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zlgaf/ sf]

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uf}td a'4 / xfdL

d}n] lrg]sf x]8df8\;fj;f}uft

c? lzIfseGbf s] xL b'Anf] kftnf] z/ L/ . xfF:bf

cufl8sf b'O{j6f bfFtsf] b'/ L s] xL 6f9f b] lvg] .

zL/ df ;w} + 9fsfsf] 6f] kL . o;afx] s pxfFsf] Ifdtf, nugzLntf / ldng;f/

Jojxf/ sf af/ ] df cfkm"eGbf kfsf] pd] / sf ljBfyL{af6

;'Gb} hfFbf g] qnfnk|lt >4f hfUb} uof] . pxfFnfO{ b] Vbf

dfq klg uj{sf] cg'e"lt x'g] uYof{] . a? pxfFnfO{ s'g ;dodf b] Vg kfOPnf eGg] d] / f] dgleq ;w} + lh1f;f

eO/ x] sf] x'GYof] . d} n] pxfFnfO{ Ps c;n lzIfssf]

?kdf lrGg yfn] + .

;Gbe{M a'4 hoGtL

z/b b]jsf]6f

cfh @%^) cf} + a'4 hoGtL . ;Dk"0f{ k|f0fLdfqsf] lxtsf] nflu / fhsLo j} ej, ;'v, ;on Tofu u/ L Pp6f l;4fGt k|ltkfbg u/ ] sf dxfdfgjn] of] ;+;f/ af6 labf lnPsf] dxfg

lbg . ;fdfGo dflg;sf] a'tfeGbf aflx/ dlxgf} + ef] sKof;nfO{ ltnf~hnL lbO{ 3gf h+undf a;L hLjg d/ 0fsf] bf] ;fFwdf klg nIfdf cl8u / x] sf dfgj lxt} ifL l;4fy{ uf} tdnfO{ ljz] if?kn] ;Demg' kg] { lbg . pxfFn] k|ltkfbg u/ ] sf] l;4fGt s;} sf] pkb] zaf6 k|efljt geO{ :jo+n] k/ LIf0f u/ L cg'ej u/ ] sf] x'Fbf cToGt ljZj;gLo / x] sf] ;+;f/ sf cg]sf}+ ljåfgx?n] cg'ej u/]sf 5g\ . ;+;f/sf s/ f] 8f} + dflg;x? a'4n] k|ltkfbg u/ ] sf] of] wd{k|lt cToGt lgi7fk"j{s nfu] sf 5g\ . oBlk a'4 cfk} mn] eg] slxNo} cfkm"n] k|ltkfbg u/ ] sf] l;4fGtnfO{ wd{ eGg ?rfpg' ePg .

cfh sltko jfbsf] clGtd uGtJo zf] if0f, bdg, cTofrf/ / qm"/ tf g} / x] sf] xf] ls eGg] cg'e"t x'g yfn]sf] 5 . k|s[ltk|bQ ;Dk"0f{ ;|f] t ;fwg cfˆgf] clwgdf / fvL cGonfO{ bf; agfpg] , Tof] ug{ / f] Sg] s'g} klg JolQm, ;d'bfo jf b] zsf] gfsdf 8f] / L nufO{ azdf kfg{ s'g} tGq jfws gePsf] xfdL ;a} n] ef] u] s} tYo xf] . ljsf;sf] r/ dr'nLdf k'u] sf b] zx?df t dfgjtf z"Godf ljnLg eO;s] sf] cg'e"t x'G5 . o:tf] s'g} If0f 5} g hlta] nf caf] w afnaflnsfsf] xTof gePsf] xf] ;\, :s"ndf k9\g] ;–;fgf gfgLx?sf] ;fd"lxs lrxfg gagfPsf] xf] ;\, kfs{df, xf] 6ndf cfˆgf lk|ohgsf ;fy a;] sf lg/ k/ fwx?nfO{ uf] nLsf] lzsf/ gagfOPsf xf] ;\ . ;+;f/ sf] x/ ] s s'gfdf qfxLdfd, sf] nfxn JofKt 5 . hlt;'s} nf] stGqsf] / fu cnfk] klg, h'g;'s} d"Nodf klg cfkm" zlQmzfnL x'g] / ;+;f/ df pknAw k|fs[lts ;|f] t;fwgpk/ / hfOF u/ L df] hdHhf ug'{ g} / x] sf] b] lvG5 .

t/ of] ;'v, of] df] h lr/ :yfoL 5} g . cx+, cx+sf/ / cledfgn] dflQPsf] dfgjn] of] ;f] Rb} g ls d, d] / f] , dnfO{ eGg] gfzjfg 5, Ifl0fs 5 / c:yfoL 5 . hlt–hlt d / d] / f] eGg] e|d b[9 x'Fb} hfG5 plt–plt b'Mv, lrGtf / ljiffb JofKt x'Fb} hfG5 . hlt l56f] xfdL of] e|daf6 d'Qm x'G5f} + Tolt l56f] xfdL ;'vL x'G5f} + . oxL tYonfO{ a'4n] ljleGg kl/ l:yltsf dfem cfkm} n] ef] Ug'eof] . pxfFn] l5§} of] yfxf kfpg'eof] ls / fhsLo ;'v lr/ :yfoL 5} g . To;} n] ;do 5Fb} pxfFn] Tof] kl/ Tofu u/ ] / dfgj dfqsf] ;'vsf] nflu / fhb/ af/ Tofu ug{'eof] .

pxfF h+undf ef} +tfl/ g'eof] . 7"nf–7"nf tk:jLx?sf] s'6Ldf a;] / tk:of ug'{eof] t/ sxL+ klg pxfFn] cfˆgf] nIf k|fKt ug{ ;Sg'ePg . cGtdf pxfFn] cfˆgf] z/ L/ nfO{ unfpg'eof] . xf8 5fnf dfq afFsL / x\of] . 3/ L a] xf] z x'g] , 3/ L af} l/ g] ul/ / xFbf Pp6L ;'hftf gfdsL sGofn] pxfFsf] cf] 7df b"wsf yf] kf v;flnlbFbf c? b"w dfu] sf] k|;+un] efjljx\jn kfb{5 . To;} sf] ef] lnkN6 laxfg pxfFn] a'4Tj k|fKt ug{'eof] . cfkm"n] k|fKt u/ ] sf] 1fg pxfFn] ;a} eGbf klxn] tL sGof / ufpFsf cGo s] 6fs] 6LnfO{ afF8\g'eof] . pxfFn] k|fKt u/ ] sf] 1fg ;'Gbf ;fdfGo nfUg] t/ ulx/ f] / cy{k"0f{ 5 . pxfFn] eGg'eof] – …hGd, a'9\of} nL, / f] uJofwL clg d[To' cjZo+efjL 5 . hlt l56f] of] tYonfO{ xfdL cfTd;ft u5f} {+ Tolt l56f] xfdL b'Mvaf6 5'6sf/ f kfpF5f} + . ;+;f/ df b'Mv 5 . b'Mvsf] sf/ 0f 5 . b'Mv lgjf/ 0f ug{ ;lsG5 . b'Mv lgjf/ 0f ug] { pkfox? 5g\ . b'Mv lgjf/ 0fsf pkfo a'4n] lgDg cg';f/ lbg'ePsf] 5–

!= xTof gu/ MPp6f k|f0fLn] csf] { k|f0fLsf] xTof u/ ] /

s] xL ;dosf nflu ;'v ef] Ug ;lsPnf t/ Tof] 7"nf] czflGtsf] sf/ 0f aGb5 . ct[Kt rfxgfx? slxNo} k"/ f ug{ ;lsb} g . t/ To;sf] kl5–kl5 nfUbf h3Go ck/ fw / lx+;f x'g] ub{5 . cfh ljZjdf hlt czflGt 5 Tof] lx+;fsf] sf/ 0fn] g} 5 . lx+;fn] k|ltlx+;f hGdfpF5 . zflGtk"j{s, ;'vk"j{s afFRgsf nflu lx+;f TofUg'k5{ .

@= rf] / L gu/ M oxfF ;fdfGo rf] / Lsf] dfq s''/ f ul/ Psf]

5} g . Pshgfn] b'Mvk"j{s sdfPsf] ;DklQ x8k ug'{ klg rf] / L xf] . s;} sf] kl;gf r'xfP/ u/ ] sf] kl/ >dsf] plrt kfl/ >lds glbg' klg rf] / L xf] . csf{sf] efu hah{:tL vfOlbg' klg rf] / L xf] . 7Ug' klg rf] / L xf] . oL ;a} sfo{n] Psl5gsf] ;Gt'li6 t lng ;lsPnf t/ ;bfsf nflu czflGt, 56k6L / vt/ f eOg} / xG5 . To;} n] ;'vk"j{s afFRg rfxg] n] s'g} k|sf/ sf] rf] / Ldf ;+nUg x'g'x'Fb} g .

#= dfbskbfy{ jf nfu"kbfy{sf] ;] jg gu/ M cfh ;+;f/ df h] hlt ck/ fwx? ePsf

5g\ ltgsf] ljhf/ f] k0f dfbs kbfy{ jf nfu"kbfy{sf] ;] jgaf6 ePsf] 5 . Ifl0fs cfgGbsf] nflu eg] / k|of] u ul/ Psf] of] dGbljifn] lj:tf/ } –lj:tf/ } dfgjnfO{ bfgjdf kl/ jlt{t ub{5 / p;n] ;fdfGo cj:yfdf sNkgf ug{ g;lsg] s'sd{ ug{ k'Ub5 . Pp6f dfbs kbfy{ jf nfu"kbfy{ ;] jgstf{ cfˆgf] kl/ jf/ , ;dfh / b] zs} nflu 3fts aGg k'U5 . czflGtsf] sf/ s aGg k'Ub5 / cfˆgf] hLjgsf ;fy} / fi6«sf] hLjg;d] t aaf{b agfpF5 . To;} n] of] dGbljifaf6 6f6f / xg a'4n] clt{ lbg'ePsf] 5 .

$= Jolerf/ gu/ M;'vk"j{s, zflGtk"j{s / tgfj/ lxt hLjg

lhpgsf nflu a'4n] of} g Jolerf/ af6 aRg eGg'ePsf] 5 . Pp6f u[x:yn] cfˆgf] kTgL;Fu / u[lx0fLn] cfˆgf] klt;Fu dfq ;'vef] u k|fKt ug'{kb{5 . cfh czflGt, b'Jo{;gL a9\g'df Jolerf/ lgs} xb;Dd lhDd] jf/ 5 . dxfg nf] stGq elgg] b] zx?df lbgs} pHofnf] df, u'l8/ x] sf] a;df, / ] ndf ;fd"lxs anfTsf/ sf 36gf lbgx'F eO/ xG5g\ . anfTsf/ u/ ] kl5 xTof u/ ] / kmflnlbg] qm"/ tf klg JofKt 5 . o;/ L dfgjtf :vlnt eO/ x] sf] 5 / o;sf] h8df unt ;+:sf/ / k/ kL8gaf6 cfglGbt x'g' g} / x] sf] 5 . To;} n] a'4n] of] b'isd{af6 hf] lug ;Nnfx lbg'ePsf] 5 .

%= c;To s'/ f gaf] n Mc;To, em"6f s'/ f ubf{ jf ckmjfx

km} nfpFbf Ps cfk;df j} dg:otf k} bf x'g] ub{5 . Ps–csf{k|ltsf] ljZjf;df 7] ; k'Ug hfG5 . 7"nf–7"nf emu8fsf] aLp / f] lkg hfG5 / dflg;n] Ps csf{sf] xTof;Dd ug{ k'U5 . To;} n] x'Fb} gePsf] jf ePsf] 36gfnfO{ a9fP/ jf 36fP/ ckmjfx km} nfpg' x'Fb} g . em"6f s'/ f u/ ] / s;} nfO{ pS;fpFbf cGttM cfkm} nfO{ xfgL k'U5 .

pk/ f] Qm kfFrj6f s'sd{af6 6f9} / x] df Pp6f ;fdfGo dflg; klg ;'v, zflGt;Fu afFRg ;S5 . cfˆgf] kl/ jf/ , ;dfh / b] zdf g} o;af6 zflGt k|fKt x'G5 . o;sf ;fy} nf] e, qmf] w, 3[0ff, Oiof{, pQ] hgf / 3d08 dfgj dfqsf] zq' eg] / uf} td a'4n] oL v/ fa efjgfx?nfO{ ;fIfLefjn] x] g{ eGg'ePsf] 5 . oL pTkGg x'G5g\ / hfG5g\ klg . logsf] clwgdf cfk"m / xg'x'Fb} g . k|ltlqmof hgfpg''x'Fb} g . oL cfpF5g\ s] xL If0fsf] nflu / xG5g\ / hfG5g\ . xfdLn] k|ltlqmof ghgfP/ vfnL lg/ k] If eP/ logsf] ;fdgf ug{'kb{5 . clg dfq} xfdLn] rfx] sf] zflGtk"j{s afFRg] rfxgf k"/ f x'g] 5 .

uf} td a'4 hGdsf] of] b] zdf xfdL pbfx/ 0f eP/ cGonfO{ b] vfpg'kg] { xf] . b'ef{Uojz xfdL Ps csf{sf] cl:tTj :jLsfg{ ;ls/ x] sf 5} gf} + . zflGtlk|o g] kfnL cfh xTof, lx+;f / b'Jo{;gdf lnKt 5f} + . sxfF r'Sof} + xfdL < s; n] lgDTofof] of] c/ fhstf < Ifl0fs cfgGb k|flKtsf] nflu xfdL h:tf] s'sd{ ug{ klg cu|;/ / xG5f} + . uf} td a'4 xfd|} b] zdf hGd] sf x'g\ egL k|dfl0ft ug{ uf} td a'4n] b] vfPsf] af6f] df lx+8\g cfjZos 5 . xfd|f] cfr/ 0f, kfx'gfx?k|lt xfd|f] ;] jfefj, ;xof] uL efjgfaf6 g} xfdL a'4sf zflGtlk|o ;Gtfg egL ljZjdfem kl/ lrt x'g ;Sg] 5f} + .

ctM cfhsf] ljz] if lbgn] ;a} zflGtlk|o g] kfnLnfO{ Pp6} dfnfdf pGg ;sf] ;\ . s] xL JolQmsf] Ifl0fs :jfy{k"lt{sf] nflu w] / } JolQmx?nfO{ a] v'zL gagfcf} + . ge'nf} + ls h] rLhx? xfdL;Fu 5g\ tLg ;a} xfdLnfO{ 5f] 8] / hfg] 5g\ of xfdLn] tL j:t'x?nfO{ 5f] 8\g] 5f} + . ctM of] cd"No hLjgnfO{ ;fy{s agfpg a'4sf] pkb] znfO{ cfTd;ft ub} { zflGtk"j{s afFRg lbpF / zflGtk"j{s afFrf} + . h] 5 To;} df ;Gtf] if u/ f} + / Oiof{nfO{ lg/ k] If ?kdf x] / f} + dfq . czflGt l;h{gf ubf{ xfdL cfk} m czfGt x'g] 5f} + . ;a} v'zL / x"g\, ;a} nfO{ zflGt k|fKt xf] ;\, ;a} sf] d+un xf] ;\ . ejt', ;Aa d+und\ .

