CSP Technologies

Solar Power Generation

Features of Each Types of Solar Power

Concentrating the solar radiation in

high magnification and using this

thermal energy for power generation

PTC Type CRS Type Dish type

1Axis Sun tracking controller

Concentrating rate : 30 ~ 100, ~400 oC

Parabolic Trough Concentrator

2 Axis Sun tracking controller

Concentrating rate: 500 ~ 1,000,

~1,500 oCCentral Receiver System

2 Axis Sun tracking controller

Concentrating rate: 1,000 ~ 10,000

Parabolic Dish Concentrator

Concentrating Absorbing Storage Generation

Absorbing/Reactionfuel

fuelSolar

Radiation

CSP Technologies

CSP Technologies

PTC CRS Dish

commercialized in large scale (more than 50MW )

technology development is already

reached proper level, diffusion level

efficiency ~12%

various types (from 1 to 20MW )

developing the technology, partially

commercialized

efficiency ~16%

Stirling type in ~25kW size

completing the development

efficiency ~30%

CSP Test Facilities Worldwide

Parabolic Trough Concentrator

In 1994, the first research on high temperature solar technology started

PTC technology for steam generation and solar detoxification

Parabolic reflector and solar tracking system were developed

<The First PTC System Installed in KIER(left) and Second PTC developed by KIER(right)>

Dish Concentrator

1st Prototype: 15 circular mirror facets/ 2.2m focal length/ 11.7㎡ reflection area

2nd Prototype: 8.2m diameter/ 4.8m focal length/ 36㎡ reflection area

<The First(left) and Second(right) KIER’s Prototype Dish Concentrator>

Dish Concentrator

Two demonstration projects for 10kW dish-stirling solar power system

Increased reflection area(9m dia. 42㎡) and newly designed mirror facets

Running with Solo V161 Stirling engine, 19.2% efficiency (solar to electricity)

<KIER’s 10kW Dish-Stirling System in Jinhae City>

Dish Concentrator

0

5

10

15

20

25

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1,000

법선면 직달일사량 (W/㎡)

발전효율

(%

)

Reflection Area: 40m2

Diameter 9m

Focal length 5m

1mm Silver Coated Mirror Glued on

Pressed Al

10kW Max Solo V161 Stirling

Engine with H2

Peak. Eff. ~ 22% (Solar to Electricity)

<2009, Daejeon>

<2007, Jeju>

Hybrid Power Generation

<Solar Furnace for Reaction>

Solar/NG hybrid power generation by chemical reaction (solar portion 10kW)

Methane solar reforming and Syngas combustion in gas turbine

1MW Power Tower (Korea-China)

1MW solar tower system construction in Beijing

Korea-China collaborative project

- Concentration: Heliostat – Power Tower

- Power Generation: Steam Turbine

- Storage: High-temp thermal storage

Schematic of Power Tower Project and Role Sharing (Korean party is responsible for the development of colored units )


KIER Receiver

25 riser tubes, lower & higher headers, downcomer, and drum

Superheater outlet steam condition: 28 bar, 400 ℃, 6 ton/hr

Receiver size: 6.1× 11.2 m (Aperture Area: 5.0 × 5.0 m)

drum

superheater

header-riserconnection

KIER receiver


10kW Stirling Engine

RecuperatorCooler

Heater

TL TH

( 1<= nc =< k )

QcompQexp

Qheater

Qcooler

Gen

WcompWexp

Wnet

ScrollCompressor

ScrollExpander

( 1<= ne =< k )

1

23 4

5

6

Simulation of circular receiver for stirling engine (Fluent)

Schematic of scroll striling engine

5 & 6 channel receiver

PCHE / Multi-channel receiver

10 kW stirling engine / receiver development

Scroll type engine with CO2 (60 bar, 700 oC)

200kW Solar Power Tower

Air receiver + steam turbine

Heliostat area : 4 m2

Heliostat number : 450


Label Min MaxMax -

MinAvg Stdev

Image<200.

