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Low PowerIndoor

Repeaters

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Why provide indoor coverage?

Customers are used to make phone calls everywhere.

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Advantages for indoor coverage

Dedicated indoor systems provide homogenous RF radiation andreduce fadingHigher overall DL RX level for better BEROvercome high penetration loss into concrete buildingsReduced mobile TX power for reduction of wideband interference/noise (especially for UMTS)Longer standby time of mobiles.

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Course Overview

Variants of indoor repeatersSystem planningInstallation and setup, levellingTrouble shooting

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MRx03 Product Description

Bi-directional low power amplifier semi-distributed system.There are four basic system elements:

Mini Repeater (MRxxx) Active Splitter (MSxxx) Active Antenna Cable booster (MBxxx) (MAxxx)

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•The mini-repeater is a up to 50 dB bi-directional amplifier•A signal is down-converted to an IF, filter(SAW or lumped element), up-converted andamplified. The output power of abt. +8 to +13dBm is sufficient for indoor application.(It makes no sense to have a DL power of +36dBm in a building of 1000m²)

•The mini-repeater requires power eitherfrom an external supply or via the RF cable

MRx03 Product Description

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MRx03 Building Blocks

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Cell Site

Donor Antenna9 dBd gain Radiating Antenna

0 dBd gain

MRx0350 dB gain Mobile Phone

-75 dBm in

Typical Indoor-Installation

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Create a level diagramm

The signal, received from a BTS at a certain signal level, will pass all the HF parts of therepeater system. Therefore, the output signal level depends on the input signal level, theantenna gain of the donor antenna, the cable loss, the repeater gain and the antenna gain ofthe coverage antenna. Only the donor antenna gain and the cable loss are variable The aimis to get a high signal level without exceeding the max. output power of the repeater.Therefore it is useful to measure the signal strength of the BTS signal, to create a leveldiagram and to keep an eye on the level diagram during the whole planing process. Have alook on UL as well, especially in cascaded systems.

gain loss gain

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Typical MRx03 Design

Engineering Procedure for MRx03(Role by thumb)1. Set a portable to the mode used for RSSI measurements.2. Walk to the side of the building needing coverage closest to the nearest cell site. Take several RSSI measurements and average.3. If the donor antennas has to be roof mounted, adjust the averaged measurement as follows:

• Location is not blocked by trees or buildingsand installed donor antenna will not be abovenearby trees or buildings: Add 5 dB• Location is blocked by trees or buildings butinstalled donor antenna will be above the trees orbuildings? Add 10 dB

(to measured level)

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4. Use the following table to estimate the in building coverage to expect:

Calculated level Expected radius of Expected radius of good coverage* usable coverage*

-90 dBm 15 m 25 m -80 dBm 30 m 45 m -70 dBm 45 m 60 m

* These estimated coverage radiuses are only engineering approximations. Levels ofcoverage or area covered cannot be guaranteed from these simple procedures.Assumptions made in these estimates:

- A 9 dB gain outside donor antenna is used- 1/2” foam (low loss) coax is used- Coax runs do not exceed 35m- Typical building construction of drywall-on-studs is used, and a maximum of 3 walls are penetrated in any coverage direction

Typical MRx03 Design Procedure

Engineering Procedure for Indoor (cont..)

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Eng. Procedure precise way

You have to know the number of carriers of the BSHave the data sheet of your mini repeater availableHave a set of attenuators ready. Suitable values are:3, 6, 10 dBHave a spectrum analyser ready to measure your BCCH level on cablefrom donor antennaoutput level = input level + gainExample:5 dBm = -45 dBm + 50 dBIn case your donor signal is stronger than -45 dBm you have to installattenuators at donor antenna connection. Otherwise you will run intoALC!

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Choice of cables (attenuations)

cable type attenuation attenuation@ 900 MHz @ 1800 MHz

RG58 C/U 50 dB/100m 80 dB/100mRG223 /U 48 dB/100m 75 dB/100S 03232-01 42 dB/100m 70 dB/100m

For good system performance the cable loss should be kept below 20 dB between the components.

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Product overview (typical values)

Type Frequency range Gain RemarkMR303A GSM 900 MHz 50 dB internal Antenna, old modelMR303B GSM 900 MHz 50 dB internal Antenna, new modelMR303D GSM 900 MHz 50 dB external Antenna,

(free choice of antennas)MR303/403 D GSM 900 / 1800 50/55dB external AntennaMR303/403 B GSM 900 / 1800 49 dB internal AntennasMR303/303 D GSM 900 MHz 44 dB two band, ext. AntennasMR403/403 D GSM 1800 MHz 44 dB two band, ext. Antennas

MS303 GSM 900 MHz 22 dB Active splitterMS403 GSM 1800 MHz 22 dB Active splitterThis are typical values. For exact technical data please consult the corresponding data sheet.

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Output power (typical values)

Max. output power with two carriers.The maximum output power is limited by the APAC (Automatic Power Adjusting Circuit) to preventspurious emission.

