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8/6/2019 04 AREQUIPA EN EL SIGLO XXI
1/21
8/6/2019 04 AREQUIPA EN EL SIGLO XXI
2/21
HXPlhc 98
Plhc Fwzyhznkgo jf Hyfxvkph Bfzyopolkzhch Bvckgkphlkjhj Pyo}kcgkhl jf Hyfxvkph90
l ghpzvlo hczfykoy wf goc}kfyzf fc fl bhygonfcfyhl jf yfmfyfcgkh jf lh wkzvhgkc hgzvhl {mvzvyh jf Hyfxvkph, pvfw fl yfgocogfy {gobpyfcjfy low jk}fywow pyogfwow polzkgow,
fgocbkgow, wogkhlfw { vyihco hbikfczhlfw llf}hjow h
ghio h lo lhyno jf lh ftkwzfcgkh jf lh gkvjhj, fw phyzfkbpoyzhczf jf lh ihwf phyh jkwfhy vc pyo{fgzo mvzvyo#
Fc fl fcmoxvf jf Plhckmkghgkc Fwzyhznkgh hjopzhjofw cfgfwhyko gobpyfcjfy lh gkvjhj, dhgkfcjo vchclkwkw ftzfyco jfl goczftzo xvf kcmlv{f fc fljfwhyyollo, { vc hclkwkw kczfyco jf lh gkvjhj#
8# HCHLKWKW FTZFYCO
8#8# HBIKZO KCZFYCHGKOCHL
Fl pykbfy bikzo jf hclkwkw fw lh yfnkc gfczyo hcjkchjf Hbykgh jfl Wvy# Yknvyowhbfczf, Hyfxvkph hc cowf fcgvfczyh hyzkgvlhjh ck mwkgh ck fgocbkghbfczf hckcnc iloxvf fgocbkgo jf Hbykgh jfl Wvy$Gobvckjhj Hcjkch o fl BFYGOWVY+ o hl polo jfjfwhyyollo xvf gocmoybh Lkbh { Ghllho5 poy flgoczyhyko, fwz gfyghch h lh llhbhjh mhah jfmyhnklkjhj, jf lh xvf moybhc phyzf Iolk}kh, fl ofwzf jfIyhwkl, Fgvhjoy { Golobikh#
Wkc fbihyno, lh gkvjhj wf fcgvfczyh fc vch powkgkc
nfonymkgh fc}kjkhilf goc yfwpfgzo h wvw }fgkcow5fwzh vikghgkc kczfybfjkh fczyf lh gowzh phgmkgh { lhwkfyyh hlzo hcjkch lf ozoynh vch nyhc }fczhahgobphyhzk}h phyh vch gkvjhj jf wvw ghyhgzfywzkghw#Fc vc mvzvyo, fwzh ghyhgzfywzkgh lf pfybkzkygocwolkjhywf gobo vc cojo jf hyzkgvlhgkcfgocbkgo gobfygkhl { jf fclhgf }khl { jfgobvckghgkocfw fczyf lhw gowzhw hzlczkghw { phgmkghwjf Wvjhbykgh, wky}kfcjo jf kczfybfjkhyko fczyf Iyhwkl,Iolk}kh { Hynfczkch { fl fwzf hwkzkgo#
Fwzo wvpocf ghchlkqhy phyzf jf lhw ftpoyzhgkocfw jfIyhwkl, $xvf gocwzkzv{f lh fgocobh bw mvfyzf jfWvjhbykgh, goc vc :7& jfl PIK zozhl+, jocjfjfwzhghc lhw ftpoyzhgkocfw jf wo{h pyo}fckfczfw jflh qoch gfczyo ofwzf iyhwklfh $Hgyf, Yocjockh { BhzoNyowo+ }h fl goyyfjoy ikogfckgo Hzlczkgo Phgmkgo,h zyh}w jfl phy Poyzvhyko Klo Bhzhyhck $xvf fcgocavczo bo}klkqhyoc 9:6 ch}fw { 8079,986 ZB fczyf8;;:/;4+#
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8/6/2019 04 AREQUIPA EN EL SIGLO XXI
3/21
HXPlhc 98
Plhc Fwzyhznkgo jf Hyfxvkph Bfzyopolkzhch Bvckgkphlkjhj Pyo}kcgkhl jf Hyfxvkph98
Fwzh hwpkyhgkc wf gocgyfzhy wk lh GhyyfzfyhIkogfckgh, fc vch yvzh xvf kcglv{h gobo pvfyzo jfllfnhjh h Bhzhyhck { lh gocwolkjhgkc { bfaoyhbkfczojfl Phy Poyzvhyko wf yfhlkqh fc vc doykqoczf gfyghco#
Poy ozyo lhjo h ck}fl bvcjkhl, lhw zfcjfcgkhw polzkghw,fgocbkghw, wogkhlfw, { hbikfczhlfw zhbikc kcmlv{fcf kcmlvkyc fc fl pyogfwo jf jfwhyyollo jf Hyfxvkph#Fczyf fllhw jfwzhghc1
Lh nloihlkqhgkc fgocbkgh { lhlkifyhlkqhgkc jf low bfyghjow, xvfgocwzkzv{fc vc phwo kbpoyzhczf phyh lhmoybhgkc { moyzhlfgkbkfczo jf iloxvfwfgocbkgow# Lh kcwfygkc ftkzowh jf lowphwfw h fwzh goyykfczf bvcjkhl jfpfcjfyjfl kcgyfbfczo jfl jkchbkwbo { lhzyhcwmoybhgkc powkzk}h jf wvw fgocobhw,xvf ivwghc jfwgfczyhlkqhy, moyzhlfgfy {
jkwzykivky bw fxvkzhzk}hbfczf lhw yfczhwchgkochlfw phyh hw pyfphyhy h wvw yfnkocfw{ gkvjhjfw phyh fwzh cvf}h yfhlkjhj#
Lh jfbhcjh jf ikfcfw { wfy}kgkow jfghlkjhj, ghjh }fq bw ftknfczf, yfzyhzh flfwzhjo jf lh hvzofwzkbh { wvpfyhgkc fc lhghlkjhj jf }kjh jf lhw poilhgkocfwbvcjkhlfw# Hvcxvf fwzh jfbhcjh wf fmfgzhgoc bh{oy kcgkjfcgkh fc low phwfw jfldfbkwmfyko coyzf, low phwfw jfl wvy dhcgobfcqhjo h zobhy bh{oy gocgkfcgkh jfwvw jfyfgdow mvcjhbfczhlfw { h ftknkylowgoc bh{oy cmhwkw#
Fl hggfwo vck}fywhl h lh kcmoybhgkc fw vcojf low h}hcgfw zfgcolnkgow xvf bw dhchpoyzhjo hl hgoyzhbkfczo jf low zkfbpow {lhw jkwzhcgkhw {, gocwfgvfczfbfczf, dhcgoczykivkjo h kczfnyhy cvf}hw phvzhw jfgocwvbo, bojow, gowzvbiyfw { vwo jflzkfbpo lkiyf h vch gvlzvyh nloihl jkwpockilfphyh zojow# Wkc jfahy jf pfygkiky lh fcoybf
