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脂类营养 (lipids). 学习要点. 了解脂类的性质以及种类; 掌握脂肪、磷脂、必需脂肪酸的生理功能及来源; 明确食物脂肪营养价值的评价指标; 掌握脂类的食物来源及推荐摄入量。 了解加工贮藏对油脂营养价值的影响 了解脂类营养与人类健康的关系. 第一节 脂类的概念、性质及分类. 胆固醇 ( CH ) 胆固醇酯( CE ) 磷脂 ( PL ) 糖脂 ( GL ) 脂蛋白 ( Apo ). 类脂. 脂类是脂肪和类脂的总称。 脂肪 甘油三酯( TG ) 脂类. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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(lipids)
TG
::CnH2nO2CnH2n-2O2CnH2n-4O2C20:5 (EPA)C22:6 (DHA) C20:4 C18:2
Fats - SolidSaturated fatty acids have crystallization stabilized by hydrophobic interactions.
Oils - LiquidMixtures of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. The cis-double bonds of the unsaturated fatty acids introduce bends in the hydrocarbon tail and inhibit close packing.
:phosphatidyl cholinePCphosphatidyl serinePSphosphatidyl ethanolamine PEphosphatidyl inositolPIDPGsphingomyelinSMsphingoine
HDL-LDL-VLDLCM
CM VLDL CM
LDL LDL HDL HDLSFAHDL
1 1 2 10 20% 2 5% 3 3
1 1 kg of fat weight corresponds to the total energy expenditure of 4.6 days, or to 17 h of intense aerobic exercise like running (600 kcal/h).In a fasted day, it would result in the mobilization of 160 g of FA per day (calculated as palmitate) of which about one-third would be oxidized and the rest would be reesterified into TG
2 3. 4 5 6 7.
1 2 3 4 5 6
190% 2D 3 4
+-
CoANADHFADH2Cnn/21n/2CoAn/2NADHn/2FADH2CoATCANADHFADH2ATP18CATP
CoATCAD--CoA
GluCoACoACoA- 3 +
phospholipaseA(A1A2)BCD
-CoAL--3--CoA-CoA
0.3 0.8 1
12cholic acidNADPHO2--3D
1 142 812 6 3
SFA) LDL
(MUFA) (PUFA) n-3-3 n-6-6
-EPADHAn-3TG VLDLTGHDLC
EPA DHA-
n-6:LDL HDLn-6PUFA
LDLHDL
essential fatty acidEFA
-
(n-3n-6)
1 2 3
4 5
6X7DHA
ADEKADADE
EE
0.3%3.2%1%4%
80%B1B2E9294%
85%47.8%97%E100g10mg
ADEK
-EA
ADEK
ED
AD -
90%
EPADHA
5044502184001351250
mg/100g-1
Lecithin
SFAMUFAPUFA 2050UFASFA1PUFAPUFA
30SFAMUFAPUFA10 111
20002030EFAEFA1-2%300mg/ SFAMUFAPUFA101010
n-6n-3 PUFA1994FAOn-6n-35~101WHOFAO PUFA n-6n-3461
1 45~50% 0~6800ml27.7g1MJ239.0kcal47%45~50635~40%
2 198330%10%100mg/l000kcal198825~30%
3 AI25%~30
4 RDA30%~35%101025~30% 5 15~25300 mg/d
6 45~59BMI > 2516.6%26.2%6016.9%22.4%11.917%20%~3010%300mg/d
OlestraJojobaOilSorbestrinTATCAEPGDDMOlestraFDA
7
(TC)2.96.0mmol/L(TG)0.221.20mmol/L(CE)7075%(HDL-C)0.801.68 mmol/L0.901.98mmol/L(LDL-C)1.684.53mmol/L
1
2LDLMUFAEPADHA
2
VE!
4An-3PUFA)
8
1
2. .
PUFAC=CC=CC-HpHPUFADNAC(HC-H-CH2-L-LOO-LOO-
C-C.
20271016
0721940.62.118.1109.891.573.42.51.50
(1)l00(2)400 (3)8001200()
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)
POV1kg(AV)1gKOH(IV)100g(SV)1gKOH
*