01050.1 *850.1

LI01 *298.7 1037.9 739.1 *839.9 188.6

AR01 *207.9 1050.1 842.3 *833.6 165

0.0

100.0

200.0

300.0

400.0

500.0

600.0

700.0

800.0

900.0

9:50:16

10:04:26

10:18:36

10:32:46

10:46:56

11:01:06

11:15:16

11:29:26

11:43:36

11:57:46

12:11:56

12:26:06

12:40:16

12:54:27

13:08:36

13:22:46

13:36:57

13:51:06

14:05:17

14:19:26

14:33:36

14:47:46

15:01:56

15:16:06

15:30:16

직달일사량

(W/㎡)

흡수기air

평균온도(℃)

흡수기리싸이클

평균온도(℃)

흡수기평균

온도(℃)

흡수기

최고온도(℃)

Air receiver surface temperature Air receiver outlet air temperature

Air receiver with ceramic

Air receiver experiment


Heliostat

Low Cost Product (3rd Prototype)

Size : 4m² (2×2m²)

Quantity : 450 EA

Total Heliostat Area : 1,800m²

Expected Solar Radiation : 1,530kWth


Thermal storage

Installed inside Tower(on 7th floor)

Chemical characteristics(Al2O3)


Heliostat Field Design

Height of Center of Receiver : 45m

Rmin = 1.0 x (Height of Center of Receiver)

Heliostat Dimension : 2.02 x 2.02 x 1.5 m


Heliostat Field Design

Demonstration of 10kW Dish

ULSANDIC Co., Ltd

KYUNGSANWooshin Co., Ltd

CHILGOKYoungjin Univ.

government (80%) support business

10kW dish developed by KIER

3 units installed and operating with grid connection(2 units)

trying to reduce the unit cost

Nano Coating Reflector(ongoing)

Nano Coating Machine for 1.7ⅹ1.6㎡[1st Mass Production]

Reflectance (%Re) : >95%

Material Type : 4T Low Iron glass

Coating thickness average : 100~120nm

Coating uniformity : <3.5nm

Durability

Quality control of nano coating reflector

85

86

87

88

89

90

91

92

93

94

95

96

97

98

99

100

280 530 780 1030 1280 1530 1780 2030 2280

Wavelength(nm)

Ref

lect

ance

(%)

Commercial ReflectorCMS-1(95.11%Re)CMS-2(95.14%Re)CMS-3(95.21%Re)CMS-4(95.30%Re)CMS-5(95.19%Re)CMS-6(95.35%Re)CMS-7(95.19%Re)CMS-8(95.24%Re)CMS-9(95.18%Re)

NANOCMS Glass Reflector 95.2 %Re Vs Commercial reflector : 92~93%Re

Max. 95.2% reflectivity of

the nano coating reflector

- Reflectivity of other

commercial reflectors is in

the range of 92~93

AMTEC-Dish(ongoing)

Receiver

Parabolic dish

AMTEC

KIER 10 kW Dish/Stirling system

Stirling Engine →AMTEC

AMTEC: Alkali Metal Thermal to Electric Convertor

High efficiency: around 20 %

High density: max 0.5 kW/kg

Operating temperature: 900~1300K

AMTEC Cell : β”-alumina , 100W

Heat pipe : 765℃ @ 250W, 790℃ @ 350W

Dish Concentrator(Inha Univ.)

Perfect mirror(case I)

Performance comparison with Perfect mirror

Conical Type Dome Type Rectangular Type(Receiver I ) (Receiver II) (Receiver III)

Array of mirrors

Receiver shape


I II

III IV

V VI


Comparisons of the optical efficiency of dish solar collector with mirror arrays

Comparisons of the receiver efficiency with mirror arrays and receiver shapes

mirror

a

P

Pefficiencyoptical _

a

lossa

P

PPefficiencyreceiver

_

Perfect mirror, (case I)

Conical Type Receiver


Specification Size

From ground to center 1.83 m

Maximum height 4.11 m

Reflectivity of reflector Above 95%

Diameter of reflector 3.2 m

Focal length 2 m

Total area of reflectors 5.90㎡

Rim angle 43.85˚<Songdo, Incheon>


Quartz glass & Porous metal

Receiver shape

Receiver drawing

Renewable Energy Resource(China)