)))

ax'k|ltef ;DkGg g] qnfn cefuL -x] 8df8\;fj_ nfO{ d} n] @)@^ ;fnb] lv lrGg yfn] sf] x'F . nIdLk'/ uflj;sf] 8fF8fufpFaf6 a;fO;/ fO u/ ] / xfd|f] 3/ kl/ jf/ l9sk'/ uflj; cGtu{t b'Gb|f ufpFdf k'Uof] . j/ k/ c? ljBfno lyPgg\ . xfnsf] lqk'/ gu/ kflnsf gf/ fo0fk'/ df >L l;4/ Tggfy xfO:s'ndf g] qnfn cefuL k|wfgfWofks . d To; ljBfnosf] 5fq . 8] 9 306fsf] b'/ Ldf / x] sf] Tof] :s'n ;a} eGbf glhs lyof] . ToxL+ :s'ndf @)@^ ;fndf sIff tLgdf egf{ ePF . pd] / cg';f/ d] / f] k9fO cln l9nf] z'? ePsf] lyof] . xf] , To;sf/ 0f klg ljBfnosf ;a} h;f] lzIfsx?nfO{ lrGg]

dfq xf] Og, gfpF;d] t d'vfu| x'g] uYof{] . ToxL qmddf c? lzIfseGbf s] xL b'Anf] kftnf] z/ L/ . xfF:bf cufl8sf b'O{j6f bfFtsf] b'/ L s] xL 6f9f b] lvg] . zL/ df ;w} + 9fsfsf] 6f] kL . o;afx] s pxfFsf] Ifdtf, nugzLntf / ldng;f/ Jojxf/ sf af/ ] df cfkm"eGbf kfsf] pd] / sf ljBfyL{af6 ;'Gb} hfFbf g] qnfnk|lt >4f hfUb} uof] . pxfFnfO{ b] Vbf dfq klg uj{sf] cg'e"lt x'g] uYof{] . a? pxfFnfO{ s'g ;dodf b] Vg kfOPnf eGg] d] / f] dgleq ;w} + lh1f;f eO/ x] sf] x'GYof] . d} n] pxfFnfO{ Ps c;n lzIfssf] ?kdf lrGg yfn] + . d] / f] Tof] lrGg] tl/ sf Psf] xf] / f] dfq lyof] . Tolta] nf;Dd xfd|f]

bf] xf] / f] ;+jfb eO;s] sf] lyPg .5 sIffdf k9\bfsf] ;dodf ePsf] Pp6f

:d/ 0fLo 36gf oxfF pNn] v ug{ rfxG5' . ;bfem} + To; lbg klg k|fy{gf ug{sf] nflu ;a} ljBfyL{ cf–cfˆgf sIffcg';f/ nfOgdf plePsf lyof} + . xfd|f] nfOgsf] cl3Nnf] k+lQmdf ;bfem} + xFl;nf] cg'xf/ nufP/ c? lzIfsx?;Fu} k|wfgfWofks

klg plePsf . d} n] w] / } a] / pxfFnfO{ x] l/ / x] + . To;kl5 d] / f] Wofg cfh s'g lzIfs cfPsf] 5} g eGg] lt/ uof] . nx/ } plePsf lzIfsx?nfO{ x] b} { hfFbf ToxfF ul0ft ljifosf lzIfssf] pkl:ylt lyPg . dgdg} d lgs} v'zL ePF . sf/ 0f s] lyof] eg] dnfO{ ul0ft ljifo ;w} + cK7\of/ f] nfUg] . ul0ft lzIfs gcfPsf] x'Fbf dgdg} cfh t ;lhnf] eof] eGb} k|fy{gf ;lsPkl5 sIffsf] 7fleq k|j] z u¥of} + .

klxnf] 306L c+u|] hL ljifo kl9;s] kl5 cfh t v] Ng kfOg] eof] eGb} sIffsf] 7f aflx/ s] lg:s] sf lyof} +, nds–nds ub} { k|wfgfWofks xfd|f] sf] 7ftkm{ kf] cfpg yfn] sf . dgn] ;f] r] ljk/ Ltsf] cj:yf l;h{gf eP/ xf] nf, To;avt d] / f] dg lgs} cflQof] , 8/ fof] / wd{/ fof] . aflx/ lg:s] sf hlt ;a} hgf xQkQ sf] 7fleq k|j] z u¥of} + . k|wfgfWofks sf] 7fdf k|j] z ubf{sf] ;dodf pxfFsf] cg'xf/ l/ ;fPsf] lyPg . pxfF s';L{df al;;s] kl5 xFl;nf] cg'xf/ nufP/ clxn] s'g ljifo k9\g] 306L xf] eg] / ;f] Wg'eof] . xfdLn] ul0ft ljifo xf] eGof} + . Tof] ;do;Dd lzIfsx?nfO{ ;/ eGg] rngsf] yfngL ePsf] lyPg . ;a} lzIfsnfO{ df8\;fj / k|wfgfWofksnfO{ x] 8df8\;fj eGg] uYof} {+ . of] ;Demgf n] Vg yfn] sf] ;dodf klg x] 8df8\;fj eg] / ;Daf] wg ubf{ plrt xf] nf eGg] 7fg] sf] 5' . clxn] klg g] qnfn cefuLnfO{ csf{] kl/ lrt ;Daf] wg df8\;fj eg] / w] / } n] lrGg] u5{g\ .

clxn] sf] 306L ul0ftsf] xf] eg] ul0ft ljifodf s'/ f u/ f} + . ;a} nfO{ dGh'/ 5 < o;f] eg] / x] 8df8\;fjn] c? lzIfseGbf km/ s tl/ sfn] xfdLnfO{ xf} ;nf lbb} ;f] w] sf] x'Fbf xfd|f] dgleq / x] sf] 8/ qmdzM x/ fpFb} hfg yfNof] . xfdLn] ;':t–;':t x] 8df8\;fjsf s'/ fnfO{ rf;f] lbP/ ;'Gg yfNof} + . pxfFn] k|Zg ;f] Wg yfNg'eof] . k|Zg o:tf] lyof] –

…s'g} Pp6f ?vdf krxQ/ j6f 9's'/ a;] sf lyP . ToxL ;dodf Pshgf JolQmn] ?vdf a;] sf r/ fnfO{ tfs] / u'n] nLn] xfg] kl5 u'n] nLsf] d6] ª\u|f nfu] / tLgj6f 9's'/ e'OFdf v;] . ca eGg'xf] ;\, ?vdf sltj6f 9's'/ afFsL ar] <Ú

xfdLn] 36fp ug{ yfNof} + . xfdLdWo] Ps hgfn] ?vdf slQ klg 9's'/ ar] gg\ eg] / hjfkm lbP . Tof] ;'g] / x] 8df8\;fjn] p;nfO{ cfkm" glhs af] nfpg' eof] . d} n] dgdg} ;f] r] +– lx;fa hfg] sf] 5' eg] / v'a} r'/ km'/ uYof{] . ca uf] bfO vfFbf 7Ls 7fpFdf cfpg] eof] . t/ ToxfF t ;f] r] eGbf a] Un} jftfj/ 0f l;h{gf eof] .

9's'/ sf] lx;fa lbg] ljBfyL{nfO{ uNtL eGof} eGg'sf] ;f6f] p;nfO{ :ofaf; kf] eGg' eof] . xfdL t cSs g aSs k¥of} + . x] 8df8\;fjn] ;f] w] sf] k|Zgsf] pQ/ ldnfpg g;s] sf xfdLnfO{ slQ klg gxKsfP/ a? ;DemfpFb} eGg'eof] – u'n] nLaf6 5'6] sf] d6] ª\u|f] sf] cfjfh ;'g] kl5 3fOt] gePsf 9's'/ x? ?vdf a:g] s'/ } ePg . To;} n] afFsL ;a} 9's'/ x? p8] / uP . ?vdf slQ klg 9's'/ ar] gg\ . of] lx;fasf] pQ/ oxL xf] . s;} n] s] xL s'/ f ;'gfpFb} 5 eg] ;a} eGbf klxn] p;sf s'/ f Wofg lbP/ ;'Gg] . To;kl5 dfq a'l4 nufP/ hjfkm lbg] ug{'k5{ . of] jf:tljstfnfO{ ;a} n] ;w} + x] Ssf / fVg'k5{ . d} n] ;'gfPsf] of] s'/ f ;a} nfO{ dGh'/ 5 x} g t < xfdL ;a} n] Ps} :j/ n] eGof} + dGh'/ 5 . Tof] ;dosf] To; lbgsf] k9fO af/ ] df clxn] olQ dfq ;Demgfdf cfPsf] 5 .

dWofGt/ sf] ;dodf ;a} 5fq5fqfn] yl/ yl/ sf 9'ª\ufsf rf/ L v] Ny] . Tof] v] nnfO{ g] qnfn cefuLn] g} x6fpg' ePsf] xf] . ljBfyL{x? Psn] csf{] nfO{ tF eg] / ;Daf] wg uy{] . pxfFn] tF x} g tkfOF eGg'k5{ eg] / lzIff lbg'ePsf] xf] . sIffsf] 7fdf ljBfyL{x?nfO{ pxfFn] tkfOF eg] / ;Daf] wg ug{'x'GYof] . ljBfyL{n] k9fOdf sdhf] / L b] vfP eg] 8fF6km6\sf/ ug{'sf] ;f6f] ;DemfP/ dfq x} g, xf} ;nf k|bfg u/ ] / l;sfpg] pxfFsf] z} nL lgs} cfsif{s lyof] . pxfF;Fu cWoog u/ ] sf ;a} ljBfyL{n] clxn]

klg ;Demgf ul/ / x] sf] x'g'k5{ eGg] d} n] 7fg] sf] 5' .

g] qnfn cefuL;Fu k'ugk'u kfFr jif{ lgoldth:t} ;+ut ug{] df} sf kfPF . of] aLrdf pxfF;Fusf clj:d/ 0fLo 36gf k|;+u w] / } 5g\ . tL dWo] s] xL n] lv;s] sf] 5' . s] xL n] Vb} 5' / s] xLnfO{ n] Vgsf] nflu kfnf] kvf{Psf] 5' . olta] nf csf{] Pp6f k|;+u pNn] v u/ ] / of] n] vsf] la6 dfg{ rfxG5'–

@)#* h] 7 @! ut] d] / f] lax] ePsf] xf] . g] qnfn cefuLsf efGhf tkfOFsf ;xkf7L a] nx/ L lgaf;L s] zj zdf{sL alxgL / fwf;Fu tkfOFsf] lax] sf] k|:tfj lnP/ cfPsf 5f} + . e"ldut ;fyLx?n] xfd|f] 3/ kl/ jf/ ;Fu / fv] sf] of] k|:tfj ;xif{ :jLsf/ ePkl5 s] zj zdf{ / d b'a} hgf a;] / lax] s'g 9+un] ug{] / hGtL slthgf cfpg] nufot ljifosf] s'/ f] 6'ª\ufPsf lyof} + .

e"ldut ;dodf g] qnfn cefuL w] / } h;f] a] nx/ Ldf a:g] ug{'x'GYof] . ;'/ Iffsf] b[li6sf] 0fn] Tof] ufpF pko'Qm dflgGYof] . Tof] 7fpFdf w] / } k6s w] / } 7"nf a} 7s;d] t cfof] hgf ul/ Psf lyP . xf] , ToxL a] nx/ L ufpFdf cfˆgL lbbLsf] 3/ df cfPsf] avt efGhf s] zjdfkm{t\ dnfO{ af] nfpg k7fpg' eof] . Tof] c;f/ sf] dlxgf lyof] . laxfgsf] vfgf vfOj/ L d a] nx/ L k'u] + . 3/ kl/ jf/ sf] xfnva/ ;f] wk'5 ug{'eof] . ufpFl5d] saf/ ] klg hfgsf/ L lng'eof] . s] xL ;dosf] cgf} krfl/ s s'/ fsfgLkl5 kf6L{ sfdsf s'/ f eP . ;+u7g lgdf{0f ;DaGwdf s'/ f eP . kf6L{ sfdsf] lhDd] jf/ L afF8kmfF8sf s'/ f eP . kf6L{sf] gLlt lgb{] zgsf] s'/ f eP . ;d;fdlos / fhgLltsf s'/ fx? eP . cGtdf pxfFn] sljtf ;'gfpg' eof] . xfd|f] e] 6df of] lgoldt k|lqmof h:t} ePsf] lyof] . of] aLrdf lbpF;f] sf] gf:tf vfof} + . d} n] Tof] ;dodf sljtf nu] sf] lyOg . pxfFn] ;dsfnLg ;flxlTos ultljlwsf af/ ] df rrf{ ug{'eof] . Tof] ;dodf e"ldut x'g'ePsf / f] dxif{ lwtfn, s] zj zdf{ / d} n] Wofgk"j{s ;'lg/ x] sf lyof} + . ;fFem kg{ yfNof] . n cfhnfO{ kf6L{ sfdsf] ;do l;l4of] . df8\;fjsf] Tof] egfOdf ca sfd ;lsof] . 3/ hfg ;Sg'x'G5 eGg] cfzo ldl;Psf] d} n] cg'ej u/ ] + .

lax] ePsf] Ps dlxgf k'Ub} lyof] . d] / f] Wofg 3/ lt/ tflgb} lyof] . olQs} df / f] dxif{ lwtfnn] eGg'eof] , …w] / } ;dokl5 e] 6 ePsf] 5 . cfh ot} a;f} + . wLtd?Gh] n enfs';f/ L u/ f} +nf .Ú lwtfnsf] of] egfOn] d cSs g aSs k/ ] + . s] egf} + / s;f] u/ f} + eGg] eof] . ToxfF d] / f] dgleq ps';d's';sf] jftfj/ 0f l;h{gf eof] . kf6L{sf] sfd ;lsof] . ca lsg a:g'k5{ eg] sf] xf] nf . sfd ;s] / slta] nf 3/ k'u'Fnf eGg] ;f] lr/ x] sf] d] / f] dg cflQg yfNof] . ToxL ;dodf df8\;fjn] cf] lwtfnhL, s] eg] sf] tkfOFn] < cfˆgf] lbg pd] / ;Demg'xf] ;\ t . kf6L{sf] sfd ;lsof] . ca c? s'/ f kl5 ub} {/ xg' xf] nf . pxfFnfO{ 3/ hfgaf6 / f] Sg'sf] s'g} sf/ 0f 5} g . xfd|f] klg s] 7] ufg Û clxn] ev{/ } oxfFaf6 lx+8\g'kg{] klg x'g;S5 . ;do kl/ l:yltnfO{ Vofn ug{'k5{ . nf} clxn] 3/ hfg' xf] ;\ . va/ kfpFbf pkl:yt x'g'xf] nf .

df8\;fjsf] of] egfO ;'g] / d t v'zLn] tLg xft plk|mpF ls h:tf] nfUof] . xtfl/ b} ;a} ;Fu labf eP/ 3/ hfg lx8] + . a] nx/ Laf6 b'Gb|f cfpg c? ;dodf kf} g] 306f nfUYof] eg] To;lbg cfwf 306f klg gnufP/ d 3/ cfOk'u] + .

cfb/ 0fLo kf7s ju{ Û of] ;+:d/ 0f n] lv/ xFbf df8\;fjn] eg] sf tL s'/ f lxhf] dfq eg] sf] h:tf] nfU5 . t/ jif{sf] lx;fa ul/ NofpFbf k} lt; jif{ k'lu;s] 5 . jt{dfg ;dodf g] t[Tjdf k'u] sfx?dWo] slt hgfn] sfo{stf{sf] dgf] efj a'em] sf xf] nfg\ < dgdg} ub} { cfPsf] of] k|Zg cfhsf] lbgdf kf7sx?;dIf / fVg rfxG5' .

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uf} td a'4 hGdsf] of] b] zdf xfdL pbfx/ 0f eP/ cGonfO{ b] vfpg'kg] { xf] . b'ef{Uojz xfdL Ps csf{sf] cl:tTj

:jLsfg{ ;ls/ x] sf 5} gf} + .

3f] / fxL, & h] 7 -o';_ . nLnfuDeL/ yf?åf/ f lnlvt …ofqf– kbfy{b] lv k/ dfTdf;Dd k':tssf] ljdf] rg ul/ Psf] 5 . z'qmaf/ / fKtL ;flxTo kl/ ifb\n] Ps sfo{qmd cfof] hgf u/ L pQm k':tssf] ljdf] rg u/ ] sf] xf] .

kl/ ifb\sf cWoIf k'?iff] Qd vgfnsf] cWoIftfdf ePsf] sfo{qmddf k':tssf] ljdf] rg k|d'v cltly kl/ ifb\sf ;+:yfks Pj+ jl/ i7 ;flxTosf/ gf/ fo0fk|;fb zdf{, ljlzi6

cltly jl/ i7 ;flxTosf/ lul/ / fh zdf{ / pQds[i0f dhu} ofFn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] . ladf] lrt k':tssf] ;dLIff xl/ s[i0f 1jfnLn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] eg] l6Kk0fL afnf/ fd 1jfnLn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

sfo{qmddf czf] s yf?, gf/ fo0f g] kfnnufotn] af] Ng'ePsf] lyof] eg] ;xhLs/ 0f kl/ ifb\ bfª zfvfsf ;lrj bLks zdf{ …;dL/ Ún] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

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cj/ f] xsf t/ +ux? g} sljtfsf d"n efj x'g\ .

