nthU
NkhJifapd; NghJk; mtw;wpd; ,af;fj;jpir khWgLk;. vdNt ,yj;jpudpd; ruhrup
Ntfk; JzpNthkhapd; mJ g+r;rpakhf mikAk;.
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FWf;F ntl;Lg;gug;G A Ak; ePsk; L ck; cila flj;jpf;F FWf;Nf kpd;fyk; xd;iw
,izf;Fk; NghJ ,yj;jpud;fs; Neu;j;jl;il Nehf;fp efUk;. mjd; ruhrup efuy; Ntfk;
V vdTk;> RahjPd ,yj;jpud;fspd; vz;zpf;if mlu;j;jp mjhtJ 31m fdtstpy;
cs;s RahjPd ,yj;jpud;fspd; vz;zpf;if n vdTk;> ,yj;jpud; xd;wpd; Vw;wk; e
vdTk; fUJf.
................................................................................................................................................
PhysicS ThapesaN-04-
[ gf;fk; 05 [g; ghu;f;f
04. myF fdtstpy; 288 10 ,yj;jpud;fis cila flj;jpapd; FWf;Fntl;Lg; gug;G
6 25 10 m MFk;. mjDhlhd kpd;Ndhl;lk; 16 A vdpd; ,yj;jpud;fspd; ruhrup efuy;
Ntfk; ahJ?
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kpd;Ndhl;l mlu;j;jp J
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kpd;Ndhl;l mlu;j;jp Xu; fhtpf; fzpak; MFk;. kpd;Ndhl;lkhdJ KOf; flj;jpapdJk;
xU ,ay;ghf ,Uf;fpd;wNghJk; kpd;Ndhl;l mlu;j;jp flj;jpapd; xU Gs;spapd; ,ay;ig
jUfpd;wJ.
kpd;dOj;j NtWghL (V)
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Note:
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PhysicS ThapesaN-05-
[ gf;fk; 06 [g; ghu;f;f
05. flj;jp xd;wpd; 10V mOj;jNtWghL cs;s ,U Gs;spfspw;fpilapy; 4.3A kpd;Ndhl;lk;
gha;fpd;wNghJ myF Neuj;jpy; nra;Ak; Ntiy (tY) ahJ?
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Xkpd; tpjp
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Xkpd; tpjpf;fikAk; NghJ flj;jp xd;wpDhlhd kpd;Ndhl;lk; mjd; mOj;NtWghl;Lld;
khWgLk; tpjk; fPOs;sthW mikAk;.
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rhjhuz epge;jidfspy; jq;Fjd; ,io xd;wpDhL kpd;Ndhl;lk; ghAk; NghJ mJ
mOj;j NtWghl;Lld; khWgLk; tpjk; fPOs;sthW mikAk;.
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PhysicS ThapesaN-06-
[ gf;fk; 07 [g; ghu;f;f
jil
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flj;jp xd;wpd; jil jq;fpAs;s fhuzpfs;
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jilj;jpwd; my;yJ jw;wil
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kpd;flj;Jjpwd;
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PhysicS ThapesaN-07-
[ gf;fk; 08 [g; ghu;f;f
06. 32 jilAila flj;jp xd;W cUf;fg;gl;L Muk;g ePsj;jpd; miuthrp ePsKila
flj;jp cUthf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. Gjpa flj;jpapd; jil ahJ?
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07. R jilAila flj;jp xd;W cUf;fg;gl;L Muk;gf; FWf;Fntl;Lg; gug;gpd; miug;gq;F
FWf;Fntl;Lg; gug;Gila flj;jp cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. cUthf;fg;gl;l Gjpa flj;jpapd;
jil ahJ?
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08. R jilAila flj;jp xd;W cUf;fg;gl;L Muk;gf; FWf;Fntl;L Miuapd; miug;gq;F
FWf;Fntl;L MiuAila Gjpa flj;jp cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. cUthf;fg;gl;l Gjpa flj;jpapd;
jil ahJ?
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PhysicS ThapesaN-08-
[ gf;fk; 09 [g; ghu;f;f
jilfis njhlu;epiyapy; ,izj;jy;
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jilfis rkhe;ju epiyapy; ,izj;jy;
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Note:
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R1 RR2 R3
R1
RR2
R3
PhysicS ThapesaN-09-
[ gf;fk; 10 [g; ghu;f;f
09. gpd;tUk; tiyNtiyfspy; A,B Mfpa Gs;spfSf;fpilNa cs;s rktYj;jiliaf;
fhz;f.
1.
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2.
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3.
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4.
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5.
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A B
A B
BA
A B
A B
PhysicS ThapesaN-10-
[ gf;fk; 11 [g; ghu;f;f
6.
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7.
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8.
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9.
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10.
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11.
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A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A B
PhysicS ThapesaN-11-
[ gf;fk; 12 [g; ghu;f;f
12.
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13.
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14.
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15.
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16.
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A
B
A
B
BA
A B
A B
PhysicS ThapesaN-12-
[ gf;fk; 13 [g; ghu;f;f
17.
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18.
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19.
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flj;jhW
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A
B
A
B
A B
PhysicS ThapesaN-13-
[ gf;fk; 14 [g; ghu;f;f
20.
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21.
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22.
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23.
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24.
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A B
A B
A B
A B
A B
PhysicS ThapesaN-14-
[ gf;fk; 15 [g; ghu;f;f
25.
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26.
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27.
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28.
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29.
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30.
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A B
A
B
A B
A
B
A
B
A
B
PhysicS ThapesaN-15-
[ gf;fk; 16 [g; ghu;f;f
31.
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32.
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33.
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34.
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35.
A B
A
B
A B
A
B
A
B
PhysicS ThapesaN
36.
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37.
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38.
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39.
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40.
A
B
A B
A B
A B
AB
-16-
[ gf;fk; 17 [g; ghu;f;f
PhysicS ThapesaN
41.
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42.
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43.
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44.
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45.
A
B
A B
A
B
A B
A B
-17-
[ gf;fk; 18 [g; ghu;f;f
PhysicS ThapesaN
46.
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47.
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48.
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49.
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A B
A
B
A B
A B
-18-
[ gf;fk; 19 [g; ghu;f;f
PhysicS ThapesaN
50.
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51.
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52.
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53.
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54.
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A B
A B
A B
B
A
A
-19-
[ gf;fk; 20 [g; ghu;f;f
PhysicS ThapesaN
Note:
xU Fwpj;j ntg;gepiyapy; xU Fwpj;j gjhu;j;jj;jpd; jilj;jpwd; khwpyp MFk;.
