Visual Dictionary

Air Barrier Paper• Commonly known as a “house wrap”, this white sheet material is

permeable to water vapor but not liquid water.• Air barrier paper serves as temporary protection from weather

elements during the construction of a building.

Attic Ventilation Materials• Soffit Vent- ideal for drawing

cool, fresh air into the attic

• Ridge Vent- installed at the peak of a sloped roof which allows warm, humid air to escape the attic

Attic Ventilation Materials (Cont’d)• Gable Vent- mounted in the top of

the gable to allow the passage of air through the attic.

• Roof Turbine- Exhaust moist, hot air from the attic

Back Hoe• a piece of excavating equipment or digger consisting of a digging

bucket on the end of a two-part arm• Bucket width was 4 feet

Batter Boards• is one of a pair of horizontal boards nailed to posts set at the

corners of an excavation, used to indicate the desired level, also as a fastening for stretched strings to indicate outlines of foundation walls.

Brick Arches• Roman Arch- a brick

structure that spans a space while supporting weight

• Segmental Arch- an arch with inner bricks that form a semicircular pattern

• Arch with a Keystone- a keystone is the stone at the top of the arch that connects the arch

• Centering- the structure upon which the stones of arches are laid during construction.

Brick Bonds• Running Brick Bond-

bricks are simply laid out in rows end to end, in the running bond pattern

• Flemish Brick Bond- it is created by alternately laying headers and stretchers in a single course

Brick Bonds (Cont’d)

Rowlock

Stretcher

Soldier

Brick Bonds (Cont’d)

Header

Sailor

Brick Sizes• Modular Brick- were

introduced to make it easier to insert standard sizes of doors and windows into walls; Dimensions: 3.5 x 2.25 x 7.5 inches

• Standard Brick- typical mortar brick; Dimensions: 3.625 x 2.25 x 8 inches

Bulldozer• Caterpillar tracked

tractor that is equipped with a substantial metal plate, used to push large quantities of soil, sand, and rubble during construction work

Cladding• Brick-Clad

Structure

• EIFS Clad Structure

Cladding (Cont’d)• Stone

Clad Structure with Random Rubble Course Pattern

• Wood Shingle- wooden roof coverings

• Wood Shakes- wooden shingles made from split logs

• We think this picture is shingles

Code RequirementsEgress Window-Width- 31’’Height- 22’’Area- 4.74 ft^2 Still Height AFF- 29’’IBC Requirements: Width- > 34 ¼’’Height- > 24’’Area- > 5.7 ft^2Still Height AFF- < 44’’This window does not

meet IBC requirements

Stair-Tread Dimension- 10 ½’’Riser Dimension- 7 ½’’IBC Requirements:Tread Dimension- >10 ½’’Riser Dimension- <7 ¾’’

These stairs meet IBC requirements

Concrete Joints• Control Joint- a groove

cut into the surface of the concrete that allows some cracking to occur in the joint and not be readily visible

• Isolation joint- Joints that isolate the slab from a wall, column or drainpipe

• This isolation joint was separating a beam

Concrete Masonry Unit• CMU is a large

rectangular brick used in construction

• Typical Dimensions:• 8’’ x 8’’ x 16’’

Decorative Concrete Masonry Units

• Split Block Ribbed Block

Doors• Sidelight

• Flush

• Transom

Doors (Cont’d)

• 2 Panel Door

Panel

Stile

Top Rail Lock Rail

Bottom Rail

Electrical Components• Power Pole- used to support both electric

power distribution lines and telecommunications cables, as well as their associated equipment

• Transformer Box- a device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another through inductively coupled conductors—the transformer's coils

• Service Head- is a weatherproof entry point for above-ground electrical wiring or telephone lines into a home or business

• Meter- is a device that measures the amount of electrical energy supplied to or produced by a residence, business or machine

Electrical Components (Cont’d)• Service Panel- a component of an

electricity supply system which divides an electrical power feed into subsidiary circuits

• Duplex Receptacle- connectors used for mains electricity

Framing Elements1) Anchor Bolt

2) Sill Plate

3) Floor Joists

Framing Elements (Cont’d)

4) Subflooring

5) Sole Plate

6) Stud

Framing Elements (Cont’d) 7) Top Plate

8) Ceiling Joist

and

9) Rafter

10) Roof Decking

Framing Elements (Cont’d)11) Sheathing

12) Stringer

Front End Loader• is a heavy equipment machine

(often used in construction) that is primarily used to "load" material into or onto another type of machinery

Gypsum Board• Gypsum Board-

constructing interior walls and ceilings using panels made of gypsum plaster pressed between two thick sheets of paper, then kiln dried.

