ШИНЖИЛГЭЭ Report I ХОЛБООТОЙ АРГА ХЭРЭГСЛИЙН …

ЭДИЙН ЗАСАГ, НИЙГЭМ, БАЙГАЛЬ ОРЧНЫ ТОГТВОРТОЙ ХӨГЖЛИЙГ ХАНГАХТАЙ

ХОЛБООТОЙ АРГА ХЭРЭГСЛИЙН ШИНЖИЛГЭЭ

УЛААНБААТАР ХОТ2020 он

Тайлан I

ULAANBAATAR2020

Report I

DESK REVIEW OF EXISTING TOOLS FOR INTEGRATING ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND

ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ISSUES

Desk Review of existing tools foR integRating economic, social anD

enviRonmental sustainable Development issues

REPORT 1

ULAANBAATAR2020

This report was developed by the National Development Agency of Mongolia as part of TA 9245 on Supporting the Implementation of Environmental Related SDGs in Asia and the Pacific-a regional project by the Asian Development Bank (ADB).

This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and any form for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the National Development Agency, provided acknowledgement of the source is made.

The views expressed do not necessarily represent the decision or policy of the Government of Mongolia, nor does citing it constitute endorsement.

supervised and edited by:Doljinsuren Jambal, Head of Development Policy and Planning Department, National Development Agency Suzanna Sumkhuu, Senior Specialist of Development Policy and Planning Department, National Development Agency

consultants:Altanbagana Myagmarsuren (Ph.D), Head of Social, Economics Geography Division, Institute of Geography and Geoecology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences Göran Nilsson Axberg (Ph.D), Managing Director; Senior Consultant at Outcome Consulting (Sweden) Tsenddorj Dorjpurev (M.Sc.), Senior Economist of Economic Research and Traning Institute, Bank of Mongolia

prepared for publishing by:Siilen Radnaased, Specialist of Development Policy and Planning Department, NationalDevelopment Agency

Special thanks to Emma Marsden (ADB), Bolor Radnaabazar (national coordinator) and TanyaConcepcion (consultant) for supporting the preparation of this report.

contact address:National Development AgencyUnited Nations Street 5/1, Ulaanbaatar 15160, MongoliaWebsite: www.nda.gov.mnTelephone: (976) 51-263333

[ 3 ]

CONTENTSABBREVIATIONS

RATIONALE

1. METHODS FOLLOWED TO ANALYZE THE TOOL

1.1. Criteria for Selecting a Tool ................................................................................................71.2. Classification of Tools ........................................................................................................71.3. Selection of Environment-Related SDG Targets ...............................................................9

2. DESK REVIEW OF EXISTING TOOLS IN MONGOLIA

2.1. Compendium of Tools in Mongolia ..................................................................................122.2. Conclusions .......................................................................................................................81

3. DESK REVIEW OF EXISTING INTERNATIONAL TOOLS

3.1. Compendium of International Tools ................................................................................823.2. Conclusions .......................................................................................................................96

4. CONCLUSIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS

REFERENCES

[ 4 ]

ABBREVIATIONSADB Asian Development BankCSGM Cabinet Secretariat of the Government of MongoliaEPI Environmental Policy IntegrationGoM Government of MongoliaJICA Japan International Cooperation AgencyMASM Mongolian Agency for Standard and MetrologyMBA Mongolian Banking AssociationMECSS Ministry of Education, Culture, Science and SportsMLSP Ministry of Labor and Social ProtectionMMHI Ministry of Mining and Heavy IndustryMNCCI Mongolian National Chamber of CommerceME Ministry of EnergyMET Ministry of Environment and TourismMoF Ministry of FinanceMoH Ministry of HealthMSDV-2030 Mongolia Sustainable Development Vision-2030NDA National Development AgencyNDC Nationally Determined ContributionsNSO National Statistical OfficePA Protected AreaSDG(s) Sustainable Development Goal(s)SPIA State Professional Inspection AgencyUNDP United Nations Development Program

[ 5 ]

RATIONALEThe 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, adopted by all United Nations Member States in 2015, provides a shared blueprint for peace and prosperity for people and the planet, now and into the future. At its heart are the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) with 169 targets and 244 indicators, which are an urgent call for action to end poverty and hunger, protect the planet, promote justice, eliminate disparities and inequalities, and bring prosperity by 2030.

In line with these global goals, the Parliament of Mongolia adopted its Sustainable Development Vision-2030 (MSDV-2030) in 2016, which not only makes Mongolia one of the early adopters of the SDGs, but also the starting point for SDG localization. In addition to this, the fact that the Law on Development Policy and Planning came into effect in 2016 was of historic significance in establishing the legal grounds for comprehensive policy planning and institutional mechanisms.

The National Development Agency (NDA) as the government institution leading the localization of the SDGs, recognizes that the complex and interconnected nature of the SDGs must be intact and should be mainstreamed into policies at a policy planning stage. For this, the NDA has been undertaking steps to develop the necessary tools and approaches such as developing and legislating a matrix-based tool for assessing policy coherence. For instance, the Voluntary National Review Report 2019 took up an example of air pollution as a complex, cross-cutting development issue and demonstrated how a single development challenge can be analyzed using a systems approach.

Despite these efforts, the SDGs have not been sufficiently reflected in the policies and programmes in a coherent manner. This is due to the silos in mindset and policy planning practices which does not include conditions conducive to ensuring the integration of economic, environmental and social policies. It is especially evident in the lack of alignment and consistency across environment sector policies and those on economic and social sectors. Thus, it is important that the policy planners are provided with the tools and approaches that enable them to integrate environment SDGs into socio-economic sectors.

Thus, this project by the NDA involves developing an easy-to-use policy screening tool for mainstreaming consideration of environment SDGs into socioeconomic development policies at its planning stage. This is done in three stages, outcomes of which are published in the below three reports.

Report 1. Desk Review of Existing Tools for Integrating Economic, Social and Environmental Sustainable Development Issues Report 2. Tool for Integrating Environment-Related SDGs Into Social and Economic Policy Planning in Mongolia

Report 3. Integration of Environment-Related SDGs Into Sectoral Policies (Analysis of Energy and Health Sector Development Policies)

[ 6 ]

The purpose of the tool is not to ensure integration at the policy implementation stage. Instead,the intention is to ensure that non-environmental sector policies are formulated in an integrated manner. The intention is also to use the selected tool as way to build consensus across the line ministries that are responsible for implementing SDGs 6, 12 and 15. It was assumed that a well-structured and repeated learning around a common tool can help to align the interests of different agencies in lieu of institutional reforms.

This first report aims to take stock of existing tools globally and in Mongolia on integrating environment-related issues into socio-economic policies.

[ 7 ]

1. METHODS FOLLOWED TO ANALYZE THE TOOL1.1. criteria for selecting a tool

In undertaking a desk review of existing global and national tools, it was essential to have a set of criteria that reflects national features, demands and enables consistency across the selected tools. The desk review of exiting tools and its use for strengthening policy drafts is interpreted as an Environmental Policy Integration (EPI) exercise. EPI gives relative weight to environmental objectives in sectoral policies, ranging from avoiding conflicts (‘coordination’) and striving for synergies (‘harmonisation’) up to favoring environmental objectives (‘prioritisation’). (Persson, Å. et al, 2018).

Common features of EPI described in the literature are:a) a shared responsibility for environmental protection by all policy sectors, at different

levels; b) a proactive and preventive attitude towards environmental protection by early

incorporation of environmental objectives in policy processes rather than implementing ‘end-of-pipe’ measures; and

c) moving beyond the minimum environmental standards prescribed in environmental regulations.

Based on this and the objective of the task, the following six criteria were identified for assessing and designing the appropriate tool. Ideally, the tool should:

1. address environmental aspects of SDGs, in particular SDGs 6, 12 and 152. address integration of environmental priorities into national and sector policies, plans

and programs3. be applicable in early stages of policy and plan development processes4. be easy to use, also without detailed environmental knowledge5. help everyone rethink nature as a crucial and valued asset6. be applicable also for non-governmental stakeholders

1.2. Classification of Tools

With regards to international tools available, the ADB (2019b)1 has compiled an index of tools that serves the purpose of integrating environment-related goals and targets of the SDGs into socioeconomic development policies and plans. The Tool Compendium served as the main source of information when searching for international tools meeting the selection criteria.

Tools in this compendium are classified by type, stage in usage and how they are employed.

1 ADB. 2019. Strengthening the Environmental Dimensions of the Sustainable Devleopment Goals in Asia and the Pacific: Tool Compendium. Manila: Copublication of the Asian Development Bank and the United Nations Environment Pro-gramme.

[ 8 ]

The tool types are classified as follows:

framework (approach) tools. A framework provides structure to a concept or approach aimed at achieving an intended outcome or result.

guidance tools may include framework, methodology, and other tools, but their main purpose is to offer advice on how to go about a task in order to achieve an intended outcome or result.

methodology (process) tools. Methodology tools outline a series of actions, potentially within a framework and making use of other tools, that should be followed to manage a well-defined task.

stand-alone tools. Such tools can be used independently to produce an intended outcome or result, for example, a model, which may require the use of tools from the other classes.