Ag MdJ jilj;jpwd; kpff; Fiwe;j xU gjhu;j;jkhFk;.
flj;jp xd;wpd; jilj;jpwd; ntg;gepiyAld; khWgLk; tpjk; gpd;tUkhW mikAk;>
Fiwflj;jp xd;wpd; jilj;jpwd; ntg;gepiyAld;
khWgLk; tpjk; gpd;tUkhW mikAk;.
jilntg;gepiyf; Fzfk;
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0
o
T
R
-20-
[ gf;fk; 21 [g; ghu;f;f
T
PhysicS ThapesaN
cNyhfq;fspd; jilntg;gepiyf;Fzfk; Neu;g;ngWkhdk; cilajhfTk; Fiwflj;jpfspd;
jilntg;gepiyf;Fzfk; kiwg;ngWkhdk; cilajhfTk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
kq;fdpd; vDk; fyg;GNyhfj;jpd; jilntg;gepiyf;Fzfk; kpfr; rpwpa ngWkhdk; 0
MFk;. ,jdhy; ,J epakj;jilfs;> jilg; ngl;bapYs;s jilfs;> mOj;jkhdpf; fk;gp
vd;gtw;iw Mf;Ftjw;F gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.
10. gpshw;wpdk; jil ntg;gkhdp xd;wpd; jil o20 C ,y; 50.0 MFk;. mJ cUFk;
,e;jpaj;jpDs; (Indium) itf;fg;gLk; NghJ mjd; jil 75.0 Mf cau;e;jJ.
gpshw;wpdj;jpd; jil ntg;gepiyf; Fzfk; 3 o 14 10 C
vdpd; ,e;jpaj;jpd; cUFepiyiaf;
fhz;f.
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11. o20 C ,y; RUnshd;wpd; jil 60 MFk;. o
80 C ,y; mr;RUspd; jil 65 MFk;.
mr;RUs; Mf;fg;gl;l gjhu;j;jj;jpd; jil ntg;gepiyf; Fzfk; ahJ?
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-21-
[ gf;fk; 22 [g; ghu;f;f
PhysicS ThapesaN
12. xU flj;jp Mf;fg;gl;l gjhu;j;jj;jpd; jilntg;gepiyf; Fzfk; 10.005 K MFk;.
vt;ntg;gepiyapy; flj;jpapd; jil o0 C ,Ys;s jilapd; ,Uklq;fhf ,Uf;Fk;?
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kpd;Ndhl;lg; gpupf;if
rkhe;juj; jilfspDhL kpd;Ndhl;lk; gpupAk; NghJ mOj;jk; rkdhf ,Uf;FkhW
fpisfspDhL kpd;Ndhl;lk; ghAk;.
01.
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02.
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03.
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-22-
[ gf;fk; 23 [g; ghu;f;f
6
3
10
15
10
15
6
PhysicS ThapesaN
13. gpd;tUtdtw;wpy; fpisfspy; cs;s kpd;Ndhl;lq;fspd; ngWkjpfis fhz;f.
1.
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2.
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3.
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4.
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5.
9
18
18
12
12
20
5
-23-
[ gf;fk; 24 [g; ghu;f;f
PhysicS ThapesaN
6.
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7.
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8.
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9.
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10.
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2
4
4
4
3
33
A Bi127Ai2
A
B
4 4
8 8 8
6 6
I
1A
-24-
[ gf;fk; 25 [g; ghu;f;f
PhysicS ThapesaN
kpd;Ndhl;lj;ij msj;jy;
kpd;Rw;nwhd;wpYs;s kpd;Ndhl;lj;ij msf;f mk;gpau;khdpahdJ kpd;Ndhl;lk; msf;f
Ntz;ba gFjpAld; njhluhf ,izf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
Rw;wpy; kpd;Ndhl;lj;ij msg;gjw;F mfj;jilaw;w mk;gpau;khdp Rw;wpy; ,izf;fg;gl
Ntz;Lk;.
,yl;rpa mk;gpau;khdp:
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mOj;j NtWghl;il msj;jy;
xU kpd;Rw;wpYs;s ,U Gs;spfSf;fpilapy; mOj;j NtWghl;il msg;gjw;F mt;tpU
Gs;spfSf;FkpilNa Nthy;w;Wkhdp xd;iw rkhe;jukhf ,izj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
mOj;j NtWghl;il msg;gjw;F Nthy;w;Wkhdpapd; jil Kbtw;wjhf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
,yl;rpa Nthy;w;Wkhdp:
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Note:
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-25-
[ gf;fk; 26 [g; ghu;f;f
PhysicS ThapesaN
kpd;fyk; xd;wpd; kpd;dpaf;ftpir - Electro motive force (e.m.f)
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kpd;fyk; xd;wpd; mfj;jil - Internal Resistance
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kpd;fyj;jpypUe;J kpd;Ndhl;lk; ghAk; NghJ fyj;jpd; KidfSf;F FWf;Nf mOj;j
NtWghL>
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-26-
[ gf;fk; 27 [g; ghu;f;f
PhysicS ThapesaN
kpd;fyj;jpDhL kpd;Ndhl;lk; ghAk; NghJ fyj;jpd; KidfSf;F FWf;Nf mOj;j
NtWghL>
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
14. gpd;tUk; re;ju;g;gq;fspy; A,B ,w;fpilapyhd mOj;j NtWghl;il fhz;f.
1.
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
2.
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
3.
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
4.
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
-27-
[ gf;fk; 28 [g; ghu;f;f
PhysicS ThapesaN
5.
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
15. fPNo jug;gl;l Rw;wpy; kpd;fyk; Gwf;fzpf;fj;jf;f mfj;jil cilaJ. kpd;fyj;jpDhlhd
kpd;Ndhl;lj;jpd; ngWkjp ahJ?
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
16. fPNo jug;gl;l Rw;wpy; kpd;fyk; 1 mfj;jil cilaJ. kpd;fyj;jpDhlhd kpd;Ndhl;lj;jpd;
ngWkjp ahJ?
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
17. jug;gl;l Rw;wpy; kpd;fyq;fs; Gwf;fzpf;fj;jf;f mfj;jil cilad. mk;gpau;khdpapdJk;>
Nthy;w;WkhdpapdJk; thrpg;Gf;fisf; fhz;f.
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
18. mUfpy; jug;gl;l Rw;wpy; kpd;fyq;fs; Gwf;fzpf;fj;jf;f mfj;jil cilad.
Nthy;w;WkhdpapdJk; thrpg;Gf;fisf; fhz;f.
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
-28-
[ gf;fk; 29 [g; ghu;f;f
PhysicS ThapesaN-29-
[ gf;fk; 30 [g; ghu;f;f
19. mUfpy; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;s Rw;wpy; kpd;fyq;fs; Gwf;fzpf;fj;jf;f mfj;jil cilad.
Nthy;w;Wkhdp ,yl;rpakhdJ vdpd; mjd; thrpg;G ahJ?
......................................................................................
......................................................................................
......................................................................................
......................................................................................
......................................................................................
20. fPNo jug;gl;Ls;s Rw;wpy; vy;yhf; fyq;fSk; kpd;dpaf;ftpir E [Ak; mfj;jil r
[Ak; cilad vdpd; Gs;spfs; A,B ,w;fpilapyhd mOj;j NtWghL ahJ?
