1 International Telecommunication Union Overview of Deliverable 4 Direct and indirect impact (on energy) of ITU-T standards Overview of Results session

1International Telecommunication Union

Overview of Deliverable 4

Direct and indirect impact (on energy) of ITU-T standards

Overview of Results sessionTuesday 24 March 2009

Editor’s Group of Deliverable 4

Sungchul Kang (KCC, Korea), ChairmanEunsook Kim “Eunah” (ETRI, Korea), EditorTakafumi Hashitani (Fujitsu, Japan), co-editorFranz Zichy (US State Department, USA), co-editorLiu Yan (CTTL, China), co-editor


Summary (SCOPE)

This deliverable describes general checklists and guidelines, examples of networks and systems which influence climate change in the ICT field, and ITU-T standards that have a positive impact on mitigation of climate change.

It is to allow ITU-T SGs to evaluate, for each Question, the possible future CO2E (carbon dioxide equivalent) reduction of technologies in terms of direct emissions from ICTs and possible savings in terms of Climate Change mitigation from the use of ICTs.

It is noted that the list of ICT technologies and ITU-T standards introduced in this deliverable do not limit the possible and potential ICT technologies and ITU-T standards to impact climate change.



Table of Contents

1Scope2 References3 Terms and Definition4 Abbreviations5Checklist5.1 Checklists for adopting eco-friendly ICT framework5.2Checklists for choosing eco-friendly ICT devices5.3 Checklists for adopting eco-friendly ICT providers5.4 Checklists for using ICT systems in an eco-friendly way5.5 Checklists for disposing and recycling of ICT systems in an eco-

friendly way6Networks and Systems influencing climate change6.1 Fixed vs. wireless/mobile networks6.1.1Fixed networks can improve mitigation in ways mobiles cannot6.1.2Spectrum usage and energy efficiency6.1.3A case study of power consumption among different FTTx architecture6.1.4A use-case of CDMA


Table of Contents(cont.)

6.2Data center6.2.1Energy consumption at IDC6.2.2Green Internet Data Center6.2.3Natural Cooling System6.3 Tele-conferencing system6.4 Home networking6.4.1 Aspects of energy management6.4.2 Application profiling and designing interface6.4.3 Advance Metering Infrastructure (AMI) and Smart Energy

System (SES)6.4.4 Guidelines proposal to FG ICT & CC7 Use of ITU-T Standards to mitigate climate change7.1 Next Generation Networks (NGN)7.2 Ubiquitous Sensor Network (USN)7.2.1 USN use-cases for monitoring climate change7.2.2 Guidelines proposal for perspective USN work items7.3 Intelligent Transport System (ITS)7.4 Tag-based Identification Applications and ServicesAppendix. FG Questionnaire Response from ITU-R and ITU-T SGs



5. Checklist

Checklists are useful for developing and promoting eco-friendly standards for ICT architecture, ICT devices, ICT providers, ICT systems, and disposal and recycling of ICT systems in an eco-friendly way.


•Limit the negative impacts•Enhance the positive impacts

To lead


5. Checklist / For ExampleUsing an ICT system in an eco-friendly way


Objective Check item Description

Using an ICT system in an eco-friendly way

Has the ICT system contributed to reducing use of office consumables (e.g., paper)?

It is helpful to compare the current consumption against the forecasts made before the introduction of the ICT system.

Has the ICT system actually contributed to a reduction in electricity or energy consumption?

It is helpful to compare the current electricity and energy consumption against the values before the introduction of the ICT system.

Has the ICT system actually contributed to a reduction in the movement of people?

It is helpful to compare the current movement of people against the value before the introduction of the ICT system.

Has the ICT system actually contributed to a reduction in the movement of goods?

It is helpful to compare the current movement of goods against the value before the introduction of the ICT system.

Has the ICT system actually contributed to effective use of your office space?

It is helpful to compare the current use of office space against the use of space before the introduction of the ICT system.

Has the ICT system actually contributed to a reduction in storage space for goods?

It is helpful to compare the current storage space against the space used before the introduction of the ICT system.

Has the ICT system actually contributed to an improvement in operational efficiency?

It is helpful to compare the current operational efficiency (e.g., productivity) against the value before the introduction of the ICT system.

Has the ICT system actually contributed to a reduction in waste production?

It is helpful to compare the current waste production against the value before the introduction of the ICT system.


6. Networks and Systems influencing climate change (1/5)


Although ICT networks and systems emit CO2, they can also reduce direct CO2 output and have the additional capability of enabling other sectors of society to reduce their carbon footprint. This section describes networks and systems which have impact on climate change.

En

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y

MW

h/Y

Cost

M€/Y

(1

00

k s

ub

s)

*) Costs for air conditioning are not considered

GPON Energy and Cost efficiency

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

ADSL2+ PON FTTH

Energy Consumption (MWh/y) Cost (k€/Y)

80 % Energy & Cost savings

By replacing ADSL2+

With PON *)

• With the introduction of fiber technology fixed networks gained additional speed and increased range while at the same time reducing power consumption.