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k|sfzgsf] z'?jft lj=;+= !*@% ;fndf k|sflzt ;'jfgGb bf;sf] …k[YjLgf/ fo0f zfxÚ zLif{ssf] sljtfnfO{ klxnf] cf} krfl/ s sljtf dflgG5 . To;kl5sf] b'O{ ;o $& jif{df

ljleGg cf/ f] x–cj/ f] xx? kf/ ub} { cfˆgf ax'cfolds z} nL;lxt lqmofzLn klg 5 . t/ , yf¿ efiff ;flxTodf cf} krfl/ s sljtf n] vgsf] eg] clxn] ;Dd tYo hfgsf/ L aflx/ cfPsf] 5} g . o;/ L o; cfn] vdfkm{t\ oxL cg'Ql/ t lh1f;fnfO{ yf] / } ePklg hfgsf/ L u/ fpg] sf] l;; ul/ g] 5 .

k[i7e"ld Myf¿ efiffn] Oltxf;sf] nfdf] sfnv08b] lv

g} nf] s;flxTosf] cfˆg} df} lnstf / ljlzi6tf af] Sb} cfPsf] 5 . t/ 5fkf ;flxTonfO{ x] g] { xf] ] eg] ev{/ 5 bzs dfq k"/ f u/ ] sf] 5 . @))( ;fndf k|sflzt a9jf yf¿sf] …a9Ss hf] gL{Ú yf¿ efiffsf] klxnf] k|sflzt dflgG5 . To;kl5 @)!% ;fndf hLj/ fh cfrfo{sf] …xd| j, xdf/ jGjfÚ sljtf ;+u|x k|sflzt eof] . k'l:tsfsf] cfsf/ df k|sflzt oxL ;+u|xdf k|sflzt sljtf g} klxnf] sljtf dfGg ;lsG5 .

o;} u/ L yf¿ efiffsf] klxnf] sljtf ;+u|xsf] klg olsg x'g ;s] sf] 5} g . s[i0f/ fh ;j{xf/ Lsf] ;+sngnfO{ cfwf/ dfGg] xf] eg] @)$% ;fndf k|sflzt x[bogf/ fo0f rf} w/ Lsf] …d] xdfgÚ yf¿ efiffsf] klxnf] sljtf ;+u|x xf] . t/ ;j{xf/ Ln] g} d] xdfg sljtf ;+u|xs} bf] ;|f] ;+:s/ 0fsf] cfˆgf] e"ldsfdf …yf¿ efiffs] b':/ f sljtf ;+u|xÚ eg] sf 5g\ . e"ldsfdf klxnf] ;+u|x s'g xf] eg] / eg] v'nfPsf 5} gg\ . d] xdfg sljtf ;+u|xsf] bf] ;|f] ;+:s/ 0f @)&) ;fndf ePsf] 5 . slj x[bogf/ fo0f rf} w/ Lsf d] xdfg afx] s …rt'/ +uL km"nÚ -@)%^_ sljtf ;+u|x / …k|eft / f] zgLÚ -@)%(_ n3' v08sfJo k|sflzt 5 . rt'/ +uL km"n sljtf klZrdL, dWo, k"jL{ / dWo klZrdL efiffdf k|sflzt sljtf ;+u|x xf] .

l;of/ fd rf} w/ Lsf] …kf] x kmfO6 u} n] Ú -@)$&_ / …xd/ ufd xd/ a:tLÚ -@)%)_ sljtf ;+u|x k|sflzt 5 . ;+VofTds ¿kn] yf] / } qmdz !( / !* j6f sljtf ;dflji6 l;of/ fdsf sljtf n] vgz} nL tyf efjkIf x] bf{ cAan bhf{sf 5g\ . o;} u/ L s} nfnLsf / ] zdnfn rf} w/ Ln] cfˆgf] klxnf] k':tsfsf/ s[lt …Psyf] la/ xLg syfÚ -@)%#_ sljtf ;+u|x k|sfzg eof] . dw';'bg rf} w/ Lsf] …dw'Ú -@)%%_ sljtf ;+u|xdf s] xL afn sljtf klg e] l6G5 .

sljloqL zflGt rf} w/ L yf¿sf] a] 6L -@)%$_, …ufFjs] klxrfgÚ -@)%%_ nufot bh{gf} sljtf ;+u|xsf k':ts k|sflzt 5g\ . t/ k|foM ;+u|xdf *÷!) j6f sljtf;Fu} n] v lgaGw, k':ts klqsfsf ;dfrf/ sl6ª ;dfj] z ul/ Psf] n] laz'4 yf¿ sljtf ;+u|xsf] s[lt dflggnfos 5} gg\ . sljtf ;+u|xsf cGo s[ltdf slj/ fd yf¿sf] ;} xbfg -@)%@_ dfgaxfb'/ rf} w/ L kGgfsf] 9's9'sL -@)%&_, afnuf] laGb rf} w/ L / ;'dg rf} w/ Lsf] a} zfn' hf] jg -@)%&_ xf] . 9's9'sL / a} +zfn' hf] jgdf d'Qms klg ;dfj] z ul/ Psf 5g\ .

To:t} cGo sljtf s[ltdf dlg/ fd rf} w/ Lsf] …lxdfns] d':sfgÚ -@)%*_ k|] d/ fh rf} w/ Lsf] …sxt'F d} +Ú -@)^)_, ;'/ ] z rf} w/ Lsf] …t'lxgÚ -@)^!_, hLtaxfb'/ rf} w/ L …6«f;gÚsf] oL hLts] x6n sljtf -sljtf ;+u|x @)^!_, ch{'g blxtsf] …kl/ roÚ -@)^@_, k|] dnfn blxtsf] …6'6n emf] k|LÚ -@)^@_, / fdaxfb'/ avl/ ofsf] …d'6's w8\sgÚ -@)^@_ xf] . oL ;a} sljtf

;+u|xdf k|] d k|0fosf avfg ul/ Psf 5g\ . oL sljtfx? ;+/ rgf tyf efj ufDeLo{tfsf] lx;fjdf sdhf] / b] lvG5g\ . ;Gt/ fd wf/ s6'jf yf¿sf] …l56sn efjgfÚ -@)^@_ sljtf ;+u|x eg] xfn;Dd k|sflzt cAan bhf{sf] sljtf s[lt xf] . pgsf sljtf ljifoj:t', efj, z} nL / snfsf} zntf Wofg k'u] sf] b] lvG5 . / pgsf] of] s[ltn] g} pgnfO{ ;kmn slj agfPsf] 5 . Pd 6] +/ f{sf] km"nf -@)^#_ sljtf ;+u|x yf¿, / fgf yf¿ / g] kfnL tLg j6f efiffdf k|sflzt 5 . s} nfnLsf / fdnvg rf} w/ Lsf] 5ndNsL -sljtf ;+u|x @)^%_, / fdnvg rf} w/ L, dgaxfb'/ rf} w/ Lsf] ljZj zflGt -sljtf ;+u|x @)^&_, yf¿ efiffsf] ;fdlos ;+sngsf ¿kdf lgl:sPsf cGo sljtf s[ltdf x[bogf/ fo0f rf} w/ Lsf] ;Dkfbgdf k|sflzt …a/ vfÚ -@)%(_, …Ohf] tÚ -@)%#_, d+un rf} w/ Lsf] …kx'/ fÚ -@)$(_ cflb x'g\ . g] kfn k|1f k|lti7fgsf] tLg dlxg] sljtf klqsfsf s] xL c+sdf ax'eflifs sljtf uf] i7Ldf jfrg ul/ Psf s] xL yf¿ sljtfn] 7fpF kfPsf 5g\ . To:t} , gj sljtf -@)%^, k"0ff{+s $(_ sf] km"naf/ L laz] iff+s, OGb|] 0fL ;flxlTos kl/ jf/ b] pv'/ Låf/ f k|sflzt ax'eflifs OGb|] 0fL q} dfl;s -@)%( c+s–!_, k|] dnfn blxtsf] 6'6n emf] k8L -sljtf ;+u|x @)^!_, afk;] k't 1fgL kmfF8fn] aemfO kfgL

-sljtf ;+u|x @)^@_, >L/ fd rf} w/ Lsf] lr6\lsg -@)^$_ / fKtL ;flxTo kl/ ifb\ cGtWj{lg q} dfl;s -@)^^_, alb{ofsf df] tLnfn rf} w/ Lsf] ;u'gnfn :d[lt -@)^^_ k"0ff{+s @#_ sf] / fKtLsf efiff ljz] iffÍ, b] pv'/ L ;flxTo tyf ;f+:s[lts d~rsf] d'v–kq :tDe -@)^& c+s–!_ sf] ax'eflifs laz] iffª\sdf klg s] xL yf¿ sljtf ;d] l6Psf] 5 . To;} u/ L hLjnfn ;tuf} jfFsf] hLjnfns] km'nl/ of -@)^&_ / jL/ axfb'/ rf} w/ Lsf] jL/ axfb'/ s] Ct' -@)^(_df klg s] xL sljtfx? ;dfj] z ul/ Psf 5g\ . nSsL rf} w/ Lsf] g] Gw/ -sljtf ;+u|x @)&!_, zflGt rf} w/ Lsf s[ltnfO{ ckjfb 5f8] / xfn;Dd c9fO bh{g hlt sljtf ;+u|x dfq k|sflzt b] lvG5 . ;'zLn rf} w/ Lsf] la/ x'n al;of @)&@_ k|sflzt 5 . g] kfnL / yf¿ efiffdf k|sflzt of] sljtf ;+u|xdf b] zk|] d, snf;+:s[lt, dfgjclwsf/ nufotsf ljifoj:t' k|d'vtfsf ;fy / x] sf5g\ . o;df ;+u|lxt w] / } sljtfx? pTs[i6 / k|ultzLn vfnsf 5g\ . t/ , efjfg'jfb ubf{ s] xL sljtfx?df efjfGt/ ePsf] kfOG5 .

v08sfJo M ?kGb] xLsf adaxfb'/ yf¿sf] …O{ lhGuLÚ -@)%%_ v08sfJo yf¿ efiffsf] klxnf] v08sfJo xf] . adaxfb'/ sf] o; v08sfJodf yf¿ df} lns zAbsf] e08f/ 5 . o; s[ltdf yf¿ efiffsf cToGt k|frLg / 7] 6 zAbx¿sf] k|of] u ePsf] 5 . @)^! df dfgaxfb'/ rf} w/ L kGgfsf] …ls;fgs] lhGbuL Ú v08sfJo k|sflzt 5 . s} nfnLsL zld{nf rf} w/ L …;[li6Ún] dgs] km"nf -@)^@_ v08sfJodfkm{t\ gf/ L dgsf ;dj] bgf k:s] sL l5g\ . pgsf] klxnf] uxlsnf] jhgbf/ s[ltn] x'g] lj¿jfsf] lrNnf] kftsf] pbfx/ 0f lbPsf] 5 .

dxfsfJo M krf;sf] bzsdf hf] vg / Tu} ofn] …e'TjfÚ dxfsfJo n] v] klg o;sf] kf08'lnlk ckof{Kt 5 . x[bogf/ fo0f rf} w/ Ln] a'4sf] hLjgLdf cfwfl/ t …nlnt la:t/ Ú @)^*_ dxfsfJosf] yf¿df cg'jfb u/ ] sf 5g\ . x[bogf/ fo0f rf} w/ Lsf] csf] { dxfsfJo aGxg klg

k|sflzt 5 . d'Sts M dfgaxfb'/ kGgf, afnuf] ljGb÷;'dg

rf} w/ Lnufot s] xLn] sljtf ;+u|xleq} d'Sts klg ;dfj] z u/ ] sf 5g\ . 5'§} d'Qmssf] dfq} ;+u|x / x] sf] yf¿ efiffsf] klxnf] d'Qms ;+u|x eg] s[i0f/ fh ;j{xf/ Lsf] …bf] ;/ 3/ hfO{a] / Ú -@)%^_ xf] . s} nfnLsf ;|i6fx? l6sf/ fd rf} w/ Lsf] cfu|x -@)^#_ tyf ;fu/ s'ZdL ;+utsf] cfFzs] ;fu/ -@)^(_, ;'Gb/ rf} w/ Lsf] k|s[lts] cg'/ fu -d'Qms ;+u|x–@)&)_, bfª b] pv'/ Lsf 5ljnfn sf] lknf, u'?k|;fb s'dfn …a'na'nÚ / / fdk|sfz rf} w/ L …cGwsf/ Ú sf] g] kfnL / yf¿ efiffdf ;+o'Qm d'Qms ;+u|x …;dosf 8f] ax?Ú -@)&!_ k|sflzt 5 . lx/ fnfn ;Tuf} jfFsf] k} g:6f] kL -d'Sts ;+u|x @)&!_, ljleGg slj uf] i7L, / ] l8of] sfo{qmd cyjf 5fkf ;~rf/ dfWodx?df ^)–&) bzsnfO{ …d'Qms–uhnÚ bzs eGg ;lsg] cj:yf eP klg ;+u|xsf] ?kdf eg] sd} k|sflzt b] lvG5 . km'6s/ ?kdf eg] o;} sf] ar{Zj / x] sf] 5 .

xfOs' tyf tfGsf M yf¿ ;flxTodf xfOs' tyf tfGsf lawfn] vf;} k|efj hdfpg ;s] g . cf+lzs ?kdf s] xL kqklqsf afx] s ;flxlTos sfo{qmddf ;d] t jfrg ul/ Psf] ] b] lvb} g . s[i0f/ fh ;j{xf/ Ln] @)%( ;fndf yf¿ / g] kfnL b'a} efiffdf …;dosf pR5af;x¿Ú xfOs' ;+u|x

n3' cfsf/ df k|sflzt u/ ] . h'g yf¿ efiffsf] klxnf] xfOs' ;+u|xsf] ?kdf klxrfg agfpg ;kmn eof] . To;} u/ L t'nf/ fd rf} w/ L …;gdÚsf] …t'lxg pkxf/ Ú -@)^!_ / 5lknfn rf} w/ Lsf] cf] hl/ of / ftd -@)^#_ xjfO{ xfOs' ;+u|x k|sflzt 5 . To;kl5 clxn] ;Dd s'g} xfOs' ;+u|lxt ?kdf cfpg ;s] sf 5} gg\ . lbk nfOkm lso/ n] uf] hL cfsf/ df …t'Fxf/ nu km"nfÚ -@)^#_ gfds yf¿df gf} nf] ljwf tfGsf ;+u|x k:s] sf 5g\\ .

uhn M yf¿ ;flxTodf uhn ljwf ;+VofTds lx;fan] ;a} eGbf k|sflzt ljwf xf] . yf¿ efiffsf] klxnf] uhn ;+u|x hf] vg / Tu} +ofsf] …rf] / fOn dgÚ -@)%&_ xf] . To:t} , cGo uhn ;+u|xdf e'jg rf} w/ Lsf] …cf5tÚ -@)^!_, nSsL rf} w/ Lsf] …;xLbfgÚ -@)^!_, 5ljnfn sf] lknfsf] …ef} u/ Ú -@)^!_ x'g\ . ef} u/ g] kfnL / yf¿ efiff b'a} efiffdf 5 . sf] lknfsf] yf¿ afnuhn ;+u|x slxn] km"N5 pm -@)^#_ klg g] kfnL / yf¿ efiff b'a} efiffdf 5 . nSsL rf} w/ L cGtef{j -uhn ;+u|x @)^#_ cGtef{j klg g] kfnL / yf¿ efiff b'a} efiffdf k|sflzt 5 . u'jf{jf k|sfzg k|flnsf] cu|f;g dfl;sn] -@)^@ k"0ff{+s &_ nfO{ uhn laz] iff+ssf] ¿kdf …s} xb] pm u'jf{jf ;+u|xÚ elg k|sflzt u/ ] sf] 5 . yf¿ efiff tyf ;flxTo pTyfg ;d'xsf] nfjf nf} emL q} dfl;s -@)^% c+s–$_ uhn laz] iffª\sdf @( hgf uhnsf/ sf uhnx? ;d] l6Psf 5g\ . nfx'/ fd rf} w/ L …hx/ Úsf] km'nl/ of -uhn ;+u|x @)^^_, x:tfIf/ -uhn ;+u|x @)^*_, km'6n kf] qmL -uhn ;+u|x @)^*_, v'zL/ fd pd+u rf} w/ Lsf] ljlIfKt d'6' -@)^(_ uhn ;+u|xsf] %@ yfg uhndf !@ yfg dfq yf¿ efiffdf 5g\ . df] tL/ fd rf} w/ L …/ TgÚ sf] dgs] af] emf -@)&)_, / fdr/ 0f rf} w/ L …Psn ofqLÚsf] df] / 6'6n emf] k/ L -@)&)_, rGb|k|;fb rf} w/ Lsf] uhn dfnf -uhn ;+u|x @)&)_, s~rgk'/ sf czf] s rf} w/ Lsf] dgs] cfjfh -uhn ;+u|x–@)&)_ lhNnfut b[li6sf] 0fn] ;DejtM

pgsf] of] ;+u|x g} s~rgk'/ af6 k|sflzt x'g] yf¿ efiffsf] s[lt dWo] klxnf] xf] , / ljgf rf} w/ L / Aa'sf] cf] +/ L -@)&!_ cf] +/ L ;+u|xnfO{ yf¿ dlxnf uhnsf/ åf/ f lnlvt klxnf] k|sflzt s[lt dflgPsf] 5 . h+u|f/ ;flxlTos av] / L g] kfnu~hsf] k|sfzg / x] sf] l8pnL -@)&!_, h+u|f/ s} d'DafO{ zfvfsf] h] pgf; @)&!_, 7'd|f/ ;flxlTos >[+vnf sf7df8f} +sf] klxnf] k|sfzg k/ uf -@)&@_ df klg ljleGg >+[vnfdf jfrg ul/ Psf uhnx? ;+o'Qm ?kdf k|sflzt ePsf] 5 . h+u|f/ sf] dn] lzof zfvfsf] ;+o'Qm uhn ;+u|x k:gs kGXjfF -@)&@_, ;Ltf yf¿ …lgZ5nÚsf] k/ uf] XgL -@)&@_, k'gf/ fd sof{al/ Ssfsf] cFVjf -@)&@_, uhn ;+u|x k|sflzt 5 .