......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
20. fPNo jug;gl;Ls;s Rw;wpy; vy;yhf; fyq;fSk; kpd;dpaf;ftpir E [Ak; mfj;jil r
[Ak; cilad vdpd; Gs;spfs; A,B ,w;fpilapyhd mOj;j NtWghL ahJ?
......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
......................................................................................................
21. fPNo fhl;lg;gl;Ls;s Rw;wpy; kpd;fyq;fs; Gwf;fzpf;fj;jf;f mfj;jil cilad. Gs;spfs;
A,B ,w;fpilapyhd mOj;j NtWghL ahJ?
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
PhysicS ThapesaN
22. fPNo fhl;lg;gl;Ls;s Rw;wpy; kpd;fyq;fs; Gwf;fzpf;fj;jf;f mfj;jil cilad. Gs;spfs;
A,B ,w;fpilapyhd mOj;j NtWghL ahJ?
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
23. fPNo fhl;lg;gl;Ls;s Rw;wpy; kpd;fyq;fs; Gwf;fzpf;fj;jf;f mfj;jil cilad. Gs;spfs;
A,B ,w;fpilapyhd mOj;j NtWghL ahJ?
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
24. fPNo fhl;lg;gl;Ls;s Rw;wpy; kpd;fyk; xd;W 6V kpd;dpaf;f tpiriaAk; cl;jil 2
[Ak; nfhz;Ls;sJ. kw;iwaJ 4V kpd;dpaf;f tpiriaAk; 8 cl;jiliaAk; cilaJ.
A,B ,w;F ,ilapyhd mOj;j NtWghL ahJ?
..........................................................................................
..........................................................................................
..........................................................................................
..........................................................................................
25. fyq;fspd; mfj;jil g+r;rpakhdJ vdpd; A,B ,w;F FWf;Nfahd mOj;j NtWghL
ahJ?
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
-30-
[ gf;fk; 31 [g; ghu;f;f
PhysicS ThapesaN-31-
[ gf;fk; 32 [g; ghu;f;f
26. fPNo fhl;lg;gl;Ls;s kpd;Rw;wpy; fyq;fspdJk; mk;gpau;khdpapdJk; mfj;jilfs;
Gwf;fzpf;ff; $baJ. mk;gpau;khdpfs; 1 2
A ,A ,d; thrpg;Gf;fisf; fhz;f.
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
27. Rw;wpy; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;s xt;nthU kpd;fyKk; E kpd;dpaf;f tpiriaAk; r mfj;
jiliaAk; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd. A,B ,w;fpilapyhd mOj;j NtWghL ahJ?
................................................................................................................................................
28. fhl;bathW Rw;W mikapd; R MdJ vd;d ngWkjp cilajhf ,Uf;Fk; NghJ
kpd;fyk; X ,w;F FWf;Nfahd mOj;jNtWghL g+r;rpakhFk;?
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
29. ,k; kpd;Rw;wpy; fyq;fs; Gwf;fzpf;fj;jf;f mfj;jilia cilad. Nthy;w;W khdpapdJ
thrpg;G ahJ?
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
A1
A2
4
6
2V 12V
A B
X
Y
E
E
r 1
r 2
R
R
R2R
V
20
12V
100
2V
PhysicS ThapesaN
30. %d;W jilfs; 1 2 3
R ,R ,R vd;gd fPNo cs;s glj;jpy; fhl;bathW ,izf;fg;gl;L cs;sd.
1
2
R
R
,Dhlhd kpd; Ndhl; lk;
,Dhlhd kpd; Ndhl; lk; vDk; tpfpjj;jpd; gUkd; ahJ?
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
31. fhl;lg;gl;Ls;s Rw;wpy; fyk; Gwf;fzpf;f $ba mfj; jilia cilaJ vdj; jug;gbd;
X,Y ,w;F FWf;Nfahd mOj;jNtWghL ahJ?
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
32. jug;gl;l Rw;wpy; 4
R ,w;Ff; FWf;Nf mOj;j NtWghL ahJ?
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
33. fhl;lg;gl;Ls;s kpd;tiy Ntiyapy; fyj;jpd; mfj;jil g+r;rpak; vdpd; 4 jilapDhlhd
kpd;Ndhl;lk; ahJ?
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
R1
R2
R3
-32-
[ gf;fk; 33 [g; ghu;f;f
50
50
30
3060
3V
R1
R2
R3
R4
R5
35 1
4
522
10 1012V
r = 0
x
y
5 4
18 3
21
9V
PhysicS ThapesaN-33-
[ gf;fk; 34 [g; ghu;f;f
34. fhl;lgl;Ls;s Nthy;w;wsTg; gpupapr; Rw;wpw;F o
VV vDk; tpfpjg; ngWkhdk; ahJ?
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
35. fhl;lgl;Ls;s Nthy;w;wsTg; gpupapr; Rw;wpw;F o
VV vDk; tpfpjg; ngWkhdk; ahJ?
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
36. A,B ,w;fpilapy; mOj;j NtWghL V vdpd; B,C vd;gtw;wpw;fpilapYk; C,D vd;gtw;wpw;F
,ilapYk; cs;s mOj;j NtWghL ahJ?
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
37. A,B ,w;F FWf;NfAs;s mOj;j NtWghL 100V Mapd; CD f;Ff; FWf;Nfahd mOj;j
NtWghL ahJ?
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
V0
V
R
R
R
R
A B C DR
R
R
R
RR
A
B
C
D
R=101
R=53
R=102
R=154
PhysicS ThapesaN
38. fyj;jpd; mfj;jilfs; Gwf;fzpf;fj;jf;fit Mapd; mk;gpau;khdpapd; thrpg;G ahJ?
.......................................................................................
.......................................................................................
.......................................................................................
.......................................................................................
.......................................................................................
.......................................................................................
39. kpd;fy mLf;F A apw;F FWf;Nfahd mOj;j NtWghL g+r;rpakhapd; R ,d; ngWkjp
ahJ?
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
40. fhl;bathW kpd;Ndhl;lk; ghapd; A,B ,w;F FWf;Nfahd mOj;j NtWghL ahJ?
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
6V
A
4
4
1
3V
A B
E r 1E r 2
R/2
R
R
2V
0.5A
2
A B
-34-
[ gf;fk; 35 [g; ghu;f;f
PhysicS ThapesaN
41. fyj;jpd; mfj;jil Gwf;fzpf;ff; $bajhapd; Nthy;w;Wkhdpapd; thrpg;G ahJ?
................................................................................................
................................................................................................
................................................................................................
................................................................................................
................................................................................................
42.2
A khdpapd; thrpg;G 1.2A vdpd; 1
A khdpapd; thrpg;G ahJ?
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
43. fyk; 12V kpd;dpaf;f tpiriaAk; 3 mfj;jiliaAk; cilaJ. Msp %lg;gLk;
NghJ mk;gpau;khdpapd; thrpg;G ahJ?
