Visual Dictionary

By: Zac Bulger

Air Barrier Paper- a sheet material used to wrap a house, and seal it up. Air Barrier Paper helps control the passing through of air and water vapor in and out of the house.

Attic Ventilation- ventilation used to let water vapor escape and to keep temperatures in attics down due to solar heat.

Attic Ventilation (Con’t)

Soffit Vent- vent located in the overhang of a roof. Soffit vents let air into the attic.

Ridge Vent- vent located along the ridge board of a roof. This vent is used to let air out.

Attic Ventilation (Con’t)

Gable Vent- vent located at the rake ends of a gable or gambrel roof home. They exhaust the attic, some maybe electric.

Roof Turbine- a vent located on the plane of a roof that exhausts the attic by spinning during a breeze.

BackhoeA backhoe is a piece of construction equipment that is used to move earth.One of the most common jobs preformed by a backhoe is digging footings. A backhoe can dig footings in half the time that it would normally take people. This backhoe has a 24” bucket.

Batter Boards- a temporary frame built outside the area of excavation. Batter boards are used to temporarily show the outside, horizontal dimensions of the future footings.

Brick Arches

Segmental Arch Roman Arch

Brick Arch W/ Keystone

Centering- Temporary structure used to support a brick arch during construction

Brick BondsCommon Bond- A course of headers are laid every 6th course.

Running Bond- each course contains stretchers that center the mortar joints of the previous course.

Brick bonds (Con’t)

Rowlocks- Bricks laid with smallest face vertical.

Headers- bricks laid with smallest face horizontal.

Rowlocks

Headers

Brick Bonds (Con’t)Soldiers- Bricks laid vertical, with the long narrow face out. Sailors- Bricks laid vertical, with wide and long face out.Rowlock stretcher- Bricks laid horizontal, with long wide face out.

Soldier

Rowlock stretcher

sailors

Brick Sizes

Modular Brick- 3½”x2 ¼”x7 ½” Standard Brick- 3½“x2 ¼ x8”

Bulldozer- construction equipment used for the purpose of clearing or grading a job site.

Cladding- A material used as the exterior wall enclosure of a building.

Brick CladdingEFIS (Exterior Insulation and finish system)

Cladding (Con’t)

Stone Cladding- Coursed ashlars Board and Batten

Cladding (Con’t)

Wood Shingles- sawn pieces of redwood or cedar heartwood that are used to clad a house. Wood Shakes- split pieces of redwood or cedar heartwood that are used to clad a house.

Code RequirementsBedroom egress window- 25” high, 28”wide, area of 5.9 sq. ft. and 22” AFF. IBC states that a min. Of 24” high, 20” wide, and area of 5.7 sq. ft.; also, no more than 44” AFF.

Stair requirements for residences are a 7¾” max. riser and a 10” min. tread. This set of stairs meets building code they have a 7½” riser and a 11 ¼ “ tread .

Concrete JointsControl Joint- intentional joint put in a continuous structure to allow a weak point for cracking.

Isolation Joint- Joint put in a slab to separate one structure from another.

Control joint

crack

crack

Concrete Masonry Unit- block of hardened concrete, with or without hollow cores designed to be laid like brick. CMU’s are most commonly 8”x8”x16” which makes them equal in height to 3 courses of brick.

• CMU’s are available in 3 different widths, each size is 8” tall by 16” high, but the width varies from 4”, 8”, or 12”.

Decorative Concrete Masonry Units

Split face block Ribbed split face block

Doors

Exterior flush door Exterior panel door Top rail

stile

Bottom rail

Lock rail

DoorsTransom- small window directly above door.

Sidelight- tall narrow window directly beside door.

Electrical ComponentsPower Pole- the source of power to a house. It has a step-down transformer that drops voltage to a useable level.

Service Head- conduit run to the top of the house that has a weather head. The head connects three wires from the pole to the house. The three wires (2 hot, 1 neutral) run through the conduit to a service meter.

Electrical ComponentsMeter- the device that is used to measure the amount of power used by the house.

Service Panel- the control center of the houses electrical system. It contains the main disconnect and all the breakers that act as fuses.