goczykivgkc xvf wf dh dfgdo h lh gkfcgkh {lh kcmoybhgkc, lh goczyhphyzf fwz ftpyfwhjhfc lh kcgkjfcgkh cfnhzk}h xvf zfcjy woiyf lhgvlzvyh { bojo jf }kjh jf yfnkocfw bfcowh}hcqhjhw { pogo pyfphyhjhw phyh wvhwkbklhgkc# Hczf fwzo, wf dhc jfwhzhjopyogfwow jf yfwghzf jf lh gvlzvyh loghl$gowzvbiyfw, kjkowkcgyhwkhw, kjfczkjhjfw+ {jf yf}hloyhgkc jfl Phzykbocko Gvlzvyhl,gobo vch moybh jf yfwpvfwzh f kcglvwo jfyfwkwzfcgkh, wkzvhgkc xvf mh}oyfgf fl
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8/6/2019 04 AREQUIPA EN EL SIGLO XXI
4/21
HXPlhc 98
Plhc Fwzyhznkgo jf Hyfxvkph Bfzyopolkzhch Bvckgkphlkjhj Pyo}kcgkhl jf Hyfxvkph99
Lh Ghyyfzfyh IkogfckghPfy Iyhwkl fc lh
Bhgyoyfnkc Wvy
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moyzhlfgkbkfczo jf lh kjfczkjhj loghl, goczojow low ifcfmkgkow xvf fllo wknckmkgh#
Lh gocwfy}hgkc jfl hbikfczf chzvyhl, lhpyozfggkc jf lh ikojk}fywkjhj { fl goczyol jflh goczhbkchgkc nloihl, woc ozyhw jf lhwgoyykfczfw bvcjkhlfw jf bh{oy mvfyqh {hgfpzhgkc kczfychgkochl# Lh zobh jfgocgkfcgkh jf lh bvzvh jfpfcjfcgkh fczyfhbikfczf { dobiyf dh kbpvlwhjozyhcwmoybhgkocfw fc low fwzklow jf }kjh jfbvgdhw wogkfjhjfw h}hcqhjhw, fc lh xvflow phwfw jfl wvy wf dhc }kwzo fc}vflzow fclh bfjkjh xvf woc low lvnhyfw jocjf wf
fcgvfczyhc low bh{oyfw yfgvywow chzvyhlfwco ftplozhjow { zhbikc, jocjf lhgoczhbkchgkc { lh jfnyhjhgkc hbikfczhl wfhgflfyh fc cobiyf jfl jfwhyyollo fgocbkgophyh wvpfyhy lh poiyfqh# Fczocgfw, flyfxvfykbkfczo mvcjhbfczhl phyh bhczfcfy lh}kjh pyfwfczf { hwpkyhy h vch mvzvyh, fwgocwfy}hy { pyozfnfy lhw nyhcjfw yfhwchzvyhlfw hc pyfwfczfw fc lh bh{oyh jfphwfw fc }hw jf jfwhyyollo, goczyolhcjo lowck}flfw jf goczhbkchgkc { moyzhlfgkfcjo lhw
kcwzhcgkhw jfgkwoykhw jf noikfyco# Fl pyogfwo bvcjkhl jf jfbogyhzkqhgkc,
fczfcjkjo gobo fl yfwpfzo h low jfyfgdowdvbhcow, lh lkifyzhj jf flfggkc { jfgkwkcjf low pvfilow { lh pyogvyh jf vchjkwzykivgkc avwzh jf low ifcfmkgkow, fw vchgoyykfczf xvf wf kbpocf ghjh }fq goc bh{oymvfyqh gobo vc gykzfyko jf f}hlvhgkc jfczyojf lhw kcwzkzvgkocfw { oynhckwbow bvcjkhlfw#Fl hjopzhy gykzfykow jf jfbogyhgkh,phyzkgkphgkc { jfwgfczyhlkqhgkc jfczyo jf
low oynhckwbow jf noikfyco, wf goc}kfyzf fcvch ftknfcgkh wogkhl gobo vch yfwpvfwzhxvf llf}f h lh wvpfyhgkc jf low fcoybfwjfwfxvklkiykow bvcjkhlfw#
Fwzhw zfcjfcgkhw plhczfhc vch wfykf jf jfwhmow h lhwgkvjhjfw { wvw poilhgkocfw# Lh hphykgkc {gocwolkjhgkc jf fllhw h ck}fl bvcjkhl oilknh h lhwgkvjhjfw h ivwghy moybhw gyfhzk}hw jf kczfnyhywf, wkcpfyjfy fc fl pyogfwo, wvw gvhlkjhjfw { ghyhgzfywzkghw
bw yfpyfwfczhzk}hw# Fc fl ghwo jf Hyfxvkph, fwcfgfwhyko pfcwhy xvf wf fwzhilfgfyc cvf}hwhgzk}kjhjfw fc fl bhygo jf fwzow pyogfwow, hpo{hjhw
fc lhw }fczhahw gobphyhzk}hw { gobpfzkzk}hw xvfpvfjf omyfgfy gobo gkvjhj#
8/6/2019 04 AREQUIPA EN EL SIGLO XXI
5/21
HXPlhc 98
Plhc Fwzyhznkgo jf Hyfxvkph Bfzyopolkzhch Bvckgkphlkjhj Pyo}kcgkhl jf Hyfxvkph97
8#9# HBIKZO CHGKOCHL
Hyfxvkph fw lh wfnvcjh gkvjhj jfl phw jfwpvw jf
Lkbh, co wlo fc ghczkjhj jf poilhgkc wkco zhbikcpoy lh }hykfjhj jf wfy}kgkow xvf omyfgf, goczykiv{fcjofc 6#6& hl PIK Chgkochl# Jfl gocavczo jf gkvjhjfw jflphw, Hyfxvkph jfwzhgh poy wv nyhjo jf vyihckqhgkc,hihyghcjo vch ftzfcwh wvpfymkgkf { gocgfczyhcjo hvc flf}hjo poygfczhaf jf poilhgkc vyihch# Fwzhwghyhgzfywzkghw dhgfc jf Hyfxvkph lh gkvjhj jf bh{oypyo{fggkc fc lh yfnkc wvy jfl phw, moybhcjo phyzf
jfl jikl wkwzfbh chgkochl jf gkvjhjfw xvf jfifyhfxvklkiyhy fl vwo jfl zfyykzoyko# Wkc fbihyno, fl wviwkwzfbh wvy hc fw mynkl { co fwz wvmkgkfczfbfczf
moyzhlfgkjo phyh fcmyfczhy low jfwhmow jfl pyogfwo jfkczfnyhgkc { jfwhyyollo yfnkochl#
Poy ozyo lhjo, lhw zfcjfcgkhw chgkochlfw wf dhcgoc}fyzkjo fc mhgzoyfw jf hbfchqh goczyh fljfwhyyollo jf lhw gkvjhjfw pfyvhchw, h ftgfpgkc jfLkbh# Fczyf wzhw pojfbow bfcgkochy1
Dkpfygfczyhlkwbo polzkgo hjbkckwzyhzk}o { wogkofgocbkgo gocgfczyhjo fc Lkbh# Fwzf zkpo jfjfwhyyollo dh pfymklhjo vch ftgfwk}hgocgfczyhgkc jf kc}fywkocfw, kckgkhzk}hw {hggkocfw xvf zobhc gobo ihwf h Lkbh, gocgocwfgvfcgkhw cfnhzk}hw phyh fl jfwhyyollo jf lhwqochw coyzf { wvy jfl phw# Fl noikfyco chgkochlhgzvhl $9008 900=+, jfczyo jf wvw lcfhw jfhgzvhgkc, dh yfgocogkjo lh cfgfwkjhj jfjfwgfczyhlkqhy fl phw, pyopockfcjo vchjfwgfczyhlkqhgkc polzkgh { hjbkckwzyhzk}hchgkochl5 wkc fbihyno bkfczyhw co wf llf}f hghio vch pyomvcjh zyhcwmoybhgkc fc lowbojflow jf jkwzykivgkc jf low ifcfmkgkowfgocbkgow, jfwgfczyhlkqhcjo zhbikc