....................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
44. 5000 jilf;F FWf;NfAs;s mOj;j NtWghL 5000 jilAila Nthy;w;Wkdpia
gad;gLj;jp mstplg;gLfpd;wJ. mjd; thrpg;G ahJ?
....................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
800
800 V800
12V
R
R
R
A2A1
6
SA
12V
6
3
120V
5000 2500
-35-
[ gf;fk; 36 [g; ghu;f;f
PhysicS ThapesaN
45. Msp jpwe;Js;s NghJk; %bAs;s NghJk; Nthy;w;W khdpapd; thrpg;Gf;fisf; fhz;f.
.....................................................................................
.....................................................................................
.....................................................................................
.....................................................................................
.....................................................................................
.....................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
46. kpd;dpaf;ftpir E ck; Gwf;fzpf;ff; $ba mfj;jiliaAk; cila fyj;Jld; jilfs;
fhl;bathW ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. 2
R ,w;F FWf;Nf mOj;jNtWghL ahJ?
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
47. fyq;fs; Gwf;fzpf;fj;jf;f mfj;jil cilad. Gs;sp Y rhu;ghf Gs;sp X ,Ys;s
mOj;jk; ahJ?
.............................................................................
.............................................................................
.............................................................................
.............................................................................
.............................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
V
6V
r = 0.3
2.7
E
R1R 2
4V 4V
3 1
11
X
Y
-36-
[ gf;fk; 37 [g; ghu;f;f
PhysicS ThapesaN
48. fhl;lg;gl;Ls;s Rw;wpy; fy;tNdhkhdpapDhlhf ghAk; kpd;Ndhl;lj;ijAk; 12 ,2 Mfpa
jilfspDhlhf ghAk; kpd;Ndhl;lj;ijAk; fhz;f.
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
49. fyj;jpd; mfj;jil Gwf;fzpf;ff; $baJ vdpd; X ,w;Fk; Y ,w;Fk; ,ilapyhd
mOj;j NtWghL ahJ?
..........................................................
..........................................................
..........................................................
..........................................................
..........................................................
..........................................................
50. fyk; Gwf;fzpf;fj;jf;f mfj; jil cilaJ vdpd; Rw;wpy; cs;s kpd;Ndhl;lk; ahJ?
........................................................................
........................................................................
........................................................................
........................................................................
........................................................................
........................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
G
3 12
2 8
5A
2 2
2
22
26V
X
Y
10 10
1030
60
60 60
5V
I
-37-
[ gf;fk; 38 [g; ghu;f;f
PhysicS ThapesaN
51. fymLf;F 6V kpd;dpaf;f tpiriaAk; 0.2 mfj; jiliaAk; cilaJ. kpd;Ndhl;lk;
2A vdpd; Nthy;w;Wkhdpapd; thrpg;G ahJ?
.............................................................................
.............................................................................
.............................................................................
.............................................................................
.............................................................................
.............................................................................
.............................................................................
52. xt;nthU fyq;fSk; 1.5V kpd;dpaf;f tpir cila cyu; fyq;fshFk;. A ,Yk; B
,Yk; kpd;dOj;jq;fisf; fhz;f.
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
53. ,U fyq;fSk; 4V,2V kpd;dpaf;f tpiriaAk; KiwNa 2 , 4 cl;jilaisAk;
cilad. B Gtpf;F njhLf;fg;gl;bUg;gpd; A ,Ys;s mOj;jk; ahJ?
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
...............................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
V
6V
0.2
1
R 1
R2
2A
1.5V 1.5V
1.5V1.5V1.5V
A
B
C
4V 2V
A
B
4
42
-38-
[ gf;fk; 39 [g; ghu;f;f
PhysicS ThapesaN
54. kpd;fyq;fspd; KidfSf;F FWf;Nfahd mOj;j NtWghLfisf; fhz;f.
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
55. fyj;jpd; cl;jil Gwf;fzpf;fj;jf;fJ. A,B ,w;fpilapyhd mOj;j NtWghL ahJ?
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
56. fhl;lg;gl;Ls;s Rw;wpy; mk;gpau;khdp ,Dhlhd kpd;Ndhl;lk; 2A vdpd; 1 ,Dhlhd
kpd;Ndhl;lk; ahJ?
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
12V
4V
1
14
8 48
A
B
R R
RRE
9V
A 2 5
5 4
1
-39-
[ gf;fk; 40 [g; ghu;f;f
PhysicS ThapesaN
57. vy;yhf; fyfSk; 1 cl;jil cilad. 9 jilapDhlhd kpd;Ndhl;lk; ahJ?
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
58. fhl;lg;gl;l Rw;wpy; fyq;fs; Gwf;fzpf;fj;jf;f mfj;jil cilad. 4 jilapDhlhd
kpd;Ndhl;l ngWkjp ahJ?
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
59. 6V fyk; Gwf;fzpf;fj;jf;f cl;jil cilaJ. Nthy;w;Wkhdp thrpg;G g+r;rpak; vdpd;
mk;gpau;khdpapd; thrpg;G ahJ?
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
...........................................................................
6V 4V 5V
10 9 8
2V
1
6V 2V
1
11
4
2020
100 R
6V
A
V
-40-
[ gf;fk; 41 [g; ghu;f;f
PhysicS ThapesaN
60. fhl;lg;gl;l Rw;wpy; X ,w;Fk; Y ,w;Fk; ,ilapyhd mOj;jNtWghL ahJ?
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
61. fyj;jpd; mfj;jil g+r;rpak; vdpd; V,I,R ,d; ngWkjp ahJ?
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
62. fhl;lg;gl;Ls;s fyq;fs; ,uz;Lk; rk mfj;jilfis cilad. A,B ,w;fpilapyhd
mOj;j NtWghL ahJ?
................................................................................................................................................
63. Rw;wpy; fyq;fs; 1 2
E ,E vd;gd KiwNa 4V,8V kpd;dpaf;f
tpiriaAk; 0.5 ,1.0 mfj; jiliaAk; cilad.
fyq;fSf;F FWf;Nfahd mOj;j NtWghLfisf; fhz;f.
.............................................................................................
.............................................................................................
.............................................................................................
X Y
100
10V 5V
50
50
V20 5R
8A11A
I
2V
2V
A B
4V 8V
4.5
6
3
E1 E2
-41-
[ gf;fk; 42 [g; ghu;f;f
PhysicS ThapesaN
64. fy mLf;Ffs; Gwf;fzpf;fj;jf;f mfj; jilfis cilad. mk;gpau; khdpapd; thrpg;G
g+r;rpak; vdpd; fyk; P ,d; kpd;dpaf;ftpir ahJ?
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
65. fyq;fs; Gwf;fzpf;fj;jf;f mfj;jil cilad. Nthy;w;Wkhdpapd; thrpg;G ahJ?