种类

Typical

资源可开发量

Available Amount

Solar 1700 Billion Tcoe

Wind >1 billion kW

Hydro 0.54 Billion kW

Biomass 0.46 Billion Tcoe

Geothermal 3.3 billion Tcoe




吸热器表面能量分布计算值光斑中心变化实测值

Flux on the absorber


CSP Researches in China

Solar parabolic trough concentrator and tube absorber

1991-1995, the 8th five-year plan

2001-2005, the 10th five-year planProject 1: dish/Stirling power generation system (1.54 million)

Project 2: theoretical research on hydrogen production by thermal decomposition( 0.35 million)

Project 3: multi-energy system suitable for the west region of China (2 million)

Project 4: key technology research on solar tower system (1million)

Project 5: 70kW solar tower with air receiver (local government)

2006-2010, the 11th five-year planProject 1: CSP technology R&D and engineering demonstration (78.97million)

Project 2: solar high temperature air receiver ( 4million)

Project 3: integrative utilization of solar thermal and photovoltaic technology (4million)

Project 4: high temperature solar absorber receiver under non-vacuum condition( 4million)

Project 5: thermo-acoustic Stirling power generation system ( 0.7 million)

Project 6: solar thermal power generation with low-boiling point fluid ( 0.7 million)

Project 7: vacuum tube absorber used for parabolic trough ( 0.7 million)

Project 8: molten salt storage technology (0.7 million)

Project 9: concrete storage technology ( 0.7 million)

Solar power tower

IEECAS SUPCON

1MWe，IEECAS, 2012Delingha 50MW tower plant (phase I ) 10MW ,

SUPCON，2013

Parabolic trough

IEECAS DCTC Royal Tech Solar

IEECAS+Himin/

CHEC

Lanzhou DaCheng Technology

-

Parabolic trough

CAMDA Generator Tianruixing GuoDian

1MWth system demo, CAMDA Generator, under construction

Beijing Tianruixing Vacuum Technology, 2012

180kW , GuoDian Xinjiang Power , Turpan, XinJiang province

Dish concentrator

XI'AN AERO‐ENGINE PLC Sanhua Cleanergy

XI'AN AERO-ENGINE PLC

(Stock code: 600893)

Sanhua

(stock code:002050)

HelioFocus （30%）

Cleanergy + Huayuan Aeolian Sand Development Ltd., 2012

Linear Fresnel

Himin Solar CGN Huaneng

-1.6MWt, testing loop under

construction

China Huaneng Group, 1.5MWt (400kW), ISCC

New interest in project development

Location：Bala Gong town, Hangjinqi, Ordos City, Inner Mongolia

Status: (construction phase) survey and design tendering, system scheme optimization

FiT: 0.9399￥/kWh（11cents euro/kWh)

China Datang Corporation Renewable Power Co.Ltd ：50MW

Location：Hongliuwa，Jinta, Jiuquan, Gansu Province

Status: feasibility study was approved by China China Communication Planning and De

sign Institute for Waterway Transportation , low-interest (2.1%)loan from ADB

FiT: undefined (1.15￥/kWh)

CHEC ：50MW

Location：Delingha city, Qinghai Province

Status: feasibility study，low-interest loan from ADB (Composite Interest Rate of 3%)

FiT: undefined (1.38￥/kWh)

China Guangdong Nuclear Power：50MW

New interest in project development

Location：Honggeda village, Yanchi County, Ningxia Province

Status: pre-feasibility study by North China Power Engineering Co Ltd (ISCC-

trough/gas)

FiT: undefined

Hanas ：92.5MW

Shouhang & SunCan’s plan

To invest 100 MWe CSP tower plants in western China, the first 10 MWe molten salt tower wit

h 24 hours’ operation will be finished before mid 2015…

Shouhang invested 2 million Euro to buy a power engineering company in Shanghai for CSP

EPC

SunCan’s 100 MWe tower site in Dunhuangdistance from airport:30km

Shouhang & SunCan’s plan

CSP Facilities Worldwide

CSP deployment

• The IEA’s technology roadmap for CSP : Electricity from CSP plants as shares of total electricity consumption.