fgocbkgh, wogkhl { mvcgkochlbfczf hl phw, fwzowfwmvfyqow co jhyc low yfwvlzhjow fwpfyhjow# Lhgkvjhj jf Hyfxvkph fwz llhbhjh h lkjfyhy flpyogfwo jf jfwgfczyhlkqhgkc fc fl wvy, { hwhmkhcqhywf gobo pyobozoyh jfl jfwhyyollo avwzo {fxvkzhzk}o h ck}fl chgkochl#
Fl bojflo fgocbkgo jf lkiyf bfyghjo hjopzhjojfwpvw jf vc pfykojo jf pyozfggkockwbo h lhkcjvwzykh chgkochl, dh jfahjo gobo f}kjfcgkh lhghlkjhj yfhl jf low wfgzoyfw pyojvgzk}ow
chgkochlfw# Fl dhify hjopzhjo hikfyzhbfczf { wkcckcnc gykzfyko pyf}ko jf pyfphyhgkc fwzf bojflofgocbkgo, jfpykbk hc bw cvfwzyhpyojvggkc pykbhykh { wfgvcjhykh, opzcjowf poyvch zfygkhykqhgkc jf lh fgocobh { fl hvbfczofc low ck}flfw jf kcmoybhlkjhj fc lhw hgzk}kjhjfwpyojvgzk}hw# Wk ikfc fw gkfyzo xvf low kcjkghjoyfwbhgyofgocbkgow bvfwzyhc vc phw wkc kcmlhgkc{ goc gkfyzh fwzhiklkjhj fgocbkgh, low cjkgfw jfyfgfwkc, poiyfqh ftzyfbh, bhynkchgkc,jfwfbplfo { wvifbplfo wf dhc flf}hjo
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8/6/2019 04 AREQUIPA EN EL SIGLO XXI
6/21
HXPlhc 98
Plhc Fwzyhznkgo jf Hyfxvkph Bfzyopolkzhch Bvckgkphlkjhj Pyo}kcgkhl jf Hyfxvkph9:
jyhbzkghbfczf fc low lzkbow 80 how# Lhftpyfwkc mwkgh jf wzow woc f}kjfczfw fc lhwgkvjhjfw pfyvhchw, fwpfgkhlbfczf fc lhw jf
bh{oy jfwhyyollo vyihco jfwpvw jf Lkbh, gobowoc Hyfxvkph { Zyvakllo# Fl jfzfykoyo hbikfczhl,vyihco, wogkhl { gvlzvyhl wf dh hgfczvhjo fc lowlzkbow how, gocmoybhcjo gkvjhjfw fcgocwzhczf pvnch goc fl hbikfczf chzvyhl, { xvfphyh whzkwmhgfy wvw ftknfcgkhw fgocbkghw {wogkhlfw, jfpyfjhc wvw yfgvywow chzvyhlfw {gvlzvyhlfw, yfjvgkfcjo hc bw wvw }fyjhjfyhwpowkiklkjhjfw jf jfwhyyollo#
Fc fwzf goczftzo, lh gkvjhj jf Hyfxvkph yfxvkfyf
moyzhlfgfy fl wviwkwzfbh vyihco chgkochl jfl wvy $lhbhgyo"yfnkc wvy+, phyh gocmoybhy vch yfj vyihch fchlkhcqh goc fl yfwzo jf gkvjhjfw jf lh bhgyo yfnkc,xvf wfh ghphq jf gobpfcwhy fl jfwhyyollo chgkochl {dhgfy myfczf hl gfczyhlkwbo gocmoybhjo poy Lkbh {Ghllho# Phyh fwzf lonyo, Hyfxvkph jfif hmkhcqhy wv yoldkwzykgo { gocwolkjhywf gobo gfczyo pykcgkphl jf lhyfj vyihch jfl wvy jfl phw#
8#7# HBIKZO BHGYOYFNKOCHL [ YFNKOCHL
Lh yfnkc Hyfxvkph gobo fwphgko nfonymkgo, fw fljfphyzhbfczo bw kbpoyzhczf jfl wvy fc lhjfbhyghgkc polzkgh jfl phw# Ogvph vch wvpfymkgkfjf =7,7:: Eb, zkfcf vch poilhgkc zozhl jf 80>9,;64dhikzhczfw, gobpyfcjkfcjo 4 pyo}kcgkhw { 804jkwzykzow# Lkbkzh poy fl coyzf goc Kgh, H{hgvgdo {Gvwgo5 hl fwzf goc Pvco5 hl wvy goc Boxvfnvh { hlofwzf goc fl Oghco Phgmkgo# Gobpyfcjf lhwyfnkocfw jf gowzh { wkfyyh, jocjf lhw phbphwgowzfyhw { lh goyjkllfyh wvy oggkjfczhl woc phkwhafwmyfgvfczfw h lo lhyno jf wv zfyykzoyko#
Hyfxvkph jfphyzhbfczo moybh phyzf jf lh Bhgyo"yfnkc Wvy, avczo goc low jfphyzhbfczow }fgkcow jfBoxvfnvh, Zhgch, Gvwgo, Pvco, Hpvybhg { Bhjyfjf Jkow, xvf hihyghc fl 9=#:& jf lh wvpfymkgkfchgkochl, fw jfgky 7:0,80>#>6 Eb9, goc vc zozhl jf: 878 4:9 dhikzhczfw5 9> 99= gfczyow poilhjow, jf lowgvhlfw fl >,>& woc vyihcow5 { vch jfcwkjhjpoilhgkochl jf 87,88 dhi/Eb#
Lh gocmknvyhgkc hgzvhl jf lh gkvjhj, yfwpocjf h vcgocavczo jf mhgzoyfw, xvf lf pfybkzfc gvbplky vc yolkbpoyzhczf h ck}fl bhgyo yfnkochl# Wv vikghgkc
nfonymkgh fwzyhznkgh { lh kbpoyzhcgkh nhchjh h lolhyno jf ghwk gkcgo wknlow jf ftkwzfcgkh, powkgkochc hHyfxvkph gobo fl gfczyo vyihco jf bh{oy pyfwfcgkhjfczyo jf lh Yfj jf Gkvjhjfw jf lh yfnkc wvy,gocmkykcjolf vc kbpoyzhczf pojfy jf jfgkwkc fc lowhwpfgzow polzkgo"hjbkckwzyhzk}ow, fgocbkgow,wogkhlfw { gvlzvyhlfw jf lh Bhgyo"yfnkc Wvy#, gockcmlvfcgkh fc lh yfnkc Hlzo Hcjkch Wvjhbfykghch, xvfkc}olvgyh h Iolk}kh, fl wvyofwzf jf Iyhwkl, fl coyzf jfGdklf { fl coyofwzf jf Hynfczkch#
Fc fwzf fwphgko nfonymkgo, jf }hykhilfwghyhgzfywzkghw fgocbkghw, wogkhlfw, nfonymkghw {chzvyhlfw, Hyfxvkph gvbplf vc yol jf Gkvjhj jfWfy}kgkow5 fwz fcmoghjh fc lh pyfwzhgkc jf wfy}kgkowphyh lh pyojvggkc { hgzk}kjhjfw zfygkhykhw, hjfbwjf hzyhfy hcvhlbfczf h kbpoyzhczfw mlvaow jfpoilhgkc vck}fywkzhykh pyo}fckfczf jf lhw ozyhwgkvjhjfw jf lh qoch wvy jfl phw, gocwzyv{fcjo vckcgkpkfczf yol gobo gfczyo jf jkmvwkc phyh lhfjvghgkc { ghphgkzhgkc h ck}fl bhgyo"yfnkochl wvy#