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
fy;tNdhkhdpia (kpy;yp mk;gpau;khdpia) mk;gpau; khdpahf khw;wy;
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
24V
P
A
9
3
V
10V 8V
1 4
G
R
-42-
[ gf;fk; 43 [g; ghu;f;f
PhysicS ThapesaN
66. 10 mfj;jilAila fy;tNdhkhdp 0 100mA tiu mstplf;$baJ. ,jid 1A
tiuapyhd kpd;Ndhl;lj;ij mstplf;$ba mk;gpau;khdpahf khw;w vd;d nra;a Ntz;Lk;?
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
67. 19.8 jilAila kpy;yp mk;gpau;khdp xd;W 50mA Xl;lk; xd;wpw;F KOtilj;
jpUk;giyf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. mjid 5A tiuapyhd kpd;Ndhl;lj;ij mstplf;$bajhd
mk;gpau;khdpahf khw;w vd;d nra;a Ntz;Lk;?
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
xU fy;tNdhkhdpia gad;gLj;jp gy tPr;Rf;fis cila mk;gpau;khdp mikj;jy;
G
R1
R2
R3
P
Q
R
1A
5A
10A
100mA
X
-43-
[ gf;fk; 44 [g; ghu;f;f
PhysicS ThapesaN
a. njhLF rhtp X [ Kidfs; P,Q,R cld; njhLifAwr; nra;Ak; NghJ ve;j xOq;fpy;
njhLifAwr; nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;?
................................................................................................................................................
b. fy;tNdhkhdp 10 jilAk; 100mA KOtstpilj; jpUk;giyAk; nfhz;lJ vdpd;
1 2 3R ,R ,R ,d; ngWkjpfis kjpg;gpLf.
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
68. fy;tNdhkhdpia gy tPr;Rf;fspyhd mk;gpau;khdpahf gad;gLj;Jtjw;Fupa xU
xOq;fikg;G fPNo fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ.
a. cUthf;f Ntz;ba mk;gpau;khdpapd; tPr;Rf;fs; 1A,5A,10A
vdpd; mt;tPr;Rf;fis ngWtjw;F njhLf;fg;gl Ntz;ba
Kbtplq;fis jUf.
.................................................................................................
.................................................................................................
b. 10 A ,Yk; Fiwe;j Mdhy; njupahj kpd;Ndhl;lk; xd;W P ,DhL ghAk; NghJ
njhLF rhtp X [ ve;j xOq;fpy; Q,R,S Kbtplq;fSld; njhLf;f Ntz;Lk;?
................................................................................................................................................
c fy;tNdhkhdp 10 jilAk; 100mA KOtstpilj; jpUk;giyAk; nfhz;lJ vdpd;
1 2 3R ,R ,R [ Jzptjw;fhd Nfhitfis vOJf.
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
G
R1 R2 R3
P Q
R
S
X
-44-
[ gf;fk; 45 [g; ghu;f;f
PhysicS ThapesaN
fy;tNdhkhdpia (kpy;yp mk;gpau;khdpia) mk;gpau; khdpahf khw;wy;
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
xU fy;tNdhkhdpia gad;gLj;jp gy tPr;Rf;fis cila Nthy;w;Wkhdp mikj;jy;
a. njhLF rhtp X [ Kidfs; P,Q,R cld; njhLifAwr; nra;Ak; NghJ ve;j xOq;fpy;
njhLifAwr; nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;?
................................................................................................................................................
b. fy;tNdhkhdp 10 jilAk; 100mA KOtstpilj; jpUk;giyAk; nfhz;lJ vdpd;
1 2 3R ,R ,R ,d; ngWkjpfis kjpg;gpLf.
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
GR1
X
TP
Q
R
R2 R3
5V 10V 20V
-45-
[ gf;fk; 46 [g; ghu;f;f
PhysicS ThapesaN
fy;tNdhkhdpia gad;gLj;jp Xk; khdpia mikj;jy;
a. A,B ,w;fpilapy; g+r;rpaj;jilia vt;thW ngWtPu;?
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
b. E 10V ck; fy;tNdhkhdpapd; mfj;jil 10 ck; vdpd; A,B ,w;fpilapy; g+r;rpaj;jil
,Uf;Fk; NghJ o
R [ vd;d ngWkjpf;F nrg;gk; nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;?
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
c. A,B ,w;fpilapy; Kbtpyp jilia vt;thW ngWtPu;?
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
d. fy;tNdhkhdp 5mA [ thrpf;Fk; NghJ A,B ,w;fpilapy; ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;s jilapd;
ngWkjp ahJ?
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
e. A,B ,w;fpilapy; 100 jil ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;s NghJ fy;tNdhkhdpapd; thrpg;G
ahJ?
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
0
RoE
0 - 10mA
A B
-46-
[ gf;fk; 47 [g; ghu;f;f
PhysicS ThapesaN
f. Xk;khdpapd; mstpil Vfgupkhdkhdjh? Vfgupkhzkw;wjh?
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
jilfspy; tpiuakhFk; tYTk; fyq;fs; Rw;Wf;F toq;Fk; tYTk;
a. Gwj;jil R ,y; tpiuakhFk; tYtpw;fhd Nfhitia jUf.
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
b. fyj;jpd; mfj;jil r ,y; tpiuakhFk; tYtpw;fhd Nfhitia jUf.
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
c. fyk; Rw;Wf;F toq;Fk; tY ahJ?
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
d. Gwj;jil R khWgLk; NghJ mjpy; tpirakhFk; tY P MdJ R cld; khWgLk;
tpjj;ij tiuGgLj;Jf.
R
E
r
I
-47-
[ gf;fk; 48 [g; ghu;f;f
PhysicS ThapesaN
e. Gwj;jilapy; tpiuakhFk; tY cau;thf ,Uf;Fk; NghJ R,r ,w;fpilapyhd njhlu;G
ahJ?
................................................................................................................................................
69. ru;trkdhd %d;W kpd;Fkpo;fs; P,Q,R glj;jpy; fhl;bathW Rw;W xd;wpy; ,izf;fg;
gl;Ls;sJ. kpd;Fkpo; P ,y; tpiuakhFk; tY 10W vdpd; %d;W kpd;Fkpo;fshYk;
ntsptplg;gLk; nkhj;j tY ahJ?
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
70. ru;trkdhd %d;W kpd;Fkpo;fs; P,Q,R glj;jpy; fhl;bathW Rw;W xd;wpy; ,izf;fg;
gl;Ls;sJ. kpd;Fkpo; P ,y; tpiuakhFk; tY 10W vdpd; %d;W kpd;Fkpo;fshYk;
ntsptplg;gLk; nkhj;j tY ahJ?
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
P Q
R
P
Q
R
-48-
[ gf;fk; 49 [g; ghu;f;f
PhysicS ThapesaN
71. jug;gl;Ls;s Rw;wpy; fyk; 12V kpd;dpaf;ftpiriaAk; 1 mfj;jiliaAk; nfhz;lJ.
a. 5 jilapy; tpiuakhFk; tYitf; fhz;f.
