Visual Dictionary

Porosity

Air Barrier Paper

Air barriers retard the flow of air but do not stop the air completely. They also function to prevent the passage of water through the wall. In this case, the air barrier paper is located behind the brick to stop moisture and air from penetrating the exterior walls of the building.

Attic Ventilation

• Soffit Vent- An opening under the eave of a roof, used to allow air flow into the attic or the space below the roof sheathing.

• Ridge Vent- Passive air-exhaust unit located along the ridge of a sloping roof to exhaust attic air.

• Gable Vent- Passive exhaust ventilation unit located high on the gable end, used to exhaust attic air.

• Roof Turbine- Pulls and exhausts moist, hot air from attic

Pictures on Next Page

Attic Ventilation PicturesSoffit VentRoof TurbineRidge VentGable Vent

Backhoe

• A piece of excavating equipment consisting of a digging bucket on the end of a two-part articulated arm usually used for digging footings, trenches, etc.

• Width of bucket – 22”

Batter Boards

• A temporary frame built just outside the corner of an excavation to carry marks that lie on the surface planes of the basement that will be built in the excavation.

• Used to locate the precise location of the building.

Brick Arches

Arch with a Keystone Roman

Tudor

Centering – temporary formwork used to support arches during construction

Brick Bonds

Running Bond Wall made entirely of stretchers

Common BondA couple of rows of stretchers with a row of headers

Brick Bonds Cont.• Rowlock• Header• Soldiers• Sailors• Stretcher Rowlock

Brick Sizes

• Modular Brick - 3 ½” x 2 ¼” x 7 ½” • Engineer Norman – 3 ½” x 2 ¾” x 11 ½”

Bulldozer

• A crawler, equipped with a substantial metal plate, used to push large quantities of soil, sand, rubble, etc., during construction work.

CladdingBrick Clad Structure

EIFS Clad Structure

Stone Clad Structure

Cont. on Next Page

Cladding Cont.

Wood Board Clad Structure

Wood Shingle/ Shake

Wood Shingles are sawn and smooth, Wood Shakes and split and usually not smooth. These appeared to be wood shingles.

Code Requirements

Code: Min 10” tread & Max 7 ¾” risers

The Stairs meet the IBC because the risers and tread are within the range of the code

Risers 7 ¼” Tread 11 ¼”

2’6” wide. 3’1” height.Area = 7’7”. 12” sill AFF.

Code: Max sill height of 44” above the floor and a min net opening of 5.7 sq ft

It is up to code because it is larger than 5.7 sq. ft.

Concrete Joints• An intentional, linear discontinuity in a structure or component, designed to form a plane of

weakness where cracking can occur in response to various forces sp as to minimize or eliminate cracking elsewhere in the structure.

• Isolation Joint - A joint, such as an expansion joint, between two adjacent structures which are not in physical contact.

Isolates Column from Slab

Concrete Masonry Unit

• 1 CMU= 3 Brick Courses block of hardened concrete, with or without hollow cores,

designed to be laid in the same manner as a brick or stone; a concrete block.

Nominal (Typical) CMU Dimensions-8” X 8” X 16”

6” and 4”

Decorative Concrete Masonry Units

Split Block Ribbed Block

Doors

Transom- a small window directly above a doorSidelights- a tall narrow window alongside a door

Transom

Sidelight

Panel

Stile

Top Rail

Lock Rail

Bottom Rail

Electrical Components• Transformer box- An electrical device that changes the voltage of

alternating current. • Service Head- A fitting that is placed on the service drop end of service

entrance cable and is designed to minimize the amount of moisture that can enter the cable.

• Meter- A device that measures the amount of electrical energy supplied to or produced by a residence, business or machine.

• Service Panel- Distributes electrical current to the various circuits within a home.

• Duplex Receptacle- Duplex receptacles usually have break-away tabs to separate the top and bottom halves so that the two outlets can be placed on separate circuits.

Pictures on Next Page

Electrical Components

Transformer Box

Service Panel

Service Head

Meter

Duplex Receptacle

Function – an electrical device that changes the voltage of alternating current

Framing Elements1. Anchor Bolt

2. Sill Plate

3. Floor Joist

4. Subflooring

5. Sole Plate

6. Stud

Sole and Sill Plate

Floor JoistStud

Subfloor

Anchor Bolt

Framing Elements7. Top Plate

8. Ceiling Joist

9. Rafter

10. Roof Decking

11. Sheathing

12. Stringer

Top Plate Stringer Sheathing

Roof Decking & Rafter Ceiling Joist

Front End LoaderPrimarily used to load material (asphalt, demolition debris, dirt, feed, gravel, logs, raw minerals, recycled material, rock, sand, wood chips, etc.) into or onto another type of machinery.

