13 colonies

NEW ENGLAND

• Hampshire, England • Massachusetts – Native

American “living near the Big Hill”

• Native American Quinnehtukqut (beside the long tidal river)

• Rhode means red in Dutch (from the red clay)

NOT England! England = Europe

New England = America

New England Towns

• Plymouth • Boston • Portsmouth • Providence • Hartford

Most people came to New England to practice the Puritan religion

Plimouth, Massachusetts Separatists

First Thanksgiving 1621 • To thank the Native

Americans for helping the Pilgrims.

Rhode Island and Connecticut– more freedom than with the Puritans in

Massachusetts • Roger Williams • Anne Hutchinson

• Thomas Hooker Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

Representative Government

NEW ENGLAND TOWN MEETING

• CONGREGATIONALIST CHURCH MEETINGS

• no pope, no bishop

New England Peddlar– traveling salesman

Building ships, and trading

Fishing and Whaling

Middle Atlantic

• New York – York, England (king’s brother Duke of York)

• Pennsylvania (Penn’s woods –Latin sylva)

• New Jersey—Jersey Island, England

• Delaware— Lord De la Warr (proprietor)

Towns

• New York City • Albany

• Philadelphia • Trenton

New York had been New Amsterdam

New Amsterdam was defeated by the British in 1664

• Peter Stuyvesant, last governor

Pennsylvania 1681

• William Penn • A haven for Quakers

(Society of Friends)

• Believe in – Non violence – Do not fight in war, but

serve in medical corps – No priests, ministers,

rabbis – Against slavery – For Native American rights – Called each other “thee”

and “thou” – Do not use titles

Mid Atlantic Economy

• Trade

• Farming – wheat

• Corn

John Peter Zenger 1735

freedom of the press

South • Maryland – Queen

Henrietta Maria • Virginia—Queen

Elizabeth the Virgin • North and South

Carolina—King Charles II (in Latin Carol)

• Georgia—King George

Southern Towns

• Baltimore • Jamestown • Williamsburg • Richmond • Wilmington • Charleston • Savannah • Atlanta (later)

Maryland 1632

• George Calvert, Lord Baltimore

• A haven for Roman Catholics

• Maryland Toleration Act 1649– religious freedom for all Christians

• Hate speech against other Christians fined

South – Chesapeake Bay, rivers

Jamestown, Virginia 1607 • Founded by a Joint

stock company to make a profit - GOLD!

• Found tobacco instead • John Rolfe stole sweet

Caribbean tobacco, and made it grow in Virginia, and married Pocahontas

Agriculture: Tobacco, Rice (enslaved Africans taught Europeans how to grow), Indigo

•

Workforce needed

• Indentured Servants– England, Germany

• Kidnapped Africans

In the beginning, there was little legal difference between servants and enslaved (enslaved could buy

their freedom or have “half-freedom”)

• First person known to be enslaved– John Punch, 1640—as punishment for running away—European indentured servants only served for more years

Slave Trade– Triangular trade Middle Passage

Another triangle (but slaves always in the Middle) molasses to rum to slaves

Slave Trade– Triangular trade Middle Passage

• Tobacco and rice from North America (on New England ships)

• To England • Guns to African kingdoms • African dictator kings kidnap enemies • Kidnapped people are sent to North America

Colonial slavery was NOT about cotton

More African enslaved after English Glorious Revolution 1688 (fewer

desperately poor Englishmen) and revolts scare wealthy – Bacon’s Rebellion 1676

• Africans also Revolt! Stono Rebellion 1739