Chapter 6 nutrition f4

6.1 Types of Nutrition Types of Nutrition

Autotrophic Organism that synthesised complex organic

molecules from inorganic molecules

HeterotrophicObtain energy and organic compunds from

other organism

Photosynthesis Chemosynthesis

• Photoautotrophs• Absorb light

energy and produce organic molecules from C0₂ and H₂0

• Chemoautotrophs• Organism

synthesises organic molecules using energy obtaines from oxidation of inorganic substances

• Nitrosomonas – ammnium nitrate

• Nitrobacter: nitrate nitrate

Holozoic

Saprophytic Parasitic

• Ingestion: taking in large and complex molecules

• Digestion: breakdown of large particles into smaller particles and chemically digested by enzymes

• Absorption: movement of dissolved substance across plasma membrane into cells

• Assimilation: utilisation of absorbed food in the body

• Egestion: Elimination of waste from the body

• Feed on dead decaying matter

• Mucor & Rhizopus

• Obtain nutrients from other living organism

• Tapeworm, Fleas, Lice

6.2 Balanced diet

Balanced diet consists of 7 classes of food

Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins

Mineral salts

H₂0 Dietary fibres

Provides • Energy for cellular metabolism • Growth and development • Maintain good health

Factors affecting daily energy requirements of different individuals

Factors Details

Age • Children require more energy for growth – high metabolic rate

Sex • Male adult has higher energy requirement than female

Body size & weight

• Bigger body size and weight require more energy for basal metabolism

Occupation • Heavy jobs require more energy

Pregnancy & lactation

• Breast feeding mothers require more energy

Climate • People from cold climate country require more energy to maintain optimum body temperature

6.2 Balanced diet – Determination of Energy Value in Food Samples

6.2 Balanced diet – Determination of Energy Value in Food Samples

6.2 Balanced diet – Vitamins

Fat Soluble Vitamins

6.2 Balanced diet – Vitamins

Water Soluble Vitamins

6.2 Balanced diet – Vitamins

Minerals

70% of total body weight

Amount needed depends on environmental condition

Water loss from urine, sweat, faeces and evaporation during breathing

7 Functions: • Component of protoplasm • Solvent • Medium for biochemical reaction • Component of blood plasma: transport

medium for nutrients, respiratory gases, waste substances

• Regulates body temperature • Production of digestive juices, mucus,

tears and synovial fluid • Maintain osmotic pressure