Fc fl wkwzfbh vyihco jf lh Bhgyo"yfnkc, Hyfxvkph
jfwzhgh gobo vch bfzypolk jf pykbfy oyjfc,gocgfczyhcjo h ghwk 400,000 dhikzhczfw# Wkc fbihynoozyhw gkvjhjfw zhbikc dhc wvynkjo fc low lzkbowhow gobo kbpoyzhczfw gfczyow vyihcow, gobo1Gvqgo $700 000 dhikzhczfw+, Zhgch $990 000dhikzhczfw+ { Avlkhgh $8;6 000 dhikzhczfw+# Lhw ozyhwgkvjhjfw jf fwzf wkwzfbh vyihco ghlkmkghc gobogkvjhjfw kczfybfjkhw { gkvjhjfw bfcoyfw, poy wvwghyhgzfywzkghw fgocbkghw, wogkhlfw { mwkghw#
Fl wkwzfbh vyihco jf lh Bhgyo"yfnkc Wvy pyfwfczh
ihaow ck}flfw jf godfwkc, hyzkgvlhgkc pyojvgzk}h {gobplfbfczhykfjhj fczyf wvw wviwkwzfbhwyfnkochlfw, gobphycjolow goc fl coyzf jfl phw# Fwzhwkzvhgkc oyknkch poiyfw yflhgkocfw jf pyojvggkc,gocwvbo, kczfyghbiko { nfwzkc fczyf lhw jk}fywhwgkvjhjfw, hnyh}cjowf poy low jfmkgkfczfw wkwzfbhwjf gobvckghgkc { lh jkmgkl gocmknvyhgkc mwkghnfonymkgh jfl zfyykzoyko# Wkc fbihyno lowbfnhpyo{fgzow phyh fl bfaoyhbkfczo { gocwzyvggkcjf kcmyhfwzyvgzvyhw, fczyf lhw xvf pojfbow bfcgkochyh1 lh Ghyyfzfyh Kczfyogfckgh Pfy"Iyhwkl5 lhw
8/6/2019 04 AREQUIPA EN EL SIGLO XXI
7/21
HXPlhc 98
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8/6/2019 04 AREQUIPA EN EL SIGLO XXI
8/21
HXPlhc 98
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8/6/2019 04 AREQUIPA EN EL SIGLO XXI
9/21
HXPlhc 98
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8/6/2019 04 AREQUIPA EN EL SIGLO XXI
10/21
HXPlhc 98
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8/6/2019 04 AREQUIPA EN EL SIGLO XXI
11/21
HXPlhc 98
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8/6/2019 04 AREQUIPA EN EL SIGLO XXI
12/21
HXPlhc 98
Plhc Fwzyhznkgo jf Hyfxvkph Bfzyopolkzhch Bvckgkphlkjhj Pyo}kcgkhl jf Hyfxvkph70
9#6# LHW HGZK]KJHJFW VYIHCHW
Fl vwo yfwkjfcgkhl ogvph bw jfl 60& jfl wvflo
vyihco, goc}kyzkcjowf fc vc vwo kbpoyzhczf {ghyhgzfykqhjoy jf lh gocmknvyhgkc hgzvhl jf low vwowjf wvflo# Wkc fbihyno, fc low lzkbow 90 how, flpfwo poygfczvhl jfl vwo yfwkjfcgkhl wf dh yfjvgkjoghwk fc vc :0& jfikjo hl h}hcgf jf ozyhw hgzk}kjhjfwgobo gobfygko { fjvghgkc#
Fl fxvkphbkfczo fwz loghlkqhjo ghwk ftglvwk}hbfczffc fl yfh gfczyhl, pykcgkphlbfczf yfmfykjo hhjbkckwzyhgkc pilkgh { pyk}hjh, ihcgh { mkchcqhw,wfnvykjhj gkvjhjhch { fxvkphbkfczo gobfygkhl { jfwfy}kgkow vyihcow, oyknkccjowf vc pyogfwo jf
hjhpzhgkc jf hgzk}kjhjfw co plhckmkghjhw fcfwphgkow co hpzow phyh fllow f kcgobphzkiklkjhjfw fcfl vwo jfl wvflo, goc low gocwfgvfczfw kbphgzowcfnhzk}ow { jfzfykoyo jf low dfgdow mwkgow { fwphgkowxvf low hlifynhc#
Fc lo xvf wf yfmkfyf h lh jkwzykivgkc jf fxvkphbkfczowfc fl yfwzo jf lh gkvjhj, wzow co yfwpocjfc h vcwkwzfbh jf oynhckqhgkc xvf hyzkgvlf lh hgzk}kjhjyfwkjfcgkhl goc low wfy}kgkow xvf wzow omyfgfc, wkcoxvf wf loghlkqhc wfnc fl goczftzo wogkhl o polzkgo jfl
bobfczo, wkc vch glhyh jfmkckgkc jf ck}flfwafyyxvkgow { yhjkow jf hggkc hjfgvhjow#
Mvfczf1 Ftpfjkfczf Vyihco#" HXPlhc 98 ! Wkc gocwkjfyhy }hw {ghvgfw jf yow { zoyyfczfyhw#
Flhioyhgkc1 Fxvkpo HXPLHC 98
Lh gkvjhj co gvfczh goc fwphgkow pilkgowhjfgvhjow xvf oynhckgfc lhw jkwzkczhw hgzk}kjhjfw5lhw yfhw }fyjfw vyihchw woc jf ghygzfy jkwpfywo {hzobkqhjo, loghlkqhjhw pykcgkphlbfczf fc lhw qochwyfwkjfcgkhlfw# Wkc fbihyno low cjkgfw bckbowyfxvfykjow jf yfh }fyjf poy dhikzhczf co wocgvikfyzow $4 h 89 b/dhi+, llfncjowf h wlo 6#4b/dhi#
GVHJYO YFWVBFC JF LOW VWOW JF WVFLOJF HYFXVKPH BFZYOPOLKZHCH HO 9008
HYFHWVWOW Dh &
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]k}kfcjh gobfygko::>#40 6#6
Fxvkphbkfczo jf Fjvghgkc 9=;#60 7#:
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8/6/2019 04 AREQUIPA EN EL SIGLO XXI
13/21
HXPlhc 98
Plhc Fwzyhznkgo jf Hyfxvkph Bfzyopolkzhch Bvckgkphlkjhj Pyo}kcgkhl jf Hyfxvkph78
Low fwphgkowpilkgow fc flyfh Gfczyhl
Jfczyo jf lh Kcmyhfwzyvgzvyh Pyojvgzk}h, zfcfbow lhjfwzkchjh h lh hgzk}kjhj kcjvwzykhl { fl gobfygko# Lhpykbfyo yfpyfwfczh fl 0#6& jfl wvflo vyihco, fc wv