Type Frequency range Gain output power @ 2 carr.MR403B GSM 1800 MHz 50 dB + 5 dBmMR303D GSM 900 MHz 50 dB + 5/ +10 dBm (dep. on type)

MR303/403 GSM 900 / 1800 50/55dB + 9 dBm (APAC threshold)MR303/303 D GSM 900 MHz 44 dB + 5 dBm (ALC threshold)MR403/403 D GSM 1800 MHz 44 dB + 7 dBm (APAC threshold)

MS303 GSM 900 MHz 22 dBMS403 GSM 1800 MHz 22 dBElectrical values are only given for orientation. Please refer to the correct data sheet for actual

information.

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Power derating

If more carriers are transmitted, observe the following derating:number of channels reduce power by1 0 dB2 3 dB4 6 dB6 7.8 dB8 9 dB

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Setup and installation MR303 B/D

The B-model is with build in antenna. The D-Model offers an additional RF port to feed thecoverage antenna.For DC power: 6,7 V; 1,1 A a socket is included, or the MR303 may be powered remotelyvia the coaxial cable.A red/green LED indication is located on the left side, showing green light under normaloperation. Red indication means that current consumption is incorrect.The LED next to the power LED indicates ALC alarm. It is lighted if repeater is in ALC, dueto high input signal or unwanted feedback.

Outline, connections, controls(example):

Gain: min. 50 dB

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Setup and installation of MSx03

The MSx03 is an active splitter for operation in GSM 900 MHz or in DCS 1800 MHzfrequency range.It can be powered locally or remotely.Maximum output power (2 carriers) DL: 5 dBm; UL: 10 dBm (APAC)Gain: 20 to 23 dBThe LED next to the power LED indicates ALC alarm. It is lighted if unit is in ALC, due to highinput signal or unwanted feedback.

Configuration of the front panel:

up to 4 outputs are available.

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Power supply of mini repeaters

The mini repeaters offer three possibilities to supply DC power:Pos. 0 no biasing is possible (external DC is supplied)Pos. 1 bias port to/from mobile will be poweredPos. 2 bias port to/from BTS will be powered.

Caution:Keep in mind that you may damage the repeater or other device if wrong biasing isselected.Do not switch two bias voltages against each other!Use only Power supply unit supplied by Mikom.

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Functional block diagram MSx03

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Special Models

This part shows information on special mini repeater types:MR with variable bandwithMR with variable bw and variable gainMR with dual segmentsMR with dual bands (900/1800 MHz)

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Location of connectors and switches

Location of rotaryswitches foradjusting start andstop frequencies

Location ofattenuationselection switch

This shows only anexample. Exactinformation is givenin the manual.

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Band selective MR303B/D

Examle:The adjustment of start and stop frequency is carried out by adjusting rotary switches:

Channel setting for Id.No. 152797

Channel setting for Id.No. 152796 & 154595

For exact information refer to the corresponding data sheet.

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Band selective MR303B/D

Attenuation settingattenuation can be set up to 20 dB in steps of 2 dB, if input signal is to high.Turn the rotary switch to the correct attenuation.

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Considerations for system design

Installation of donnor antenna (signal level)plan of surrounding BSfloorplan of buildingAntenna isolation between donnor-/coverage antenna(Antenna isolation should be at least 65dB for an 50db gain repeater)Length of required cables (cable attenuation)power supply

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Installation and setup

The repeater front panel has to point towards the coverage area, since thecoverage antenna is located underneath the repeater front panel. In order tokeep the cable loss low, the repeater should also be mounted as close to thedonor antenna as possible.The repeater can be mounted easily by using the especially designed wallmounting plate shown on the next page.After installation check that repeater is not in ALC by monitoring ALC- LED.(It must not be lighted at any time)

Make a site survey with your mobile in engineering mode.

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Best installation places

Cable towards donor antenna

Best places for coverageantenna mounting:

• on the ceiling• on the wall, overlookingthe whole area• Do not mount antennas inheights about 1,5 to 2,5 m(if possible).

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Mini Repeater Sets are available

These Sets are designed for fast and easy installation. Theycontain all necessary material:

Mini Repeater with build in antennaLow loss cable 50 mPower supplyDonor antenna

Sets are available for different types of MRPlease contact your sales office

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Troubleshooting

In case something is not working properly:check weather mains power and DC power is presentmake sure that RF cables from donor antenna are ok.Have a look to Repeaters LED´s indication. The DC power LED has toshow green light, the ALC LED must not show anything.In case the ALC LED is lit, the unit is in ALC due to:

to high input signal (put additional attenuation towards donorantenna to reduce signal)the system may oscillate due to weak antenna isolation. (improveantenna isolation by enlarging distance, etc.)

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Conclusion

There is no way leading away from specially designed indoorsystems.Mini Repeaters optimising indoor coverage, maximising capacitywith a minimum of network operators most valuable goods:

Spectrum & Money

Thank you for your attention....