Among the four types of tools presented above, a particular attention was given to the Framework (approach) category, which met criteria 2 above. The policymaking is a non-linear, loop like process which allows the subsequent policy actions to be improved based on the failures of the previous action.

The Tool Compendium uses the policy cycle to show the Stage (when to use) where each tool can appropriately be used. However, in some instances, a tool has several purposes and can therefore be used in several stages. In search for suitable tools, a focus was placed on tools applicable for issue identification and framing, plus those for Formulation and drafting (approval), reflecting an intended early use in the policy cycle.

Issue

iden

tifica

tion

and f

raming

Imple

men

tation

Formulation and

drafting (approval)

Monitoring,

evalution, and

reporting

Figure 1. Policy cycle

[ 9 ]

The tools in the Tool Compendium are classified further according to the ways in which they can facilitate the integration of the environmental dimensions of the SDGs into decisions (how to use):

strategic tools support the inclusion of environmental objectives in policies and plans, and can help policy makers increase coherence between sectoral and thematic policies and plans.

procedural tools have the highest potential to strengthen both policy making and reporting with respect to integrating the environmental dimensions of the SDGs into existing implementation arrangements. However, their use often faces the strongest political resistance and comes with relatively high administrative costs and reform requirements.

organizational tools are more transformational and are applied to implement wider changes in institutional structure and governance, including changes in institutional arrangements, roles, and responsibilities. The use of these tools requires governmental and other stakeholders to engage with one another.

A special focus was placed on Strategic tools, which met several of the selection criteria, e.g. criteria 1, 2, 4 and 6.

1.3. selection of environment-Related sDg targets

The ADB Tool Compendium focuses on SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation), SDG 12 (Responsible production and consumption) and 15 (Life on land). SDG 14 (Life below water) is also an environmentally oriented goal. In addition to targets for SDG 6, 12, and 15, which were the focus for the ADB Tool Compendium, 19 additional SDG targets from other goals were selected for screening of environmental dimensions of upcoming Mongolian policies as they were highly relevant to Mongolia’s development context. Although SDG 14 (Life below water, to a high extent dealing with maritime issues) is often dismissed in Mongolia, being land-locked, the target on overfishing was included in the list of chosen SDG targets.

[ 10 ]

Figu

re 2

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ecte

d En

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nmen

t-Rel

ated

SDG

Tar

gets

, by

coun

t

ENVI

RON

MEN

T

Sele

cted

Env

ironm

ent-

Rela

ted

SDG

Targ

ets

48

610

2

610

1

8 10 12 1 611312

Num

ber o

f SDG

targ

ets

Num

ber o

f SDG

targ

ets

Num

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f SDG

targ

ets

Num

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f SDG

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[ 11 ]

A total of 48 targets were selected across 12 SDGs. The additional targets, chosen from other SDGs, were selected on the basis of relevance to national policy documents, namely Mongolia’s Sustainable Development Vision-2030 and the Green Development Policy and other national policy documents. Chosen 19 SDG targets and policy actions are in Table 1 cross-checked with environment-related SDG targets listed in the ADB Stocktake report2.

Table 1. Cross-Checking of Additionally Chosen Environment-Related 19 SDG Targets with Targets in the Mongolia’s Sustainable Development Vision-2030 and the Green Development Policy.

# sDg targets aDb stocktake report 2019

msDv-2030 targets

green Development policy actions

1 2.4 + 2.1.1 Target 1 3.1.42 2.5 + 3.2.53 3.9 + 3.1.10, 3.2.12, 3.6.24 4.7 2.2.3 Target 4 3.5.15 7.1 2.1.5 Target 16 7.2 + 2.1.5 Target 2 3.1.17 7.3 + 3.1.18 8.4 + 2.3.2 Target 2 3.1.3, 3.1.9, 3.1.12 3.2.12, 3.3.2, 3.3.49 8.9 + 2.1.2 Target 1 3.1.7, 3.2.2

10 9.4 + 2.1.4 Target 2 3.1.12, 3.6.211 11.3 2.3.3 Target 2 3.6.112 11.4 + 2.1.2 Target 1 3.2.213 11.6 + 2.1.5 Target 6 3.6.214 11.7 + 2.3.3 Target 2 3.6.315 11.A + 2.1.5 Target 6 3.6.216 11.B + 2.1.5 Target 6 3.6.117 13.1 2.3.2 Target 218 13.3 2.2.3 Target 4 3.5.119 14.4 +

2 ADB. 2019. Strengthening the Environmental Dimensions of the Sustainable Devleopment Goals in Asia and The Pacific: A Stocktake of National Response to Sustainable Development Goals 12,14 and 15. Manila: Copublication of the Asian Development Bank and United Nations Environment Programme.

[ 12 ]

2. DESK REVIEW OF EXISTING TOOLS IN MONGOLIA2.1. compendium of tools in mongolia

This section summarizes the tools in Mongolia used to tackle environmental issues by types, when to use, and how to use as described in the section above. In doing so, it also shows which SDGs and tools are being addressed by the responsible body and tool. First, it is worth mentioning some of the measures being taken by government agencies.

The Ministry of Energy is covering clean energy issues such as solar, hydro and wind in addition to increased efficiency of existing power plants. The Smart Energy Initiative international tool deals with increased efficiency through automation on both consumer and supplier side. In addition, introducing widely available briquettes into the market in order to reduce air pollution should be mentioned as an ongoing program with direct environmental interest, but so far no tool has been identified to assess impacts.

The Ministry of Construction and Urban Development has launched the Greenhouse Gas (GHG) inventory web-based system in the construction sector. Aimed at facilitating a market transformation towards energy efficiency in the construction sector, the project “NAMA in the construction sector” is supporting the establishment of a baseline for energy consumption, creation of a GHG emission inventory and Monitoring Reporting and Verification systems, and developing and implementing priority mitigation measures in the construction sector (UNDP).

The Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Light Industries has applied a methodological tool used to clearly define the arable lands and grazing areas. According to the ministry, there is a need for a methodological tool to evaluate land use values in order to measure environmental damage or utilization of land.

The Ministry of Road and Transport Development is developing a road pavement methodology suitable for Mongolian environmental conditions through the “Joint Coordination Committee of the Project on Improving the Capacity of Road Pavement Technology Capacity Building in Mongolia” supported from Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). In addition to that, the ministry is reorganizing the coal transportation program “Tavan Tolgoi-Gashuun Sukhait” with introduction of containers on trailers. It will reduce loss of coal during transportation and reduce negative environmental impact due to re-loading of coal in terminals. A domestically assembled electric bus, the MON-30, for public transportation is at the trial stage with two busses produced, ready for commissioning.

[ 13 ]

Existing tools with an environmental dimension used in Mongolia by different ministries and agencies are listed in Table 2, which were identified through a combination of interviews and reviews of government policies and regulations and other documents. For each tool, the user (ministry/agency) is specified and the linked SDG target(s) given. The tool type is classified as in the ADB Tool Compendium, with minor difference in coding. The code for the tool starts with “M” for Mongolia and followed by either “G” for general SDGs, “E” for Environment in general covering several targets from environment-related goals, “D” for dryland covering SDG15, “O” for other (i.e. difficult to classify), “W” for water covering SDG6 and “R” for Responsible consumption and production covering SDG 12. These existing tools include regulations, guidelines, norms and standards, as well as methodologies etc., either officially used or advocated by a credible institution.

[ 14 ]

Tabl

e 2.

Exi

stin

g To

ols

in M

ongo

lia

#co

deto

ols

sDg

targ

ets

org

aniz

atio

n in

ch

arge

Type

Whe

n to

use

How

to u

se

Framework (approach) tools

Guidance tools

Methodology (process) tools

Stand-alone tools

Issue identification and framing

Formulation and drafting (approval)

Implementation

Monitoring, evaluating, and reporting

Strategic tools

Procedural tools

Organizational tools

1M

G1

Mai

n G

reen

Dev

elop

men

t Ind

icat

ors,

an

d its

Cal

cula

tion

Met

hodo

logy

6.1

6.2

SDG

15N

SO

2M

G2

Syst

ems

Thin

king

All S

DG

s in

G

ener

alN

DA

3M

G3

Inst

itutio

nal a

nd C

onte

xt A

naly

sis

(ICA)

for S

DG

sAl

l SD

Gs

in

Gen

eral

ND

A

4M

G4

Mod

elin

g To

ols

for S

usta

inab

le

Dev

elop

men

t Pol

icie

sSD

G 6

, SD

G 7

, SD

G 1

3N

DA

5M

G5

Sust

aina

bilit

y D

ashb

oard

All S

DG

s in

G

ener

alN

SO

6M

G6

SDG

Inte

ract

ions

Fra

mew

ork

All S

DG

s in

G

ener

alN

DA

7M

G7

Gen

eral

Reg

ulat

ion

for D

raft

ing

Dev

elop

men

t Pol

icy

Doc

umen

ts

All S

DG

s in

G

ener

alG

over

nmen

t bo

dies

8M

E1

Regu

latio

n on

Enc

oura

ging

In

divi

dual

s, C

ompa

nies

, and

O

rgan

izat

ions

for I

ntro

duci

ng

Envi

ronm

ent-

frie

ndly

Tec

hnol

ogy

9.4,

9.b

, 12.