To;f] t ljleGg klqsfx?df klg yf? efiffsf sljtfn] :yfg kfPsf 5g\ . sf7df8f} +sf] laxfg, bfª b] pv'/ Lsf] nfjf 8Uu/ q} dfl;s, nf} j cu|f;g ;fKtflxs / s} nfnLsf] kx'/ f b} lgs / xrf{nL q} dfl;s nufotdf kqklqsfx?df kfOG5 .

lg/ Gt/ tfsf] cefj Mdfly plNnlvt ljleGg sfJo ljwfdf

k|sflzt s[ltnfO{ x] g] { xf] eg] yf¿efifL slj cyjf n] vsx?df lg/ Gt/ tfsf] cefj b] lvG5 . clwsf+z sljx? Psfw sljtf cyjf s[lt k|sfzgkl5 knfog x'g] u/ ] sf] kfOG5 . l;of/ fd rf} w/ Lsf @)$& / @)%) ;fndf u/ L b'O{ j6f sljtf ;+u|xx? k|sflzt eP klg To;kl5sf lbgdf pgsf] s'g} s[lt cyjf n] vgsf] lx;fadf klg b] vf k/ ] gg\ . s} nfnLsL zld{nf >[li6sf] bzf klg pxL xf] . pgsf] @)^@ ;fndf sljtf / @)^@ ;fndf pkGof; k|sflzt eof] . pgsf b'a} s[lt cGosf] t'ngfdf cAan bhf{sf 5g\ . clxn] ;Dd yf¿ gf/ L ;|i6fdf pgsf :t/ df n] Vg ;Sg] x} l;ot ePsf cf} +nfdf uGg ;lsg] cj:yf 5 . t/ , pkGof; k|sfzg kl5 pgL slxNo} b] vf k/ ] gg\ . o;} u/ L km'6s/ ?kdf pTs[i6 sljtf n] Vg] x} l;otsf yf¿ efiffdf w] / } ;+Vofdf e] l6P klg Psfw sljtfkl5 x/ fpg] u5{g\ . o;n] n] vsx?sf n] vgdf kl/ kSjtf / :t/ Lotfdf ;d] t k|efj kfb{5 .

ljifoj:t' / k|j[lQ Msljtf, yf¿ efiff ;flxTodf df} lns

ljwf geP klg g] kfnL ;dsfnLg ;flxTosf] Ps c+u xf] . To;sf/ 0f g] kfnL sljtf ljwfs} ;d;dflos laz] iftf g} yf¿ efiffsf sljtfdf klg / x] sf 5g\ . k|frLg dfgj ;Eotfn] ef] lu/ x] sf] cf/ f] x cj/ f] xsf t/ +ux? g} sljtfsf d"n efj x'g\ . To;} u/ L ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts, cfly{s, / fhgLlts k|efj klg o;sf ljifoj:t' x'g\ . ;dfhdf b] lvPsf JofKt cfly{s c;dfgtf, lje] b, k|x/ L k|zf;gsf] HofbtL, bdg, xTof, cft+s, bf;tfdf lklN;Psf sd} ofF, sdn/ Lsf] b'Mv–kL8f, g} lts ;xfg'e"lt, ;+j] bgf, / fli6«otf, b] zk|] d, k|] dk|0fosf ljifox?nfO{ lrq0f ub} { ;dfgtf, cfqmf] z, ljb|f] x, / fHok|ltsf] c;Gt'li6, ;dfh ;'wf/ , hgr] tgf, d'lQmsf] vf] h, k|fs[lts ;'Gb/ tfsf ;fy} cfzf / lg/ fzf sljtfx?df b] lvPsf k|j[lQx? x'g\ .

pk;+xf/ Myf¿ ;d'bfo nf] s;flxTosf] nflu wgL

dflgG5 . g] kfnL ;flxTosf] k|efj;Fu} sljtfn] yf¿ ;flxTodf k|j] z kfPsf] 5 / clxn] df} lns klg eO;s] sf] 5 . sljtf cGo ljwfeGbf k[ys tyf efj k|wfg x'G5 . To;sf/ 0f laDa, k|tLs / snfTdstf rflxG5 . clxn] ;Ddsf k|sflzt clwsf+z yf¿ efiffsf sljtfx? x] g] { xf] eg] efjut tyf ;} 4flGts ?kdf sdhf] / b] lvG5g\ . sljtf n] Vgsf nflu ;fwgf rflxG5 . o;sf nflu l;4fGt / ;fwgf ckl/ xfo{ x'G5 .

)))

Pslbgr/fh:t} pl8/x]5g\ /ªx¿uf]w'nL ;fFem ;f]lr/x]5ef]lnsf] laxfgeG5g\– b'Mvsf] ;f/ËL /]6\g' /, ;'v e]6\g' Pslbg;kgfsf] kxf8 r9]/ h"gsL/Ln] emfg{]5 h"gh"gs} rds af]s]/dgsf] bxe/Lkf}8g]5g\u'/fF;h:tf cfFvfx¿kl;gfsf] em/gfn]rNg]5 d':sfgsf] 3§kZrftfk ub{}o'4n] cfTd;dk{0f ug{]5kfOtnfn] ;Dofpg]5sfnf] kxf8cfFvfdf x/fpg]5lgif]wsf] hËncËfnf]d} cfsfz c6fpg]5gfgLx¿pHofnf] af]s]/kf7zfnf lx+8\g]5g\/, ;Demgfsf] leQfel//x/sf OG›]0fL sf]g{]5g\;kgfsf ;'uGw eg{]5g\uf]w'nL ;fFem;f]lr/x]5ef]lnsf] laxfgr/fh:t} pl8/x]5g\ /ªx¿ .)))

r/fx?;fFem ;a]/} ;'Tg' laxfg ;a]/} p7g' of] lgod s]jn r/fx?sf] hLjgdf dfq nfu" x'Fbf]/x]5

;fgfdf cfdfn] eg]sf] yf]/yf]/} ofb cfpF5 leq};Dd 3fd l5bf{ ;'Tg]–x]/ t o;sf] a'l4 ;fFRr} cfFvf ldRb}–ldRb} p7\bf uf}ynLsf hf]Okf]O aGb} u/]sf] 3/dfPs;n uf/f] nufO;s]sf x'Gy]9's'/sf nf]Ug]–:jf:gL aGb} u/]sf] u'F8df s]xL yfg lemFhf ylk;s]sf x'Gy] ev{/} ne k/] klg k/]jfsf] bDklQlbgsf] hf]x u/L kf/L 6f/Lv]taf6 kmls{;s]sf x'Gy]

cfdf s/];fsf ?vx? b]vfpFb} eGg'x'GYof] x]/ t r/fx?n] ;dosf] cfnfd{ ahfPsf] dfly cfsfz b]vfpFb} eGg'x'GYof] cfFvf vf]n]/ x]/ t– r/fx?n] dlg{ªjfs u/]sf]h;n] h] u/] klg ;'Tg'sf] dhf t cflv/ ;'Tg'd} ePkl5km'6s]nf] v;fn]/ clg u/fnf] nufP/ ;'t]sf]– yf]/yf]/} ofb cfpF5

d}n] d]/L cfdf cfdfsf] s/];fsf r/fx?nfO{ ufpF 5f8L zx/ cfPsf] klg w]/} jif{ eO;s]5

b]Vg t– laxfg lk;fa km]g{ lg:sFbfw]/} lbgb]lv b]lv/x]sf] x'F– r/fx? dlg{ªjfs u/]sf];'Gg t– w]/} lbgb]lv ;'lg/x]sf] x'F r/fx?n] ;dosf] cnfd{ ahfPsf] lr;lr;f] d'6' ;]sfpg pgL dlt/d pgLlt/} sf]N6] km]b{} ;'Tg'sf] dhf–;'Tg'd} ePkl5r/fx?n] cnfd{ ahfP/ kf] sf] p7g'

lr;lr;f] d'6' ;]sfpFbf ;]sfpFb} k|]dsf] u'F8 nufpFbf nufpFb} wf/fdf kfgL cfP5– uP5 b"w lnP/ cfpg] b'wjfnf cfP5– uP5 l56\jfdf t/sf/L lnP/ cfpg] lbbL cfOl5g\ uOl5g\ glhs} as}gfsf] ?vaf6 r/fx?n] cnfd{ ahfPkl5 em;ª\u AoF"embf kf] yfxf eof] oL s'/f

cflv/ ToxL eP/ t yfxf eof]– dfG5]n] eGbf ;dosf] cnfd{ nufpg r/fx?n] kf] hfGbf /x]5g\ .)))

k"0f{ ;dL/ dxtf/f

b'O{ d'Qmsb'lgofFsf] cefj / j:t'sf] cfk"lt{ dfu]/ sxfF x'G5hLjg ;+u|fd xf] dlGb/ dl:hb efs]/ sxfF x'G5htf;'s} phf8 p/f7 e]l6G5g\ cr]n lhhLljiff;d:ofsf] xn yfKnf]df xft /fv]/ sxfF x'G5 .

;dol;t ;do lyPg dl;t ;do lyof] dfG5] x'g'sf] cg'df]bg clnslt oxL kl/ro lyof]cfFvfdf Kof; / xTs]nfdf d'6' af]s]/ oltGh]ndnfO{ hGdg'sf] kL8faf]w g dg{'sf] eo lyof] .

5ljnfn sf]lknf

rf8kj{sf] ;do . ;a} lt/ cf} sft cg';f/ sf] / demd . 7"N7"nf cfjfhdf uLt alh/ x] sf 5g\ rf} tkmL{ . / demdsf] pNnf;df ;a} kL8fnfO{ lyr] / c?sf] xif{df agfj6L xfF;f] ld;fpFb} 8Dd/ ]

3/ d} al;/ x] sf] lyof] . …sfnfkf/ Ú uPsf pgsf a'jf sdfO{ lau|] sfn] ltxf/ dfGg 3/ gkmls{g] s'/ fn] ;Kk} kl/ jf/ b'MvL lyP .

…of] b\jf/ df t xhf/ L km"nsf] dfnf lng' x} a} gL <Ú

cfly{s l:ylt h] ;'s} xf] ;\ t/ klg ltxf/ sf] dxTjnfO{ e8\lsnf] agfpg] x?b] lv cflht 8Dd/ ] k/ Dk/ fut ;+:sf/ sf] kIfdf pleG5 .

cfw'lgstfsf] gfddf Knfli6ssf km"nn] ;x/ dfq} xf] Og l;+uf] ufpF g} vfO;s] sf] 5 .

:s'n hfFb} ar] sf] s] xL ;dodf 9\of/ L dhb'/ L u/ ] / sdfPsf] rf/ ÷kfFr ;o ?k} ofFn] h] gt] g ;fgf] v'zL afF8\g] of] hgf 8Dd/ ] df aG5 . 7"n} afWotfsf] cufl8 p;n] gtditstf k] z ug'{sf] ljsNk lyPg .

ltxf/ ;'? eof] . ufpFsf t?gL tGg] / Lx? lbg} lkR5] yl/ –yl/ sf sk8f km] b} { / dfpg yfn] . 8Dd/ ] sf ;fyLx? ;'dg, ;] t] , anaL/ ;a} n] p;nfO{ a] jf:tf ug{ yfn] . e} nf] sf] lglDt ljleGg gfgfefFtLsf ;d"xx? tof/ eP, cfdf ;d"x, ;fF:s[lts ;d"x, afn ;d"x o:t} –o:t} . t/ 8Dd/ ] nfO{ s;} n] af] nfPgg\ .

dx+uLsf] ;do . hfaf] rf/ ÷kfFr ;o ?k} ofFn] s] –s] kf] lsGg] < clg x'n afFw] / cfpg] b] p;L e} nf] x?nfO{ s;/ L k7fpg] < 8Dd/ ] lrGtfdf k¥of] .

ufpFsf dfq} geP/ ufpF aflx/ sf 6f] nLx?

klg o;kfln lgs} b] lvg yfn] e} nf] sf] nflu . sf] xL ljleGg ;fp08 l;:6dsf] k|of] u u/ ] / gfRy] , sf] xL :yfgLo nf] safhfsf] ;xfotfn] gfRy] . sf] xL cfFugdf kmgkmgL 3'Dy] dfq . e} n] gLx?n] blIf0ff 6f] s] / dfUy] . kfFr ;ob] lv dfly . 8/ } b] vfpFy] . w] / } lbg] nfO{ / ] l8of] df gfd km'sfOlbg] / ] . klqsfdf 5fkfOlbg] / ] . yf] / } gfRy] t/ w] / } efif0f 5fFt] / hfGy] .

;'?sf 6f] nLx?nfO{ h;f] t;f] labfO ub} { lyof] 8Dd/ ] . t/ la:tf/ } cfkm";Fu ePsf] ;a} k} ;f ;lsof] . sltnfO{ t 6Lsf nufpg cfPsL a} gLn] labfO lbOg\ . yf] / } k} ;f lbof] eg] / dg cldnf] agfP klg klxn] sf 6f] nLn] t kfP t/ afFsL cfpg] n] < 8Dd/ ] n] ltxf/ v'zL afF8\g] kj{ xf] Og ul/ asf] nflu b'Mv yKg] kj{ ePsf] l5ge/ d} ;f] Rof] . e} nf] 6Ldx?n] k} ;f sd lbof] eg] / 8Dd/ ] n] ;'Gg] u/ ] / g} ufnL u/ L u/ L e6\ofpFy] . r'krfk 8Dd/ ] s] xL ug{ ;s] g, ;'lg/ Xof] dfq .

kj{ ;lsof] . ufpFdf e} nf] 6Ldx?n] s;} n] k} ;f afF8] / vfP, s;} n] ef] h et] / u/ ] / ltxf/ nfO{ labfO u/ ] . t/ 8Dd/ ] nfO{ ltxf/ n] g/ fd|/ L lyRof] . bfg blIf0ff t cfkm" v'zL x'g'kg] { t/ 6f] s] / dfUg] x?n] p;nfO{ kj{b] lv g} cflht agfP . Hofnfbf/ L u/ ] / sdfPsf] rf/ ÷kfFr ;o ?k} ofF klg 6f] sL–6f] sL e} nf] ;d"xx?n] l/ Qf] agfOlbP .

8Dd/ ] IftljIft eof] . ;fFRr} of] avt k} ;} 7"nf] nfUof] 8Dd/ ] nfO{ . ;f] Rof] ;fob k} ;f w] / } eOlbPsf] eP ;a} e} n] gLnfO{ v'zL agfpg ;lsGYof] . ufpFn] ;fyLx?;Fu s'd hf] 8] / gflrGYof] . t/ pkm\ Û ul/ asf] ltxf/ . ;f] Rbf ;f] Rb} uNg yfNof] 8Dd/ ] .

s] xL lbgkl5 a'jfnfO{ kmf] g u¥of] . 3/ sf] ;a} s'/ f ;'gfof] . kmf] gd} afa'5f] / f a] :;/ L / f] P . clg cGttM 5f] / f klg sfnfkf/ -d'Unfg_ k} ;f sdfpg hfg] lg0f{odf k'Uof] 3/ kl/ jf/ , k9fO ;a} nfO{ r6Ss} dfof df/ ] / ====.)

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r:df cln dflylt/ prfnL cfFvfsf] r] kaf6 v:g} cfF6] sf cfF;'sf b'O{ yf] kf wf] tLsf] ;Ksf] n] k'5\b} vgfNgL af] On] elgg\, …tF oxL a;\, d gfltsf] kmf] 6f] lnP/ cfpF5' .Ú

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pgsf] 5f] / fnfO{ d} n] lrlGbgF g t pgnfO{ g} lrG5' . d} n] pgnfO{ x] l/ / x] + . pgn] d] / f] glhs} cfP/ elgg\, …a6f} nL ahf/ df 7"nf] a] kf/ u/ ] / a:rg\, slxn] sfxL+ hGd lbg] cfdfnfO{ e] 6\g cfP lg x'GYof] , afa'n] va/ k'¥ofOlbG5f} ls <Ú

d} n] glhs} a:g cg'/ f] w u/ ] + . xfjfn] v;] sf 306L km"n kG5fpFb} af] O al;g\, …km"n t eujfgnfO{ r9fpg] xf] , s'Rg' / r] Kg' kfk xf] .Ú olt eGb} jl/ kl/ ePsf b'O{–rf/ km"n klg kG5fOg\ .