• The IEA’s technology roadmap for CSP, the BLUE Map scenario of ETP 2008,and the advanced and moderate scenarios of Global CSP Outlook 2009, produced by SolarPACES, ESTELA and Greenpeace.

The IEA CSP Roadmap to 2050

•Vision of possible High-Voltage Direct-Current(HVDC) lines linking theSouthwest to the rest of the United States.

High-Voltage Direct-Current(HVDC) lines

CSP Technologies

The DESERTEC concept applied to EU-MENA Region

CSP projects:

• Currently about 10 GW under preparation worldwide

• IEA Scenario: 10 – 20 GW/year 2010-50

• DESERTEC: 15% EU Electricity demand 2050 from North Africa

CSP Technologies

•Roadmap vision of hydrogen production

•Production and consumption of CSP electricityby 2050 (in TWh)

Deployment beyond 2030:Power and Fuels

Milestones for technology improvements Dates

1 Demonstrate direct steam generation (DSG) in parabolic trough plants 2015 - 2020

2 Large-scale solar tower with molten salts as heat transfer fluids and storage 2010 - 2015

3 Mass-product parabolic dishes with Stirling engines 2010 - 2015

4 Demonstrate three-step thermal storage for DSG solar plants 2015 - 2020

5 Demonstrate solar tower with supercritical steam cycle 2020 - 2030

6 Demonstrate solar tower with air receiver and gas turbine 2020 - 2030

<Comparison of main CSP technologies>

Milestones for technology improvements

Parabolic Trough Projects

Concentrating Solar Power Projects


Project name Country Turbine capacity Status Start year

Abhijeet Solar Project India Net: 50.0 MW Under construction 2013

Agua Prieta II Mexico Net: 12.0 MW Under construction 2014

Airlight Energy Ait Baha Plant Morocco Net: 3.0 MW Under construction 2013

Andasol-1 (AS-1) Spain Net: 49.9 MW Operational 2008



Archimede Italy Net: 4.72 MW Operational 2010

Arcosol 50 (Valle 1) Spain Net: 49.9 MW Operational 2011

Arenales Spain Net: 50.0 MW Under construction 2013

Ashalim 2 Israel Net: 110.0 MW Under development 2017

Aste 1A Spain Net: 50.0 MW Operational 2012

Aste 1B Spain Net: 50.0 MW Operational 2012

Astexol II Spain Net: 50.0 MW Operational 2012

Bokpoort South Africa Net: 50.0 MW Under construction 2015

Borges Termosolar Spain Net: 22.5 MW Operational 2012

Helios I (Helios I) Spain Net: 50.0 MW Operational 2012

Helios II (Helios II) Spain Net: 50.0 MW Operational 2012

Holaniku at Keahole Point United States Net: 2.0 MW Operational 2009

Ibersol Ciudad Real (Puertollano) Spain Net: 50.0 MW Operational 2009

ISCC Ain Beni Mathar Morocco Net: 20.0 MW Operational 2010

ISCC Hassi R’mel Algeria Net: 25.0 MW Operational 2011

ISCC Kuraymat Egypt Net: 20.0 MW Operational 2011



KaXu Solar One South Africa Net: 100.0 MW Under construction 2015

KVK Energy Solar Project India Net: 100.0 MW Under construction 2013

La Africana Spain Net: 50.0 MW Operational 2012

La Dehesa Spain Net: 49.9 MW Operational 2011

La Florida Spain Net: 50.0 MW Operational 2010

La Risca (Alvarado I) Spain Net: 50.0 MW Operational 2009

Lebrija 1 (LE-1) Spain Net: 50.0 MW Operational 2011

Majadas I Spain Net: 50.0 MW Operational 2010

Caceres Spain Net: 50.0 MW Under construction 2013

Casablanca Spain Net: 50.0 MW Under construction 2013

City of Medicine Hat ISCC Project Canada Net: 1.1 MW Under construction 2014

Colorado Integrated Solar Project United States Net: 2.0 MW Non-Operational 2010