2M

ET

9M

E2Pr

inci

ples

of S

usta

inab

le F

inan

cing

(G

reen

fina

nce)

9.3

MBA

10M

E3Re

gula

tion

on D

evel

opin

g, R

evie

win

g an

d Re

port

ing

an E

nviro

nmen

tal

Man

agem

ent P

lan

6.6,

15.

112

.2 1

2.8

MET

Envi

ronm

enta

l dim

ensi

ons

of th

e SD

Gs,

in g

ener

alSD

Gs

14 a

nd 1

5SD

G 1

5SD

G 6

SDG

12

Inte

grat

ed a

ppro

ach

to S

DGs

[ 15 ]

11M

E4G

uide

lines

for D

evel

opin

g a

Spec

ial

Prot

ecte

d Ar

ea M

anag

emen

t Pla

n6.

6, 1

5.1,

15.

4,

15.5

MET

12M

E5

Regu

latio

n on

Col

lect

ion,

Spe

ndin

g an

d Re

port

ing

of R

even

ue R

ecei

pts

for E

nviro

nmen

tal P

rote

ctio

n an

d Re

habi

litat

ion

Mea

sure

s

15.a

, 15

.bM

ET, M

oF, L

ocal

Ad

min

istr

atio

ns

13M

E6En

viro

nmen

tal D

amag

e As

sess

men

t an

d Co

mpe

nsat

ion

Met

hodo

logy

15.a

, 15.

bM

ET

14M

E7G

uide

lines

for E

nviro

nmen

tal I

mpa

ct

Asse

ssm

ent

6.6,

12.

2, 1

5.1,

15

.5M

ET

15M

E8G

uide

lines

for I

mpr

ovin

g En

viro

nmen

tal M

anag

emen

t6.

b, 1

2.2,

12.

4,

12.с

MET

16M

E9Re

gula

tion

on C

omm

unity

Pa

rtic

ipat

ion

in E

nviro

nmen

tal I

mpa

ct A

sses

smen

t

6.6,

6.b

, 15.

1,

15.5

MET

, D

epar

tmen

t of

Envi

ronm

ent

in c

apita

l and

pr

ovin

ces

17M

E10

Regu

latio

n on

Env

ironm

enta

l Im

pact

Asse

ssm

ent

12.2

, 15.

1,

15.5

MET

18M

E11

Regu

latio

n on

Env

ironm

enta

l Str

ateg

ic

and

Cum

ulat

ive

Impa

ct A

sses

smen

t6.

6, 1

2.2,

15.

1,

15.5

MET

19M

E12

Filtr

atio

n An

alys

is6.

6, 1

2.2,

15.

1,

15.5

Rese

arch

pap

er

prod

uced

for

loca

lad

min

istr

atio

ns

20M

E13

Fram

ewor

k fo

r the

Dev

elop

men

t of

Envi

ronm

ent S

tatis

tics

(FD

ES)

Envi

ronm

ent-

rela

ted

SDG

sN

SO

21M

E14

Syst

em o

f Env

ironm

enta

l-Ec

onom

ic

Acco

untin

g (S

EEA)

Envi

ronm

ent-

re

late

d SD

Gs

NSO

22M

E15

Inte

grat

ed P

lann

ing,

Bud

getin

g, a

nd

Inve

stm

ent T

ools

for A

chie

ving

the

SDG

s

Envi

ronm

ent-

re

late

d SD

Gs

MoF

23M

E16

UN

EP L

ive

and

Indi

cato

r Rep

ortin

g In

form

atio

n Sy

stem

(IRI

S)En

viro

nmen

t-

rela

ted

SDG

sN

SO

24M

L1Es

tabl

ishm

ent o

f the

Bas

in’s

Pa

rtic

ipat

ory

Coun

cils

and

its

Ope

ratin

g Pr

oced

ures

15.1

MET

25M

L2Im

prov

ing

Sani

tatio

n Fa

cilit

ies

for G

er

Area

s in

Ula

anba

atar

(Gui

delin

es)

6.2,

6.3

, 15

.5G

uidl

ine

issu

ed

by th

e W

orld

Ba

nk

26M

L3Pi

ts fo

r Lat

rines

, Dra

inag

e H

oles

. Te

chni

cal R

equi

rem

ents

MN

S 59

24:

2015

6.2,

6.3

, 15

.5M

ASM

[ 16 ]

27M

L4

Ecol

ogic

al-e

cono

mic

Ass

essm

ent

of D

amag

es C

ause

d by

Min

eral

Ex

trac

tion

and

Proc

essi

ng, A

ppro

val

of M

etho

dolo

gy fo

r Cal

cula

ting

Ecol

ogic

al D

amag

es

6.6,

12.

2, 1

2.4,

15

.1, 1

5.4,

15

.5M

ET

28M

L5Bi

odiv

ersi

ty F

inan

ce In

itiat

ive

(BIO

FIN

)SD

G 6

, SD

G15

MET

29M

L6Va

luES

Met

hods

Dat

abas

e6.

6, 1

5.1,

15.

4,

15.8

MET

30M

D1

Met

hodo

logy

for L

and

Econ

omic

Ev

alua

tion

15.1

MCU

D

31M

D2

Regu

latio

n on

Lan

d O

rgan

izat

ion

15.1

GoM

32M

D3

Regu

latio

n on

Cer

tifica

tion

of L

and

Pecu

liarit

y an

d Q

ualit

y15

.1G

oM

33M

D4

Regu

latio

n on

For

est H

arve

stin

g Pr

oced

ure

15.2

15.4

15.b

MET

34M

D5

Regu

latio

n on

Pro

tect

ing

the

Fore

sts

and

Culti

vate

Sap

lings

15.2

15.4

15.b

MET

35M

D6

Regu

latio

n on

Ince

ntiv

izin

g fo

r Citi

zens

, Bus

ines

s En

titie

s an

d O

rgan

izat

ions

to R

educ

e H

arm

ful E

ffect

s on

For

est

and

Intr

oduc

e Ad

vanc

ed T

echn

ique

s an

d Te

chno

logi

es

15.2

15.4

15.b

MET

, MoF

36M

D7

Regu

latio

n on

Lic

ensi

ng H

untin

g an

dCa

tchi

ng R

are

Anim

als

15.4

15.7

15.8

MET

, Mun

icip

al

Gov

erno

rs

37M

D8

Regu

latio

n on

Lic

ensi

ng P

rofe

ssio

nal

Org

aniz

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[ 17 ]

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[ 19 ]

In this section, further details of the tools listed in Table 2 can be found. The approving subjects and the dates of the respective tool have been presented here alongside the link to the source. The main content and goal of the tools as stated in the official documents have been compiled here as well.

Number 1

DescRiption

name: main green Development indicators and its calculation methodology

the main content & goals:

Green Development Policy used a methodology for defining and calculating green development indicators compliant with international standards. The methodology is aimed at achieving the green economy/development and choosing the means to further the green development model, defining the proper method of transitioning to green economy, and determining the level of achievements.

scope: National level

Date of approval: NSO

approved subject: Chair of National Statistical Office’s Order No.A/103

function: Methodology

source:http://sdg.gov.mn/Content/files/green_dev_

methodology.pdf

sDg target involved: 6.1, 6.2, SDG15

Classification code: mg1

- type of tool:

- policy cycle application: 1

4

2

3

1

4

2

3

- integration application:

[ 20 ]

Number 2

DescRiption

name: systems thinking


Systems thinking is an approach that is particularly suited to addressing complex systems, as it considers the interlinkages and interactions between the system’s components and seeks to address them in a holistic manner. Among the tools that are useful in identifying, describing, and communicating systems understanding are behavior-over-time graphs, causal-loop diagrams, stock-and flow diagrams, the iceberg model, and dynamic models.