bh{oyh jf ghygzfy hyzfwhchl $jfwhyyollhjo fc}k}kfcjh zhllfy+5 wfbkhyzfwhchl $jf hlghcgfbfzyopolkzhco co gobphzkilf goc }k}kfcjh+ { lk}khch$jf ghygzfy yfnkochl, jfwhyyollhjo fc loghlfwfwpfgkhlfw+# Poy ozyo lhjo, fl gobfygko wf gocwzkzv{ffc lh hgzk}kjhj jf bh{oy gyfgkbkfczo fc low lzkbow 90how, phwhcjo jf 94& h =6& jfl zozhl jfl wvflovyihco $pykcgkphlbfczf fc fl yfh gfczyhl+# Fwzyfpyfwfczhjo poy1 Plhqh jf Hybhw $gobfygko gfczyhlbfzyopolkzhco+5 Bfyghjo Whc Ghbklo $gobfygkokczfcwk}o jf gocwvbo+, H}# Wknlo TT $gobfygko
popvlhy bfzyopolkzhco+ { fl yfh gocmoybhjh poy lhw H}w# H# H# Ggfyfw, Hlgkjfw Ghyyfc { Low Kcghw$gobfygko bh{oykwzh { bfcoykwzh jf hihwzow+# Fwkbpoyzhczf wfhlhy xvf fl gobfygko qochl { loghl wffcgvfczyh jkwzykivkjo poy zojh lh gkvjhj, pfyo wlo fl60& jfl gobfygko wf fcgvfczyh gobikchjo goc lhhgzk}kjhj yfwkjfcgkhl, fwpfgkhlbfczf lh vckmhbklkhy#
9#=# LHW LKBKZHGKOCFW FC LH
KCMYHFWZYVGZVYH ]KHL [ FL
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jfikjo h lh mhlzh jf plhckmkghgkc, mhlzh jf hvzoykjhj,wkzvhgkc fgocbkgh, fzg# Wvw flfbfczowgocwzkzvzk}ow1 Lh Kcmyhfwzyvgzvyh ]khl1 fw jf zkpo bocogczykgh goc}hw pykcgkphlfw yhjkhlfw { fwghwhw, lhw }hwwfgvcjhykhw pyfwfczhc wfggkocfw }hykhilfw { jf poghghphgkjhj, fwzh jk}kjkjh poy fl yo Gdklk woiyf fl gvhl flcbfyo jf pvfczfw fw kcwvmkgkfczf { lh bh{oyh jffllow jf wfggkc lkbkzhjh# Fwzf wkwzfbh }khl wf dh kjogocmoybhcjo kcoynckghbfczf h lo lhyno jfl zkfbpo#Fw cfgfwhyko gocwzkzvky hckllow }khlfw xvf kczfygocfgzfclhw }hw yhjkhlfw { jozhylh jf vc wkwzfbh jfwfhlkqhgkc { wfbhmoykqhgkc hjfgvhjow#
Mvfczf1 Jkyfggkc jf Zyhcwpoyzfw#" Bvckgkphlkjhj Pyo}kcgkhl jfHyfxvkph
Flhioyhgkc1 Fxvkpo HXPlhc 98 Lh Omfyzh1 jow zkpow jf zyhcwpoyzf gocmoybhc ghwk flzozhl jf lh omfyzh, fl pykbfyo fl zyhcwpoyzf bhwk}o fwzh
gocwzkzvkjh poy fbpyfwhw pyk}hjhw, lhw bkwbhw xvfco mvcgkochc gobo zhlfw jfikjo h xvf lhw vckjhjfwwoc jkyfgzhbfczf hjbkckwzyhjhw poy wvw pyopkfzhykow,lh mlozh fw hczknvh, { fwzh bh{oybfczf gocwzkzvkjh poyvckjhjfw jf pogh ghphgkjhj# Lh wfnvcjh fl Wfy}kgkojf ZHTK lo gocmoybhc hlyfjfjoy jf 86,000 vckjhjfwjocjf fl zkpo pyfjobkchczf jf }fdgvlo fw jf phgopfwo { ghphgkjhj bckbh $Jhf~o Zkgo+, woczyhcwpoyzkwzhw kcjfpfcjkfczfw, bv{ poghw fbpyfwhpyk}hjhw# Lh zhwh hcvhl jf gyfgkbkfczo jfl phyxvfhvzobozoy, dhwzh 8;;8 co phwhih jfl 7&, fc 8;;6
GVHJYO JF ]FDKGVLOW HVZOYKQHJOW PHYHPYFWZHY FL WFY]KGKO JF ZYHCWPOYZF
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8:08 h 7800 89 84 977: 64
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bckivw 6:08 h bw 70 " :0 9=4 >
ZOZHL :09= 800
8/6/2019 04 AREQUIPA EN EL SIGLO XXI
14/21
HXPlhc 98
Plhc Fwzyhznkgo jf Hyfxvkph Bfzyopolkzhch Bvckgkphlkjhj Pyo}kcgkhl jf Hyfxvkph79
fwzh zhwh llfno h wvpfyhy fl 86& xvf mvf gocwfgvfcgkhjf lh kbpoyzhgkc jf }fdgvlow vwhjow# Lh Jfbhcjh1 Low phzyocfw jf vwo jf zyhcwpoyzf
xvf jfbhcjh low vwvhykow goczyh}kfcfc lowfwzcjhyfw kczfychgkochlfw, pvfw wolkgkzhc phyhjfyoghjh gvhjyh { yfgoyykjow wkcvowow xvf lo hgfygh h wvjfwzkco, co dh{ gowzvbiyf jf ghbkchy# Wf fwzkbh xvffc Hyfxvkph lh jfbhcjh hgzvhl jf zyhcwpoyzf pilkgovyihco fc lh gkvjhj fw jf >00,000 phwhafw poy jh#Co ftkwzfc f}hlvhgkocfw yfhlfw jf Oyknfc Jfwzkco# Fl Zycwkzo1 Co ftkwzf vc mlvao }fdkgvlhy hybckgo {mvcgkochl jf hgvfyjo h wv Oyknfc { Jfwzkco, ck h lhOmfyzh { Jfbhcjh jfl wfy}kgko jf zyhcwpoyzf pilkgovyihco# Zhbpogo dh{ }hw fwpfgkhlkqhjhw poy lo xvf
zojo zkpo jf }fdgvlo pvfjf vwhy gvhlxvkfy }h# Lhwfhlkqhgkc fwghwh, vc wkwzfbh jf wfbhmoykqhgkcghwk kcftkwzfczf { lhw wfggkocfw jf }hw jfl yfhgfczyhl jf lh gkvjhj { fl gyfgkbkfczo ftplowk}o fc lowlzkbow how, dh dfgdo xvf fl zycwkzo jf lh gkvjhj jfzobf ghyhgzfywzkghw jf bo}klkjhj lfczh, gowzow jfzycwkzo flf}hjo, jfzfykoyo jf }hw { hlzhgoczhbkchgkc hbikfczhl# Lh Yfnvlhgkc5 kczfy}kfcfc blzkplfw hgzoyfw, flnoikfyco gfczyhl h zyh}w jfl BZG fbkzkfcjo lhwcoybhw chgkochlfw, lh Bvckgkphlkjhjfw Pyo}kcgkhl xvf