Heat Pump• Advantage: can change

conditions rapidly and also control humidity

• Disadvantage: they are noisy and difficult to zone

• Compressor/Condenser- the exterior unit of heat pump. A fan pulls air across a line of refrigerant and changes temperature. This adds heat for the winter and is reversed in the summer to let heat out

• Air Handling Unit- moves and conditions air through duct work. A fan sucks in new and return air and re-circulates it

Insulation• Insulation: A material

that has a low thermal conductivity. Used to reduce heat flow in a building. Keeps building warm in the winter and cool in the summer.

Batt Blanket

Loose Fill

Insulation (Cont’d) Foamed

Rigid Board

Lintel• Lintel: A beam that

carries the load of a wall over the opening such as a door or window

Mortar• Mortar #1:Extruded Tooled Joint½ ‘’ JointApartment BuildingPossibly Type N Mortar

• Mortar #2:Concave Troweled Joint¼’’ JointRetaining Wall on CampusPossibly Type O Mortar

Oriented Strand Board• A non-veneered

building panel composed of long shreds of wood fiber oriented in specific directions bonded together under pressure.

Plumbing• Lavatory-1 ½’’ Drainage Pipe

• Water Closet-3’’ Drainage Pipe

Shower and

Tub Unit

Plumbing (Cont’d)• VTR (Vent Through Roof)- Part

of drainage system, the vent allows air to flow and noxious gases to escape

• Sink- Flush mount sink

Plywood• Plywood: a wood

panel composed of an odd number of layers of wood veneer bound together under pressure

• Veneer: a thin layer, sheet, or facing. Made from slicing thin pieces from a tree

Radiant Barrier• Radiant Barrier: a

reflective foil placed adjacent to an airspace in roof or wall assemblies as a deterrent to the passage of infrared energy

• This barrier reduces heating and cooling costs.

Rebar• The rebar shown is #4

½’’

• The deformations on the bars are made so that when the bars are embedded in concrete, there is more surface area for the concrete to hold onto, increasing the strength of the bond

Steep Roof Drainage• Gutter- channel that collects

rainwater runoff

• Downspout- metal tube that carries rainwater from gutter to ground

Seep Roof Drainage (Cont’d)• Splashblock- a piece of plastic or

other durable material that is laid under downspout. Diverts water from base of the house

Steep Roof Materials• Roof Underlayment: protects

the roof sheathing and structure from moisture

• Wood Shingle Roof:Shingle- small units of water

resistant materials laid onto roof in overlapping patterns to make roof watertight

Steep Roof Materials (Cont’d)• Clay Tile Roof

• Performed Metal Roof: typically made from galvanized or aluminum steel

Steep Roof Shapes

• Gable Roof

• Hip Roof

Steep Roof Shapes (Cont’d)• Gambrel Roof

• Mansard Roof

Steep Roof Terms

Rake- The sloping edge of a steep roof

Eave- the horizontal edge of a sloping roof slope

Fascia – horizontal surface which spans across the top of columns

Steep Roof Terms (Cont’d)

Ridge- where two roof panels meetValley- a trough formed by the intersection of two roof slopes

Soffit – the horizontal underside of an overhang

Stone• Random Rubble

• Coursed Rubble

• Random Ashlar

• Coursed Ashlar

Vapor Retarder• Vapor Retarder- a layer of

material intended to obstruct the passage of water vapor through a building assembly

• Most commonly put on the warm side of the building during the winter

Waterproofing• Waterproofing: an impervious

membrane applied to the outside of a foundation. Used to prevent water from leaking into the building.

• The waterproofing here is fully adhered

Weep Hole• Weep Hole- a small

opening whose purpose is to permit drainage of water that accumulates inside a building component or wall assembly

Weld Wire Fabric• This weld wire fabric

measures 6” x 6”

Windows

• Awning- This is an awning because it swings open from bottom up

• Casement: this is an out-swinging casement window because it is hinged along the side of the window

• Single-Hung- this is single-hung because one panel can move up and down. One window slides up and down on track