Date of approval: 2018

approved subject: NDA

function: Model

source: http://www.systems-thinking.org/stada/stada.htm

sDg target involved: All SDGs in General


- type of tool:


4

2

3

1

4

2

3


[ 21 ]

Number 3

DescRiption

name: institutional and context analysis (ica) for sDgs


This tool supports SDG implementation with a focus on the acceleration component of the MAPS framework and can assist countries in identifying elements that may help boost the success of policy implementation or overcome barriers to the implementation of existing policies. The tool can assist in identifying the reasons for gaps between formal rules, such as laws or regulations (or how things should work in theory), and informal ones (how things really work in practice), and in mapping elements that shape the status quo. It then looks at the various stakeholders at the international, national, and local levels that can influence practices on a given issue, and at the interests and incentives guiding their actions.



approved subject: NDA


source:https://www.alnap.org/system/files/content/resource/

files/main/Institutional_and_Context_Analysis_August_2017.pdf



- type of tool:


4

2

3


[ 22 ]

Number 4

DescRiption

name: modeling tools for sustainable Development policies


The MAMS model will be adapted to the national con-text, using a national social accounting matrix to analyze alternative policy outcomes. This model can conduct changes in fuel tax, energy system analysis, analysis of climate, land, energy and water systems (CLEWS).


Date of approval: 2017-2018

approved subject: Implemented at the NDA

function: Economic Modelling

source: https://un-modelling.github.io/

sDg target involved: SDG 6, 7, 13


- type of tool:


23

14

23


[ 23 ]

Number 5

DescRiption

name: sustainability Dashboards


Although there are many different sustainability dash-boards, these dashboards are open and sufficient web-sites. These websites facilitate the uploading of regular monitoring outcomes of sustainable development indica-tors, and allow users to instantly summarize and report on trends to relevant stakeholders at the regional and na-tional levels.



approved subject: Implemented at the NSO

function: Report

source: http://www.sdgsdashboard.org/



- type of tool:

- policy cycle application:


[ 24 ]

Number 6

DescRiption

name: sDg interactions framework


This tool identifies and scores the causal and functional relationships in underlying the progress toward achieving the SDGs. Systematic assessment of the relationships supports and provides guidance on horizontal policy coherence within/between sectors, including identifying resource effective options and mapping responsibilities for clusters of targets. In Mongolia it has been employed to analyze the MSDV-2030.



approved subject: Implemented at the NDA


source:https://www.sei.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/sei-

2019-sdg-synergies-mongolia.pdf



- type of tool:



[ 25 ]

Number 7

DescRiption

name: general Regulation for Drafting Development policy Documents


The purpose is to regulate procedures in drafting of de-velopment policy documents, stated in Article 6.2, 6.3, 6.4.1-6.4.3, 6.5.1, 6.5.2 of the Law on Development Policy Planning by state administrative bodies.


Date of approval: May 9, 2016

approved subject: Government of Mongolia, Resolution No.249

function: Regulation

source:https://www.legalinfo.mn/annex/details/7310?law-

id=11962



- type of tool:



[ 26 ]

Number 8

DescRiption

name: Regulation on encouraging individuals, companies, and organizations for introducing environment-friendly technology

the main content & goals: The regulation is aimed at encouraging efficient and ratio-nal usage of energy, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, reducing waste and heat loss, reducing air and environ-mental pollution, and introducing environmentally friendly technologies for citizens, economic entities, and selected organizations. It is also aimed to promote “green-certifi-cate” and “eco-label”, and its means for implementation.


Date of approval: September 27, 2017



source: https://www.legalinfo.mn/annex/details/8053?law-id=12908

sDg target involved: 9.4, 9.b, 12.2

Classification code: me1

- type of tool:



[ 27 ]

Number 9

DescRiption

name: principles of sustainable financing (green finance)

the main content & goals: The banks have developed and are actively implementing the principles that guide banks to conduct business decisions and take into account environmental and social issues in their business decision-making. It contributes to the diversity of Mongolia’s economic development through the pursuit of avoiding and minimizing environmental and social adverse impacts, as well as supporting the financing of projects, products and services consistent with the country’s green economic growth and development.

scope: Banking sector


approved subject: Mongolian Banking Association

function: Guidelines, Recommendations

source: http://toc.mn/ufiles/uploaded/files/1534411217134.pdf

sDg target involved: 9.3


- type of tool:



[ 28 ]

Number 10

DescRiption

name: Regulation on Developing, Reviewing and Reporting an environmental management plan

the main content & goals: The purpose of this tool is to regulate the development of an annual environmental management plan, reporting its implementation, including monitoring responsibilities of in-dividuals and legal persons.


Date of approval: October 29, 2019

approved subject: Minister of Environment Order No.A/618



sDg target involved: 6.6, 15.1, 12.2, 12.8


- type of tool:



[ 29 ]

Number 11

DescRiption

name: guidelines for Developing a special protected area management plan

the main content & goals: The protected area (PA) management plan should include the conservation values of the PA, assessment of the current situation, statement of vision, mission and objectives of the PA, current and future threats and pressures, and goals and targets for the PA covering also objectives set out for the stakeholders. In other words, it is a “compass” to guide from the current to future management of the protected area.



approved subject: The Ministry of Nature, Environment and Tourism

function: Guideline

source: http://cmp-openstandards.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Open-Standards-Mongolian-2012.pdf



- type of tool:



[ 30 ]

Number 12

DescRiption

name: Regulation on collection, spending and Reporting of Rev-enue Receipts for environmental protection and Rehabil-itation measures

the main content & goals: The purpose of this tool is to regulate the collection of the revenue stated in paragraph 13.1 of the Law on Natural Resource Use Fees in aimags, cities, soums and districts (including land use, land, water, mineral resources, for-ests, wildlife resources, land use areas); and regulations related to planning, spending, reporting and monitoring of resource restoration measures and environmental protec-tion expenditure.


Date of approval: February 14, 2014




sDg target involved: 15.a, 15.b


- type of tool:



[ 31 ]

Number 13

DescRiption

name: environmental Damage assessment and compensation methodology

the main content & goals: The purpose of this methodology is to calculate and coor-dinate ecological-economic damage assessments in en-vironmental or natural resources (water, soil, vegetation, forests, wildlife and their habitats)



approved subject: Minister of Nature, Environment and Tourism, Order No. A-156


source: http://www.mne.mn/wp-content/up-loads/2017/07/2014.7.pdf

sDg target involved: 15.a, 15.b


- type of tool:



[ 32 ]

Number 14

DescRiption

name: guidelines for environmental impact assessment

the main content & goals: Since Mongolia’s transitioning into the market economy, the chaotic use of natural resources has led to environmental pollution, eco system degradation, natural resource depletion, and it raised a need for financial resources to reduce pollution and support environmental restoration. Therefore, any project proponent must first have an Environmental Impact Assessment to undertake construction and operation of a new facility. This will reduce the environmental pollution and degradation, prevent pollution of natural resources, increase project capacity, increase ecology-economic benefits, prevent potential losses and damage, and prevent negative impacts of the project on human health and the environment.

scope: National level, Professional bodies authorized to conduct evaluations

Date of approval: April 10, 2014

approved subject: Minister of Environment and Green Development, Order No.A-117


source: https://www.legalinfo.mn/law/details/7492



- type of tool:



[ 33 ]

Number 15

DescRiption

name: guideline for improving environmental management

the main content & goals: “Enhancing Environmental Management Capacity at National and Local Levels” has the three interrelated objectives (i) improve the capacity of government agencies to assess environmental and natural resource management needs; (ii) improve legal environment and environmental impact assessment; (iii) strengthen the capacity of government agencies to implement environmental and natural resource management policies.



approved subject: World Bank

function: Guideline

source: http://siteresources.worldbank.org/MONGOLIAINMONGOLIANEXTN/Resources/Manual_4_

Env_Mgmt_MON.pdf

sDg target involved: 6.b, 12.2, 12.4, 12.с


- type of tool:



[ 34 ]

Number 16

DescRiption

name: Regulation on community participation in environmental impact assessment

the main content & goals: The purpose of this tool is to regulate and ensure public participation in EIA.


Date of approval: January 6, 2014



source: https://www.legalinfo.mn/annex/details/6169?lawid=9746

sDg target involved: 6.6, 6.b, 15.1, 15.5


- type of tool:



[ 35 ]

Number 17

DescRiption

name: Regulation on environmental impact assessment

the main content & goals: The purpose of this tool is to conduct the EIA and to regulate relations between stakeholders.


Date of approval: November 16, 2013

approved subject: Government of Mongolia, Resolution No.374, Annex 2



sDg target involved: 12.2, 15.1, 15.5


- type of tool:



[ 36 ]

Number 18

DescRiption

name: Regulation on environmental strategic and cumulative impact assessment

the main content & goals: According to Article 3.1.3 of the Law on Environmental Impact Assessment, “Environmental Strategic Assessment” is defined as “environmental, social and human health impacts that may arise from the implementation of the environmental and/or policy-based development programs and plans, negative impacts, and consequences of climate change trends and natural disasters.”



approved subject: Government of Mongolia, Resolution No.374, Appendix 1





- type of tool :


- integration application :

[ 37 ]

Number 19

DescRiption

name: filtration analysis

the main content & goals: This methodology will evaluate the consistency of the policy documents at the aimag level with the Green Development Policy document of Mongolia.

scope: Regional level, aimag, soum


approved subject: National Development Institute of Mongolia (Project)


source: M.Altanbagana, B.Kherlenbayar, B.Suvdantsetseg, Kh.Nominbolor. (2015). “The implementation of green development policy based on the vulnerability assessment”. Workshop Proceedings of International Research Capacity Building on Revival of Grazeland in Mongolia, 195-200.M.Altanbagana, B.Suvdantsetseg, T.Chuluun, Kh.Nominbolor, B.Kherlenbayar (2015), Vulnerability Assessment of Environmental and Social system of priority green Development for Five Provinces at soum level, and Recommendation Policy for Green Development. Ulaanbaatar.



