Why did the Persians attack Greece?

What famous battle started the Persian wars?

Who were the father and son that led Persia during the Persian wars?

Standard WHI.5 Students will be able to

demonstrate knowledge of ancient Greece in terms of its impact on Western civilization by:

Characterizing life in Athens during the Golden Age of Pericles

Citing contributions in philosophy with emphasis on Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle

Evaluating the significance of the Peloponnesian War

Essential Questions: Why was the leadership of

Pericles important to the development of Athenian life and Greek culture?

What were some important contributions of Greek culture to Western Civilization?

Why was the Peloponnesian War important in the spread of Greek culture?

Athens just out of Persian wars Leading member of Delian

league

Led to Golden Age Drama Sculpture Poetry Philosophy Architecture Science

Led Athens through Golden Age

461- 429 B.C.E.

Skillful politician, inspiring speaker, respected general

Three goals Strengthen Athenian

democracy Hold and strengthen the

empire Glorify Athens

Increased # of public officials Only wealthy could hold office before

because positions were unpaid Increased paid salaries Made Athens one of the most

democratic governments in history

Introduction of direct democracy Citizens rule directly and not through

representatives Males who served in the assembly

established all important policies

Direct democracy Large number of citizens involved with

government (mass meetings) Most Adult males had an equal voice

Assembly was strong, 43,000 members Meetings every 10 days on a hillside Only 6,000 present Paid a stipend to men who held public office-

meant even poor could take part

Created Juries 10 generals ran day to day affairs Practiced Ostracism

Protected Athens from over-ambitious politicians

Could banish them from Athens Bannished for 10 years

Pericles wanted to enlarge wealth and power of Athens

Used money from Delian league to build Navy Strengthened safety of

empire Prosperity depended on

waterways Needed overseas trade to

obtain grain and other raw materials

Used money to beautify Athens Buy gold, ivory, and

marble Used to build

Parthenon Pay artisans

Sparta declared war on Athens 431 B.C.E.

Called Peloponnesian War

Advantages: Athens: Navy Sparta: Infantry

Sparta attacks: Sparta invades Athens

Burned countryside and food supply

Pericles had everyone come into city behind wall

Problems for Athens: Plague in 432 B.C.E. Navy defeated when they

attacked Spartan ally Syracuse in 413 B.C.E.

War continued for nine years until Athens surrendered

27 years of war Athens loses empire

Confidence in democratic government wanes

Greece weakening, while Macedonia is rising to power

History: Thucydides account of the war Set example for

historians Condemned atrocities

Objective approach

Philosophers Lovers of wisdom Determined to seek

truth

Based on two assumptions Universe was put

together in orderly way and subject to unchanging laws

People can understand through logic and reason

Three famous philosophers Socrates, Plato, Aristotle

Beliefs: Absolute standards for truth and justice Question yourself and moral character Socratic method

Quote: “the unexamined life is not worth living”

Trial: At age 70 brought to trial for

“corrupting the youths of Athens” Argued his defense Was condemned to death

Student of Socrates Set up a school called “the

Academy”

Wrote The Republic His vision of a perfect society Not a democracy Three groups:

Artisans, warriors, ruling class Ruled by philosopher-king

Lasting Importance Dominated European

philosophical thought for 1,500 years

Beliefs: Questioned nature of the

world and human belief, thought, and knowledge

Invented method of arguing Applied method to

psychology, physics, and biology

Basis of scientific method

Set up a school, the Lyceum, studied all branches of knowledge

Famous student: Alexander the Great

Standard WHI.5 Students will be able to

demonstrate knowledge of ancient Greece in terms of its impact on Western civilization by:

Characterizing life in Athens during the Golden Age of Pericles

Citing contributions in philosophy with emphasis on Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle

Evaluating the significance of the Peloponnesian War

Essential Questions: Why was the leadership of

Pericles important to the development of Athenian life and Greek culture?

What were some important contributions of Greek culture to Western Civilizaiton?

Why was the Peloponnesian War important in the spread of Greek culture?