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af] OnfO{ cfZjf;g lbPF . af] Osf] cg'xf/ df rds cfof] . rf} aGbL rf] nf] sf] ;fgf] uf] hLaf6 gl/ jnsf] 6'qmf lbb} elgg\, …/ d] zs'df/ kf} 8] n . c7\tL; ;fn] hGd xf] . gb] Vof tLg aif{ ef] afa' . h'Ëf kfNof 5 / ] . pm a] nf t ;a} kmfNYof] .Ú

af] On] lbPsf] gl/ jn 6f] Sb} eg] +, …5f] / f] Pp6f dfq xf] <Ú

…;Gtfg} TolQ xf] , Aof gubf{;Dd d] / f] lyof] . Aof u/ ] ;L t a'xf/ Lsf] e} uf] . p;sf af eujfgsf] Kof/ f] eP;L a'xf/ L;Fu a:g ;lsgF, ot} gfd|f] nfU5 ca t .Ú

af] On] olQ eg] / cf] 7 n/ a/ kfg{ yflng\ . rfpl/ Psf ufnf, cfFvf lgrf] bf{ emg} rfpl/ P . cfFvf lgrf] bf{ lgl:sPsf] cfF;' b] vfpFb} elgg\, …of] cfF;'n] kf] N5 To;nfO{ t/ d To;f] gxf] ;\ . ldN5 eg] aif{df Ps} lbg p;sf] cg'xf/ x] g{ kfpF, va/ ulb{P x} .Ú

ckl/ lrt af] On] kL8f ;'gfpFb} ubf{ d] / L kl/ lrt vgfNgL af] O 6'Kn'Ss cfOk'lug\ . vgfNgL af] OnfO{ Ozf/ f ub} { ckl/ lrt af] On] elgg\, …vgfNgL lbbL ltd|f] sf] kl5{g\ lg <Ú

d} n] vgfNgL af] OnfO{ k'n'Ss x] / ] +, af] On] klg dnfO x] l/ g . xfd|f cfFvf h'w] clg d} n] eg] +, …xfdL cfkmGtL xf} + .Ú

vgfNgL af] O 6';'Ss a:b} elgg, …x] / kf} 8] NgL, / utsf] gftfeGbf dgsf] gftf 7"nf] / } Ú5 . Tolta] nf o;sL xh'/ cfdfnfO{ d} n] u¥of u'g ;Dem] / of] s] 6f] dnfO{ e] 6\g cfO/ xG5 t/ cfˆgf ;Gtfg eGg] x? r} + stf 5g\ stf <Ú

vgfNgL af] Osf] s'/ f ;'g] / b'a} af] O dHhfn] xfF;] . xfF:bf xfF:b} kf} 8] NgL af] On] elgg\, …3/ fo;L s'/ f xf] nfg\, nf} af] O gflt ulkmb} ug'{;\, d r} + uPF .Ú

tL kf} 8] NgL af] OnfO{ a:g eGb} vgfNgL af] On] elgg\, …3/ eP kf] 3/ fo;L s'/ f x'g', 3/ } gefsf dfG5] sf s] 3/ fo;L s'/ f x'g' Û a; s] a; .Ú

dgdf c;Xo kL8f x'Fbfx'Fb} klg kf} 8] NgL af] O lvTs} 5f8] / xfF:b} labf eOg\ .

;'? eP xfd|f uGyg .vgfNgL af] On] ;fgf] kf] sf] vf] lng\ . kf;kf] 6{

;fOhsf] kmf] 6f] dlt/ b] vfpFb} elgg\, …oL o;} sf] dfof nfU5 / Tof] 3/ sf] ofb cfpF5 . gq Tof] 3/ d] / f nflu d;fg3f6 h:t} xf] .Ú

d} n] af] Osf] xftaf6 kmf] 6f] lnb} x] / ] +, ;fgf] afa'sf] kmf] 6f] lyof] . ;f] w] +, …sf] xf] of] <Ú

…d] / f] gflt s] 6f] , ;'zfGt ÛÚ af] Osf cfFvf rlDsnf eP .

…slxn] sf] kmf] 6f] xf] o:tf] < of] t clxn] cf7 df k9\5 .Ú d} n] lbgx'F b] Vg] ;'zfGtsf] kmf] 6f] lrGg} ;s] g5' .

af] O km] l/ ?g yflng\ . d} n] ;Demfpg vf] h] + . af] On]

km] l/ elgg\, …oq} df b] Vof x'F, v'a} dfof uYof] { . o;sL cfdfn] gfgfefFtL eg] / dnfO{ ufnL ubf{ of] cfˆgL cfdfnfO{ s'6\g hfGYof] t/ ca t===.Ú

Psl5g d r'krfk a;] + . af] O dg kvflng] ul/ / f] Og . ;Dxflnb} elgg\, …s] zj] t xflsd ef 5 / ] x} <Ú

…xf] af] O Û lhNnfel/ s} xflsd x'g'efÚ5 s] zj ;fgf] af ÛÚ

…clg ;'zfGTof dDdL lg <Ú af] On] a'xf/ LnfO{ klg ;lDemOg\ .

…;fgLcfdf t ToxL afn hgtf :s'ndf k9fpg' x'G5 . ;'zfGt r} + pt} sf7df8f} + k9\5 . xfd|f] 3/ b] lv glhs} sf] :s'ndf af] 8{; a:5 .Ú d} n] ;a} atfP . af] On] ;'zfGtsf] kmf] 6f] dflug\, d} n] lbPF .

…7"nf] e} u] r d] / f] gflt ÛÚ af] On] ;'zfGtsf] kmf] 6f] df r'Kk DjfFO vfOg\ .

af] On] kmf] 6f] k'gM kf] sf] leq} / flvg\ . r:df vf] lng\, x/ ] / fd x/ ] lzj n] Vof kx] +nf] ?dfnn] r:dfsf l;;f k'l5g\ . d} n] ;f] w] + …s] zj ;fgf] af cfpg'x'Gg e] 6\g <Ú

af] On] ;':s] / f xflng\ . cl3sL kf} 8] NgL af] On] h:t} pQ/ lbOg\, …a'xf/ L gNofpFbf;Dd kf] 5f] / f] xf] clxn] t a'xf/ Lsf] kf] O xf] . lsg cfpFYof] e] 6\g, d sf] x'F / p;sf] .Ú

d} n] ;DemfpFb} eg] +, …t] qf] xflsd dfG5] , Eofpg' x'Fb} g xf] nf, kL/ glng" .Ú

…dfof eP ;a} EofOG5 bLks . a'xf/ L;Fu emu8f ug{'eGbf 5'§} a:g' cfdf eg] / 8f] ¥ofpFb} NofPsf] t o:tf 7fpFdf NofP/ 5fl8lbof] . ca t oxL dfOt, oxL 3/ . e] 6\g cfpg] hlt 5f] / f gflt nfU5g\ dnfO{ .Ú af] O olt eGb} ubf{ cln lxDdtL b] lvOg\ .

;fdfGo enfs';f/ L vgfNgL af] O;Fu klxn] klg x'Gy] . x/ ] s ;do sf7df8f} +af6 ufpF cfpFbf d vgfNgL af] OnfO{ e] 6\g of] a[4f>d cfPs} x'G5' . t/ of] k6ssf] e] 6df vgfNgL af] O clNn w] / } lrlGtt b] lvlGyg\ .

…clg lsg 3/ } ga;] / a[4f>ddf a:g cfpg' efÚt <Ú d} n] a'xf/ LnfO{ lht] / } eP lg cfˆg} 3/ df a:g'kg] { c8fg lnP .

af] On] rf} aGbL rf] nf] sf] afpnf dflylt/ ;fb} { s'lxgflg/ sf] 6f6f] b] vfpFb} elgg\, …oL of] 3fpsf] 6f6f] xf] , cfuf] n] kf] Nof . cfh;Dd a:of eP t df/ L ;SyL .Ú

…s] zj ;fgf] afn] ;Demfpg' x'Gg ;fgLcfdfnfO{ <Ú d} n] uNtL ;fgf afsf] b] v] + .

af] On] lha|f] 6f] Sb} elgg\ …hf] Ol6ª\u|] kf] O xf] , :jf:gLsf cufl8 r'F af] Ng ;Sb} g .Ú

…clg ;DklQ s;sf gfddf 5 lg af] O <Ú…afh] sf] gfddf lyof] , dg{'eGbf kGw| lbg k} nf

p;} sf] gfddf u/ ] / d/ ] . d] / f] gfddf x'GYof] eg] ;DklQs} nflu eP lg dfof uYof] { ls . cefuL vKk/ , htf uP lg 7Ss/ xf] afa' .Ú af] On] wf/ ] xft nufpFb} lgwf/ df lxsf{Og\ .

lbpF;f] sf] gf:tf vfg] ;do eP5 . a[4f>dsf ;a} afh] af] Ox? ejgsf] a/ 08fdf hDdf eP . af] On] hah{:tL vfhf vfg nUg'eof] . d kl5 nfUg afWo ePF .

dlxnfsf] nfOgdf af] O a:g'eof] . k'?ifsf] nfOgdf d a;] + . d] / f 5] pmdf vfOnfUbf x] b} { wgf9\oh:tf afh]

lyP . cln cfkm"lt/ tfGb} eg] , …otf cfpm gflt . s:tf] 7\ofSs} d] / f] ;'bLk] h:tf] .Ú

…sf] ;'bLk] afh] <Ú d} n] pgsf] klg kL8f hfGg rfx] + .

…gflt xf] afa', 5f] / Lsf] 5f] / f] .Ú pgL lg/ fzh:tf] k|ltlqmof lbP .

x] bf{ wgf9\o nfUg] afh] sf 5f] / f / x] g5g\ . ;a} ;DklQ 5f] / L HjfOFsf gfddf ub] {sf afh] nfO{ dg] { a] nf 5f] / L HjfOF g} ldn] / nv] 6] rg\ . Toqf] ;DklQsf dflns cGTodf a[4f>dsf] z/ 0fdf cfpg' kbf{ lgSs} ?Gy] pgL .

…;a} ;DklQ cfˆg} gfddf kf] / fVg'k5{, geP wd] { 5f] / f] kfNg'k5{ .Ú d} n] xft w'b} ubf{ afh] nfO{ uNtL ltd|} xf] a'9f eGg vf] h] + .

a'9fn] k] 6Ldf a;fNb} eg] , …ck'tfnLnfO{ wg Kof/ f] eGg] ;'Gof 5f} < xf] To:t} ef] . hjfgLel/ sdfpg l7Ss ef] . cfˆgf] ;Gtfgafx] s c?nfO{ lsg lbg' eg] / 5f] / LHjfOFsf] laZjf; ul/ of] . pgLx?sf nflu ;DklQ g} 7"nf] / x] 5 . cGTodf d la/ fgf] ePF, ;DklQ cfˆgf] eof] .Ú

vgfNgL af] On] vfO g;Sbf;Dd d log} afh] ;Fu ulkmPF . 5f] / f gx'g'df slQ klg b'MvL lyPgg\ oL afh] . …pm Tof] ;] t} km'Nof sfnf] sf] 6 nufpg] a'9fnfO{ b] Vof} < pgsf rf/ efO 5f] / f 5g\ . ;a} OlGhlgo/ x'g\ / ] . sf7df8f} +df dfq rf/ j6f 3/ / x] 5g\ . ;a} ;DklQ 5f] / fx?nfO{ efu nfOb] / ;a} 5f] / f;Fu kfn} kfnf] a:b} cfPsf a'9f t dg] { a] nf oxL cfpg' k¥of 5 . ;Gtfg dfofn' x'g k¥of] . Tof] 5f] / f] eP lg, 5f] / L eP lg km/ s kb} {g . gq t p pgsf] xfnt b] lVvuf] .Ú afh] n] hLjg ef] ufOsf a] lnla:tf/ nufP .

xf] , ;fFRrL a[4f>ddf ;a} ;Gtfg ePsf a[4x? dfq lyP t/ cfˆg} ;Gtfgaf6 7luPsf . ;a} ;DklQ ePsf x'g] vfg] 3/ s} lyP t/ ;DklQsf] s'g} cy{ lyPg olta] nf . ;a} bfgdf cfPsf] vfGy] , bfgd} cfPsf] nufpFy] . ptf af] On] af] nfOg\, d pt} nfu] + .

…Toqf] gfd / bfd 5 . oxfF ga:g';\ af] O, hfpmF pt} .Ú d} n] vgfNgL af] OnfO{ ;'v geP lg cfˆg} 3/ df a:g] ;Nnfx lbP .

…Toqf] gfd / bfd 5 / t oxfF a:b} 5' gq t eLv dfUb} lx8\y] + ahf/ –ahf/ , rf] s–rf] s . oxL gfd / bfdn] t eLv dfu] / lx8\g ;lSbgF lg .Ú af] On] / fd|f] pbfx/ 0f lbOg\ .

dnfO 3/ hfg l9nf x'Fb} lyof] . km] l/ cfpg] afrf;lxt labf lnPF . d} n] af] OnfO{ 9f] Ub} ubf{ pgL eSsflgb} / f] Og\ clg Pp6f kf] sf] dnfO{ lbb} elgg\, …of] ;'zfGt] nfO{ nUb] ;\ . hf} +sf] ;ft' xf] , Aofg–Aofg b"wdf xfn] / vfg eg] ;\ . Hofb} b'Anf] 5 / ] d] / f] gflt .Ú

;'zfGtk|lt pgsf] dfof b] v] / dnfO{ klg ?g dg nfUof] . a'9fkfsfx? eG5g\ t ;fFjfsf] eGbf Aofhsf] dfof nfU5 eg] / . xf] , To:t} 5f] / fsf] dfof eGbf gfltsf] dfofn] af] OnfO{ ;tfPsf] lyof] . cfF;' n'sfpFb} labf ePF .

a[4f>dsf afh] –af] OnfO{ ;Dem] / s} +of} lbg lgbfpg} ;lsgF . s] zj ;fgf] af / ;fgL cfdfh:tf s'k'qx?nfO{ ;Dem] / cem} + klg / ut tftf] x'G5 . bfx|f ls6\b} eG5', …a'9] ;sfn ltd|f klg cfprg\ ÛÚ

)))

/ cjwf/ 0fx? k|:t't u/ ] . pgn] k|:t't u/ ] sf u|Gyx?dWo] lqlk6s ;a} eGbf 7"nf] / dxTjk"0f{ u|Gy dflgG5 .

l;4fy{n] cf/ lDes lzIff ljZjfldqaf6 kfPsf lyP . pgn] j] b, k'/ f0f, pklgifbx?sf] uDeL/ cWoog u/ ] . To; afx] s pgn] o'4snfsf] 1fg klg lnP . tL/ xfGg] , 3f] 8f bf} 8fpg] , s':tL v] Ng] h:tf ;Lkx? ;d] t To; a] nf pgn] l;s] . x'g klg To;a] nf a'4 hlQsf] l;kfn' / y xfFSg] c? sf] xL lyPgg\ elgG5 . o;/ L / fhs'df/ x's{b} uP/ !^ jif{sf] ePkl5 pgsf] lajfx zfSo sGof ozf] w/ f;Fu ;DkGg ul/ Psf] lyof] . cfˆgf lktf z'4f] wgn] Ct' cg'?k lgdf{0f u/ ] sf] eJo / j} ejzfnL / fhb/ af/ df kTgL ozf] w/ f;Fu hLjg l;4fy{n] u'hfg{ yfn] . pgnfO{ Ps k'q klg k|fKt eof] h;sf] / fx'n gfdfs/ 0f ul/ of] . l;4fy{ uf} td @) aif{sf] ePkl5 tTsfnLg zfSo ;+3sf] ;b:o ;d] t eP . o;/ L ;+3sf] sfo{df ax't} ?lrk"j{s ;dlk{t / bQlrt eP/ nfu] sf l;4fy{ uf} tdn] Tof] ;+3df cf7 jif{ latfP . ;+3df pgsf] cfr/ 0f / Jojxf/ ;a} sf nflu cToGt} pbfx/ 0fLo, cg's/ 0fLo / lk|o ag] sf] lyof] .

uf} td a'4 @$ jif{ k'u] sf avt zfSo u0f/ fHo / l5d] sL sf} nLo u0f/ fHoaLr ;Ldf gbLsf] ?kdf / x] sf] ] / f] lx0fL gbLsf] kfgL l;+rfO{sf] lglDt klxnf s;n] / slt kfgL pkof] u ug] { ;Gbe{df lgSs} 7"nf] tgfj pTkGg eof] . o:tf ljjfbx? a9\b} uP/ sltko ;dodf n8fOFs} ?k lnGy] . clg ;Djfbåf/ f To:tf ljjfbx? gldn] kl5 o'4åf/ f g} o; k|sf/ sf ;d:ofsf] xn ug] { Tolta] nf

klg k|rng lyof] . To;} n] zfSo u0f/ fHosf ;] gfkltn] sf] nLo u0ftGqsf la?4 o'4sf] k|:tfj / fv] . t/ l;4fy{ uf} td of] k|:tfjsf] la?4 lyP . pgn] o'4 s'g} klg ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg xf] Og eGg] s'/ fdf laZjf; / fVby] / To;} df b[9 lyP . pgn] b'a} tk{msf dflg;x? / fv] / Pp6f ;ldlt agfpg] / To;n] Ps g] tf r'g] / ;d:of ;dfwfg ul/ g'kg] { k|:tfj / fv] sf lyP . t/ o'4s} kIfdf g} 7"nf] ax'dtn] k|:tfj kfl/ t eof] . To; l:yltdf l;4fy{ uf} tdsf ;fd'df s] jn tLgj6f dfq lasNk b] vfk/ ] – ;] gfdf egf{ eP/ o'4df efu lng] ls, cfˆgf kl/ jf/ sf dflg;x?sf] ;fdflhs alxisf/ tyf pgLx?sf] v] t hkmt x'g] s'/ fdf ;xdt x'g] ls < kmf;Ldf r9\g of b] z lgsfnf :jLsf/ u/ ] / lxF8\g tof/ x'g] < jf:tjdf of] uDeL/ / sl7g k|Zg / lasNk lyof] . a'4n] ;f] rljrf/ ul/ sg t] ;|f] lasNk r'g] / kl/ a|fhs ag] / b] z 5f] 8\g tof/ eP . o;/ L zflGtsf] vf] hLdf o'4sf] la?4 pgn] b/ af/ sf] ;'v;onsf] Tofu u/ ] sf lyP . x'g klg pgL b"wd'v] 5f] / f] / lk|o kTgL tyf b/ af/ sf] ;'v ;onsf] hLjgnfO{ klg 5f] 8] / lxF8\g tof/ ePsf lyP / lxF8] .

