CCS - liquid logistics shipping concept - Anthony Veder Vopak

Preliminary resultsPreliminary results

GCCSI StudyLiquid logistic Shipping Concept

Lessons learned to date

5/13/2011 1

Rotterdam May 11th, 2011

Michael Tetteroo & Cees van der Ben


CINTRA logistic concept

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• Bulk making/breaking for off shore CO2 storage• Intermediate Storage• Combine and link pipeline systems and barging/shipping routes: 4 routes• Provide independent custody transfer metering (for ETS)• Network building block (at rivers and coast lines)


Hub service: CO2 transfer barge/ship pipe

PIPE

BARGE/SHIP

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PIPE


CO2 Transport and Storage systems

• Transport from the Emitters via pipelines or barges;

• Collecting CO2 in storage tanks at the CO2 Hub;

• Loading sea vessels for transport to depleted offshore gas fields.

Liquefaction at the Emitter’s siteor at the CO2 Hub

Connecting Hub

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• Locking the sea vessel to a floating turret or loading tower linked with the sub-sea system of the depleted gas field;

• Injecting the CO2 into the porous rocks (depleted gas or oil field or aquifers, at required temp’s and pressures ;

• As an alternative, mooring near a platform for discharging the CO2 into a depleted field via the platform utilities

• Ship is designed to carry both CO2 and LPG

Connecting Hubto offshore trunk line


Hub Concept Organic Growth Model:Asset build up follows the volume build-up

Source 1 Source 2

1. Early scheme: single source flow too small to justify off shore pipe

Source 3 Source 4 Source n

3. Final mature scheme:

12 2

3

5/13/2011 5Sink 1 Sink 1

Sink 3: EORat oil field

Sink 2 Sink n

pipe

2. Intermediate scheme: two combined flows do allow for an off shore pipe => ship moves into alternative CO2 or LPG service

3. Final mature scheme:multiple sources & sinks, both depleted reservoirs and EOR at production wells

1

2

Ship now could become pipe

line for 2 sources

2

Potentially ship that

used to sail on sink 1

33


GCCSI LLSC study: lessons learned to date

General• Start engineering at the sink• Minimize CO2 composition requirements• Combining multiple emitters in one network is technically feasible. • No metallurgical/corrosion issues found other than water: dry at the

sourceSHE• No items of concern encountered• Low vessel collision risk due to high LCO density

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• Low vessel collision risk due to high LCO2 density• On shore pipeline through busy areas: 40 barCompression• Up to 100 bar: bull gear compressor (bull gear), beyond: pump.• Moderate ambient temperatures: no power consumption difference

between compression or compression/liquefaction/pumping.Pipeline• In dense phase in order to minimize costs.



Liquefaction• Optimum CO2 liquefaction condition: -50 ˚C, 7 bara.• Combining parallel compression and liquefaction in one

machine feasible.Storage• Terminal minimum storage volume: 10,000 m3

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• Terminal minimum storage volume: 10,000 m3

• Min. costs/m3: > 2000 m3 shop fabricated spheres• Other considerations may call for horizontal bullets.Legislation

Biggest remaining uncertainties: • CO2 custody transfer: who, when and to whom• Monitoring requirements in the mean time


2.5

3

3.5

Ship transport capacity [mmt/yr]

• Loading & discharge 2000 t/hr• Sailing speed 15 kts• Voyage related spare 1 day


ship sizes

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0

0.5

1

1.5

2

0

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100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

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750

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850

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950

10,000 cbm ship

30,000 cbm ship

Distance [nm]


LLSC mission statement

400

450

• Depleted gas field NS • Stand alone operation• Stay above hydrate formation bottom hole temperature: 13 ˚C• Challenges: � all solvable

� Intermittent flow � Pressure over sink life time: 150 – 400 bar at well head

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0

50

100

150

200

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0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

Time line (years)

Sh

ip m

an

ifo

ld p

ressu

re (

bara

)


Shipping

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• LPG/CO2 carrier• 30,000 m3

• Stand alone operation• Onboard conditioning• Key challenge: uptime

• Conventional • X - bow

Source Anthony Veder, X-Bow® IP of Ulstein Sea of Solutions

Source: AnthonyVeder – IP Anthony Veder


Conventional hull

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LOA 210 m DP 2

B 33.6 m Sailing speed 17kts (lpg trade)

T 11 m Gradual power generation build



CO2Conditioning

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Rotterdam distance to sinks

Dutch sinks are all within the 400 km range.

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Barging/shipping• No CO2 venting/re-liquefaction in transit• Barge max. LOA 135 m → 150 m in the future• Max barge size Ruhrgebiet → R’dam: 7500 tonnes (Ruhrgebiet →

Karlsruhe: 6000 tonnes)• Required ship sizes: 10,000 - 30,000 m3

• Ship min. required off loading temperature: 0 ˚C• => sea water suffices as heat source for LCO2 “vaporization”


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• => sea water suffices as heat source for LCO2 “vaporization”Ship off loading• HP pressure CO2 unmanned off loading: technically feasible at

acceptable uptimes in deep and shallow water.• Depleted reservoir’s existing wells require retubing• Ship → sink batch injection technically feasible, multiple wells likely

to be required flow wise.• Tubing: low temperature material of construction.



Costs: contract duration

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Pipeline system tariffs are hurt the most by short term contracts


Source: IEA GHG, 2004

Transportation Costs: insight evolution

LNG CO2

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CO2 CO2



Costs

• CO2 transportation is to be considered as a regular infra structural project: 20+ year contract durations

• CO2 liquefaction’s energy intensity is relatively low => cost break even distances are

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cost break even distances are1. for on shore pipe versus barge: 200 km (and not 1500 km)

2. for off shore pipe versus ship: 150 km (and not 750 km)

• Depending on flow and distance the transportation costs may vary from 20 to 120 €/ton (20 year contract)

• Combining multiple emitters in one system is paramount to make CCS affordable, especially for industrial (smaller) emitters


THANK YOU

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QUESTIONS?


BACKUP SLIDES

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Which transport solution to choose cost wise

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Transportation tariffs

5/13/2011 21From capture flange to storage well head; 20 year take or pay











CO2 Hub Process Flow Diagram

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Business

CCS - liquid logistics shipping concept - Anthony Veder Vopak