• The energy efficiency improvement of fiber networks compared to copper networks is tremendous.




Data Center

Data centers are being installed in line with the spread of broadband access. It is generally considered that data centers improve the efficiency of energy and resource consumption by consolidating distributed servers and sharing the use of facilities. However, concerns have been raised that the rising number of servers required to process the growing amount of information will increase the power consumption.

To reduce CO2 emissions

Key Technology•Low-power server platform•Green OS•Energy-aware virtual platform•Green-grid middleware•Auto-system management•Dynamic Smart Cooling

etc




Natural Cooling System

The base station is cooled using natural cold air during the winter season which reduces the need for air conditioners. As a result, this energy efficient cooling system saved more than 15% of energy.




Tele-conferencing system

Introduction of ICT systems will help reduce the movement of people using the traditional ways of travel. When the movement of people is reduced, energy consumption from traditional ways of travel and CO2 emissions can be reduced..

Evaluation Result

0.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.04.5

Conference on a trip Video conferenceEner

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DisposalUseProduction

Video conference held between Tokyo and Yokohama, once a week (48 times / year), one hour each time, participated in by two people from each office




Home Networking

The implementation of ICT-enabled energy saving applications minimizes the energy consumed by energy-hungry household appliances.

The AIM architecture

Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) has following features:

• The two-way fixed network and associated systems for providing advanced metering data and energy management capability.

• Provides the capabilities to improve data tracking above and beyond Automated Meter Reading (AMR) with the goal of influencing energy usage.

• AMI can be incorporated into the sensor and communication infra of the intelligent micro-grid.


7. Use of ITU-T Standards to mitigate climate change (1/5)

This section introduces some of the key ITU-T standards which can be applied toward mitigating climate change. It should be noted that the list of the ITU-T standards that address climate change is not limited by the technologies mentioned in this section. There are other ITU-T standards that can be applied.


Next Generation Networks (NGNs)

NGNs are seen by many as the new network architecture that will unify today’s fixed, mobile and broadcast networks. NGN is expected to bring about greater energy efficiency than legacy networks. In turn, by improving the energy efficiency of ICTs, NGNs can potentially make a significant contribution in the battle against global warming.


Following SG15 work example on the Energy Saving Checklist, ITU-T Study Groups and other ITU-T relevant groups (as Focus Groups or Joint Coordination Activities efforts) could prepare new energy saving checklists, as a recommended tool for manufacturers and providers. An example of such a tool could be an energy saving checklist for materials used in transport systems, where type, size, raw material and recycling options should be evaluated to be considered as energy efficient.



Ubiquitous Sensor Network (USN)

USN is a conceptual network and an informational infrastructure which delivers sensed information and knowledge services to anyone at anywhere and anytime where the information and knowledge is developed by using context awareness.

Disaster/crisis management

NGNNGN

USN ApplicationsUSN ApplicationsLogistics, SCM Disaster Surveillance Military Field

Structural healthmonitoring Agricultural control

RFID Reader

MobileRFID Reader

USNDirectory service

USN MiddlewareUSN Middleware

USN Services

Management

SensorNetworks

Ubiquitous web services Context modeling

and management

Contents management

U-Health care

Service orchestration

Sensor NetworksSensor Networks

USN Gateway

Access Network Access

Network

Access Network

Access Network

USN Gateway

Sensor node

Access Network

Access Gateway

USN Gateway

Sink node

USN domains for development and standardization

This Fig. shows domains for development and standardization common to all USN applications.



Intelligent Transport System (ITS)

ITS is one of the key technologies which can contribute to mitigating climate change. The ITU-T has published technical watch group reports on ITS, and in collaboration with other SDOs started its studies on standardization in SG 16. This section briefly introduces ITS and provides a perspective of how ITS can be used to mitigate climate change as well as providing and an overview of ITS standardization.

Various examples of Green ITS for reducing vehicle emissions are as follows:

•Dynamic Navigation (Collection of traffic, environment, and floating car data, Dynamic route guidance)

•ADAS (Adaptive Cruise Control(ACC), Intelligent Speed Adaption(ISA), etc.)

•Telemetric Services (Real-time remote diagnostics, Alteration of driver behavior, etc.)

•Delivery of congestion and danger spots information by using Vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure communications. Main elements of Green-ITS


Tag-based Identification Applications and Services


RFID is a representative Tag-based identification system which uses wireless communication technology to transmit the identifiers stored in an RFID tag to an RFID terminal. An RFID can hold multiple identifications for different purpose of wireless data communication, which enhances the efficiency of the process of the identification.

Service model of after-saleFlow of lifecycle management in logistics

Documents

1 International Telecommunication Union Overview of Deliverable 4 Direct and indirect impact (on energy) of ITU-T standards Overview of Results session