o; k|sf/ sl7g lg0f{o / c7f] 6 lnP/ / fhs'df/ l;4fy{ uf} td ca leIf' ag] / ;dfh rxfb} { / hLjg / hutsf] oyfy{ jf:tljs s'/ f a'‰b} lxF8\g yfn] . pgn] of] u ;fwgf klg l;s] . laleGg lsl;dsf tk:ofsf] klg k|of] u u/ ] . clg o;/ L ;a} s'/ f ub} { hfFbf pgn] s'g} klg k|flKtsf nflu cltjfb sfd gnfUg] / dWod dfu{ ckgfpg'kg] { lgisif{df k'u] . oyfy{ ;Tosf] af] w ug{

lxF8] sf uf} td a'4n] jf:tjdf h'g dxf1fg k|fKt u/ ] Tof] g} ci7 dfu{ / k~rzLnsf] ?kdf cfh laVoft 5 . pgn] !$ jif{sf] 1fgsf] vf] hLkl5 $) aif{sf] pd] / df cfk"mn] kfPsf] 1fgnfO{ ;+:s[t efiffsf] ;f6f] :yfgLo ;/ n kfnL efiffdf k|rf/ k|;f/ ug{ yfn] . To;sf] ;f] emf] c;/ ;dfhdf klg kg{ yfNof] / To;sf] nf] slk|otf a9\b} hfg yfNof] . pgsf] cg'ej / 1fg k|rf/ ug] { qmddf ;a{k|yd pgn] ;f/ gfy -h;nfO{ Tolta] nf sfzLsf] d[ubfj elgGYof] _ k'u] / klxnf] k|rf/ ToxLaf6 cf/ De u/ ] . o;/ L cfˆgf] 1fg–wd{sf] k|rf/ ub} { ub} { *) aif{sf] pd] / df pgsf] dxfkl/ lgjf{0f -b] xfa;fg_ a'4 hGd] s} lbg eof] .

a'4sf] 1fgsf] ;f/ cyf{t\ d"n pkb] z …cKk bLkf] ejÚ cyf{t\ …cfk} m k|sfz agÚ eGg] g} xf] . a'4sf cg';f/ jf:tjdf wd{ eg] sf] 1fg k|flKt, ;dfgtf k|flKt / ldqtf k|flKt xf] . o;sf nflu ;Dos 1fg, ;Dos larf/ , ;DFos b[li6, ;Dos cfr/ 0f, ;Dos sfo{ cflb atfOPsf 5g\ . pgn] b'Mv 5, b'Mvsf] sf/ 0f 5 / To;sf] lgjf/ 0f klg 5 eGg] s'/ fsf] h'g 1fg lbPsf 5g\ To;} sf nflu ci6f+lus dfu{ k|:t't u/ ] sf 5g\ . pgsf] k~rzLnsf] l;4fGt t cfh ljZjsf b] zx?sf aLr ;x–;DaGw sfod ug] { Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ tTj g} ag] sf] 5 . a'4 cGwljZjf; la/ f] wL, sf6df/ la/ f] wL / kz'aln la/ f] wL lyP . a'4sf] 1fgdf hftkft, 5'jf5"t / prlgrsf] s'g} e] befj lyPg / 5} g . a'4sf] of] dxf1fgnfO{ pgsf lktf / fhf z'4f] wg / k'q / fx'nn] klg u|x0f u/ ] sf lyP . oBlk cf/ Dedf a'4 dlxnfx?nfO{ a'4 ;+3df lng] s'/ fdf ;xdt lyPgg\ . t/

kl5af6 of] s'/ f klg pgn] :jLsf/ ] . oBlk pgnfO{ of] s'/ f -dlxnfnfO{ ;+3df lng] s'/ f_ cTo;Dd klg TolQ ?lrs/ nflu/ x] sf] lyPg .

o; k|sf/ g] kfndf hGd] sf l;4fy{ uf} td a'4n] ljZj sNof0f, dfgjtf / dfgjLotfsf nflu h'g 1fgsf] cdf] 3 of] ubfg lbP To;} sf/ 0fn] pgnfO{ cfh zflGtsf] cu|b"t / Pl;ofsf k|sfz -nfO6 ckm Plzof_ sf] ?kdf ;f/ f ljZjel/ hflgG5 / pRr ;Ddfg ul/ G5 . t/ a'4sf ;xL pkb] zx?nfO{ h;/ L ;+sL0f{?kdf vf; ;Dk|bfo ljz] ifsf] wd{ h:tf] agfP/ k|o'Qm ul/ b} / ;Lldt t'Nofpg vf] lhb} 5 To;n] a'4sf] ljZj dfgjtfnfO{ g] kfnsf dxfg ;k't uf} td a'4n] lbPsf] of] ubfgnfO{ lgSs} ;Lldt t'Nofpg] sfd u/ ] sf] 5 eg] csf] {lt/ a'4h:tf ;jf] {Ts[i6 dfgjnfO{ eujfg agfP/ k"hf cr{gf ug] { ultljlwn] klg ;dfhsf / ;+:s[ltdf pTkGg cGwljZjf; la?4sf] pgsf] dxTjk"0f{ / b"/ bzL{ efjgfnfO{ klg o;/ L s'l07t kg] { / pk] Iff ug{] sfd eO/ x] sf] 5 . of] a'4sf] km/ flsnf] 1fg / ;dfh kl/ jt{sf] b[li6sf nflu cdfGo hxfF klg / hlxn] klg cdfGo / c:jLsfo{ s'/ f xf] . s] s'/ f rflxF pb] snfUbf] 5 eg] xfdLn] cem} klg a'4 g] kfns} dxf1fgL ;k"t x'g eGg] oyfy{nfO{ :yflkt ug{ ;ls/ x] sf 5} gf+} / of] jif{ @)&# g] kfndf ;DkGg eO/ x] sf] a'4 hoGtL / ljZj af} 4 ;Dd] ngn] a'4sf] hGdynf] sf] af/ ] df kflnPsf sltko e|dk"0f{ s'/ fx?nfO{ lrg{ d2t k'¥ofof] eg] To;nfO{ pknlAw g} dfGg'kg] { l:ylt 5 .

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s] j'nsf/ df r9\g'cl3 nfOgdf / x] s} cj:yfdf s;} n] s] j'nsf/ df r9] kl5 cfjfh s] xL ;'lgb} g, sfg eDd x'G5 eg] / ;'gfpg' eof] . xfdLn] s] j'nsf/ d} ;flxlTos sfo{qmd ug] { eg] / sf7df8f} +af6 kms{b} ubf{ klxNo} of] hgf agfPsf lyof} + . t/ sfg g} ;'lgb} g eg] kl5 s;n] s;nfO{ ;'gfpg] < Pp6f gofF k|Zg xfd|f

dfemdf Rjf:; laemfpg cfof] . s] j'nsf/ df cfjfh ;'lgg] g;'lgg] eGbf klg s] j'nsf/ df r9\gsf nflu uPsf dflg;sf] k+lQm b] Vbf klxNo} sfg aGb xf] nf h:tf] nfUof] .

uf8Laf6 pq] / l6s6sf nflu nfOgdf hfFbf xfdLeGbf klxNo} k'u] sfx?nfO{ b] Vbf xfd|f] kfnf] lbpF;f] b'O{ ah] cfpnf h:tf] nfUof] . l6s6 lng] sf] 3'FOrf] Psflt/ 5 s] j'nsf/ df r9\g] x?sf] 3'FOrf] emg\ stf–stf nfdf] 5 . Tof] 3'FOrf] b] Vbf Ps dg t s] j'nsf/ ofqf / 2 ug'{k5{ ls h:tf] klg nfUof] . l6s6 lng] / s] j'nsf/ r9\g] x?sf] 3'FOrf] b] Vbf oL dflg;x? dgsfdgf dlGb/ bz{gsf clenfifL xf] nfg\ ls s] j'nsf/ sf clenfifL xf] nfg\ < d} n] cfkm} nfO{ k|Zg u/ ] + . xfdLdWo] sltko dgsfdgf k'lu;s] sf] / x] 5f} + slt t s] j'nsf/ af6} hfg' ePsf] atfpFb} x'g'x'GYof] . d] / f] nflu of] dgsfdgfsf] ofqf bf] >f] lyof] t/ s] j'nsf/ sf] ofqf eg] klxnf] aGb} lyof] . o;cl3 cfa'v} / ] gLsf] af6f] eP/ tLg 306fdf k} bn ofqfaf6 k'u] sf lyof} + .

k|ultzLn n] vs ;+3sf] bzf} + clwj] zg @)&@ r} q @^ / @& ut] ;s] / @* ut] laxfg ;a] / } xfdL sf7df8f} +af6 dgdf Psk|sf/ sf] leGb} pT;fx af] s] / s'l/ g6f/ tkm{ nfu] sf lyof} + . pT;fx lsg klg lyof] eg] l;+uf] s] Gb|Lo ;ldltdf bfªaf6 / fd|f] ;xeflutf lyof] . Pshgf s] Gb|Lo pkfWoIf, b'O{hgf s] Gb|Lo ;b:o, rf/ hgf / fli6«o kl/ ifb ;b:o kb bfªnfO{ ldn] sf] lyof] . xfdL sf7df8f} +af6 lx8\g] ;dodf dgsfdgf hfg] / s] j'nsf/ df ;flxlTos sfo{qmd u/ ] / cfk;df ljhosf] v'zLofnL dgfpg] lgwf] u/ ] sf lyof} + . l6s6 lngsf nflu g} lgs} ;do nfUg] b] v] kl5 s] ug] { s] ug] { eg] h:t} eof] . nfdf] nfOg b] v] kl5 gjlgjf{lrt kfif{b s] zj yfkfn] of] t cfh sd xf] xfdL ljBfyL{ lnP/ cfpFbf cem nfdf] nfOg lyof] eg] kl5 d l6s6sf nflu nfOgdf uPF . l6s6sf] sfd olt l56f] x'Fbf] / x] 5 nfOgdf k'u] sf] bz ldg] 6d} d] / f] xftdf l6s6 cfof] . d} n] tLg hgfsf] l6s6 lnPF . bLkfn] 5'6df kfOG5 eg] / cfkm} nfOgdf hfg'eof] . afFsL b'O{hgfsf] l6s6 vu] Zj/ e08f/ Ln] lng' eof] . xfd|f] ;d'x 7"nf] lyof] . xfdL 5 hgf Pp6} ;d'xdf lyof} + eg] ;+uLt, z/ b / a;Gtx? kl/ jf/ ;lxt / x] sfn] pxfFx?sf] cnu ;d'x ag] sf] lyof] .

l6s6 lngeGbf s] j'nsf/ df r9\g hfg cem ufx|f] / x] 5 . ToxfFsf] nfOg emg k6\of/ nfUbf] x'Fbf] / x] 5 . s] j'nsf/ r9\g hfgsf nflu kmgkmgL 3'Dg'kg] { . x'g t ofq'sf] ;'ljwfnfO{ Wofgdf / fv] / xf] nf nfOgsf] aLr aLrdf a] ~rx? / flvPsf / x] 5g\ t/ kfgL k/ ] sf] ;do / rsf] { 3fddf ofq'nfO{ ufx|f] x'g] h:tf] nfUof] . l;+9L r9] / cufl8 uPkl5 xfdLn] wdfwd Sofd/ f grfpg nfUof} + . cfsfzdf s] j'nsf/ gfRb} cfpF5g\, gfRb} hfG5g\ . tL s] j'nsf/ l8AafeGbf xfd|f] dg cem a9\tf gfr] sf] lyof] . tL gfRb} cfPsf l8AjfnfO{ d} n] Sofd/ fdf s} b ug{ vf] h] + t/ lgs} k6s Sofd/ f lyRbf klg ;kmn eOPg . nfOg lgs} cg'zfl;t 9+un] cufl8 a9\b} u/ ] sf] 5 . xfdL cf;kf;sf b[Zo lgofNb} / cfk;L ukm ub} { cufl8 ;b} { uof} + .

lqz'nLsf] lsgf/ } df 5 s'l/ g6f/ . aflx/ af6 ;fdfGo h:tf] nfu] klg leq lgs} cfsif{s kfs{x? agfOPsf / x] 5 . ToxfF / x] sf] ;/ ;kmfO / xl/ ofnLn] dg nf] EofpF5 . s] j'nsf/ sf l8Aaf cfpFbf hfFbfsf] cfjfh, lqz'nLsf] ;';fO / kfs{x?sf] / d0fLo b[Zo b] Vbf Psk6s dg ToxLF x/ fpF5 . ;fyL ePsfx? cfk;df ukm ub} { nfOgaf6 cufl8 a9\b} hfG5g\, gePsfx? klg ToxfF nfOgdf a:b} ubf{ ;fyL agfpF5g\ . of] dflg;sf] Pp6f ljz] iftf xf] . sltsf xftdf

k"hf ;fdu|L klg b] Vg ;lsGYof] . slt t s] j'nsf/ r9\g] / dgsfdgfsf] b[Zodf / dfpg] x?sf] klg ;+Vof / x] sf] b] lvof] . xfdL 5 hgfsf] 6Ld ;fy} / xfdLx? klg cfk;L ukmdf / dfPsf lyof} + . dgdf / dfOnf] el/ b} ubf{ s] j'nsf/ r9\gsf nflu glhs k'luP5 . cl3Nnf] l8Aafdf rf/ hgf dfq kg] { eP . d} n] xfdLeGbf k5fl8sf b'O{hgf dlxnfnfO{ Ozf/ f u/ ] / cufl8 hfg eg] +, pxfFx?n] dfGg'eof] . em6k6 cufl8 cfP/ l8Aafdf a:g'eof] . ca xfd|f] 5 hgfsf] l6d kSsf eof] . tTsfn csf] { l8Aaf cfof] . xfdL s] j'nsf/ df r9\g slt cft'/ lyof} +, Tof] dfkgdf / zAbdf cfpg ;Sb} g . s;} sf] k|tLIff / ldngdf dflg;sf] dg–dl:tis s:tf] x'G5 xfdLdf klg To:t} eof] . s] j'nsf/ sf] l8Aafdf a:gsf nflu clns rt'/ aGg} kg] { / x] 5 .

xfdL cft'/ L ub} { l8Aafdf a:of} + . a6g bafPh:t} u/ L vu] Zj/ e08f/ Ln] Sofd/ f lemSg'eof] . d} n] klg klxn] b] lv tof/ Ldf / fv] sf] lyPF . b'O{ rf/ kf] h s] j'nsf/ leq} Sofd/ f grfPkl5 vu] Z/ e08f/ Ln] o1axfb'/ 8fFuLsf] cWoIftf / kß ;/ sf] cfltYotfdf xfd|f] ;flxlTos sfo{qmd ;~rfng x'g] 5 eg] / pb\3f] if0f ug'{eof] clg xfdL sljtf jfrgdf nfUof} + . xfd|f] sljtf jfrgkl5 Zofd rL;nfO{ kk uLtsf nflu cg'/ f] w u¥of} + . pxfFn] kk ufpg nfUg'eof] . xfdL / dfpg nfUof} + .

hLjgsf ;a} kL8f gi6 eP/ uP . xif{sf] s'g} l;df / x] g . xfdL ;a} ;+;f/ lal;{Ph:t} u/ ] / s] j'nsf/ df / dfof} + . s] j'nsf/ df r9\g] clg ;flxlTos sfo{qmd ug] { klxn] b] lvsf] wf] sf] k"/ f x'Fb} lyof] . cfnf] kfnf] u/ ] / sljtf ;'gfof} + / ;a} / ] s8{ klg ug{ Eofof} + . Pp6f lhNnfsf ;flxTosf/ Tof] klg Pp6} ;flxlTos ;+:yfsf To;df klg lgjf{rgdf pd] bjf/ ag] / ljhosf] dfnf lnP/ pT;flxt x'Fb} cfPsf . Pp6} s] j'nsf/ sf] l8Aafdf a;] / cfsfzd} ;flxlTos sfo{qmd . xfd|f nflu of] P] ltxfl;s If0f lyof] . xfdL dgsfdgf glhs k'Ub} lyof} + ;a} sf cfFvf aflx/ gfRg nfu] . xfdLn] kk dfq ufPgf} +, s] j'/ sf/ af6 aflx/ sf] b[Zo klg kkd} x] g{ Eofof} + . ;fob ;a} nfO{ of] cj;/ h'b} {g xf] nf h'g xfdLnfO{ ldn] sf] lyof] . of] ofqf cem} nfdf] eP x'GYof] h:tf] nflu/ x] sf] lyof] . xfdL l8Aaf leq} af6 tn s'l/ g6f/ lt/ lgofNb} lyof} + . kmf] 6f] x? P] ltxfl;s x'g] 5g\ eg] / d} n] s] xL kf] h kmf] 6f] lvRg EofPF . cGtdf dlGb/ df vr{g] ;do / kmls{bfsf] of] hgf klg agfof} + . sl/ a t] x|–rf} w ldg] 6df xfdLn] hLjgsf lgs} gofF cg'ej / P] ltxfl;s sfo{ ug{ ;Sof} + h:tf] nfUof] .