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
b. mfj;jilapy; tpiuakhFk; tYitf; fhz;f.
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
c. fyk; Rw;wpw;F toq;fpa tYitf; fhz;f.
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
72. jug;gl;l kpd;tiy Ntiyapy; fyq;fs; Gwf;fzpf;fj;jf;f mfj;jil cilait.
a. jilfspy; tiuakhFk; nkhj;j tYitf; fhz;f.
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
b. 2V fyk; Rw;Wf;F toq;Fk; tY ahJ?
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
5
12V
1
2V
3V
3
2
-49-
[ gf;fk; 50 [g; ghu;f;f
PhysicS ThapesaN
c. 3V fyk; Rw;Wf;F toq;Fk; tY ahJ?
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
73. jug;gl;l kpd;tiy Ntiyapy; fyq;fs; Gwf;fzpf;fj;jf;f mfj;jil cilait.
a. jilfspy; tiuakhFk; nkhj;j tYitf; fhz;f.
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
b. 12V fyk; Rw;Wf;F toq;Fk; tY ahJ?
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
c. gFjpfs; (a),(b) ,y; fzpf;fg;gl;l ngWkjpfs; NtWgLtjw;F fhuzk; ahJ?
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
kpd;fyq;fspd; Nru;khdk;
njhlu; epiy ,izg;G
a. ,yl;rpa kpd;fyq;fis (mfj;jil g+r;rpakhd fyq;fs;) njhluhf ,izj;jy;
................................................................................................................................................
b. mfj;jilfis cila kpd;fyq;fis njhluhf ,izj;jy;
................................................................................................................................................
12V
2V
3
2
A B A B
E1 E2 E3 E
A B A B
E1 E2 E3 E
r1 r2 r3 r
-50-
[ gf;fk; 51 [g; ghu;f;f
PhysicS ThapesaN
rkhe;ju epiy ,izg;G
a. ,yl;rpa kpd;fyq;fis rkhe;jukhf ,izj;jy;
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
Note:
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
b. mfj;jilfis cila kpd;fyq;fis rkhe;jukhf ,izj;jy;
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
74. fPNo jug;gl;Ls;sthW ,izf;fg;gl;ls;s kpd;fyq;fspw;F gjpyhf xU kpd;fyk; gad;gLj;jg;
gbd; mjd; kpd;dpaf;ftpiriaAk; mfj;jiliaAk; jUf.
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
A B
E
E
E
A B
A B
E1
A B
r1
E2
r2
E3
r3
E
r
A B
12V
15V
4V
2
3
6
-51-
[ gf;fk; 52 [g; ghu;f;f
PhysicS ThapesaN
75. jug;gl;Ls;s kpd;tiy Ntiyg;ghl;by; jil R ,Dhlhd kpd;Ndhl;lk; ahJ?
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
76. fPNo jug;gl;Ls;s Rw;wpy; Gwj;jil 1 ,Dhlhd kpd;Ndhl;lk; ahJ? mj;Jld; xt;nthU
fyj;jpDhlhd kpd;Ndhl;lq;fisAk; fhz;f.
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
77. fPNo jug;gl;Ls;s Rw;wpy; 6V fyj;jpDhlhd kpd;Ndhl;lj;jpd; msT ahJ?
................................................................................................................................................
6V
12V
3V
3
6
6
R = 4.5
12V
8V
6V
4
4
2
1
12V
8V
6V
4
4
2
-52-
[ gf;fk; 53 [g; ghu;f;f
PhysicS ThapesaN
78. fPNo jug;gl;Ls;s Rw;wpy; fyq;fs; Gwf;fzpf;fj;jf;f mfj;jil cilait.
Gwj;jilapDhlhd kpd;Ndhl;lj;ijAk;> xt;nthU fyj;jpDhlhd kpd;Ndhl;lj;ijAk;
fhz;f.
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
79. jug;gl;Ls;s kpd;tiyNtiyapy; 3 jilapDhlhd kpd;Ndhl;lk; ahJ?
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
80. jug;gl;Ls;s kpd;tiyNtiyapy; Gwj; jil R ,Dhlhd kpd;Ndhl;lk; ahJ?
6V
12V
4V
2
5
R = 2
6V
12V
6
3
3
12V
24V
7
R = 2
5
2 2
-53-
[ gf;fk; 54 [g; ghu;f;f
PhysicS ThapesaN
Nfr;Nrhtpd; tpjp - Kirchhoff’s Rules
tpjp I
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
81. mUfpy; jug;gl;Ls;s kpd;tiy Ntiyapy; re;jpapd;
kpd;dOj;jj;jpd; ngWkjpiaf; fhz;f.
.....................................................................................
.....................................................................................
.....................................................................................
.....................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
82. mUfpy; jug;gl ;Ls;s kpd;tiy Ntiyapy; re ;jpapd;
kpd;dOj;jj;jpd; ngWkjpiaf; fhz;f.
....................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
....................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
2 1
2
+2V
-1V
+1V
3 2
1
-2V+1V
-54-
[ gf;fk; 55 [g; ghu;f;f
PhysicS ThapesaN
tpjp II
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
83. fPNo jug;gl;Ls;s Rw;wpy; xt;nthU fpisapYk; cs;s kpd;Ndhl;lj;jpd; msitf; fhz;f.
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
E1
E3
E4E5
E2
r1
r2
r3
A B C
DEF
6 3
20V
2V
5V
1
-55-
[ gf;fk; 56 [g; ghu;f;f
PhysicS ThapesaN
84. mUf py ; fhl ; lg ; gl ;Ls ;s k pd ;tiy
Ntiyg;ghl;by; xt;nthU fpisapYk; cs;s
kpd;Ndhl;lq;fisf; fhz;f.
..............................................................................
..............................................................................
..............................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
85. mUfpy; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sthW Gwf;fzpf;fj;jf;f mfj;jil
cila rpy kpd;fyq;fs; ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. 3V
fyj;jpDhlhd kpd;Ndhl;lj;jpd; msT ahJ?
...............................................................................................
...............................................................................................
...............................................................................................
...............................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
2 3
3V
2V
2V
1
1
22
2
3
5V
3V
2V
-56-
[ gf;fk; 57 [g; ghu;f;f
PhysicS ThapesaN
86. mUfpy; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sthW Gwf;fzpf;fj;jf;f
mfj;jil cila rpy kpd;fyq;fs; ,izf;fg;gl;L
cs;sd. 5V fyj;jpDhlhd kpd;Ndhl;lj;jpd; msT
ahJ?
......................................................................................
......................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
87. fPNo jug;gl;Ls;s Rw;wpy; xt;nthU fyj;jpDhlhd kpd;Ndhl;lj;ijf; fhz;f.
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
2
2V3
2
3
112V
5V
6V
10V
3
12V
3V
7V
2
3
2
-57-
[ gf;fk; 58 [g; ghu;f;f
PhysicS ThapesaN
88. fPNo jug;gl;Ls;s Rw;wpy; xt;nthU fpisfspYk; cs;s kpd;Ndhl;lq;fisf; fhz;f.
