Air Barrier Paper

• A sheet material used to keep both vapor away and act as an air barrier. It is applied to the raw sheathing of a building

Attic Ventilation

• Ridge Vent- allows air flow in and out of the attic and prevents moisture build-up

Attic Venelation

• Soffit Vent- used to help the flow of air in and out of the attic as well as the prevention of moisture build-up

Attic Ventilation Cont.

• Gable Vent- attic vents are used to keep attics cool and free of moisture. This is done by moving large amount of air through the space, and this vent aids in the process.

Attic Ventilation Cont.

• Roof Turbine- used to help the flow of air in and out of attic to prevent moisture build-up

Backhoe

• A piece of equipment used in the excavation of earth. It consists of a digging bucket on the end of a hydraulic arm. This backhoe had a bucket width of 4’.

Batter Boards

• Batter Boards are wooden boards that are placed as guides for the initial surveying, excavation, and grading. These give a rough outline of the building.

Brick Arches

• Roman Arch

Brick Arches

• Segmental Arch

Brick Arch w/Keystone

Centering

• Temporary frame work for an arch, dome, or vault.

Brick Bonds #1 and #2

• #1- Running Bond- Brick Bond in which entire course consist of stretchers.

• #2- Flemish Bond- Brick Bond consist of 1 header and 1 stretcher alternating on each course.

Brick Bonds

• Rowlocks

• Headers

Brick Bonds• Sailors

• Soldiers

Brick Bonds• Stretcher Rowlocks (Shiners)

Brick Sizes

• Brick Size #1

• Brick Size #2

KING SIZE BRICK: This brick is 3 5/8” x3 5/8” x 8” which larger than a standard size.

MODULAR BRICK: This is a standard size brick which dimensions are 3 ½” x2 ¾” x8”

Bulldozer

• A machine equipped with tracks and a large blade used for the movement, or removal of earth during construction work.

Cladding

• Brick Clad Structure

• EFIS Clad Structure

Cladding Cont.

• Stone Clad Structure (coursed ashlar)

Cladding Cont.• Wood Board Clad

Structure

• Wood Shingle Clad Structure Wood shingles: Lightweight shingles used in siding or roofing made from wood that are sawed on all sides.

Wood shake: Lightweight shingles used in siding or roofing made from wood that are split instead of sawn on all sides.

Code Requirements

• This window meets the code requirement having atleast 5.7 sq. ft. of open area for egress. Minimum clear opening height of 24", Minimum clear opening width of 20". Bottom of clear opening not more than 44" above finished floor. 36" x 28"=7 sq. ft.

Height: 28”

Width: 36”

Height AFF: 28”

Area: 7sq ft.

Code Requirements

• Stairs Studied:Code Requirements- Tread must be minimum of 7”, and riser max is 7 ¾”, and nose must be between 3/4 “ and 1 ¼” when solid riser and tread depth is under 11”.

The riser on these stairs were 6 inches the tread was 10 inches, the nose was 1”, therefore these stairs meet code requirement.

NOSE

RISER

TREAD

Concrete Joints

• Control Joint-a tooled joint to control where it should crack as a result of shrinkage.

Concrete Joints

• Isolation Joint-Tooled joint that totally separates one concrete element from another.

• This Isolation joint separates two slabs

Concrete Masonry Unit (CMU)

• Man made concrete units that are usually rectangular in shape. The blocks usually have hollow cores, and are stacked upon one another. As the blocks are stacked they are held together by mortar. The typical nominal dimension are 8"x 8"x 16" and is equal to 3 courses of Brick.

CMU Cont.

• CMU size #1

• CMU size #2

Decorative Concrete Masonry Units

• Split Block

• Ribbed split-face block

Doors

• Exterior Flush Door

Doors Cont.

• Exterior Panel Doors

Bottom Rail

Top Rail

Lock Rail

S t i l e

6 Panels

Doors Cont.• Transom- a transverse beam or bar in a frame, or to the crosspiece

separating a door or the like from a window or fanlight above it.• Sidelight- windows on either side of a door

Transom

Sidelight

Electrical Components

• Power Pole w/Transformer - Power Pole- used to keep wires above

ground at a safe height Transformer- converts electricity from high

to low voltage

• Underground Transformer- Transformer constructed underground for

particular underground needs

Electrical Components Cont.

• Service Head- electrical entrance used to reduced the aesthetic effects on a building

• Meter-device used to measure the amount of electricity used by a residence, business, or machine

Meter

Service Head

Electrical Components Cont.

• Service Panel- a service panel provides 100, 200, or more amps of power to a home

• Duplex Receptacle- usually have break-away tabs to separate the top and bottom halves so that the two outlets can be placed on separate circuits

Duplex Receptacle Service Panel

Framing Elements

• #1 Anchor Bolt- Bolt sunk into the slab or footing during construction in order to tie the walls of the building to the slab or footing. Anchor bolts are generally located on exterior walls.

Framing Elements Cont.

• #2 Sill Plate- The sill plate lies on top of a concrete or masonry foundation in wood frame construction.

Framing Elements Cont.

• #3 Floor Joist- Floor joist are placed below the subflooring in all types of framing.

• #4 Subflooring- Subflooring is placed on top of the floor joists in all types of framing.

Framing Elements Cont.

• #5 Sole Plate- A 2 x 4 which is anchored to the slab or sub floor in order to secure the stud walls to the floor.

• #6 Stud- Vertical member of a wall. Spaced closely together in order to give the wall strength.

Framing Elements Cont.

