2014

OVERVIEW OF COMMUNITIES IN OUR LANDSCAPE

Výukový materiál EK 01 - 04

Tvůrce: Mgr. Šárka Vopěnková

Tvůrce anglické verze: ThMgr. Ing. Jiří Foller

Projekt: S anglickým jazykem do dalších předmětů

Registrační číslo: CZ.1.07/1.1.36/03.0005

Tento projekt je spolufinancován ESF a SR ČR

current vegetation or community in our country is created by:

set of forest and non-forest communities communities have been formed since the

end of ice age direct and indirect influence of humans

COMMUNITIES IN OUR LANDSCAPE

our landscape underwent significant transformations in two periods:

a) in neolitic time > first peasants cut down forests and established pastures and fields

in our country about 7000 years ago b) in Middle Ages > colonized foothills

and mountain regions

COMMUNITIES IN OUR LANDSCAPE

forest communities: alder forests on wet locations in highlands alder, sedge, yellow flag floodplain forests caused by periodic floods willow, poplar, oak, ash, lime, elm

COMMUNITIES IN OUR LANDSCAPE

thermophilic oak forests common in highlands the warmest regions of Bohemia and Moravia sessile oak, maple, barberry, hawthorn, cranesbill oak-hornbeam forests: connected to warmer highlands English oak, hornbeam, hazelnut, bird-seed,

chickweed

COMMUNITIES IN OUR LANDSCAPE

acid oak forests in highlands on acid rocks – granite, gneiss poor brown soils dominant is sessile oak field woodrush, fescue grass

COMMUNITIES IN OUR LANDSCAPE

forest communities: beech forests foothill and mountain grade beech, fir, maple, sweet woodruff scree forests they occur on steep stony slopes supply of nitric substances and the water Norway maple important function of the soil protection

COMMUNITIES IN OUR LANDSCAPE

montain spruce forests in higher mountain locations positively spruce rowanberry, whorled Solomon's-seal,

deer fern upper forest border runs here pine scrub dominates above it after pollutants spruce replaced by plants

of the foreign origin

COMMUNITIES IN OUR LANDSCAPE

non-forest communities: community of waters and wetlands: communities poor in the number of species decisive factors > water depth and its oscilation, content of nutrients and oxygen reeds community of peatbogs foothills and mountain areas on acid soil peat moss > decomposition > peat sundew Šumava mountains, Giant mountains, Ore mountains,

Jeseníky mountains

COMMUNITIES IN OUR LANDSCAPE

community of meadows and pastures substitutional forest community caused by certain social impact > mowing, grazing, fertilization, sowing up creeping thistle, false oats grass, marigold,

horsetail xerotherm grass community warm and dry habitats sunny slopes meadow brome, feather grass

COMMUNITIES IN OUR LANDSCAPE

EXAMPLES OF PLANTS IN OUR LANDSCAPE

Typical species of beech forests – coralroot bittercress (Dentaria bulbifera);Simplestem bur-reed (Sparganium erectum – common species of back waters; Important species of thermophilic oak forests: Gas plant (Dictalmus albus), Swallow wort (Vincetoxicum hirundinaria)

WORKSHEET

RECOGNIZE PLANTS AND ALLOCATE INTO COMMUNITIES

KINCL, Lubomír, Miloslav KINCL a Jana JAKRLOVÁ. Biologie rostlin: pro 1. ročník gymnázií. 4., přeprac. vyd. Praha: Fortuna, 2006, 302 s. ISBN 80-716-8947-5.

SOURCES