Electrical Components• Duplex receptacle- after the wires leave the breaker they go to

many different things including the duplex receptacle. This is the device that serves as a outlet of power to different appliances

Framing Elements

#1 -Anchor Bolt #2-Sill Plate

Framing Elements (Con’t)

#3-Floor Joist #4-Subflooring

Framing Elements

#5-Sole Plate #6-Stud

Framing Element

#7- Top Plate #8-Ceiling joist

Framing Elements

#9- Rafter #10-Roof decking

Framing Elements

#11- Sheathing #12-Stringer

Front End Loader- construction equipment used to move loose soil. The front bucket is able to scoop up the soil and move it to a place to be stored.

Gypsum Board- an interior facing panel with a gypsum core between two paper faces.

Heat Pump- an advantage to heat pumps is their rapid response to temperature change, But a disadvantage is the difficulty to zone a area to maintain a separate temperature as the rest of the house.

Compressor/Condenser- exterior component used to pump refrigerant through system.

Air Handling Unit- interior component. Used to condition air and circulate it through a house.

Insulation- used to form a container around spaces with conditioned air to help maintain a set temperature.

Batt or Blanket- (batt insulation was installed around the attic door instead of loose fill.)

Loose Fill

Insulation

Foamed Rigid Board

Lintel A lintel is used to carry the load of a wall across a window or door opening. This lintel is made of reinforced concrete.

MortarConcave joint- A tooled joint with 3/8” mortar. This joint is on a office building. The mortar used was most likely type N.

Extruding Joint- a nearly unfinished joint with 3/8” mortar joints. The mortar used was probably type N

Oriented Strand Board- a panel material that is not veneered. OSB is manufactured by compressing wood particles and gluing them into 3-5

sheets.

Plumbing

Lavatory- drained with 1½” piping. Water Closet- drained with 3” piping.

Plumbing

Manufactured Shower

Plumbing Roof Vent- vent used to keep drain and waste lines at atmospheric pressure. This prevents suction in piping.

Drop-in Kitchen Sink

Plywood- wood panel made by gluing veneers together with 2 parallel grain faces and crossbands that are perpendicular to each other.

Veneers are thin sheets of wood

Radiant Barrier- reflective foil placed adjacent to a air space in roof or wall to prevent passing of infrared energy. This example is of a radiant barrier facing put on batt insulation and installed around a attic door.

Rebar- the rebar shown is #4, which means the diameter is ½”. Rebar is used to add strength to concrete. The raised deformations on the rebar helps bond the concrete to the rebar.

Steep Roof Drainage

Gutter- a channel that collects rainwater and snowmelt along the eave of the roof

Downspout- Vertical piping used to carry water from the gutter to the ground.

Gutter

Downspout

Steep Roof Drainage

Splash block- small precast bock of concrete or plastic used to direct water a the bottom of a downspout

Splash block

Steep Roof MaterialsUnderlayment- a waterproof material like building felt used between roof sheathing and roofing. It is protecting the roof decking from water.

Clay Tile Roof

Steep Roof MaterialsShingles- small waterproof units nailed overlapping one another to make a roof water tight.

Metal Panel Roof- preformed metal panels made of galvanized or aluminum sheets.

Steep Roof Shapes

Gable Roof Gambrel Roof

Steep Roof Shapes

Hip Roof Mansard Roof

Steep Roof Terms

Ridge- the level intersection of two roof planes on a gable roof.

Ridge

Steep Roof TermsValley- a trough formed by the intersection of two roof slopes.

Eave- the horizontal edge at the low side of a sloping roof.

Eave

Steep Roof TermsRake- the sloping edge of a steep roof

Soffit- the undersurface of a horizontal eave of a building.

Rake

Soffit

Steep Roof TermsBuilding without Fascia

Fascia- Exposed vertical face of an eave.

Fascia

Stone

Random Rubble- Coursed Rubble-

Stone

Random Ashlar Coursed Ashlar

Vapor Retarder- a layer of material used to obstruct the passage of water vapor through a buildings assembly. It is usually placed on the warm-in-winter side of a assembly.

Waterproofing- membrane applied to the outside of a foundation wall used to prevent the passing of water. This membrane was liquid applied.

Weep Hole- a small opening made between two bricks without mortar in the joint. Weep holes allow water to drain out of a buildings assembly.

Welded Wire Fabric

WindowsSingle-Hung window- has two sashes but only one sash will slide in its tracks to open or shut.

Double-Hung window- has two sashes that both move along tracks to open and shut.

WindowsAwning window- the sash rotates outward from its frame and hinges from the top.