Diwakar India Net: 100.0 MW Under construction 2013

Enerstar (Villena) Spain Net: 50.0 MW Operational 2013

Extresol-1 (EX-1) Spain Gross: 50.0 MW Operational 2010

Extresol-2 (EX-2) Spain Net: 49.9 MW Operational 2010

Extresol-3 (EX-3) Spain Net: 50.0 MW Operational 2012

Genesis Solar Energy Project United States Net: 250.0 MW Under construction 2014

Godawari Solar Project India Net: 50.0 MW Operational 2013

Gujarat Solar One India Net: 25.0 MW Under construction 2013

Guzmán Spain Net: 50.0 MW Operational 2012

Helioenergy 1 Spain Net: 50.0 MW Operational 2011



Helioenergy 2 Spain Net: 50.0 MW Operational 2012

Manchasol-1 (MS-1) Spain Net: 49.9 MW Operational 2011

Manchasol-2 (MS-2) Spain Net: 50.0 MW Operational 2011

Martin Next Generation Solar Energy Center (MNGSEC)

United States Net: 75.0 MW Operational 2010

Megha Solar Plant India Net: 50.0 MW Under construction 2013

Mojave Solar Project United States Net: 250.0 MW Under construction 2014

Morón Spain Net: 50.0 MW Operational 2012

National Solar Thermal Power Facility

India Net: 1.0 MW Operational 2012

Nevada Solar One (NSO) United States Net: 72.0 MW Operational 2007

NOOR I Morocco Net: 160.0 MW Under construction 2015

Olivenza I Spain Net: 50.0 MW Operational 2012

Orellana Spain Net: 50.0 MW Operational 2012

Palma del Río I Spain Net: 50.0 MW Operational 2011

Palma del Río II Spain Net: 50.0 MW Operational 2010

Pedro de Valdivia Chile Net: 360.0 MW Under construction 2015

Saguaro Power Plant United States Net: 1.0 MW Operational 2006

Shams 1 (Shams 1) UAE Net: 100.0 MW Operational 2013

Solaben 1 Spain Net: 50.0 MW Operational 2013






Solacor 1 Spain Net: 50.0 MW Operational 2012

Solacor 2 Spain Net: 50.0 MW Operational 2012

Solana Generating Station United States Net: 250.0 MW Operational 2013

Solar Electric Generating Station I United States Net: 13.8 MW Operational 1984

Solar Electric Generating Station II United States Net: 30.0 MW Operational 1985

Solar Electric Generating Station III United States Net: 30.0 MW Operational 1985

Solar Electric Generating Station IV United States Net: 30.0 MW Operational 1989

Solar Electric Generating Station V United States Net: 30.0 MW Operational 1989

Solar Electric Generating Station VI United States Net: 30.0 MW Operational 1989

Solar Electric Generating Station VII United States Net: 30.0 MW Operational 1989

Solar Electric Generating Station VIII


Solar Electric Generating Station IX United States Net: 80.0 MW Operational 1990

Solnova 1 Spain Net: 50.0 MW Operational 2009



Termesol 50 (Valle 2) Spain Net: 49.9 MW Operational 2011

Termosol 1 Spain Net: 50.0 MW Operational 2013

Termosol 2 Spain Net: 50.0 MW Operational 2013

Thai Solar Energy 1 (TSE1) Thailand Net: 5.0 MW Operational 2012

Xina Solar One South Africa Net: 100.0 MW Under construction 2016

Andasol-2

CSP Projects

CSP Project

SPAIN andasol-I plant

Extresol-1

CSP Project

Solar Electric Generating Station IX(SEGS Projects)

CSP Project

Power Tower Projects

CSP Project

CSP Project


ACME Solar Tower India Net: 2.5 MW Operational 2011

Ashalim 1 Israel Net: 121.0 MW Under development 2017

Crescent Dunes Solar Energy Project (Tonopah)

United states Net: 110.0 MW Under construction 2013

Dahan Power Plant China Net: 1.0 MW Operational 2012

Gemasolar Thermosolar Plant (Gemasolar)