• #7 Top Plate- Top plates are placed on top of framed walls, double top plates throughout a house help the sturdiness of the walls greatly especially when framing is still going on.

• #8 Ceiling Joist- Ceiling joists are framed on top of the top plates and not only provide structural strength, they also provide a base for gypsum board to be applied.

Framing Elements Cont.

• #9 Rafter- Rafters run up and down the slope of a roof.

• #10 Roof Decking-Roof decking is the structural surface to which roofing materials are attached.

Framing Elements Cont.

• #11 Sheathing- the outside curtain of a building, that the veneer will be attached.

• #12 Stringer- bottom part of a set of stirs

Front End Loader

• A front end loader is used for the movement of earth from one location to another. However, it is different from a backhoe because it is not designed for deep digging, and it is different from a bulldozer because it is used to pick up dirt and move it to another location rather than pushing it.

Gypsum Board

• An interior wall covering that is made up of gypsum and paper. Gypsum is a white mineral made of hydrous calcium sulfate that is also used to make plaster.

Heat Pump

• Advantage: Fairly inexpensive initial cost

• Disadvantage: Very inefficient when comparing the ratio of useful heat to energy input

Heat Pump• Compressor/Condenser-

• Air Handling Unit- The air handling unit takes the air and runs it over the condenser coils which heats up the air.

Insulation

• Batt or Blanket Insulation-helps reduce unwanted heat loss or gain in a building.

• Loose Fill Insulation-helps reduce unwanted heat loss or gain in a building.

Insulation Cont.

• Foamed Insulation-helps reduce unwanted heat loss or gain in a building.

• Rigid Board Insulation-helps reduce unwanted heat loss or gain in a building.

Lintel

• Lintel- A beam that carries a load across an opening such as windows or doors.

Mortar

• Mortar Joint #1• Concave, 3/8”

Scoreboard,N type mortar

• Mortar Joint #2• Tooled, 3/8”, office

building, S type mortar

Oriented Strand Board (OSB)

• Oriented Strand Board(OSB)- A non-veneered panel product, it is composed of long shreds of wood fiber oriented in specific direction and bonded together under pressure. The sheet in this picture is a 4'x8' sheet.

Plumbing

• Lavatory- a fixed bowl/basin with running water and drainage for washing. Basically, it’s a bathroom sink and it uses a 1 1/2" drain.

• Water closet (uses 3” drain)

Plumbing Cont.

• Manufactured shower or tub

• Roof Vent (VTR)- The plumbing vent allows for ventilation of sewage gases and introduces oxygen for sewage digestion.

Plumbing Cont.

• Drop-in Kitchen sink

Plywood

• A wood panel product that is made of thin sheets of wood veneer, called plys which are stacked together in adjacent facing layers. The plys are bonded under heat and pressure with strong adhesives, making plywood a type of composite material.

• Veneer- a thin layer, sheet, or facing.

Radiant Barrier

• a reflective foil placed adjacent ton an airspace in roof or wall assemblies as a deterrent to the passage of infrared energy.

RebarThe rebar is #7 meaning it is 7/8”. The deformations in the rebar make it more secure in the concrete; It allows the concrete to “grip” the rebar.

Steep Roof Drainage

• Gutter: Narrow channel that collects the run off from a steep roof.

• Downspout: Vertical pipe that carries rain water down from a roof gutter.

Steep Roof Drainage Cont

• Splash block: A pad that is placed at the bottom end of a down spout, that diverts water away from the building.

Steep Roof Materials

• Underlayment- often called roofing felt is placed on top of the roof decking. Underlayment is installed so that each sheet overlaps the other for added moisture protection.

Steep Roof Materials Cont.

• Clay tile roof

• Shingle- a small unit of water-resistant material nailed in overlapping fashion with many other such units to render a wall or sloping roof watertight. Picture of metal shingles

Steep Roof Materials Cont.

• Metal panel roof- this particular roof is constructed out of aluminized steel.

Steep Roof Shapes

• Gable Roof

• Gambrel Roof

Steep Roof Shapes Cont.

• Hip Roof

• Mansard Roof

Steep Roof Terms• Ridge- The uppermost, horizontal external

angle formed by the intersection of two sloping roof planes

• Valley- The internal angle formed by the intersection of two sloping roof planes

• Eave- The horizontal, lower edge of a sloped roof

• Soffit- The finished underside of the eaves

Steep Roof Terms Cont.

• Rake- The inclined edge of a sloped roof over a wall

• Fascia- A flat, horizontal board enclosing the overhang under the eave

• Building without Fascia

Stone

• Random Rubble

• Coursed Rubble

Stone

• Random Ashlar

• Coursed Ashlar

Vapor RetarderAny material, typically a plastic of foil sheet, that resists passage of moisture through a wall, ceiling, or floor of a building. It helps prevent exterior moisture from penetrating into and condensing unheated attics, basements, crawlspaces, and wall cavities. It is most commonly placed on the warm in winter side of insulation.

WaterproofingLoosely laid waterproofing- keeps water from leaking into areas of house. If water enters the house it can cause molding.

Weep HoleSmall openings that allow drainage of water that accummulates between the brick wall and the back up wall.

Welded Wire FabricThe WWF grid measured 6”x6”

Windows

This window is a casement window is attached at one side by hinges. Usually located on the window frame is a lever attached to an arm that can be turned to open and close the window.

Windows continued

Sliding Window: both pains slide along the tracks located on the top and bottom of the window. It's a sliding window because the window slides along the tracks.

Windows continued

Double Hung Window: a window in which both sashes slide up and down on the rail.