Differs from a backhoe and bulldozer by only being able to “scoop” material into its bucket and dump it in another location, not dig holes or scrape off land.

Gypsum Board

• An interior facing panel consisting of a gypsum core sandwiched between paper faces.

• Drywall, Sheetrock, Plasterboard

Heat Pump• Advantage – Heats house efficiently • Disadvantage - Difficult to zone because the furnace supplies air to the

supply ducts at a single temperature

Compressor/ Condenser- Forces air into the supply duct to move over a heating or cooling coil

Air Handling Unit- Cleans and dehumidifies internal air and redistributes the air into the house

Insulation

• Purpose – used to reduce heat flow in OR out of a building

Loose Fill Insulation

Batt Insulation

Rigid Board Insulation

Foam Insulation

Lintel

• A beam that carries the load of a wall across a window or door opening

Steel Lintel

Oriented Strand Board

– OSB is an engineered, non-veneered wood product formed by layering strands or flakes of wood in specific orientations.

– It is manufactured in wide mats from “cross-oriented” layers of thin, rectangular wooden strips compressed and bonded together with wax and resin adhesives.

Plumbing 1

Lavatory1 ½” drain piping

Water Closet3” piping

Manufactured Tub

Plumbing 2

Plumbing Roof Vent

The VTR provides relief of sewer gases, admission of oxygen for aerobic sewage digestion, and maintenance of the trap water seals which prevent sewer gases from entering the building.

Drop-in Sink

Plywood– Layers of chipped wood are glued together, each with its grain at

right angles to adjacent layers for greater strength. There are usually an odd number of plies, as the symmetry makes the board less prone to warping, and the grain on the outside surfaces runs in the same direction. The plies are bonded under heat and pressure.

– Veneer- A thin layer of wood or other material for facing or inlaying wood.

Radiant Barrier

• A reflective foil placed adjacent to a airspace in roof or wall assemblies as a deterrent to the passage of infrared energy

RebarThe deformation in the rebar help it to bond tightly to concrete

This rebar was a #4 because its 4/8 or ½ inch thick

Steep Roof Drainage

• Gutter- a narrow channel forming the component of a roof system which collects and diverts rainwater shed by the roof. A gutter’s purpose is to protect a building's foundation by channeling water away from its base.

• Downspout- A pipe for carrying rain water from a roof or gutter to the ground or to a drain.

• Splash-block- A small masonry block laid with the top close to the ground surface to receive roof drainage from downspouts and to carry it away from the building.

Pictures on Next Page

Steep Roof Drainage

Downspout

Gutter

Splash-Block

Steep Roof Materials• Underlayment – layer of waterproof material used between roof sheathing and

roofing, temporary protection of OSB sheathing before roofing is applied • Shingle – A building material used as siding or roofing• Metal Roof – Roof material that is prefabricated and ready to be set on-site.

Galvanized Steel is usually used.

Underlayment

Clay Tile Roof

Wood Shingle Roof

Metal Panel Roof

Steep Roof Shapes

Gambrel Roof

Hip Roof

Mansard Roof Gable Roof

Steep Roof Terms 1

• Soffit – underside of roof overhang• Eave – the horizontal edge at the low side of a sloping

roof• Rake – Sloping edge of a roof• Fascia – exposed vertical face of an eave• Ridge – level intersection of two roof planes in a gable

roof• Valley – trough formed by two roof slopes• Building without a Fascia – building without exposed

vertical face of an eave

Steep Roof Terms 2

Valley

FasciaRidge

Steep Roof Terms 3

Rake

Building without Fascia

Eave

Soffit

Stone

Coursed Rubble Pattern

Random Rubble Pattern

Coursed Ashlar PatternRandom Coursed Pattern

Vapor Retarder

• Vapor retarder is a layer of material intended to obstruct the passage of water vapor through a building assembly. Installed on the warm-in-winter side of a structure

Waterproofing

• This form of waterproofing is liquid applied• Waterproofing protects the wall from water

seeping in

Weep HoleA weep hole is a small opening left in the outer wall of masonry construction as an outlet for water inside a building to move outside the wall and evaporate.

WindowsSingle-hung Sliding

CasementSingle-hung Window because it’s a window with 2 overlapping sashes, the lower can slide vertically in its track and upper is fixedSliding Window because its a window with 1 fixed sash, and another that moves horizontallyCasement because its a window with a hinged sash that swings in or out like a door comprising either a side-hung, top-hung or occasionally bottom-hung sash or a combination of these types, sometimes with fixed panels on one or more sides of the sash. Usually these windows are operated by a crank.