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
89. fPNo jug;gl;Ls;s kpd; tiy Ntiyg;ghl;by; fyq;fs; Gwf;fzpf;fj;jf;f mfj;jil
cilad.
a. xt;nthU jilapDhlhd kpd;Ndhl;lg; ngWkjpfisf; fhz;f.
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
3
10V
3V
4V
2
3
2
2 3
3V
15V
2V
1
-58-
[ gf;fk; 59 [g; ghu;f;f
PhysicS ThapesaN
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
b. Gwj;jilfspy; tpiuakhFk; nkhj;j tYitf; fhz;f.
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
c. xt;nthU fyq;fspdhYk; Rw;Wf;F toq;fg;gLk; tYitf; fz;L> fyq;fspdhy; Rw;Wf;F
toq;fg;gLk; nkhj;j tY jilfspy; tpiuakhfpa tYTf;F rkd; vdf; fhl;Lf.
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
90. mUfpy; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;s Rw;wpy; fyq;fs; G+r;rpa mfj;
jil cilait.
a. xt;nthU fpisfspYk; cs;s kpd;Ndhl;lq;fisf;
fhz;f.
.......................................................................................
.......................................................................................2 3
3V
9V
2V
2
-59-
[ gf;fk; 60 [g; ghu;f;f
PhysicS ThapesaN
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
b. Gwj;jilfspy; tpiuakhFk; nkhj;j tYitf; fhz;f.
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
c. 9V kpd;fyj;jpdhy; Rw;Wf;F toq;fg;gLk; tY ahJ?
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
d. gFjpfs; (b),(c) vd;gd NtWgLtjw;F fhuzk; ahJ?
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
-60-
[ gf;fk; 61 [g; ghu;f;f
PhysicS ThapesaN
kPw;wu;g;ghyk; - Metre Bridge
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
fy;tNdhkhdp g+r;rpa jpwk;giyf; (jpUk;giyf;) fhl;Lk; NghJ kPw;wu;g; ghyk; rkepiyg;
gl;Ls;sJ vdg;gLk;. ,e;epiyapy;>
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
kPw;wu;ghyg; gupNrhjidapy; rkepiyg; Gs;spia vt;thW ngWtPu;?
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
kPw;wu;ghyg; gupNrhjid vj; jj;Jtj;jpy; njhopw;gLfpd;wJ?
................................................................................................................................................
-61-
[ gf;fk; 62 [g; ghu;f;f
PhysicS ThapesaN
kPw;wu;g;ghyf; fk;gp kPJ tOf;Fr; rhtpia mOj;jp efu;j;jf; $lhJ. ,jw;fhd fhuzk;
ahJ?
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
kPw;wu;g;ghyr; Rw;wpy; fy;tNdhkhdpia ghJfhg;gjw;F vLf;fg;gl;Ls;s eltbf;if vd;d?
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
cau;jilf;F rkhe;jukhf xU nrUF Msp ,izf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;. ,J vt;thW
gupNrhjidapd; NghJ gad;gLj;jg;gLk;?
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
kPw;wu;ghyf; fk;gpf;F vg;gjhu;j;jj;jhy; Md fk;gp gad;gLj;jg;gLk;? ,jw;fhd fhuzk;
ahJ?
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
kPw;wu;g; ghyf; fk;gp rPuw;wjhf ,Ug;gpd; ,jid vt;thW gupNrhjid uPjpahf eptu;j;jp
nra;tPu;?
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
kPw;wu;ghyr; Rw;W jpUj;jkhf g+u;j;jp nra;ag;gl;Ls;sjh vd vt;thW tha;g;Gg; ghu;g;gPu;?
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
-62-
[ gf;fk; 63 [g; ghu;f;f
PhysicS ThapesaN
jilfspDhL kpd;Ndhl;lk; ghAk; NghJ mtw;wpy; ntg;gk; gpwg;gpf;fg;gLtjhy; mtw;wpd;
ntg;gepiy mjpfupg;gjhy; jilfs; khWgl;L fk;gp rPuw;wjhfptpLk;. ,jid gupNrhjidapy;
vt;thW eptu;j;jp nra;ayhk;?
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
kPw;wu;g;ghyj;jpy; cUthFk; KidtOit vt;thW eptu;j;jp nra;ayhk;?
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
kPw;wu;g;ghy gupNrhjidapd; mD$yq;fs; ,uz;ilj; jUf.
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
kPw;wu;g;ghyk; rpwpa jilfis (1 ,Yk; Fiwe;j jilfis) xg;gpLtjw;F cfe;jjy;y
,jw;fhd fhuzk; ahJ?
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
rkepiyg; Gs;spia kPw;wu;g;ghyf; fk;gpapd; kj;jpa gFjpapy; ngwy; rpwe;jjhFk;. ,jw;fhd
fhuzk; ahJ?
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
-63-
[ gf;fk; 64 [g; ghu;f;f
PhysicS ThapesaN
91. fPNo jug;gl;Ls;s Rw;wpy; fyq;fs; g+r;rpa mfj;jil cilad. vdpd; fy;tNdhkhdpapd;
thrpg;G ahJ? (fy;tNdhkhdpapd; mfj;jil G+r;rpakhFk;)
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
92. fPNo jug;gl;Ls;s Rw;wpy; fyq;fs; g+r;rpa mfj;jilAk;> fk;gp AB MdJ rPuhd
jilAilaJk; MFk;. fhl;lg;gl;Ls;s epiyapy; fy;tNdhkhdpapd; thrpg;G ahJ?
(fy;tNdhkhdpapd; mfj;jil G+r;rpakhFk;)
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
93. mUfpy; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;s Rw;wpy; 12V fyj;jpd; mfj;jil Gwf;fzpf;fj;jf;fJ. fhl;ba
epiyapy; fy;tNdhkhdpapd; thrpg;G g+r;rpak; vdpd; E ,d; ngWkjpiaf; fhz;f.
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
3 2
5V
3V
G
G
40cm 60cm
10V
4V
A B
4 2
12V
E
G
-64-
[ gf;fk; 65 [g; ghu;f;f
PhysicS ThapesaN
94. mUfpy; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;s Rw;wpy; 5V fyj;jpd; mfj;jil Gwf;fzpf;fj;jf;fJ. fhl;ba
epiyapy; fy;tNdhkhdpapd; thrpg;G g+r;rpak; vdpd; E ,d; ngWkjpiaf; fhz;f.