- type of tool:



[ 38 ]

Number 20

DescRiption

name: framework for the Development of environment statis-tics (fDes)

the main content & goals: Framework for the Development of Environment Statis-tics (FDES 2013) (2017) provides structure and guidance in collection and compilation of environmental statistics at the national level. Once collected and compiled, en-vironmental statistics can be informed all stages of the policy cycle. But the main objective of FDES 2013 is to guide countries in the early stages of developing envi-ronmental statistical programs. Countries are using its structure to organize their own environmental statistics databases and compendiums.



approved subject: Implemented at the NSO


source: https://unstats.un.org/unsd/environment/FDES/FDES-2015-supporting-tools/FDES.pdf

sDg target involved: Environment-related SDGs


- type of tool:



[ 39 ]

Number 21

DescRiption

name: system of environmental-economic accounting (seea)

the main content & goals: SEEA is a framework that brings together a comprehen-sive set of economic and environmental accounts to measure the condition of the environment, and its con-tribution to the economy, and the impact of the econo-my on the environment. The SEEA supports improved understanding of the interactions between the economy and the environment, and includes a description of cur-rent stocks of environmental assessments and changes in them. It can aid the integration of environmental indi-cators and the relationship between those indicators and the economy into national statistical programs.



approved subject: NSO


source: http://1212.mn/stat.aspx?LIST_ID=976_976_L31



- type of tool:



[ 40 ]

Number 22

DescRiption

name: integrated planning, budgeting, and investment tools for achieving the sDgs

the main content & goals: Integrated Planning, Budgeting and Investment Tools for Achieving the SDGs: PEI Asia-Pacific in Focus (2017) provides information on 60 mainstreaming tools and ap-proaches initiated and developed through PEI’s long-term country engagement in Asia and the Pacific. It includes tools that support the integration of sustainable develop-ment into plans, public and private investments, institu-tions, and information systems.



approved subject: Implemented at MoF


source: https://www.unpei.org/system/files_force/PEI%20AT%20Compendium%20%28refined_2%29%20%281%29.pdf?download=1



- type of tool:



[ 41 ]

Number 23

DescRiption

name: unep live and indicator Reporting information system (iRis)

the main content & goals: UNEP Live supports dynamic, interactive analysis and reporting with a focus on providing open access to global, regional, and national environmental data and guidance. With this tool, the ministries or agencies responsible for reporting on national, regional, and global obligations can collect, analyze, and publish high-quality environmental information in a timely manner. UNEP Live includes a range of analytical, mapping, search, and visualization tools, plus an SDGs/MEAs synergies portal.



approved subject: Being tested at NSO

function: Report

source: https://environmentlive.unep.org/



- type of tool:



[ 42 ]

Number 24

DescRiption

name: Regulation on establishment of the basin’s participatory councils and its operating procedures

the main content & goals: The purpose of this regulation is to regulate relations of establishing the water stakeholder councils, and coordinate planning and implementation of integrated water resources management of the basin, support the basin administration and organizations.

scope: National level, Water basin

Date of approval: March 13, 2018

approved subject: Minister of Nature, Environment and Tourism, Order No.A-57


source: https://eic.mn/legalinfo/upload/2018/talegalannex/20180313_8394_731.pdf


Classification code: ml1

- type of tool:



[ 43 ]

Number 25

DescRiption

name: improving sanitation facilities for ger areas in ulaanbaatar (guidelines)

the main content & goals: Guideline for decision-makers and other stake-holders in Ulaanbaatar to make decisions on how to rapidly improve sanitation conditions in ger districts and peri-urban settlements. The purpose of the report is to improve sanitation in ger areas by connecting households to the city’s water supply and small, independent sewage systems.

scope: Ulaanbaatar city level

Date of approval: June, 2017

approved subject: World Bank

function: Guideline

source: http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/181361542870949296/pdf/122879-WP-

Mong.pdf



- type of tool:



[ 44 ]

Number 26

DescRiption

name: pits for latrines, Drainage Holes. technical Requirement mns 5924:2015.

the main content & goals: The purpose of the standard is to create a safe living environment for the population, to protect the environment from pollution and to prevent the spread of infectious diseases. Technical requirement MNS 5924:2015

scope: Households and corporations that are not connected to the centralized sewerage system

Date of approval: December 24, 2015

approved subject: National Council for Standardization Decree No.59

function: Standard

source: https://www.mohs.mn/uploads/files/MNS%205924;2015.pdf



- type of tool:



[ 45 ]

Number 27

DescRiption

name: ecological-economic assessment of Damages caused by mineral extraction and processing, approval of methodology for calculating ecological Damages

the main content & goals: It is important to establish a mechanism of accountability for estimating the amount of damages in the extraction and processing of minerals, including the assessment of the economic value and compensation of ecological damages. Evaluation of ecological damages is an estimated amount of damages to the environment or natural resources and the required amount of rehabilitation, including the loss of damages to water, soil, vegetation, forests, wildlife, habitat and its social consequences.


Date of approval: June 3, 2008

approved subject: Ministry of Nature and the Environment’s Order No.207





- type of tool:



[ 46 ]

Number 28

DescRiption

name: biodiversity finance initiative (biofin)

the main content & goals: BIOFIN is a methodology enabling countries to measure their current biodiversity expenditures, assess their biodiversity finance needs over the medium term, and identify the most suitable finance solutions that will bridge their national biodiversity finance gaps. The methodology relies on building national partnerships for biodiversity finance, including those between the government and the private sector, and culminates in the development of a biodiversity finance plan identifying and prioritizing solutions to address the biodiversity finance gap.


Date of approval: September 2015

approved subject: Implemented at the Ministry of Environment, Green Development and Tourism


source: http://biodiversityfinance.net/mongolia

sDg target involved: SDG 6, 15


- type of tool:



[ 47 ]

Number 29

DescRiption

name: values methods Database

the main con-tent & goals:

The ValuES Methods Database is a searchable database of methods for undertaking Natural Capital (ecosystem service) Assessment (NCA) for integrating ecosystem services into policies and plans. It can be searched by policy area, purpose, type of method, or ecosystem service. In Mongolia it has been implemented on the upper Tuul river basin area.



approved subject: Ministry of Environment and Tourism


source: http://www.aboutvalues.net/data/case_studies/values_case_study_conserving_watershed_mongolia.pdf

sDg target in-volved:

6.6, 15.1, 15.4, 15.8


- type of tool:

- policy cycle appli-cation:

- integration appli-cation:

[ 48 ]

Number 30

DescRiption

name: methodology for land economic evaluation

the main content & goals: This methodology is used to determine the economic value of the land by determining the base price, payment for land and yield of land.



approved subject: Methodology

function: Government of Mongolia, Resolution No.181



Classification code: mD1

- type of tool:



[ 49 ]

Number 31

DescRiption

name: Regulation on land organization

the main content & goals: This regulation is used in the land management process, according to the Law on Land and Law on Allocation of Land to Mongolian citizens.








- type of tool:



[ 50 ]

Number 32

DescRiption

name: Regulation on Certification of Land Peculiarity and Quality

the main content & goals: Regulation on assessment of distinctive features and quality of land.





Source: https://www.legalinfo.mn/annex/details/845?law-id=4956



- type of tool:



[ 51 ]

Number 33

DescRiption

name: Regulation on forest Harvesting

the main content & goals: The purpose of this tool is to establish a logging system with appropriate planning, distribution and control to ensure sustainable use of forest resources through eco-friendly technologies that keep ecosystems in balance.



approved subject: Minister of Nature, Environment and Tourism, Order No. A/133


source: http://www.mne.mn/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/2017.2.pdf

sDg target involved: 15.2, 15.4, 15.b


- type of tool:



[ 52 ]

Number 34

DescRiption

name: Regulation on protecting the forests and cultivate saplings

the main content & goals: The purpose of this tool is to regulate granting of incen-tives to forest owners, citizens, forestry organizations, entities and organizations having self-financed planta-tions damaged by insects and diseases.

scope: Citizens, organizations


approved subject: Minister of Environment, Green Development, Tourism and Minister of Finance, Joint Order No.A-140/63


source: http://www.mne.mn/wp-content/up-loads/2017/07/2015.3.pdf



- type of tool:



[ 53 ]

Number 35

DescRiption

name: Regulation on incentivizing for citizens, business entities and organizations to Reduce Harmful effects on forest and introduce advanced techniques and technologies

the main content & goals: Purpose of this tool is to regulate citizens, cooperatives, economic entities and organizations in reducing damage to forests, protect the forest fund, have a rational use of forests and to introduce advanced methods and technologies.



approved subject: Government of Mongolia, Resolution No. 59





- type of tool:



[ 54 ]

Number 36

DescRiption

name: Regulation on licensing Hunting and catching Rare animals

the main content & goals: Purpose of this tool is to regulate the licensing process for hunting and catching of rare and endangered ani-mals.