dgsfdgfaf6 kms{bf l6s6 hfFr ug] { efOnfO{ d} n] cfhsf] ;+Vof slt xf] nf < eg] / k|Zg ubf{ pgn] cfhsf] / ] s8{ clxn] ;Ddsf] tLg xhf/ b'O{ ;o k} tL; / x] sf] hfgsf/ L lbP . b} lgs ?kdf ;/ b/ slt x'G5 < eGg] d} n] csf] { k|Zg pgnfO{ u/ ] sf] lyPF . pgn] c? lbgsf] t'ngfdf cfh ;+Vof w] / } 5 . o;cl3sf lbgdf kGw|b] lv kRrL; ;o;Dd x'GYof] . slxn] sfxL+ cfhh:t} el/ e/ fp x'G5 eg] sf lyP .

s] j'nsf/ af6 pq] / e'OFdf cf] n{bf s] xL 5'6] sf] efg ePsf] lyof] . xfdL If0fe/ 9Lnf gu/ L dgsfdgf dlGb/ tkm{ nfUof} + . af6fe/ Aofkf/ Lx?n] sfg} vfP . s;} n] hf] 8 hf] 8n] lrRofP/ kmf] 6f] lvrfpg eG5g\ t s;} n] vfgfsf] k|rf/ ubf{ / x] 5g\ . pgLx?sf] Aofkf/ xf] , xfdLnfO{ clk|o nfu] klg pgLx?sf nflu Tof] cfjZos lyof] . xfdL dlGb/ kl/ ;/ df k'Ubf ut jif{ a} zfvsf] e"sDksf] s/ fdt b] lvof] . dlGb/ df Iflt lgs} k'u] sfn] klxn] ePsf] dlGbnfO{ k"/ } eTsfP/ k'gMlgdf{0f x'Fb} u/ ] sf] / x] 5 . bzgfyL{sf] clt nfdf] eL8 / x] 5 . s] j'nsf/ af6 cfpg] gAa] k|ltzt hlt k"hfsf nflu nfOgdf lyP h:tf] nfUof] . xfdL aflx/ af6 w] / } s'/ f cjnf] sg u/ ] / s] xL ahf/ klg x] g{ Eofof} + .

38Ln] laxfgsf] bz klg hgfO;s] sfn] vfgf vfP/ cf] n{g] ljrf/ df ;xdlt eof] . af6fdf xfdLn] ;a} sfd s'/ f ;xdltdf ub} { uPsf lyof} + . vfgf klg ;xdltd} vfof} + . xfdL ;xdltdf sfd ub} { uPsf lyof} + / t ;f] +r] eGbf cfgGbbfos ofqf s] j'nsf/ af6 ePsf] lyof] . em08} 8] 9 306fsf] dgsfdgf a;fOkl5 xfdL k'gM s'l/ g6f/ tkm{ lkmtf{ eof} + .

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;flxTo, kqsfl/ tf, ;dfh;] jf, gful/ s cfGbf] ngnufot ;dfhsf tdfd cfGbf] ngx?df nfdf] sfnv08b] lv hf] l8Psf gf/ fo0fk|;fb zdf{sf] csf] { P] ltxfl;s JolQmTj g] kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ bfªsf] ;+:yfks ;lrj Pj+ bªfnL sDo'lgi6 cfGbf] ngsf Pshgf cys cu|hsf] xf] . lj=;+= !(** kmfu'g lzj/ fqLsf lbg xfnsf] 3f] / fxL g=kf= ju{bLdf a'jf ofbjk|;fb zdf{ / cfdf hLjfb] jL zdf{sf] Ps dfq ;Gtfgsf] ?kdf pxfFsf] hGd ePsf] lyof] .

;fg} b] lv ljb|f] xL :jefj ePsf zdf{nfO{ @))& ;fnsf] qmflGtsf] kl/ j] zn] yk qmflGtsf/ L

bfªsf] sDo'lgi6 cfGbf] ngn] cf} krfl/ s?kdf ;d] t ^ bzs kf/ ul/ ;s] sf] 5 . @)!! ;fndf s6'jfvf] nfsf] l9sdf …ls;fg dhb'/ ;+3Úsf] ?kdf g] kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ bfª lhNnf sld6L

u7g ePb] lv k|f/ De ePsf] bªfnL sDo'lgi6 cfGbf] ngsf] :yfkgf / ljsf;df w] / } cu|hx?sf] dxTjk"0f{ of] ubfg / x] sf] 5 .

cGwljZjf;o'Qm, k/ Dk/ fut s7f] / ;fdGtL ;dfhdf sDo'lgi6 cfGbf] ng h:tf] gjLg, j} 1flgs / qmflGtsf/ L cfGbf] ng cl3 a9fpg sd r'gf} tLk"0f{ lyPg . To; cy{df bªfnL sDo'lgi6 cfGbf] ngsf cu|hk|lt s[t1 x'g} kb{5 .

d'n'ss} sDo'lgi6 cfGbf] ng lxhf] sf] t'ngfdf ;+VofTds?kdf 7"nf] / Jofks ePsf] t/ d"No, cfbz{ Pj+ sDo'lgi6 cfr/ 0fsf ;Gbe{df lxhf] eGbf :vlnt ePsf] of] 38Ldf cu|hx?sf] ;+3if{k"0f{ Oltxf;n] k|] / 0ff b] cf] ;\ / lxhf] of] ubfg lbPsf tL kfqx? cf] ́ ] ndf gk?g\ eg] / bªfnL sDo'lgi6 cfGbf] ngsf cu|hx?af/ ] 5f] 6f] kl/ ro qmdzM lbb} hfg] hdsf] { u/ ] sf] 5' . ;"rgfsf] uDeL/ cefjaLr lg/ Gt/ tf lbg] k|of; x'g] 5 . oyf;Dej ;TotYo lbg] k|of; ul/ g] 5 . tyflk sdhf] / L eP ;xL ;"rgfsf] cefjdf ePsf] 7fgL ;'́ fj k|fKt x'g] cfzf 5 . JolQmx?sf] Oltxf; qmdcg';f/ u/ fpg] k|of; eP klg ;f] ;Dej gePsf] cj:yfdf ;fdu|Lsf] pknAwtfsf] cfwf/ df qmdzM lbOg] 5 . – n] vs

agfOlbof] . sdhf] / ju{k|ltsf] ;xfg'e"ltsf] JolQmut :jefjsf sf/ 0f klg pxfF sDo'lgi6 cfGbf] ngk|lt cfslif{t x'g'eof] . kmn:j?k pxfFnufotsf] ;lqmotfdf lj=;+= @))* ;fndf / fdk'/ sf] esf/ ] df Clif zdf{ l3ld/ ] sf] cWoIftfdf …clvn g] kfn ls;fg ;+3Ú bfª lhNnf sld6L u7g eof] . h;sf] ;b:odf gf/ f0fk|;fb zdf{ klg x'g'x'GYof] . lhNnf sld6Lsf cGo ;b:ox?df x'tf;g zdf{, czf] s rf} w/ L, 5ljnfn rf} w/ L, / fdk|;fb b] jsf] 6f, dfl0fsnfn uf} td / nLnfw/ lwtfn x'g'x'GYof] ] . @)!! ebf} !! ut] s6'jfvf] nfsf] l9sdf …ls;fg dhb'/ ;+3Ú bfª

u7g ul/ of] . To;a] nf g] kfndf sDo'lgi6 kf6L{dfly k|ltaGw nufOPsfn] …ls;fg dhb'/ ;+3Ú bfªsf] u7gnfO{ g] kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ bfªsf] u7gsf] ?kdf lnOG5 . h;sf] ;lrj gf/ fo0fk|;fb zdf{ x'g'x'GYof] . o;/ L gf/ fo0fk|;fb zdf{nfO{ g] =s=kf= bfªsf] ;+:yfks ;lrjsf] uf} / j k|fKt 5 .

lj=;+= @)!! kmfu'g $ ut] ao/ a6'jfdf ePsf] g] =s=kf= bfªsf] k|yd lhNnf ;Dd] ngn] gf/ fo0fk|;fb zdf{nfO{ k'gM ;lrjdf rog u¥of] . gf/ fo0fk|;fb zdf{n] @)!@ ;fn df3df sf7df8f+} df e"ldut?kdf ;DkGg g] kfn sDo''lgi6 kf6L{sf] bf] ;|f] ;Dd] ngdf bfª kf6L{sf] k|ltlglwsf ?kdf dfl0fsnfn uf} td / kbdk|;fb zdf{ l3ld/ ] ;lxt efu lng'ePsf] lyof] .

@)!# ;fndf / f} tx6df ePsf] g] skfsf] Kn] gd bfªaf6 l6sf/ fd lwtfn / gf/ fo0fk|;fb zdf{n] efu lng'ePsf] lyof] . @)!% ;fndf ePsf] ] cfdlgjf{rgdf zdf{ g] skfsf] tkm{af6 k"jL{ bfª lgjf{rg If] qsf] ;+;b ;b:odf pDd] bjf/ x'g'eof] . h;df pxfFF ljhoL x'g g;s] klg tTsfnLg kl/ j] zdf pNn] vgLo cyf{t\ @*#^ dt k|fKt ug{'eof] . To; sfnv08df sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] g] t[Tjdf bfªdf 7"nf–7"nf ls;fg cfGbf] ngx? eP . h;sf] Pshgf cu|0fL g] t[Tjstf{ gf/ fo0fk|;fb zdf{ x'g'x'GYof] . To;} ;Gbe{df g] skf bfªsf] g] t[Tjdf a] n'jf aGhf8Ldf ePsf] P] ltxfl;s ls;fg cfGbf] ngdf tTsfnLg sf+u|] ; ;/ sf/ n] bdg ubf{ @)!& ;fn ;fpg ^ ut] u'd|f yf?sf] xTof ul/ of] . ;Qfsf] To; bdgsf] s8f k|ltjfb g] skf bfªn] u¥of] . kmn:j?k gf/ fo0fk|;fb zdf{nufotsfnfO{ lu/ ̂tf/ u/ L h] ndf s} b ul/ of] . s} bsf] a] nf ´08} Ps jif{ pxfFnfO{ g] n nufP/ tTsfnLg ;Qfn] cdfgjLo Jojxf/ u¥of] . pxfFnfO{ tTsfnLg sf+u|] ;L ;/ sf/ / k~rfotL ;/ sf/ n] u/ L tLg jif{ h] ndf s} b u¥of] . h] nd'Qm ePsf] s] xL ;do laTg gkfpFb} k~rfotL ;Qfn] pxfFnfO{ k'gM lu/ ̂tf/ u/ L ;ft dlxgf y'gfdf / fVof] .

@)!& ;fn r} t !^ ut] dfgk'/ df ePsf] g] skf bfªsf] bf] ;|f] clwj] zggn] 6Lsf/ fd lwtfnnfO{ ;lrjdf rog u/ ] kl5 gf/ fo0fk|;fb zdf{ h] nd} / x] sf]

cj:yfdf lhNnf sld6L ;b:odf rog x'g'eof] . g] skf bfªsf] t] ;|f] lhNnf clwj] zg e"ldut?kdf / fdk'/ sf] rfSnL3f6df eof] . clwj] zgn] lzj/ fh uf} td ;lrj / x] sf] ;ft ;b:oLo lhNnf sld6L u7g u¥of] . h;sf] ;b:odf gf/ fo0fk|;fb zdf{ klg / xg'ePsf] lyof] .

@)@@ ;fndf g] skf bfªsf] rf} yf] lhNnf clwj] zg e"ldut?kd} eof] . h;n] lzj/ fh uf} tdnfO{ k'gM ;lrjdf lgo'Qm u¥of] / gf/ fo0fk|;fb zdf{nfO{ km] l/ lhNnf sld6L ;b:odf rog u¥of] . Tof] sfnv08df g] skf bfªdf tLa| cfGtl/ s snx / cGtlj{/ f] w b] vf k¥of] . kmn:j?k zdf{s} zAbdf kf6L{df cfGtl/ s dte] b / c;d´bf/ L eP/ sfd ug{ c;dy{ ePsf] hgfpFb} kf6L{ nfO{ ldlt @)@$ a} zfv !^ df …kf6L{;Fusf] sfg'gL ;DaGwaf6 km'Ssf x'g rfxG5'Ú eGg] kf6L{df lnlvt hfgsf/ L lbg'eof] .

g] skf bfªaf6 cf} krfl/ s?kdf labf ePkl5 pxfFn] nfdf] ;do;Dd lzIf0f k] zf c+ufNg'eof] . @)## b] lv …o'uaf] wÚ kflIfs k|sfzg k|f/ De u/ ] / kqsfl/ tfdf ;lqmo x'g yfNg'eof] . o;aLr g] kfndf sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ ljeflht eof] . g] skf bfª klg ljeflht eof] . @)@$ ;fndf sDo'lgi6 kf6L{sf] ;+u7gfTds ;+/ rgfaf6 cnu ePsf gf/ fo0fk|;fb zdf{ tTsfnLg Pdfn] ljefhg ePkl5 u7g ePsf] g] skf dfn] df @)%$ ;fndf ;+u7gfTds?kdf ;+nUg x'g'eof] . t/ of] ;+nUgtf s/ La ^ dlxgf dfq / xg uof] .

gf/ fo0fk|;fb zdf{ @)^@÷)^# sf] P] ltxfl;s hgcfGbf] ngkl5 k'gM:yflkt k|ltlglw;ef -;+;b_sf] ;b:osf] ?kdf sfd ug{'eof] . ;+j} wflgs?kdf / fHon] dgf] gLt ug] { sf] 6fcGtu{t pxfF :jtGq ;f+;b -ljwfos_sf] ?kdf dgf] gLt eP klg pxfF tTsfnLg g] skf -dfcf] jfbL_sf] l;kmfl/ ;df dgf] gLt x'g'ePsf] lyof] .

zdf{ xfn s'g} klg sDo'lgi6 kf6L{df ;+u7gfTds?kn] ;+nUg geP klg :jtGq?kdf g] kfnL afd cfGbf] ngdf lqmofzLn x'g'x'G5 .

)))

sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngsf gla;{g] kfqx?

;'zLn uf}td

k"j{af6 / ftf] ;"o{ pbfpFb} u/ ] sf] dgf] / d laxfgL b[Zo b] lvG5 . 6fk' vf] +r clg a] ;Lsf a:tLdf dflg;x? 3/ sf leQf / cfFug ;hfpFb} u/ ] sf e] l6G5g\\ . 8fF8fsf] s'Og] 6fdf e|d0fstf{x? ufpFsf] dgf] / d b[Zofjnf] sg ul/ / x] sf x'G5g\ . pQ/ tkm{sf wf} nflu/ L, cGgk"0f{ / klZrdsf] l;:g] lxdfnsf

6fs'/ fdf / ftf] ;"o{sf] ;'gf} nf ls/ 0fn] ufpFnfO{ emg} dgf] / d agfpg] ub{5 . e|d0fstf{ ToxL k|s[ltsf] cb\e"t ;f} Gbo{tf lrofpFb} nl¶Psf h:t} b] lvG5g\ . nfU5– pgLx?nfO{ k|s[ltsf] ;'Gb/ g;fn] lbn} b] lv df] xgL nufPsf] x'g;S5– oxL k|s[lt / ;+:s[ltsf] ;+ud dgf] / d :yn xf] – Ko'7fg cf] v/ sf] 6 .

:yfgLosf] nugzLntf clg k|s[ltsf] j} ej b] v] / efjgfdf aUg] dflg;x? st} :ju{sf] 6'qmf t xf] Og eg] / sNkgfdf 8'a] sf] k|ltlqmof lbG5g\ . uf} d'vL ko{6sLo If] qsf] k|j] zåf/ sf] ?kdf / x] sf] cf] v/ sf] 6df laxfgL ;"of{] bosf] ;'Gb/ 56fn] k|s[ltsf] j} ejk"0f{ ;f} Gbo{tfnfO{ 5tf5'Nn x'g] u/ L kf] lvlbg] ub{5 . r/ fr'?ª\uLsf] lrla{/ nfnLdo laxfgL, ;'Gb/ ufpFa:tLsf dgf] / d b[Zon] dgsf] b'Mv lgjf/ 0f ul/ lbg] cf] v/ sf] 6 k'u] sf ko{6ssf] k|ltlqmof 5 . a;GtsfnLg l;hgdf k'Ug] :jb] zL tyf ljb] zL ufpFsf] pTs[i6 ;Eotf clg k|fs[lts ;f+:s[lts / P] ltxfl;s dgf] / d ;'Gb/ tfn] nfnlot x'g] ub{5g\ .

