TERCIE 2014

GENETIC CONCEPTS

Výukový materiál GE 02 - 38

Tvůrce: Mgr. Šárka Vopěnková

Tvůrce anglické verze: ThMgr. Ing. Jiří Foller

Projekt: S anglickým jazykem do dalších předmětů

Registrační číslo: CZ.1.07/1.1.36/03.0005

Tento projekt je spolufinancován ESF a SR ČR

chromosome: created by DNA molecules molecules are helically coiled they are coiling around proteins proteins are called histons in their mass is hidden program for

formation of cells in the body

GENETIC CONCEPTS

chromosomes: in the nucleus of somatic (body) cell

there are two chromosome sets one set of male origin one set of female origin each chromosome is actually twice

here

GENETIC CONCEPTS

one chromosome originates from the mother the other chromosome originates from the father each chromosome has already made a copy

(DNA replication) woman has sex chromosomes identical XX man has sex chromosomes different XY sex of an individual is determined by the sperm

that fertilizes the egg

GENETIC CONCEPTS

chromosome is visible in the electron microscope

best visible by the cell division cell division : mitosis or meiosis typical for organism: number,

shape and size so called karyotype

GENETIC CONCEPTS

in the nucleus of somatic (body) cell there are 46 chromosomes 2 sets of 23 chromosomes > they make up pairs

in the nucleus of sex cell (gamete) there are 23 chromosomes

gametes originate in sexual organs they originate by a special division =

reduction division = meiosis

GENETIC CONCEPTS

result of the reduction division is only one set of chromosomes

usual condition (46 chromosomes) arises after fusion of nuclei

fertilization > restoration duplication of genetic information

one gene of male and one of female origin give rise to a particular feature

GENETIC CONCEPTS

features: all what is the difference between the

organisms > their structure and properties features are the concrete expression of our

inherited talents features are e.g.: body height skeleton structure hair colour, colour of eyes artificial talent

GENETIC CONCEPTS

genes: basic unit of heredity genes differently long sections of nucleic

acid 2 types DNA RNA

GENETIC CONCEPTS

DNA: right-handed double helix is to be found: in the nucleus in mitochondria in chloroplasts v cytoplasm by prokaryotic cells they can copy or replicate themselves

GENETIC CONCEPTS

RNA 3 types of RNA: mRNA - arises by

transcription from DNA

rRNA - forms ribosome

tRNA - transfers amino acids

GENETIC CONCEPTS

WORKSHEET

IS THIS DNA OR RNA ?

HANČOVÁ, Hana. Biologie v kostce 1: Obecná biologie. Mikrobiologie. Botanika. Mykologie. Ekologie. Genetika. 2. vyd. Havlíčkův Brod:

Fragment, 1999, 112 s. ISBN 80-720-0340-2. DOBRORUKA, Luděk J. Přírodopis: Obecná biologie. Mikrobiologie.

Botanika. Mykologie. Ekologie. Genetika. 1. vyd. Praha: Scientia, 2000,

159 s. ISBN 80-718-3167-0.

SOURCES