- type of tool:



[ 55 ]

Number 37

DescRiption

name: Regulation on professional organization of Hunting organiza-tion

the main content & goals: The purpose of this tool is to regulate the rights, obligations, and functions of a professional organization responsible for the de-velopment of hunting management plans for hunting in Aimags, the Capital city, soums, districts and hunting regions.








- type of tool:



[ 56 ]

Number 38

DescRiption

name: Regulation on issuing and monitoring the origin of animals and their Derivatives

the main content & goals: The purpose of this tool is to regulate the relations between the central and local government agencies that are in charge of controlling and processing the transportation of the raw materials by individuals, business entities and organizations.


Date of approval: April 3, 2017

approved subject: Minister of Environment and Tourism, Order No.A/75


source: http://www.mne.mn/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/BOAJS.2017.04.03.A.75.An-amitan-tedgeeriin-garaltai-

tuuhii-edii.pdf



- type of tool:



[ 57 ]

Number 39

DescRiption

name: Regulation on monitoring and inspecting animals, plants, Raw materials and products across state bor-ders

the main content & goals: Animal and plant products and their derivative products shall be subject to a quarantine inspection at the State border, by customs and including products in transit, checking for epidemic infectious diseases of the inter-national “A” class to prevent and eliminate cross-border and transboundary diseases, pests, insects, weeds and rodents from infectious diseases and infectious diseases also to humans and animals.


Date of approval: July 15, 2003






- type of tool:



[ 58 ]

Number 40

DescRiption

name: Regulations on Export and Import Certificates for animals, plants, Raw materials and products

the main content & goals: The purpose of this tool is to regulate relations between specialized inspection authorities and citizens and legal entities in the process of certification of exports and imports of animals, animals, plants and their derivative products.



approved subject: Government of Mongolia, Resolution No.173, Appendix 3.





- type of tool:



[ 59 ]

Number 41

DescRiption

name: Regulation on compensating the Damage to plant species

the main content & goals: This regulation and methodology is used to get compen-sation for any offense caused by a guilty person for dam-aging the plant stock referred in Article 21.2 of the Law on Natural Flora.



approved subject: Minister of Environment and Tourism, Order No.A-354

function: Regulation, Methodology


sDg target involved: 15.7, 15.а


- type of tool:



[ 60 ]

Number 42

DescRiption

name: Regulation on Disaster vulnerability and Risk assess-ment

the main content & goals: The regulation is used for disaster risk assessment and for protecting environment from its vulnerabilities.

scope: Aimag, Capital city, soum, district, bag, khoroo and busi-ness entities




source: https://mecss.gov.mn/law/279/


Classification code: mo1

- type of tool:



[ 61 ]

Number 43

DescRiption

name: mongolia’s innovation policy guidelines

the main content & goals: The purpose of this guideline is to guide policy recommendation, identify the trends and provide base for innovation platforms for starting a business and developing a knowledge-based economy.


Date of approval: October, 2016

approved subject: IT Park

function: Guidelines

source: http://itpark.mn/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/mongol-innovatoion_meeting1.pdf

sDg target involved: 8.1, 8.2, 9.b, 9.5

Classification code: mo2

- type of tool:



[ 62 ]

Number 44

DescRiption

name: water ecology, economic base assessment

the main content & goals:Assessment of the quantity, quality and importance of water resources and damage to water resources.

scope: National level, 29 water basins


approved subject: Government Resolution No.302, Appendix 1


source: https://www.legalinfo.mn/law/details/4588


Classification code: mw1

- type of tool:



[ 63 ]

Number 45

DescRiption

name: Regulation on the Regime of special and common protection and Hygienic Regimes for water Resources

the main content & goals:The purpose of this regulation is to implement surface water and groundwater resource measures through prevention, protection and pollution mitigation.



approved subject: Minister of Environment and Minister of Health and

Social Welfare, Joint Order No.143/A/352, Appendix 1


source:https://www.legalinfo.mn/annex/details/4384?law-

id=7618

sDg target involved: 6.4, 6.6


- type of tool:



[ 64 ]

Number 46

DescRiption

name: Regulation on protecting water Resources from contamination

the main content & goals: The purpose of this regulation, according to Article 22.4 of the Law on Water is to establish simple protective zones, sanitary zones and regimes and to protect water sources, yields and resources.



approved subject: Minister of Environment, Green Development and Tourism, Minister of Construction and Urban

Development Joint Order No.A/230/127


source: http://www.mne.mn/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/2015.4.pdf



- type of tool:



[ 65 ]

Number 47

DescRiption

name: Regulation on Grading of Dryness, Desertification, and water Resource management procedures

the main content & goals: The purpose of this regulation is to establish an esti-mate of drought, desertification and degradation status under a negative climate change in a particular area and to regulate the proper allocation of appropriate water resources for the given conditions.

scope: National level, land with high drought, desertification and dryness





sDg target involved: 6.5, 15.3


- type of tool:



[ 66 ]

Number 48

DescRiption

name: norms and Requirement for Drinking and Household consumption water

the main content & goals: Water quality and standards for surface and groundwater are set by this standard.



approved subject: Minister of Environment and Minister of Health and Social Welfare, Joint Order No.143/A/352 , Appendix 2

function: Norms, Requirements




- type of tool:



[ 67 ]

Number 49

DescRiption

name: Rule on protecting water Resources from pollution

the main content & goals: The purpose of this rule is to protect water resources and to implement its pollution reduction actions.



approved subject: Minister of Nature and Environment and Minister of Health and Social Welfare, Joint Order No.143/A/352,

Appendix 3 and 4

function: Rule




- type of tool:



[ 68 ]

Number 50

DescRiption

name: maximum permissible limite of Drinking and Household consumption water Quality

the main content & goals: The maximum permissible limit of toxic substances in water for domestic use is determined by this norm.



approved subject: Minister of Nature and the Environment and Minister for Health and Social Welfare, Joint Order No.143/A/352,

Appendix 5

function: Maximum permissible limit

source: https://www.legalinfo.mn/annex/?lawid=7618



- type of tool:



[ 69 ]

Number 51

DescRiption

name: Purified Wastewater Supplied to the Environment

the main content & goals: This standard determines the maximum permissible levels of contaminants and other characteristics of treated wastewater effluent from household consump-tion and production and services. MNS 4943:2015



approved subject: National Council for Standardization Decree No.50

function: Standards

source: http://estandard.gov.mn/standart/v/3615



- type of tool:



[ 70 ]

Number 52

DescRiption

name: Regulation on measuring water consumption

the main content & goals: The purpose of this regulation is to regulate water use and use of water meters.

scope: Business entities, organizations, water users and con-sumers engaged in water meters, metrology works, and services engaged in water extraction, transmission, storage and sale activities shall comply.





sDg target involved: 6.4 , 6.b


- type of tool:



[ 71 ]

Number 53

DescRiption

name: Regulation on measuring excess water consumption

the main content & goals: This regulation applies to the payment of fees and charges on citizens, business entities and organizations (water users) for permitted to use water.

scope: National level, water user, business entity or organization





sDg target involved: 6.4, 6.b


type of tool:

policy cycle application:


[ 72 ]

Number 54

DescRiption

name: norms and Requirements for kindergartens, schools, Dormitories, sanitation and Hygiene

the main content & goals: The norms and requirements are designed to provide a model environment and provide methodological guidance for kindergartens, secondary schools and dormitories in terms of water, sanitation and hygiene norms and requirements.

scope: National level, Kindergarten, secondary school, dormitory

Date of approval: 29 June, 2015

approved subject: Ministers of Education, Culture and Science, Minister of Health, Sport and Finance Joint Order No.A/253/251/173

function: Norms, Requirements

source: http://www.wins4girls.org/resources/2015%20Mongolia%20Guideline%20for%20Implementation%20of%20National%20

Norms.pdf



- type of tool:



[ 73 ]

Number 55

DescRiption

name: Regulation on licensing and Requirement on licensing of business entities and organizations operating on the transport, collection, storage, Recycling, Disposal and export of Hazardous waste

the main content & goals: The purpose of this regulation is to regulate the legal norms for permitting the transport, collection, storage, recycling, destruction and exportation by business entities and organizations.


Date of approval: January 30, 2018



source: http://www.mne.mn/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/BOAJS.2018.01.30.A.18.Ayultai-hog-hayagdlig-teeverleh-

tsugluulah-...juram-zovshoorol.pdf

sDg target involved: 12.4.