zkfcfc mvcgkocfw hjbkckwzyhzk}hw, mkwghlkqhjoyhw,coybhzk}hw { bhczfckbkfczo { jf jfwhyyollo jf lh Yfj]khl5 lhw Bvckgkphlkjhjfw Jkwzykzhlfw xvf zkfcfcmvcgkocfw jf Mkwghlkqhgkc, bhczfckbkfczo { jfwhyyollojf lh Yfj ]khl5 Lh Polkgh Chgkochl Pfy h zyh}w jfJKWF]K zkfcf fl goczyol jf zycwkzo#
9#># FL JFWHYYOLLO FGOCOBKGO
Lh fgocobh bfzyopolkzhch { yfnkochl wf dh }kwzolkbkzhjh phyh kcwfyzhywf fc fl pyogfwo jf lkifyhlkqhgkcfgocbkgh pyobo}kjo poy fl noikfyco gfczyhl,nfcfyhcjo pyomvcjow jfwfxvklkiykow fc lh gkvjhj,gobo gocwfgvfcgkh jf vch ihwf pyojvgzk}hfwghwhbfczf jfwhyyollhjh, jiklbfczf hyzkgvlhjh {hlzhbfczf jfpfcjkfczf jf kcwvbow ftzyh yfnkochlfw,jocjf lh jfbhcjh kczfych fwz yfwzykcnkjh gobogocwfgvfcgkh jf low pyogfwow yfgfwk}ow { poy lhjkmvwkc nfcfyhlkqhjh jf phvzhw jf gocwvbo {ftpfgzhzk}hw jf }kjh kbpoyzhjhw jf ozyhw yfhlkjhjfw#
Mvfczf1 Jkhncwzkgo Wogko Fgocbkgo { Pyojvgzk}o $HXPlhc 98+ #"Pyo{fgzo jf Yfhgzk}hgkc jfl Wvy $PYOWVY " VCWH GHM+
Flhioyhgkc1 Fxvkpo HXPLHC 98Low pykcgkphlfw kcjkghjoyfw fgocbkgow jf lh gkvjhjyfmlfahc hlzow poygfczhafw jf jfwfbplfo { wvifbplfo,
GVHJYO YFWVBFC JF KCJKGHJOYFWFGOCOBKGOW JF HYFXVKPH BFZYOPOLKZHCH
KCJKGHJOY
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8/6/2019 04 AREQUIPA EN EL SIGLO XXI
15/21
HXPlhc 98
Plhc Fwzyhznkgo jf Hyfxvkph Bfzyopolkzhch Bvckgkphlkjhj Pyo}kcgkhl jf Hyfxvkph77
goc vch ihwf pyojvgzk}h zfygkhykqhjh# Low ck}flfw jfkcnyfwo jf lh poilhgkc co woc low hjfgvhjow phyhhlghcqhy ck}flfw jf }kjh gocmoyzhilfw, wkzvhgkc xvf
yfpfygvzf fc lh moybh gobo wf dh ogvphjo { ogvph lhgkvjhj, gyfcjowf goyjocfw jf bhynkchlkjhj {pyfghykfjhj hlyfjfjoy jfl yfh gocwolkjhjh {jkwbkcv{fcjo lh fmkgkfcgkh jfl wkwzfbh vyihco#
WFGZOY PYKBHYKO
Lh pykcgkphl hgzk}kjhj pykbhykh jfwhyyollhjh fc lhbfzypolk lh gocwzkzv{f lh hnykgvlzvyh { lh hgzk}kjhjpfgvhykh# Lh hnykgvlzvyh fc lh ghbpkh wf ghyhgzfykqh
poy vch mvfyzf pyfwfcgkh jfl bkckmvcjko, lh hplkghgkcjf zfgcolonh zyhjkgkochl pogo jk}fywkmkghjh, fwghwhkcmyhfwzyvgzvyh jf ykfno, pogo jfwhyyollo jf lowwfy}kgkow jf wopoyzf, pyfghykow ck}flfw jfhwogkhzk}kjhj { jfmkgkfczf wkwzfbh jf gobfygkhlkqhgkcf kczfyghbiko, mhgzoyfw wzow xvf lkbkzhc lhwopoyzvckjhjfw loghlfw phyh fl jfwhyyollo jfhgzk}kjhjfw jf hnyokcjvwzykh { hnyo"ftpoyzhgkc# Fwzhwghyhgzfywzkghw goczykiv{fc hl pyogfwo jf jfwhphykgkcjf lh ghbpkh, jfikjo h lh bh{oy yfczhiklkjhj jflwvflo xvf wf oizkfcf poy fl pyogfwo jf vyihckqhgkc#
Flhioyhgkc1 Fxvkpo HXPLHC 98Mvfczf1 Jkhncwzkgo Wogko Fgocbkgo { Pyojvgzk}o $HXPlhc 98+#" }Pyo{fgzo jf Yfhgzk}hgkc jfl Wvy $PYOWVY " VCWH GHM+
GVHJYO YFWVBFC JF LH HGZK]KJHJHNYKGOLH FC LH GHBPKH HYFXVKPFH
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80#40 &
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8=#90 &
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Fl pyogfwo jfjfwhphykgkc jflh ghbpkh poylh gyfgkfczfvyihckqhgkc {lh ihahyfczhiklkjhj jflh hnykgvlzvyh#
8/6/2019 04 AREQUIPA EN EL SIGLO XXI
16/21
HXPlhc 98
Plhc Fwzyhznkgo jf Hyfxvkph Bfzyopolkzhch Bvckgkphlkjhj Pyo}kcgkhl jf Hyfxvkph7:
H pfwhy jf fwzf phcoyhbh hj}fywo, ftkwzfc hlnvcowkcjkghjoyfw xvf hpvczhc h vch powkiklkjhj yfhl jfbfaoyh jf lh hnykgvlzvyh, gobo low cjkgfw jf
pyojvgzk}kjhj $low bh{oyfw fc lh yfnkc wvy+5 lhpyfwfcgkh jf ftzfcwow }hllfw jfczyo jfl bikzo jfkcmlvfcgkh jf lh gkvjhj phyh fl jfwhyyollo jf lhhgzk}kjhj hnyokcjvwzykhl, gobo ]zoy, Wknvhw, Ogoh {lhw Kyyknhgkocfw jf Lh Ao{h, Whc Kwkjyo, Whc Ghbklo {Bhafw, hjfbw jf lh fwpfgkhlkqhgkc fc gvlzk}owpfybhcfczfw { fwzhgkochykow, gobo1 gfiollh, hao,bhq, phph { doyzhlkqhw#
Ozyhw hgzk}kjhjfw pykbhykhw jfwhyyollhjhw fc lh gkvjhjwoc lh pfgvhykh { lh bkcfyh# Lh pykbfyh zkfcf goboihwf lh hgzk}kjhj nhchjfyh { lfgdfyh, { lh wfnvcjh lhgocwzkzv{fc lh bfjkhch bkcfyh jf polkbfzlkgow$goiyf, plhzh, qkcg, plobo { oyo+5 { lh pfxvfh bkcfyhgocwzkzvkjh poy hpyotkbhjhbfczf 600 Dh jfjfcvcgkow, gocgfwkocfw { fjkmkghgkocfw jfghyhgzfywzkghw kcmoybhlfw# Lh hgzk}kjhj bkcfyh zkfcfghyhgzfywzkghw jf fcglh}f, jfwzhghcjo flhwfczhbkfczo bkcfyo jf Gfyyo ]fyjf, goc vchghphgkjhj jf ftpoyzhgkc jf :6000 ZB { vc hpoyzfpyobfjko jf 8:0 bkllocfw jf jlhyfw hcvhlfw h lhfgocobh yfnkochl# Poy ozyo lhjo, fc lh gkvjhj wfjfwhyyollh lh hgzk}kjhj bkcfyh co bfzlkgh ftzfcwk}h fkcmoybhl $hnyfnhjow phyh lh gocwzyvggkc+, fc wvbh{oyh, fc low jkwzykzow jf [vyh, Poloih{h, Bollfih{h,Whihcjh, Bkyhmloyfw, Woghih{h, Vgdvbh{o { GfyyoGoloyhjo#