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
95. fPNo fhl;lg;gl;Ls;s Rw;wpy; fyq;fspd; mfj;jilfs; g+r;rpak; vdpd; fy;tNdhkhdpapd;
thrpg;G ahJ? (fy;tNdhkhdpapd; mfj;jil G+r;rpakhFk;)
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
96. fPNo fhl;lg;gl;Ls;s Rw;wpy; fyq;fspd; mfj;jilfs; g+r;rpak; vdpd; fy;tNdhkhdpapd;
thrpg;G ahJ? (fy;tNdhkhdpapd; mfj;jil G+r;rpakhFk;)
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
G
20cm 80cm
5V
E
A B
2 3
7V
2V
G
2 4
8V
2V
G
-65-
[ gf;fk; 66 [g; ghu;f;f
PhysicS ThapesaN
mOj;jkhdp - Potentiometer
,U kpd;fyq;fspdJ kpd;dpaf;ftpirfis xg;gpLtjw;F kpd;fynkhd;wpd; mfj;jilia
msg;gjw;Fk;> kpd;Ndhl;lk; mOj;jNtWghL vd;gtw;iw msg;gjw;Fk;> mk;gpau;khdp
Nthy;w;Wkhdp vd;gtw;iw msT NfhbLtjw;Fk;> ,uz;L jilfis xg;gbtjw;Fk;>
,uz;L jilfis xg;gpLtjw;Fk;> ntg;gkpd; ntg;gkhdp xd;wpd; kpd;dpaf;ftpiria
Jzptjw;Fk; mOj;jkhdp gad;gLk;.
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mOj;jkhdpr; Rw;wpYs;s fyj;jpd; Neu;KidAk; Jizr;Rw;wpYs;s fyj;jpd; Neu;KidAk;
mOj;jkhdpf; fk;gpapd; g+r;rpa Kbtplj;Jld; xd;whf ,izf;fg;gLk;. KidTfs; khwp
,izf;fg;gbd; rkepiyg;Gs;sp ngwg;glhJ.
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G H.R
-66-
[ gf;fk; 67 [g; ghu;f;f
PhysicS ThapesaN
mOj;jkhdpia msT Nfhbly;
njupe;j kpd;dpaf;ftpirAila epakf; fyk; (kpd;dpaf;ftpir o
E ) xd;iw mOj;jkhdpapd;
Jizr;Rw;wpy; ,izj;J> mjw;Fupa rkepiy ePsk; (o
L ) ngwg;gLk;. ,jpypUe;J mOj;j
tPo;r;rp K Jzpag;gLk;.
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mOj;jkhdpr;Rw;wpy; rkepiyg;Gs;sp fpilf;fhtpbd; mjw;fhd fhuzk; ahjhf ,Uf;fyhk;?
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mOj;jkhdpr;Rw;wpy; rkepiyg;Gs;sp fpilf;Fk; vd;gij vt;thW jPu;khdpg;gPu;?
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G H.R
E
Eo
-67-
[ gf;fk; 68 [g; ghu;f;f
PhysicS ThapesaN
mOj;jkhdpia cgNahfpj;J ,U kpd;fyq;fspd; kpd;dpaf;ftpirfis xg;gpLjy;
glj;jpy;fhl;bathW mOj;jkhdpr; Rw;W xOq;fikf;fg;gl;L Msp X ,w;F ,lg;gl;L 2
E
,w;fhd rkepiy ePsk; 2
L ck;> Msp Y ,w;F ,izf;fg;gl;L 1
E ,w;fhd rkepiy
ePsk; 1
L ck; Jzpag;gLk;.
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khWk; jilapd; ngWkjpia khw;Wtjd; %yk; gupNrhjid jpUk;gj; jpUk;gr; nra;ag;gl;L
ntt;NtW 1
L ,w;F xj;j 2
L ,d; ngWkjpfs; Jzpag;gLk;.
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-68-
[ gf;fk; 69 [g; ghu;f;f
PhysicS ThapesaN
mOj;jkhdpia cgNahfpj;J kpd;fyk; xd;wpd; mfj; jiliaj; Jzpjy;
glj;jpy; fhl;baJ Nghy; cgfuzk; xOq;fikf;fg;gl;L R ,d; ntt;NtW ngWkhdq;fSf;F
xj;j rkepiy ePsq;fs; L Jzpag;gLk;.
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G H.R
Eo
E
r
R
A BC
-69-
[ gf;fk; 70 [g; ghu;f;f
PhysicS ThapesaN
mOj;jkhdpia cgNahfpj;J ,U jilfis xg;gpLjy; - Kiw I
cU (1) ,y; fhl;bathW kpd;Rw;W cUthf;fg;gl;L 1
R ,w;Ff; FWf;Nfahd
mOj;jNtWghl;il rkg;gLj;Jk; ePsk; 1
L Jzpag;gLk;. cU (2) ,y; fhl;bathW kpd;Rw;W
cUthf;fg;gl;L 2
R ,w;Ff; FWf;Nfahd mOj;jNtWghl;il rkg;gLj;Jk; ePsk; 2
L
Jzpag;gLk;.
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khWk; jilapd; (,upa epWj;jpapd;) ngWkjpia khw;Wtjd; %yk; gupNrhjidia jpUk;gj;
jpUk;gr; nra;J ntt;NtW 1 2
L ,L ,d; ngWkjpfs; ngwg;gLk;.
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L1
R1 R2
G
L2
R1 R2
G
cU (1) cU (2)
-70-
[ gf;fk; 71 [g; ghu;f;f
PhysicS ThapesaN
mOj;jkhdpia cgNahfpj;J ,U jilfis xg;gpLjy; - Kiw II
cU (1) ,y; fhl;bathW kpd;Rw;W cUthf;fg;gl;L 1
R ,w;Ff; FWf;Nfahd
mOj;jNtWghl;il rkg;gLj;Jk; ePsk; 1
L Jzpag;gLk;. cU (2) ,y; fhl;bathW kpd;Rw;W
cUthf;fg;gl;L 1 2
R ,R ,w;Ff; FWf;Nfahd mOj;jNtWghl;il rkg;gLj;Jk; ePsk; 2
L
Jzpag;gLk;.
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mOj;jkhdpapd; Kidj;jpUj;jk; Jzpjy;
L1
R1 R2
G
L2
R1 R2
G
cU (1) cU (2)
L1
R1 R2
G
L2
R1 R2
G
cU (1) cU (2)
-71-
[ gf;fk; 72 [g; ghu;f;f
PhysicS ThapesaN
cU (1) ,y; fhl;bathW Rw;W cUthf;fg;gl;L jil 1
R ,w;Ff; FWf;Nfahd mOj;j
NtWghl;il rkg;gLj;Jk; ePsk; 1
L Jzpag;gLk;.
cU (2) ,y; fhl;bathW Rw;W cUthf;fg;gl;L jil 2
R ,w;Ff; FWf;Nfahd mOj;j
NtWghl;il rkg;gLj;Jk; ePsk; 2
L Jzpag;gLk;.
gpd;du; cU (3) ,y; Rw;W cUthf;fg;gl;L 1 2
R ,R ,w;Ff; FWf;Nfahd mOj;j NtWghl;il
rkg; gLj;Jk; ePsk; 3
L Jzpag;gLk;.
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L3
R1 R2
G
cU (3)
-72-
[ Kw;Wk;