Lietuvos kaimo gyvenvie čių funkcij ų transformacijos: l ūkesčiai ir tikrov ė

Lietuvos kaimo apgyvenimo kaitos regionin ės ypatyb ės

Edis Kriau čiūnas, Rūta Ubarevi čienė, Gintar ė Pociūtė-Sereikien ėLietuvos socialinių tyrimų centro Visuomenės geografijos ir demografijos institutas

LITHUANIAN SOCIAL RESEARCH CENTREINSTITUTE OF HUMAN GEOGRAPHY AND DEMOGRAPHY

III LIETUVOS GEOGRAFŲ KONGRESAS Vilnius, 2014 m. rugsėjo 26-27 d

Tyrimą finansuoja Lietuvos mokslo taryba (sutarties Nr. MIP-006/2013)

Regional peculiarities of rural settlements change in Lithuania

KOLŪKINĖS GYVENVIEČIŲSISTEMOS PAVELDAS

� The conception of united settlement system

� The development of rural areas was related to the development of agriculture.

� The most important service and social infrastructure used to be concentrated in its: shop, catering institution, post, other services, medical station, schools, kindergartens, etc.

THE HERITAGE OF KOLKHOZ SETTLEMENTS’ SYSTEM

Village Serdokai (Vilkaviškis district) ~ 1971

"Jaunimo gretos" 1955 m. www.miestai. net

� 737 kolkhozes and 282 sovchozes in Lithuania in the end of Soviet period� About 1 thous. “central” rural farming settlements

THE HERITAGE OF KOLKHOZ SETTLEMENTS’ SYSTEM

Plungė district in 1993. Plungė –Babrungo kraštas, A.Garunkštis, R.Kontvainas, A. Stanaitis

The tendencies of rural development after 1990

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Per

cent

age

of to

tal p

opul

atio

n

1959 1970 1980 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014

Year Urban population

Rural population

Rural population

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

1959 1970 1980 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014

Year

Pop

ulat

ion,

thou

s.

Prienai (Švenčionys district): – google maps (2012 m.)

Prienai (Švenčionys district): Česlovas Kudaba „Švenčionių rajonas“, Vilnius „Mintis“ 1983 m. Photo: Vladas Uznevičius

Average rural population change per year (in 1990-2010 period)

1990–1995 1995–2000

2000–2005 2005–2010

The change of number of rural population in the rural settlements

in 1989-2011 -14.8%

in 1989-2001 -3.0%

in 2001-2011 -12.1%

The number of the rural residents in the different size settlements in Lithuania in1959-2011, according to the census data

Change of number of rural settlements in Lithuania in 1959-2011, according to the census data

The change of number of population in the rural settlements in 2001-2011

Changes of the number of residents in Lithuanian rural settlements during the period

2001-2011

Number of residentshas not changed7.5%

Number of residentshas increased17.6%

Bacame habitabefrom uninhabited0.9%

Number of residentshas decreased65.8%

Number of residentshas decreased:settlements becameuninhabited 8.1%

Veliuona, 2013

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

1-4

5-9

10-24

25-49

50-99

100-199

200-499

500-999

1000-1999

2000-2999

>3000

Typ

es o

f the

set

tlem

ents

acc

ordi

ng to

the

num

ber of

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iden

ts in

200

1

Number of residents has decreased: settlementsbecame uninhabitedNumber of residents has decreased

The number of residents has not changed

Number of residents has increased

The change of number of population in the rural settlements in 2001-2011

The change of number of population in the rural set tlements in 2001-2011

The change of number of population in the rural set tlements in 2001-2011

The change of number of population in the rural settlements in 2001-2011

The change of number of population in the rural set tlements in 2001-2011

Occupation of Lithuanian rural population (the data for 2013) (http://www.stat.gov.lt).

The tendencies of spatial distribution of occupatio n of rural population

The tendencies of spatial distribution of occupatio n of rural population

The tendencies of spatial distribution of occupation of rural population

The tendencies of spatial distribution of occupatio n of rural population

The changes of institutions and service establishme nts in the rural settlements

Kindergarden in village in the Soviet times Kindergarden in village Juknaičiai 2013 (Photo

E. Kriaučiūnas)

The changes of institutions and service establishme nts in the rural settlements

Renovaed school in village Nevarėnai (Telšiai district) in 2013

Renovaed school in village Beižonys (Elektrėnai district) in 2014

School bus in village Padovinys (Marijampolės district) in 2013

Closed school in village Baltininkai (Telšiai district)2013

The changes of institutions and service establishme nts in the rural settlements

>300 inhabitantsLocal chain supermarket in village Stalgėnai (Plungė district )