Classification code: mR1

type of tool:


integration application:

[ 74 ]

Number 56

DescRiption

name: Regulation of the integrated state information Database of the waste, the composition and the collection of information

the main content & goals: The purpose of this regulation is to regulate stakeholders with regards to the waste management information system and waste management information dissemination.





source: http://www.mne.mn/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/medeellin-san.pdf



type of tool:



[ 75 ]

Number 57

DescRiption

name: Regulation on green procurement

the main content & goals: The Green Development Policy states that «green procurement is a process to ensure efficient use of resources, sustainable natural ecosystem services, climate adaptation, creation of green purchasing goods, and works and services aimed at climate change as special focus for procurement with environmental considerations”.

scope: Citizens, economic entities and organizations


approved subject: Chairman of the Mongolian National Chamber of Commerce and Industry, Order No.142, Appendix 1


source: https://archive.iges.or.jp/files/research/climate-energy/mm/PDF/20161214/1_1_3.pdf



type of tool:



[ 76 ]

Number 58

DescRiption

name: guidelines from “sustainable Development- Higher education forum ii”

the main content & goals: This is a guideline for higher education governance, le-gal, funding, curriculum, quality improvement, human resource-teacher development, student development, social security, research and innovation issues for Mon-golian universities and colleges.

scope: Mongolian universities and colleges


approved subject: Minister of Education, Culture, Science and Sport, Offi-cial document No.A/2718

function: Guidelines

source: https://www.must.edu.mn/mn/content/show/id/7613



type of tool:



[ 77 ]

Number 59

DescRiption

name: Green Office Management Methodology

the main content & goals: This is a methodology for managing and recommending environment-friendly, green patterns and practices for office equipment, stationery materials, transport, energy, water and waste.

scope: Business entities and organizations


approved subject: Chairman of the Mongolian National Chamber of Commerce and Industry, Order No. 142, Appendix 2.

type: Methodology

function: https://archive.iges.or.jp/files/research/climate-energy/mm/PDF/20161214/1_1_3.pdf


Classification code:mR5

type of tool:



[ 78 ]

Number 60

DescRiption

name: Regulation on Classification of Travel and Tourism organizations

the main content & goals: The purpose of this regulation is to regulate the process of the classification of tourism activities and define its types of classification to Mongolian tourist companies.



approved subject: Minister of Environment and Tourism, Order No.31, Appendix 1



sDg target involved: 12.b


type of tool:



[ 79 ]

Number 61

DescRiption

name: general Requirements for Recreation, ger camps and Hotels

the main content & goals: Business entities and individuals operating on campsites, tourist camps and hotels will follow this standard and monitor their operations. MNS 6043:2009



approved subject: National Council of Standardization and Metrology, Resolution No.45

function: Standard

source: http://estandard.gov.mn/standart/v/2750

sDg target involved: 12.b


type of tool:



[ 80 ]

Number 62

DescRiption

name: methods of Rehabilitation in areas Damaged by artisanal mining

the main content & goals: The purpose of this methodology is to reclaim and rehabilitate the degraded land, due to artisanal mining in the interest of the public.

scope: National level, degraded land

Date of approval: August 17, 2017

approved subject: Minister of Nature, Environment and Tourism, Minister of Mining and Heavy Industry, Joint Order No.A/226-A/182


source: https://asmhub.mn/uploads/files/baygal-orchny-nkhn-sergeeltiyn-argachlal.pdf

sDg target involved: 6.6, 12.2, 15.1, 15.4, 15.5


type of tool:



[ 81 ]

2.2. conclusions

From the ADB Tool Compendium, there were 12 tools employed in Mongolia; together with 50 existing tools, a total of 62 tools used, tried, or researched. From employment of international tools mentioned in the Tool Compendium, it was concluded that few Framework (Approach) and Formulation and implementation stage tools were being used. Since formulation and drafting comes first in the policy cycle, there is a need to prioritize formulation stage tools at this moment. No international tool used in the country meets the selection criteria presented in Section 1.1 above.

Looking at the existing tools, it is concluded that none of these tools cover all aspects of SDGs.(Figure 3) All these tools are actually addressing very specific needs. Moreover, these tools repetitively address similar SDG targets.

However, we conclude that the scope of Filtration Analysis tool (Code ME12 in Table 2) can be expanded from local administration to national level coverage of SDG targets. Furthermore, the simplicity of the tool is an advantage factor. Therefore, this tool is recommended for further consideration.

Figure 3. List of SDG Targets Addressed by Existing Tools from Table 3, by frequency

66

2.2. Conclusions, Recommendations

From the ADB Tool Compendium, there were 12 tools employed in Mongolia; together with 50 existing tools, in total 62 tools used, tried, or researched. From employment of international tools mentioned in the Tool Compendium, it was concluded that there are few Framework (Approach) tools that has been used, and few formulation and implementation stage tools. Since formulation and drafting comes first in the policy cycle, there is a need to prioritize formulation stage tools at this moment. No tool has been identified among the international tools used in the country that meet the selection criteria presented in Section 1.1 above.

Looking at the existing (regulated) tools, it is concluded that none of these tools cover all aspects of SDGs. All these tools are actually addressing very specific needs. Moreover, these tools repetitively address similar SDG targets. This is leaving a gap of SDG targets in need for attention or other tools that address all aspects of environment-related SDGs of importance (Figure 3).

However, we conclude that the scope of Filtration Analysis tool (Code ME12 in Table 2) can be expanded from local administration to national level coverage of SDG targets. Furthermore, the simplicity of the tool is a crucial factor in tool selection criteria. Therefore, this tool is recommended for further consideration in tool development.

Figure 3. List Of SDG Targets Addressed by Existing Tools from Table 3, by frequency

Source: Author’s calculation

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

6.1

6.2

6.3

6.4

6.5

6.6

6.a

6.b

8.2

8.3

9.3

9.4

9.5 9.b

12.1

12.2

12.3

12.4

12.5

12.7

12.8

12.a

12.b

12.с

13.1

15.1

15.2

15.3

15.4

15.5

15.6

15.7

15.8

15.9

15.a

15.b

Comment [SR6]: ӨНГӨТ

Source: Author’s calculationSDG Targets

Num

ber o

f Too

ls

[ 82 ]

3. DESK REVIEW OF EXISTING INTERNATIONAL TOOLS 3.1. compendium of international tools

The purpose of this review was, in the context of Mongolia, to perform a high-level desk review on existing international tools that can be used for integrating the environmental dimensions of the SDGs, particularly SDGs 6, 12 and 15, into national policy priorities. The identification of additional (not included in the ADB Tool Compendium) international tools followed the same criteria as presented above for tools used in Mongolia.

The main source of information was the Tool Compendium published under Phase 1 of the ADB Technical Assistance (TA-9245) project. A brief review was also made on other international tools, described in other sources such as:

• OECD, on environment and economic growth• UN System, with search on SDGs, public administration and UNDESA• Research institutes, e.g. Stockholm Environment Institute’s (SEI) tools (LEAP, WEAP,

REAP, LEAP-IBC)• UN Global Compact with 200 resources described, primarily on business development• SDG Tools (a website), on biodiversity and conservation.

Some of the tools in the above sources were also included in the ADB Tool Compendium.

[ 83 ]

Tabl

e 3.

Bel

ow is

the

list

of

tool

s se

lect

ed f

rom

the

ADB

Too

l Com

pend

ium

tha

t co

mbi

nes

the

thre

e ty

pes

of to

ols

(Fra

mew

ork;

Issu

e id

entif

icat

ion

or fr

amin

g, o

r Pol

icy

form

ulat

ion;

Stra

tegi

c), r

egar

ded

as a

long

list

of c

andi

date

tool

s.

#№

tool

nam

e

type

whe

n to

use

How

to u

se

Framework Tool

Guidance Tool

Methodology Tool

Standalone Tool

Issue Identification and Framing

Formulation and Drafting

Implementation

Monitoring, Evaluating and

Reporting

Strategic Tool

Procedural Tool

Organizational Tool

1G

1D

aily

Tria

ngle

and

Hou

rgla

ss M

odel

(Ulti

mat

e M

eans

to U

ltim

ate

Ends

)

2G

2D

ough

nut E

cono

mic

s

3G

3In

tegr

ated

Pol

icym

akin

g fo

r Sus

tain

able

D

evel

opm

ent

4G

4M

ains

trea

min

g, A

ccel

erat

ion,

and

Pol

icy

Supp

ort (

MAP

S) F

ram

ewor

k

5G

27Bh

utan

Gro

ss N

atio

nal H

appi

ness

(GN

H) P

olic

y Sc

reen

ing

Tool

6E2

Nex

us A

ppro

ache

s to

Env

ironm

enta

l Res

ourc

e M

anag

emen

t

7E3

Syst

em o

f Env

ironm

enta

l-Ec

onom

ic A

ccou

ntin

g (S

EEA)

8R1

Inte

rnat

iona

l Org

aniz

atio

n fo

r Sta

ndar

diza

tion

ISO

140

00 S

erie

s (E

nviro

nmen

tal M

anag

emen

t Sy

stem

s)