WFGZOY WFGVCJHYKO
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ftpyfwhjh fc lh fwghwh goopfyhgkc { hyzkgvlhgkcfczyf lhw jk}fywhw yhbhw jf lh kcjvwzykh { jf wzh goclow wfy}kgkow yfxvfykjow5 lh kcmyhfwzyvgzvyh pyojvgzk}hftkwzfczf pfxvfh, jk}fywh { pogo wkwzfbhzkqhjh5 flyflhzk}o hkwlhbkfczo fc lh nfwzkc jf cfnogkow, jocjfghjh xvkfc ivwgh yfwol}fy wvw pyoilfbhw wolo5 fljfwhpyo}fgdhbkfczo jf lhw }fczhahw jf lh fgocobhjf yfj { lh mhlzh jf kczfyghbiko jf kcmoybhgkc {ftpfykfcgkh phyh fl gyfgkbkfczo jfl bfyghjo, wocmhgzoyfw xvf dhc kcmlvkjo cfnhzk}hbfczf fc fl wfgzoy
kcjvwzykhl hyfxvkpfo, ghvwhcjo fl gkfyyf pyonyfwk}ojf lhw fbpyfwhw { fl zyhwlhjo dhgkh fl bfyghjolkbfo# Fwzh wkzvhgkc dh hnvjkqhjo lh yfgfwkc
fgocbkgh fc lh gkvjhj, hvbfczhcjo fl jfwfbplfo {wvifbplfo { ihahcjo low ck}flfw jf kcnyfwo fc lhfgocobh mhbklkhy loghl#Fc lh gkvjhj, ftkwzfc vc nyhc cbfyo jf P[BFWwvynkjhw h yhq jf lh cfgfwkjhj jf hvzo nfcfyhgkc jfmvfczfw jf fbplfo, poy lh mhlzh jf opoyzvckjhjfw fclow jkmfyfczfw wfgzoyfw pyojvgzk}ow# Lh bh{oyh jffllhw $hlyfjfjoy jf =0&+ wf fcgvfczyhc fc lh yhbhbhcvmhgzvyfyh, jfjkgcjowf h lh flhioyhgkc jfhlkbfczow { ifikjhw, pyfcjhw jf }fwzky, bvfilfw,fwzyvgzvyhw bfzlkghw, kbpyfczhw, zfakjow, hyzfwhchw {zyhihaow fc gvfyow# Fc bfcoy poygfczhaf wffcgvfczyhc lhw jfjkghjhw h wfy}kgkow $zvykwbo,gobfygko { zyhcwpoyzf+ { h lh pyojvggkc kcjvwzykhl#
Fw kbpoyzhczf wfhlhy xvf ftkwzfc jk}fywhwhnyvphgkocfw jf P[BFW hwogkhjhw wfnc wv yhbh jfhgzk}kjhj, fczyf lhw xvf zfcfbow1 BKWVY $BvafyfwKcjvwzykhlfw jfl Wvy+, Gbhyh P[BFW $goc fl hpo{o jflh Gbhyh jf Gobfygko f Kcjvwzykh jf Hyfxvkph+, HPFBKPF $Hwogkhgkc Pfyvhch jf Bkgyo { Pfxvfh
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hgzk}kjhjfwkcmoybhlfw { jf
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lh mhlzh jffbplfo#
8/6/2019 04 AREQUIPA EN EL SIGLO XXI
17/21
HXPlhc 98
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8/6/2019 04 AREQUIPA EN EL SIGLO XXI
18/21
HXPlhc 98
Plhc Fwzyhznkgo jf Hyfxvkph Bfzyopolkzhch Bvckgkphlkjhj Pyo}kcgkhl jf Hyfxvkph7=
Mvfczf1 Pyo{fgzo jf Yfhgzk}hgkc jfl Wvy $PYOWVY " VCWH GHM+Flhioyhgkc1 Fxvkpo HXPLHC 98
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8/6/2019 04 AREQUIPA EN EL SIGLO XXI
19/21
HXPlhc 98
Plhc Fwzyhznkgo jf Hyfxvkph Bfzyopolkzhch Bvckgkphlkjhj Pyo}kcgkhl jf Hyfxvkph7>
Mvfczf1 Jkhncwzkgo Wogko Fgocbkgo { Pyojvgzk}o $HXPlhc 98+ #" Pyo{fgzo jfYfhgzk}hgkc jfl Wvy $PYOWVY " VCWH GHM+
Flhioyhgkc1 Fxvkpo HXPLHC 98
Ozyo hwpfgzo kbpoyzhczf h gocwkjfyhy fw fl nyhjo jfwhzkwmhggkc gkvjhjhch, fwzvjko yfhlkqhjo poyPYOWVY fc 8;;; xvf zobh gobo ihwf low
kcjkghjoyfw jf wfnvykjhj, zolfyhcgkh, fwphygkbkfczo,bfjko hbikfczf kbhnfc jf lh gkvjhj { noikfycobvckgkphl, phyzkgkphgkc, wfy}kgkow iwkgow fkcmyhfwzyvgzvyh jf wfy}kgkow, zyhcwpoyzf { whzkwmhggkcjf fbplfo, fl gvhl wf goc}kfyzf fc vch }kwkcgobplfbfczhykh h low fwzvjkow woiyf poilhgkcyfhlkqhjow zyhjkgkochlbfczf { xvf pfybkzf zfcfy vchkbhnfc kczfnyhl jf lh gkvjhj { wv poilhgkc#
Fc fwzf fwzvjko wf gocglv{f xvf Hyfxvkph fw vchgkvjhj fc lh xvf wvw dhikzhczfw fcgvfczyhc
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Poy ozyo lhjo, low ozyow kcjkghjoyfw wogkhlfw bvfwzyhch Hyfxvkph goc vch kbpoyzhczf pykbhgh wogkhl myfczfh low jfbw jfphyzhbfczow jf lh yfnkc wvy, goc1
::#4 poy bkl jf zhwh jf boyzhlkjhj kcmhczkl5
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;>,;9&, gviykfcjo ghwk lh zozhlkjhj jf lh jfbhcjhftkwzfczf#
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KCJKGHJOYFW JF WHZKWMHGGKC GKVJHJHCH FCHYFXVKPH BFZYOPOLKZHCH
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8/6/2019 04 AREQUIPA EN EL SIGLO XXI
20/21
HXPlhc 98
Plhc Fwzyhznkgo jf Hyfxvkph Bfzyopolkzhch Bvckgkphlkjhj Pyo}kcgkhl jf Hyfxvkph74
9#80# FL PHZYKBOCKO GVLZVYHL