;DejtM cf] v/ sf] 6 u|fdL0f ko{6gsf] gofF df] 8nsf] cEof; ug{ yflnPsf] dgf] / d a:tL x'g ;S5 . gofF df] 8nsf] ?kdf ljsf; ug{ ljZjsf] if kl/ of] hgfdfkm{t\ u|fdL0f ljsf;sf sfo{x? cl3 a9] sf 5g\ . k"jf{wf/ b] lv ;] jfd"ns If] qdf ;'wf/ ug{ ljleGg

lj1x?sf] vf] h / cg';Gwfgaf6 ko{6g ljsf; ug{ :yfgLox? nfluk/ ] sf 5g\ .

@)^* sf] hgu0fgfcg';f/ % xhf/ $ ;o ($ hg;+Vof / x] sf] cf] v/ sf] 6 ;Ktuflj;x?sf] ;+ud :yn xf] . cf] v/ sf] 6 ;/ ;kmfO / cltly ;Tsf/ df lgs} cAan ePsf] kfx'gfx?sf] atfpF5g\ . u|fdL0f ko{6gsf] gofF df] 8nsf] ?kdf ljsf; x'Fb} u/ ] sf] cf] v/ sf] 6sf] j} ejtfn] ljb] zL kfx'gfsf] dg klg tfg] sf] 5 . jif{df sl/ a &) a9L ljb] zL, c9fO ;o a9L :jb] zL ko{6sn] cf] v/ sf] 6sf] ;'Gb/ tfnfO{ r'Dg] u/ ] sf] tYofª\s kfpg ;lsG5 . jif{] gL ljb] zLsf] rfk ab\b} uPsf] 5 . cf] v/ sf] 6df hd{gL, O/ fg, g] b/ Nof08, O6nLnufotsf b] zsf gful/ s k'Ug] ub{5g\ . cf] v/ sf] 6 e|d0fdf k'u] sL O/ fgL gful/ s l;ldgn] ufpFsf] ;'Gb/ tfsf] avfg ul/ g\ . k|s[ltsf] cb\e"t ;'Gb/ tf, ;+:s[lt / :yfgLosf] :jfutn] cfkm"x?nfO{ lgs} df] lxt agfPsf] l;ldg atfpFl5g\ .

Ko"7fgsf] afUb'nfb] lv sl/ a !% lsld sRrL ;8s b'/ Ldf kg{] cf] v/ sf] 6 cfo{, v;, du/ , blntnufotsf ;d'bfosf] ;femf a:tL xf] . ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] / fd|f] kxF'r eg] uflj;el/ cem} x'g ;s] sf] 5} g . t} klg :yfgLox? ufpF ko{6gdf sDd/ s;] sf 5g\ . ltg} ;d'bfosf] ;femf kxnaf6 u|fdL0f ko{6gnfO{ k|j4{g ug{ ufpFdf xf] d:6] ;~rfngdf NofOPsf] 5 . ToxL xf] d:6] df ljut b'O{ jif{ otf :jb] zL tyf ljb] zL kfx'gfn] / ft latfpg] u/ ] sf 5g\ .

k|fs[lts, P] ltxfl;s, ;f+:s[lts dgf] / d b[Zon] ;lhPsf] u|fdL0f a:tL cf] v/ sf] 6 u|fdL0f ko{6g ljsf;sf] ;femf of] hgfdf 5 . lj=;+= @)^& ;fnb] lv ufpF ko{6gsf] cleofg oxfF z'? ePsf x'g\ . ufpFnfO{ pGgt, ;Eo / dgf] / d agfpg ufpFaf;L ;b} j tNnLg b] lvG5g\ . hfFu/ eP 9'+ufdf ;'g kmnfpg ;lsG5 eGg] plQmnfO{ rl/ tfy{ ub{} cf] v/ sf] 6af;L olta] nf kfx'gf leq\ofpgdf Jo:t b] lvG5g\ . cltlynfO{ df} ;dcg';f/ sf km"n / b'af] dfnfn] :jfut ug{] k|rng oxfF alg;s] sf] 5 .

ufpF ko{6gsf] cfwf/ xf] d:6] nfO{ Jojl:yt ug{ pgLx?nfO{ EofO gEofO{ 5 . cf] v/ sf] 6af;Lx? k|s[lt / ;+:s[ltnfO{ ahf/ Ls/ 0f u/ L hLjg wfGg] gofF hf] xf] ub{} 5g\ . :yfgLo pTkfbgsf] k|j4{g tyf ;/ ;kmfOdf nugzLntf pgLx?sf] ljz] iftf g} xf] .

cf] v/ sf] 6 6fk' / rf} s] df xf] d:6] ;+rfngdf NofOPsf] 5 . rf} s] sf] xf] d:6] df kfx'gfn] :yfgLo kl/ sf/ ;lxt du/ ;+:s[lt / snfsf] dhfn] cjnf] sg ug{] ub{5g\ . To;} u/ L cf] v/ sf] 6 6fk'df klg xf] d:6] ;~rfng ul/ Psf] 5 . xf] d:6] df a] n'sL gfrufg;lxt :yfgLo kl/ sf/ sf] dhf lng ;lsG5 . laxfg} sf] 6 b/ af/ sf] eUgfjz] if ;fy} laxfgLsf] ;"of{] bosf] cjnf] sg dhfn] ug{ kfOG5 .

dR5Lsf] 9fF8l:yt / s uf8{] g gj o'jfo'jtLsf] nflu lgs} dgf] / d 5 . r§fg} r§fgn] k|fs[lts ?kdf lgdf{0f ePsf] / s uf8{] g kfx'gfsf] nflu csf{] cfsif{0f xf] . cf] v/ sf] 6sf] u|fdL0f ko{6gnfO{ yk Jojl:yt agfpg kbdfu{ lgdf{0f, P] ltxfl;s ;Dkbfsf] lh0ff{] åf/ , xf] d:6] nfO{ yk Jojl:yt ug{ nfu] sf] xf] d:6] cleoGtf / fh] Gb|ljqmd l;+xn] atfP .

Ko"7fgsf cGo uflj;eGbf km/ s / pGgt klxrfg agfPsf] cf] v/ sf] 6 :jb] zL tyf ljb] zL kfx'gfsf] / fd|f] uGtJo aGb} uPkl5 :yfgLodf yk xf} ;nf a9] sf] 5 . :yfgLo pTkfbg, k/ Dk/ fut ;Lk, snf ;+:s[ltsf] dxTj yfxf gkfpFbf v] / uPsf] pgLx?sf] k|ltlqmof 5 . ufpFdf xf] d:6] ;~rfng ePkl5 ufpFsf] :yfgLo cgfh, kmnkm"n, b"w bxL ;a} 3/ d} laqmL x'g] ePsf] n] cfly{s hLjgdf ;'wf/ cfPsf] xf] d:6] ;~rfns yddfof lh;Ln] atfOg\ . Psn dlxnf;d] t / x] sL lh;Ln] xf] d:6] n] cfkm"nfO{ ;dfhdf af] Ng / s] xL cfly{s pTkfbg ug{ l;sfPsf] ] k|ltlqmof lbOg\ . xf] d:6] ;~rfng u/ ] kl5 kfx'gf cfpnfg\ clg 3/ d} k} ;f xf] nf eGg] sNkgf ;d] t gu/ ] sL lh;L clxn] kfx'gfsf] ;Tsf/ ug{d} lbg laTg] u/ ] sf] atfpFl5g\ . yfnLe/ 6Lsf, km"nsf dfnfsf] tfFtL lnP/ nfd n:s/ df yddfof klg k'Ug] ub{l5g\ .

:yfgLosf] hfFu/ , kl;gf, d] xgt / s'zn g] t[Tjsf] Ifdtfn] cf] v/ sf] 6 dWoklZrdd} pTs[i6 u|fdL0f ko{6gsf] df] 8nsf] ?kdf ljsf; x'Fb} uO/ x] sf] 5 . Joj:yflksf ;+;b ;b:o tyf dlxnf g] t[ b'uf{ kf} 8] nsf] kxndf lj=;+= @)^& b] lv cf] v/ sf] 6 ljZjsf] if kl/ of] hgf ;~rfngdf 5 . ko{6g af] 8{, lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt nufotsf ;DalGwt lgsfosf] xfn;Dd !% s/ f] 8 !% nfv ?k} ofF nufgL ePsf] tYofª\s 5 . / fhgLlts g] t[Tjsf] kxndf ;/ sf/ L nufgLn] klg ;fy lbPkl5 cf] v/ sf] 6n] olta] nf ko{6gsf] If] qdf 5'§} klxrfg agfpg ;s] sf] xf] . u|fdL0f ko{6gsf] ljsf;lagf d'n'ssf] cfly{s ljsf; ;Dej gePsf] n] cf] v/ sf] 6af6 u|fdL0f ko{6g ljsf;sf] cEof; yflnPsf] ko{6g cleoGtf tyf Joj:yflksf ;+;b ;b:o b'uf{ kf} 8] nn] atfOg\ . :yfgLonfO{ ljsf;af/ ] a'emfpFb} :yfgLosf] >dzlQm / / fHosf] k"FhL ah] 6nfO{ ;xL tl/ sfn] kl/ rfng ug{ ;s] df ufpFsf] cfly{s hLjg ;'wfg{ ;lsg] kf} 8] nn] lhls/ ul/ g\ .

s'g} Ps ufpFdf Ps k6s a'4sf] cfudg eof] .

ufpFdf Pp6f u/ La rdf/ lyof] . ufpFsf] ;d|f6nfO{ yfxf eO;s] sf] lyof] ls a'4 cfPsf 5g\ eg] / . t/ Tof] lar/ f rdf/ nfO{ s] yfxf < pm lbge/ cfˆgf] sfddf Jo:t lyof] . ysfgsf] sf/ 0fn] / ftdf pm rfF8} ;'ltxfNYof] .

laxfg cfˆgf] em'k8Laf6 p7\of] . rdf/ sf] gfd lyof] ;'bf; .

em'k8Lsf] k5fl8 Pp6f ;fgf] kmf] x/ kfgLsf] tfn lyof] . p;n] b] Vof] , ToxfF t sdnsf] km"n km'n] sf] 5 . lagf df} ;dsf] km"n lyof] , cem} df} ;d eO;s] sf] lyPg sdn km'Ng] .

;'bf; Psl5g x} / fg eof] . km] l/ w] / } v'zL klg eof] . km"n l6k] / ahf/ lt/ bf} l8of] – s;} g s;} n] cjZo klg o;nfO{ Ps–b'O{ ?k} ofF lbg] 5g\ . km"n 7'nf] lyof] . ;'Gb/ lyof] – a] df} ;dsf] lyof] . ;fFRr} g} o;sf] abnfdf s] xL k} ;f k|fKt x'g] 5 .

;'bf; ahf/ tkm{ uO/ x] sf] lyof] . To;} a] nf gu/ sf] wgklt– gu/ ;] 7 / ydf a;] / cfO/ x] sf] lyof] . pm ;'bf;sf] glhs uP/ pleof] .

wgkltn] eGof] , …slt lnG5f} of] km"nsf] <Ú ;'bf;n] eGof] , …hf] tkfO{+ lbg'x'G5, xh'/ sf]

s[kf .Ú p;n] cfˆgf] ;f/ yLnfO{ eGof] , …kfFr ?k} ofF

o;nfO{ b] pm .Ú;'bf; crDddf k¥of] . lsgls kfFr ?k} ofF w] / }

lyof] . pm ;f] RYof] ls Ps ?k} ofF klg w] / } 5 . pm Psbd x} / fg eof] . crDd dfGb} p;n] eGof] , …kfFr ?k} ofF <Ú

olt s'/ fsfgL x'Fbfx'Fb} k5fl8af6 alh/ dGqL 3f] 8fdf cfO/ x] sf lyP . pgn] eg] , …Tof] km"n ga] r, km"n d lsG5' . wgkltn] hlt k} ;f lbG5, To;sf] kfFr u'0ff a9L d lbG5' .Ú

;'bf; emg} crlDet eof] . p;n] eGof] , …kRrL; ?k} ofF < tkfO{+ s] eGb} x'g'x'G5, Pp6f ;fwf/ 0f km"nsf] olt w] / } d'No <Ú

wgkltn] eGof] , …s'g} d"No r'sfP/ eP klg km"n d lsG5' . alh/ hlt af] Nb} hfG5, To;sf] kfFr u'0ff a9L d lbG5' .Ú

dfu a9\b} uof] ta ;'bf; emg\ x} / fg eof] . pm s] xL klg ;f] Rg ;ls/ x] sf] lyPg .

To;} a] nf / fhfsf] / y klg cfOk'Uof] . / fhfn] eg] ls …km"n d} n] lsg] +, ;'bf; t} n] d'vn] dfu] sf] / sd hlt dfU5;\, d lbg] 5' .Ú

To;kl5 ;'bf;n] eGof] , …tkfO{+x? ;a} kfun x'g'x'G5 . of] km"nsf] s'g} d"No g} 5} g . xhf/ f} + d"No t al9;Sof] ca tkfO{+ eGb} x'g'x'G5 ls hlt dfu] klg lbG5' . s'/ f s] xf] ;d|f6 <Ú

;d|f6n] eg] , …zfob tFnfO{ yfxf 5} g xf] nf ls ufpFdf a'4sf] cfudg x'Fb} 5 . xfdL pgsf] :jfutsf] nflu hfFb} 5f} + . d a] df} ;dsf] km"n pgsf] r/ 0fdf r9fpF5' . clg pgL crDddf kg{] 5g\ ls a] df} ;dsf]

sdn km"n < a'4sf] r/ 0fdf of] km"n d r9fpg] 5' .Ú gu/ ;] 7n] eGof] , …of] x'g ;Sb} g ;d|f6, of]

km"nnfO{ ;a} eGbf klxnf d} n] b] v] sf] x'F, klxnf d} n] vl/ b k|lqmof ;'? u/ ] sf] x'F . d klxnf] u|fxs x'F .Ú

pgLx?sf] ljjfb rln/ x] sf] lyof] . ta ;'bf;n] eGof] , …Ifdf ug{';\, d ca km"n a] lRbgF . ha a'4 ufpFdf cfpFb} 5g\ eg] km"n d cfkm} r9fpg] 5' .Ú

pgLx?n] eg] , …;'bf; tF kfun ePsf] 5;\ . hlt k} ;f rflxG5 n} hf– t] / f] rdf/ L d] l6g] 5, u/ LaL x6\g] 5 ;w} +sf] nflu . t] / f] hGd–hGdkl5sf] ;GtltnfO{ klg ;'v x'g] 5 . hlt rflxG5 n} hf .Ú

;'bf;n] eGof] , …xf] Og, ca k} ;f lnP/ s] ug{] < d} n] g} r9fpF5' of] km"n a'4nfO{ .Ú

km"n a] lrPg . Pp6f u/ La rdf/ sf] sdnsf] km"n ;d|f6n] lsGg ;s] gg\ .

a'4sxfF ;d|f6 t klxNo} k'luxfn] / yaf6 . gu/ ;] 7 k'Uof] . alh/ k'Uof] .

pgLx?n] a'4nfO{ eg] ls cfh Pp6f cb\e"t 36gf 36\of] . Tof] u/ La JolQm, h;sf] s'g} x} l;ot 5} g, h;sf] ;fydf ef] lnsf] nflu vfgf 5} g, p;n] nfvf} + ?k} ofF nft dflb{of] / eG5 ls km"n d r9fpF5' .

;'bf; k} bn lx8\b} k5fl8 cfOk'Uof] . a'4sf] r/ 0fdf km"n / fv] / xft hf] 8\of] clg a'4nfO{ 9f] Uof] .

a'4n] eg] , …kfun eO;\ ;'bf;, t} +n] km"n a] lrlbg'kYof] { .

ta ;'bf;n] eGof] , …eujfg\, ;DklQ g} ;a} s'/ f xf] Og . ;DklQeGbf klg 7"nf] tkfO{+sf] r/ 0fdf km"n / fv] / 9f] Ug kfpFbf h'g cfgGb, h'g t[lKt dnfO{ k|fKt eof] Tof] hlt ;DklQ eP klg sd g} x'GYof] .Ú

olt 36gfqmd eO;s] kl5 a'4n] cfˆgf leIf'x?nfO{ eg] , …leIf' b] Vof} , of] ;'bf;nfO{ Pp6f ;fwf/ 0f JolQm, Pp6f ;fwf/ 0f dfG5] leq klg k/ dfTdfsf] k|sfz olt w] / } pTkGg x'g ;S5 . ;'bf; ufpFsf] rdf/ , bLgxLg JolQm;Fu olt w] / } k|] d / >4fsf] ;Defjgf 5Ú, a'4n] eGg yfn] , …jiff{+} b] lv 3'ld/ x] sf] 5' ufpF–ufpF . slt dfG5] x?;Fu e] 6 eof] t/ ;'bf; ltdL clåtLo 5f} .Ú

k|:t'lt M t'kmfgafa' >] i7zfGt tnfpm / ] l8of] sfo{qmdsf k|:tf] tf

k|]/s k|;ª\u

a'4 / sdn km"nsf] d"No Û