9R2

ISO

260

00 (S

ocia

l Res

pons

ibili

ty)

10R3

SDG

Com

pass

11L1

Biod

iver

sity

Str

ateg

ies

and

Actio

n Pl

ans

12L2

Gre

en L

ist o

f Pro

tect

ed a

nd C

onse

rved

Are

as

13L3

Red

List

of E

cosy

stem

s an

d Th

reat

ened

Spe

cies

14L3

7In

tegr

ated

Eco

syst

em M

anag

emen

t

15L3

8TE

EBAg

riFoo

d Ev

alua

tion

Fram

ewor

k

tota

l14

70

614

68

814

127

[ 84 ]

[ 85 ]

[ 86 ]

[ 87 ]

[ 88 ]

[ 89 ]

[ 90 ]

[ 91 ]

[ 92 ]

[ 93 ]

[ 94 ]

[ 95 ]

[ 96 ]

3.2. conclusions

The tools assessed in 3.1 are aimed at solving specific issues, do not address a wide range of issues, or too complicated to be flexibly used by policy practitioners on policies from various sectors. In other words, the reviewed tools were found not to meet the requirements of an overall and easy-to-use upstream screening tool that covers a wide range of aspects including meeting the six selection criteria presented above. In essence, it was concluded that there is limited applicability of many complex tools, unless the user is a specialist or has passed tool-specific training.

However, the G27 Bhutan Gross National Happiness (GNH) Policy Screening Tool, described as Proposal 1 in next chapter could be analyzed in-depth as it fulfills several of our criteria for a tool. For Mongolia, a similar tool can be developed to meet local conditions and needs.

sDg 6

11 tools were identified addressing one or several of SDG 6 targets, including 2 that address sanitation. Being too specific (although useful for the respective purpose), none of the identified tools meets the selection criteria.

[ 97 ]

sDg 12

There are 21 tools listed and described in the R4 series of the ADB Tool Compendium. Many, if not all, of these tools are very useful for determining present-day situation and prospects for policy action. There were eight tools for promoting responsible consumption and production, four of which are approved by the ministries and others are in the form of methodologies, standards and recommendations.

sDg 15

In its L5-series, the Tool Compendium lists 29 tools applicable to SDG 14 (Life below Water) and SDG 15, several of which relevant not only to life below water but also to terrestrial biodiversity. There are 15 tools described (L37-L51) for SDG 15. The different tools can be chosen for different, specific, purposes. This report, however, contains a total of 18 tools ML1-ML6 and MD1-MD12.

[ 98 ]

4. CONCLUSIONS, RECOMMENDATIONSA general conclusion from the review shows that most of all tools are directed towards specific environmental issue and do not address a wide range of issues, or not easy-to-use by a range of policy practitioners in different sectors. In other words, the reviewed tools were found not to meet the criteria of an overall and easy-to-use upstream screening tool that covers a wide range of aspects. In essence, it was concluded that there is limited applicability of many complex tools, unless the user is a trained specialist

The criteria used to select a suitable tool is as follows:1. address environmental aspects of SDGs, in particular SDGs 6, 12 and 153, 2. address integration of environmental priorities into national and sector policies, plans

and programs3. be applicable in early stages of policy and plan development processes4. be easy to use, also without detailed environmental knowledge5. help everyone rethink nature as a crucial and valued asset6. be applicable also for non-governmental stakeholders.

The following 2 tools from the desk review meet the above six criteria and are suggested as possible alternatives that can be used. These include:

- Bhutan Gross National Happiness (GNH) Policy Screening Tool (G27)- Filter Analysis (ME12)

Based on these 2 tools, a suitable tool is outlined and presented as the third proposed tool. In other words, first we propose using the Bhutan Gross National Happiness (GNH) Policy Screening Tool; and the Filtration Analysis. Then, these were combined creating a new tool that fit the needs of this project. The next report will elaborate on the new tool

3 SDG 6 = Clean water and sanitation, SDG 12= Responsible consumption and production, and SDG 15= Life on land

[ 99 ]

pRoposal 1: G27 Bhutan Gross National Happiness (GNH) Policy Screening Tool

How to use: Tool asks for a given policy document to be assigned with corresponding points for how it effects various aspects of societal happiness. Negative effect to societal happiness needs to be compensated by 2 positive aspects for the policy to pass. The passing score is score corresponding to “Neutral” times the number of aspects to be evaluated.

advantages: Disadvantages:• Already used in policy screening

• Simple

• Easy to use

• Analyzes the policy as a whole

• Does not show the gap where missing SDG targets need to be addressed

• Hard to evaluate for a policy that has mixed effects on environment.

[ 100 ]

pRoposal 2: Filtration Analysis. This kind of tool has been used as a part of research on the Green Development Assessment for regional level in Mongolia.

How to use: This tool analyzes the policy by targets and classifies it into three categories namely (i) Addresses SDG targets (ii) Irrelevant to (environment-related) SDG targets, and (iii) Missing, meaning that the SDG target has not been addressed in the policy document at all. In this way the analysis shows a way forward on how to improve the policy on target level as well as the policy as a whole. However, lacks a threshold value to pass or reject the policy document.

advantages: Disadvantages:

• Tested in Mongolia at a regional level and on the green development indicators

• Analyzes the policy at the target level

• Clearly shows the gap or SDG targets that have not been addressed by policy targets.

• Does not have clear threshold to pass the policy document

• Negative impact of the policy target is not addressed.

Targets

IrrelevantSuitable

Suitability

Indicators- Checklist

Missing

National policies and programs

Environment-Related SGDs based filtration

Filtering analysis

31 2

[ 101 ]

pRoposal 3: Screening+Gap Analysis. This tool was intended to address the shortcomings of above tools and tried to combine the advantages.

How to use: The tool uses the scoring system of the Bhutanese Policy Screening Tool on the policy as a whole and asks for number of policy objectivesaddressing specific SDG targets. The tool can have a threshold number to pass a policy document and indicate the SDG targets that may need to be addressed in order for the policy to include positive adjustments toward environmental dimensions.

advantages: Disadvantages:

• Has threshold to pass/reject the policy document

• Can indicate SDG targets that need to be addressed (gap)

• Can show how many (proposed) policy targets are addressing certain SDG target.

• Is not able to indicate which policy targets need adjustment and how much

• Complicates the analysis compared to previous proposals

[ 102 ]

REFERENCESADB. (2018, July). Strengthening the Environmental Dimensions of the Sustainable Development

Goals in Asia and The Pacific: Knowledge-Sharing Workshop Proceedings. Manila.ADB. (2018). Asian Development Outlook. Manila: АDB.ADB. (2019a). Strengthening the Environmental Dimensions of the Sustainable Development

Goals in Asia and the Pacific: A Stocktake of National Response to Sustainable Development Goals 12,14 and 15. Manila.

ADB. (2019b). Strengthening the Environmental Dimensions of the Sustainable Development Goals in Asia and the Pacific: Tool Compendium. Manila.

ADB. (2019c). Asian Development Outlook 2019 Update. Fostering Growth and Inclusion in Asia’s Cities. Manila.

Banerjee, Onil & Cicowiez, Martin & Horridge, Jonathan & Vargas, Renato. (2019). Evaluating Synergies and Trade-Offs in Achieving the SDGs of Zero Hunger and Clean Water and Sanitation: An Application of the IEEM Platform to Guatemala. Ecological Economics. 161. 280-291. 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2019.04.003.

Barquet, K., Trimmer, C., Sturesson, A., Joyce, B. and Jambal, D. (2019). Piloting the SDG Synergies Approach in Mongolia. Stockholm Environment Institute, Stockholm.

Biggeri, Mario & Clark, David A. & Ferrannini, Andrea & Mauro, Vincenzo, 2019. “Tracking the SDGs in an ‘Integrated’ Manner: A Proposal for a New Index to Capture Synergies and Trade-offs Between and Within Goals,” World Development, Elsevier, vol. 122(C), pages 628-647.

Cambridge Conservation Initiative. (2019) SDG Tool - Version 0.6 - Revision 30. https://sdgtool.com/

Centre for Bhutan & GNH Studies. (2019). www.grossnationalhappiness.com. http://www.grossnationalhappiness.com/gnh-policy-and-project-screening-tools/

E. Kemp-Benedict (2014). Shifting to a Green Economy: Lock-in, Path Dependence, and Policy Options. SEI Working Paper 2014-08.

Eric Kemp-Benedict. (2018). Dematerialization, Decoupling, and Productivity Change. Ecological Economics, 150 (2018), 204–216..

GIZ and Uppsala University, (IZB). (2017). Education for Sustainable Development-Annual Report. Ulaanbaatar: Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation in Mongolia.

Government of Mongolia. (2003, July 15). Regulations on Export and Import Certificates for Animals, Plants, Raw Materials and Products. Government of Mongolia Resolution No. 173, Appendix 3.

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