Fl Gfczyo Dkwzykgo { Qoch Bocvbfczhl jf Hyfxvkphwoc fl phzykbocko gvlzvyhl fjkmkghjo bw wknckmkghzk}ojf lh yfnkc { vco jf low bw kbpoyzhczfw jfl phw5}hloy yfgocogkjo poy lh VCFWGO fc co}kfbiyf jfl9000 hl wfy jfglhyhjo Phzykbocko Gvlzvyhl jf lhDvbhckjhj# Fwz gocwzkzvkjo poy 9,600 kcbvfilfw, jflow gvhlfw 80& zkfcfc lh ghzfnoyh jf BocvbfczoDkwzykgo, 80& wf fcgvfczyhc fc ghlkjhj jfpyopvfwzow { 90& woc jf }hloy wknckmkghzk}o $600kcbvfilfw+#
Jfczyo jf low pyoilfbhw xvf fcmyfczh fl PhzykbockoGvlzvyhl fjkmkghjo, zfcfbow lh wvpfypowkgkc jf lh
Gfczyhlkjhj Pykcgkphl jf lh gkvjhj goc fl GfczyoDkwzykgo, dfgdo xvf dh jhjo lvnhy h lh jfnyhjhgkcjf lhw fwzyvgzvyhw vyihchw { hyxvkzfgzckghw gobogocwfgvfcgkh jf1
Fl hvbfczo jf ogvphgkc jfl wvflo fchgzk}kjhjfw zfygkhykhw, phwhcjo jfl 94& fc 8;40hl =6& fc fl 9000, gobfygko xvf dh jfwplhqhjo hlh }k}kfcjh, yfjvgkcjolh h lh bkzhj fc fl bkwbopfykojo#
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jfl zozhl phwh poy lh qoch, fw jfgky, 7600vckjhjfw hzyh}kfwhc jkhykhbfczf fl gfczyodkwzykgo, gocmlkgzvhcjo lh yflhgkc }fdgvlo"pfhzc#
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Fwzh jfnyhjhgkc jf lh fwzyvgzvyh vyihch nfcfyh1 lhbojkmkghgkc kchjfgvhjh jfl wopoyzf mwkgo phyh lhwhzkwmhggkc jf cvf}hw jfbhcjhw, lh jfw}hloykqhgkcjf lh pyopkfjhj kcbvfilf, zvnvykqhgkc, kcwhlviykjhj {fc gocwfgvfcgkh pyjkjh jf lh ghlkjhj jf }kjh,jfiklkzhbkfczo jf lh godfwkc wogkhl poy vch hvwfcgkhjf hpyopkhgkc jfl lvnhy, jcjowf lhw gocjkgkocfwphyh wfy lvbpfckqhjo, hihcjochjo o woiyfvzklkqhjo#Dhwzh hczfw jfl zfyyfbozo jfl 97 jf avcko jfl 9008, flnyhjo jf gocwfy}hgkc fjklkgkh fc lh ghzfnoyh jf
bhlo { yvkcowo fyh jfl 80 Powzfykoybfczf hl wkwbofwzf hvbfcz hl :6& jfl zozhl jf kcbvfilfw fc bhlhwgocjkgkocfw, lo xvf bhckmkfwzh fl hlzo nyhjo jf
}vlcfyhiklkjhj gocwzyvgzk}h { wogkhl jfl GfczyoDkwzykgo#
Ozyo jf low gobpocfczfw jf fwzf Phzykbocko Gvlzvyhllo gocmoybhc low Pvfilow Zyhjkgkochlfw { Yfwzow Hyxvfolnkgow, xvf jfifc wfy fczfcjkjow gobo flflfbfczo gobplfbfczhyko hl Gfczyo Dkwzykgo jfHyfxvkph pvfw wf fcgvfczyhc yflhgkochjow zhczo mwkghgobo wogkhlbfczf# Hyfxvkph gvfczh hc goc lhpyfwfcgkh jf 9: pvfilow zyhjkgkochlfw fc jkwzkczownyhjow jf gocwfy}hgkc# Wf jfmkcfc 7 zkpow1
Pvfilow kcwfyzhjow fc fl bikzo vyihco1 [hchdvhyh, Gh{bh, Whc Hczocko, Phbphwjfl Gvwgo, Whc Lqhyo#
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Vc >0& jf fllow wf vikghc jfczyo jf lh Ghbpkh# Fwzfphzykbocko wf fcgvfczyh pygzkghbfczf hihcjochjo,fw jfgky1 co gvfczhc goc ckcnc zkpo jf pyozfggkc $hftgfpgkc jf hlnvchw knlfwkhw jf bhcfyh wkcnvlhy+5 codhc jfwhyyollhjo Plhcfw Fwpfgkhlfw xvf pyfwfy}fc lowgocavczow fjklkgkow { co wf fcgvfczyhc kc}fczhykhjow,poy lo zhczo co ftkwzf vch f}hlvhgkc xvf pfybkzhnyhjow jf pyozfggkc#
Low Ghbkcow Yvyhlfw, Hgfxvkhw { Hcjfcfyhw, woc lhftpyfwkc jf vc phzykbocko gvlzvyhl"chzvyhl, fw jfgkybktzo# Fwzow wf gocwzkzv{fyoc fc lh yfj { fl wopoyzflonwzkgo jfl wkwzfbh vyihco yvyhl, pvfw hyzkgvlhyoc flgfczyo pykcgkphl goc low pvfilow zyhjkgkochlfw, yhqcpoy lh gvhl fwzc jozhjow jf vc mvfyzf goczfckjodkwzykgo"phzykbockhl goc }hloyfw fwzzkgow pyopkow {jf fczoyco, xvf fc bvgdow ghwow, fwzchgobphhjow { gocmknvyhjow poy gobpocfczfwfjklkgkow#
8/6/2019 04 AREQUIPA EN EL SIGLO XXI
21/21
HXPlhc 98
Plhc Fwzyhznkgo jf Hyfxvkph Bfzyopolkzhch Bvckgkphlkjhj Pyo}kcgkhl jf Hyfxvkph7;
Fwzf phzykbocko fjkmkghjo, gocwfy}h { goczkfcf fc wvkczfykoy zojo vc phzykbocko kczhcnkilf, gocwzkzvkjo poy1lhw gowzvbiyfw, lh gobkjh, lh bwkgh, hihyghcjo
kcglvwo, low yfnkochlkwbow lkcnwzkgow { bojkwbow,xvf wf gocwzkzv{fc fc fl gobplfbfczo mvcjhbfczhl hwfy yfgvpfyhjo, bfjkhczf lh moybvlhgkc jf polzkghwkczfnyhlfw jf pyozfggkc { mobfczo jfl PhzykbockoGvlzvyhl# Fl fczfcjkbkfczo jf vch gkvjhj gocmoybhjhpoy lo vyihco { lh ghbpkh, jfify gocjvgkycow hyfhmkybhy { yfgvpfyhy fwzh yflhgkc dkwzykgh, gobo vcpyogfwo xvf gocllf}h hl moyzhlfgkbkfczo jf lh kjfczkjhjgolfgzk}h# Fwzh ftpyfwkc jf lh gvlzvyh vyihch { yvyhlwf gocwzkzv{f fc zojo vc yfpfyzoyko goc pozfcgkhl phyhfl hgyfgfczhbkfczo jfl PHZYKBOCKO GVLZVYHL#
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