>500 inhabitantsŽąsliai (Kaišiadorys district)

~200 inhabitants Village Užguostis(Prienai district)

~200 inhabitants Village Pievėnai (Mažeikiai district)

The changes of institutions and service establishme nts in the rural settlements

<100 inhabitants

1984. A.Meilus „Mol ėtų rajonas“, Vilnius „Mintis“ Photo Jonas Danauskas

2010 Mindūnai (Molėtai district) photo G.Poci ūtė

2012 (google maps)

2013 Palomen ė (Kaišiadorys district) Photo E.Kriau čiūnas

The changes of institutions and service establishme nts in the rural settlements

The changes of institutions and service establishments in the rural settlements

Darbėnai (Kretinga district) in 2013

The changes of institutions and service establishments in the rural settlements

Lankupiai ( Klaipėda district)2013. Photo E.Kriau čiūnas

Eigirdžiai ( Telšiai district) 2013. Photo E.Kriau čiūnas

Centre-periphery factor

Šiaul ėnai (Radviliškis district) 2012.

Conclusions

1. In Lithuania the system of rural settlements adjusted to theSoviet farming still remaines, though the occupational structureof rural population changed essentially.

2. The lack of employment places has influence on theemigration of rural population of working age abroad or thesearch of work in the cities. The relation of population, whichworks in the settlement where they live, and the population,which goes to work to other territories, depends on the supplyof employment in the settlement itself and the dislocation ofsettlement in regard to the city system.

3. While the importance of traditional activity decreases in therural territories the demand of rural territories increases for theother activities (the demand of outskirts rural territories for thedwelling construction, for the relaxation of citizens in therecreation districts etc.).

4. The importance of centre-periphery factor becomes clear in therural territories of Lithuania: near the cities the ruralsettlements grow, and in the peripheral districts the ruralpopulation is too big, therefore, the further decline of ruralsettlements is being forecasted.

LIETUVOS RESPUBLIKOSTERITORIJOS ADMINISTRACINIŲ VIENETŲ IR JŲ RIBŲ

ĮSTATYMASMiestai yra kompaktiškai užstatytos gyvenamosios vietovės, turinčios daugiau kaip 3 tūkst. gyventojų, kurių daugiau kaip 2/3 dirbančiųjų dirba pramonėje, verslo bei gamybinės ir socialinės infrastruktūros srityse.

Mažiau kaip 3 tūkst. gyventojų turintys Lietuvos Respublikos miestai, rajonų miestai bei miesto tipo gyvenvietės, turėję miesto statusą, kaip gyvenamosios vietovės yra laikomi miestais ir įsigaliojus Lietuvos Respublikos teritorijos administracinių vienetų ir jų ribų įstatymui.

Miesteliai yra kompaktiškai užstatytos gyvenamosios vietovės, turinčios nuo 500 iki 3000 gyventojų, kurių daugiau kaip pusė dirbančiųjų dirba pramonėje, verslo bei gamybinės ir socialinės infrastruktūros srityse, taip pat tradiciniai miesteliai.Kaimai yra gyvenamosios vietovės, neturinčios miesto, miestelio ir viensėdžio požymių.Viensėdžiai yra istoriškai susiformavusios gyvenamosios vietovės, paprastai sudarytos arba kilusios iš vienos sodybos ir turinčios ne daugiau kaip 20 objektų skirtingu adresu.

Post scriptum

Kategorija Iš viso 2011 m.

>3000 500 -3000 100–500

1- 100 Be gyventojų(0)

Miestai 103 69 37 2Panemunė ir Troškūnai

- -

Miesteliai 249 - 125 118 6Skiemonys, Labanoras, Žemoji Panemunė, Gadūnavas, Lyduvėnai

-

Kaimai(+ geležinkelio stotys)

19003 6 201+1 1727+4 13718+21

3325

Viensėdžiai 1688 0 1 Birštono 7 804 876

Post scriptum

Ačiū!Thank you!

Edis Kriau čiūnas,Rūta Ubarevi čienėGintar ė Pociūtė-Sereikien ė

III LIETUVOS GEOGRAFŲ KONGRESAS Vilnius, 2014 m. rugsėjo 26-27 d

Lietuvos kaimo apgyvenimo kaitos regionin ės ypatyb ės

Regional peculiarities of rural settlements change in Lithuania