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6.1 Types of Nutrition Types of Nutrition
Autotrophic Organism that synthesised complex organic
molecules from inorganic molecules
HeterotrophicObtain energy and organic compunds from
other organism
Photosynthesis Chemosynthesis
• Photoautotrophs• Absorb light
energy and produce organic molecules from C0₂ and H₂0
• Chemoautotrophs• Organism
synthesises organic molecules using energy obtaines from oxidation of inorganic substances
• Nitrosomonas – ammnium nitrate
• Nitrobacter: nitrate nitrate
Holozoic
Saprophytic Parasitic
• Ingestion: taking in large and complex molecules
• Digestion: breakdown of large particles into smaller particles and chemically digested by enzymes
• Absorption: movement of dissolved substance across plasma membrane into cells
• Assimilation: utilisation of absorbed food in the body
• Egestion: Elimination of waste from the body
• Feed on dead decaying matter
• Mucor & Rhizopus
• Obtain nutrients from other living organism
• Tapeworm, Fleas, Lice
6.2 Balanced diet
Balanced diet consists of 7 classes of food
Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins
Mineral salts
H₂0 Dietary fibres
Provides • Energy for cellular metabolism • Growth and development • Maintain good health
Factors affecting daily energy requirements of different individuals
Factors Details
Age • Children require more energy for growth – high metabolic rate
Sex • Male adult has higher energy requirement than female
Body size & weight
• Bigger body size and weight require more energy for basal metabolism
Occupation • Heavy jobs require more energy
Pregnancy & lactation
• Breast feeding mothers require more energy
Climate • People from cold climate country require more energy to maintain optimum body temperature
6.2 Balanced diet – Determination of Energy Value in Food Samples
6.2 Balanced diet – Determination of Energy Value in Food Samples
6.2 Balanced diet – Vitamins
Fat Soluble Vitamins
6.2 Balanced diet – Vitamins
Water Soluble Vitamins
6.2 Balanced diet – Vitamins
Minerals
70% of total body weight
Amount needed depends on environmental condition
Water loss from urine, sweat, faeces and evaporation during breathing
7 Functions: • Component of protoplasm • Solvent • Medium for biochemical reaction • Component of blood plasma: transport
medium for nutrients, respiratory gases, waste substances
• Regulates body temperature • Production of digestive juices, mucus,
tears and synovial fluid • Maintain osmotic pressure