1863 – 1877United State of America

Reconstruction Era

• 1863 – Emancipation Proclamation

• Executive Order by Lincoln• Freed all Slaves in the 10

Confederate States• Did not outlaw slavery,

rather made it a goal• Shifted Focus of the War

– From Keeping Union together to Ending Slavery

– Weakened The South

Republicans

• IN 1863—Amnesty : “umbrella” pardon for all Southerners who took oath of loyalty

• 10% of state’s voter population took oath• “Reconciliation not Punishment”• Lincoln and Johnson

Radical Republicans

• Thaddeus Stevens, Charles Sumner• 3 Main goals

• Prevent Confederate leadership• Powerful Republicans in the South• Equality to African Americans

• South should be PUNISHED!• Aid given to former slaves

Reconstruction Era

1865Abe Lincoln

AssassinatedJohn Wilkes Booth

Andrew Johnson becomes President

December 18, 1865

13th AmendmentAbolished Slavery

Reconstruction Era

• Freedman’s Bureau – helped solve everyday problems • clothing, food, water, health care, communication with

family members, and jobs. • It distributed 15 million rations of food to African

Americans

• Set up a system where planters could borrow rations in order to feed freedmen they employed

Reconstruction Era

• Freedmen– Freed slaves

• Carpetbaggers– Northerners who movedTo the South– land, politics, etc.– Many former Union Soldiers– Hired Freedmen– Railroads

• Southern Feelings??

Reconstruction Era• A cartoon from an Alabama

Newspaper in 1868

Reconstruction Era

• Scalawags– Southerners who supported abolition• Supported desegregation and racial integration

– Along with Freedmen and Carpetbaggers, introduced reconstruction programs which included funding public schools, establishing charitable institutions, raising taxes, and offering massive aid to support improved railroad transportation and shipping.

Reconstruction Era

• Redeemers– White Southerners (former confederate soldiers

and slave owners)• Opposed Republican

coalition• Could not accept defeat• Denied the 13th, 14th, 15th

Amendments• Emergence of KKK

Reconstruction Era• Now it’s your turn!– Through the eyes of either a Southerner, Unionist, Former SlaveOr Former Slave Owner– Create a political Cartoon

depicting either• Scalawags• Freedmen• Redeemers• Carpetbaggers• Lincoln, Booth, Johnson, etc.

– Be Creative, make a statement!• Do you like this group or not??

Reconstruction JigsawRead your section. Create an outline. Return to group,

teach your section to the rest of your group.• Pg. 250 – 252 (Person 1)– Lincolns Plan, Radical Republicans, Freedman’s Bureau

• Pg. 253 – 255 (Person 2)– Johnson, Radical Republicans, Military Reconstruction

• Pg. 256 – 259 (Person 3)– Changes in the South, Republican Coalition, Southern

Resistance• Pg. 260 – 263 (Person 4)– Grant, End of Reconstruction, New South

• Who, what, when, where, why? Vocab terms.

Jig-saw Activity• Why Jig-saw?

– Frustrating? Confusing?• Collaboration

– A skill that is desirable for success. Practice it!• Accountability

– Your group is depending on you to become an expert! Be accountable!

• Leadership– Lead by example.– Did you help out a struggling member? Did you ask for help if you

needed it?• Other reasons…

– You learn the best by teaching it!– You pay attention to your peers!

Reconstruction review

• Republicans– Lincoln, Johnson

• Amnesty to those who took oath of loyalty and acceptedfreedom for slaves.

• Radical Republicans– Stevens, Sumner

• 3 Main goals– Prevent Confederate leadership– Powerful Republicans in the South– Equality to African Americans

Reconstruction Review

• Wade Davis Bill 1864– Oath of Loyalty– Ratify 14th Amendment– After, state can create new government• Abolish Slavery• Reject debts acquired• Deprive former Confederate leaders the right to vote

– Pocket Vetoed by Lincoln

Reconstruction Review

• 1865 – Proclamation of Amnesty– Amnesty to Southerners• Except leaders and rich confederates

– They had to personally ask Johnson• Repeal Secession, accept 13th Amendment

– Many former leaders were elected to office• Initiated black codes

Reconstruction Review• Civil Rights Act 1866– Response to Black Codes

• Citizenship to all persons born in the U.S.• Allowed African Americans to own property• Enforcement Acts

– Laid the groundwork for 14th Amendment• Johnson was against the amendment

– Elections of 1866• Established Radical Republican dominance in Congress

Reconstruction Review

• 1867 Military Reconstruction Act– Overturned Johnson’s Reconstruction Programs– Divided Confederate states into 5 districts• Must re-write State Constitutions to include 13th and

14th amendments

Reconstruction Review

• Tenure of Office Act– Congress feared that Johnson would not uphold

MRA• Required Senate approval to remove any official that

required Senate approval to appoint.– Johnson fires Sec. of War Stanton• Agreed with MRA

– Congress votes for impeachment

Reconstruction Review• Johnson escapes impeachment by 1 vote– Stripped political legitimacy– Did not run for President in 1868– Congress did not want to set a

precedent• Ulysses S. Grant runs for office– Easily wins election– Troops in South oversee elections

• 15th Amendment 1870– Right to vote cannot be denied

Reconstruction Review

• Grant was highly ineffective as President– Left policy making up to Congress• Promoted commerce and industry• High taxes, increased federal spending

– Sin taxes• Pay off bonds—rich owned the bonds, poor paid the taxes

– Republicans split• Thought economic programs benefited wealthy

– Despite this, Grant stays in office

Reconstruction review

• Whiskey Ring– Scandal involving Grant’s

Secretary and distillers in St. Louis• Panic of 1873– Bad railroad investments– Powerful banking firm Jay Cooke declares

bankruptcy– Caused small banks to close and stock market to

crash• Unemployment skyrocketed

Reconstruction Review

• 1876 Rutherford B. Hayes wins presidency– Against Democrat Samuel Tilden• Neither won majority of electoral votes• Too much election fraud–Committee determined outcome of

election– Compromise of 1877• Southern Democrats agreed to outcome

only if Republicans pulled troops out of the south

Reconstruction Review

Reconstruction officially ends when Hayes pulls troops from the south