Spain Net: 19.9 MW Operational 2011

Ivanpah Solar Electric Generating System (ISEGS)

United States Net: 377.0 MW Under construction 2013

Jülich Solar Tower Germany Net: 1.5 MW Operational 2008

Khi Solar One South Africa Net: 50.0 MW Under construction 2014

Lake Cargelligo Australia Net: 3.0 MW Operational 2011

Palen Solar Electric Generating System

United States Net: 500.0 MW Under development 2016

Planta Solar 10 (PS10) Spain Net: 11.0 MW Operational 2007

Planta Solar 20 (PS20) Spain Net: 20.0 MW Operational 2009

Rice Solar Energy Project (RSEP)

United States Gross: 150.0 MW Under development 2016

Sierra SunTower (Sierra) United States Net: 5.0 MW Operational 2009

Supcon Solar Project China Net: 50.0 MW Under construction -

Planta Solar 10(PS 10)

CSP Project

Planta Solar 20(PS 20)

CSP Project

CSP Project

SPAIN PS 10/20

CSP Project


Alba Nova 1 France Net: 12.0 MW Under construction 2014

Augustin Fresnel 1 France Net: 250.0 kW Operational 2012

Dhursar India Net: 100.0 MW Under construction 2013

eCare Solar Thermal Project Morocco Gross: 1.0 MW Under contract 2014

Kimberlina Solar Thermal Power Plant (Kimberlina)


Kogan Creek Solar Boost (Kogan Creek)

Australia Net: 44.0 MW Under construction 2014

Liddell Power Station Australia Net: 9.0 MW Operational 2012

Llo Solar Thermal Project (Llo) France Net: 9.0 MW Under construction 2015

Puerto Errado 1 ThermosolarPower Plant (PE1)

Spain Gross: 1.4 MW Operational 2009

Puerto Errado 2 ThermosolarPower Plant (PE2)

Spain Net: 30.0 MW Operational 2012


Kimberlina Solar Thermal Power Plant

CSP Project

Puerto Errado 1 Thermosolar Power Plant

CSP Project

Linear Fresnel Reflector Projects and Dish/Engine Projects

CSP Project

CSP Project

SPAINfresnel30MW


Imperial Valley-Solar Two

CSP Project

SunShot CSP Program

SunShot CSP Program

SunShot CSP Program

SunShot CSP Program

• 8 ¢/kW h reduction in LCOE (38% ) from 2010 to 2013 • An additional 7 ¢/kW h (54% ) LCOE reduction still necessary to achieve SunShot

goals

9¢

2¢

5¢

1¢

4¢

2¢

3¢

1¢

4¢

3¢

1¢

1¢ 2¢

1¢

3¢

21¢/kW h

13¢/kW h

6¢/kW h

¢

5¢

10¢

15¢

20¢

25¢

2010 System Price (Trough +

TES)

2013 System Price (Molton Salt Tower)

Receiver/Heat Transfer Cost Reductions

Power Plant Cost

Reductions

Thermal Storage Cost Reductions

Solar Field Cost Reductions

SunShot Goal

LC

OE

(20

10 ¢

/kW

h)

Receiver/Heat Transfer Power Plant Thermal Storage Solar Field

SunShot CSP Program

SunShot CSP Program

SunShot CSP Program

Project Solana Ivanpah Genesis Crescent Dunes Mojave

Utility APS SCE + PG&E PG&E NVE PG&E

State Arizona California California Nevada California

Size 280 MW 392 MW 250 MW 110 MW 280 MW

Technology Trough/Storage Tower Trough Tower/Storage Trough

COD Oct. 2013 Dec. 2013 Nov. 2013 June 2014 Late 2014

DOE Loan $1.45 B $1.63 B $0.85 B $.74 B $1.2 B

Company Abengoa BrightSource NextEra SolarReserve Abengoa

Total CSP under construction: 1,312 MW

March 15, 2013: Abengoa and BrightSource announced a joint venture to build the 500 MW Palen Solar Complex

SunShot CSP Program

SunShot CSP Program

Documents

CSP Technologies