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main terms in sociolinguistics
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Sociolinguistics
Week 1
What is sociolinguistics?
• Sociolinguistics is a branch of Linguistics that studies the relationship between language and its social function.
Sociology of Language
• This field studies a specific social problem related to a specific use of language in a specific social context.
• Etnography: focuses on the use of language in a particular place, not in a particular area of the language.
• Ethnolinguistics: studies the structure of language, focuses on a particular area of the language. (grammar, phonology, etc.)
• Dialect: a dialect is a variation of a language. Nevertheless, it is still the same language. Por ejemplo, el español hablado en México y el español que se habla en Argetina; a pesar de sus diferencias ambos son español.
• Accent: accent refers to phonological variations of a language.
• Idiolect: It is a person‘s specific, unique way of speaking
• Register: the way which a person speak, could be formal or informal.
• Speech community: a speech community is inside a dialect. It is spoken by a group of people that only understand the language if they are part of that community.
• Jargon: it is a group of words used in a specific field, mainly at work. Only people related to such field are
able to understand the jargon.
• Mutual intelligibility: It is a relationship of mutual understanding between different dialects. If two speakers speak differently but stillunderstand each other, they speakthe same language.
• Dialect continuum: a range of dialects that are mutually intelligible between their neighbours but toodifferent from those far away.
• Pidgin: it is a simplified language developed “because of a need”for understanding between two or more groups of different speakers. It is spoken by a group of people for a specific porpuse.
• Creole (language): It is a stable language that originated from a pidgin after several gerenations of use.
Bilingualism
Coordinated: languages are learned in two different geographyc places.
Compound: both languages are learned at the same place.
-Interference: use of
some words that you
have taken from
another language that
you speak.
-Code-switching:
when you are
speaking in a certain
language and
suddenly you switch
into a different
language.
Translation:
translation from one
language to another.
• Lingua Franca: a language that is widely used by speakers of different languages to communnicate with one another, mostly English.
English as spoken in the world
• Vernacular Language: the standard native language of a country or locality.
A variety of such everyday language specific to a social group or region: e.g. the vernaculars of New York City.
• Research question: main question; the basis of an investigation.
• Quantitative Approach: the investigation is based on getting results in numbers.
• Qualitative Approach: research based on getting results and data from interviews.
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