Industrialization and reform slideshare

Industrialization and Reform

Essential Questions -How did industrialization, social reform, and philosophical movements influence the direction of American life?

How did people respond to the new challenges of industrial life?

3 Revolutions (1820s-1850s)

• Economic

• Social Reform

• Political (next week)

The Marshall Court Decisions

• Fletcher v. Peck

• Dartmouth v. Woodward(Daniel Webster )

– States cannot impair the obligation of contracts

The Marshall Court Decisions

• Gibbons v. Ogden

– Fed. Gov’t. regulates interstate commerce

Fulton’s steamboatClaremont (1809)

A Market Society• Rise of Corporations

• The Factory System – Samuel Slater established America’s first factory in 1790 – First large-scale American factory (1814 Waltham, MA)

• Lowell followed– “interchangeable parts” that could be rapidly assembled

into standardized finished products

– South lags behind North

Lowell Mills

Lowell Mills

Water Power

The Locks at Lowell (32 ft. drop)

Boott Mill (1835)

Lowell Boardinghouse

Morning Bell at Lowell

1st Ring 4:30

Last Ring 10:00

Lowell Factory Church (1825)

Rise of factories

A New Economy

• Transportation – Improvements costs and linked farmers to markets – Toll roads did little – Improved water transportation did most

• Steamboat/ canals • increased the speed• lowered the expense of commerce $100- $10

– Railroads – Telegraph

Samuel Morse and his Telegraph

Railroads & Canals Example

• Robert Fulton’s Steamboat 1809(Fulton’s Folly)

• Erie Canal (1825) (Clinton’s Ditch)

Connecting the Great Lakes w/ Miss. River

Railroads, Canals, & Turnpikes

Travel Times from New York City in 1800 and 1830 • pg. 315

Travel Times from New York City in 1800 and 1830

Table 9.1 • pg. 317

The Market Revolution: Western Settlement, 1800–1820 • pg. 316

The Market Revolution: Western Settlement,

1800–1820

A New Economy (con’t)

• Inventions – Eli Whitney’s cotton

gin (1793)

– McCormick’s reaper (1831)

Industrialization Effects• market economy

• population increase & westward expansion

• prosperity

• union & economic sectionalism

• reactions to mechanization of life – faith that human’s can make progress/improve life – desire for all to share in fruits of prosperity– push back against hurried life of factory and the market

economy

Social Reform(ers)

• Prison & mental illness• Education - public & higher education• Women’s rights/suffrage• Temperance• Transcendentalists• Utopian societies• Religious revival• Abolition (later)

Dorothea Dix

• Girls’ school 1821

• Report to MA (reading)

• Helped open mental hospitals in 11 states

Horace Mann

• Started MA public schools

• 'common' or public schools would strengthen democracy by uniting children of all social classes

(PBS.org)

Colleges Founded

• Amherst (1821) • Trinity College (1823)• Mount Holyoke Female Seminary (1836)

• Oberlin (1833)

Women’s Rights

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Women’s Rights

Susan B. Anthony

So let us consider women in the 1st half of the 18th C.

• Adams “Don’t forget the ladies”• “The Cult of True Womanhood” “cult of domesticity” (read later)

• Seneca Falls – 1848 “Declaration of Sentiments”

Temperance movements

Transcendentalist

• Truth “transcends” human understanding

• Natural world

• Reclaim life from mechanized world

• Ralph Waldo Emerson

Transcendentalist

• Henry David Thoreau

• On Civil Disobedience– Opposition to Mexican War

(it’ll promote slavery)

– Refused to pay tax ($ used for the war)

Utopian societies

• Oneida• Brook Farm• Amana• Robert Owen New Harmony

– Cooperation would “supersede individual interest”

– Econ. equality…Socialism??

Religious movements

• Shakers

– Ann Lee founder

– social equality

– dramatic religious experiences

– celibacy

Christianity’s 2nd Great Awakening

• Educated, Middle class-oriented

• Emotions

• celebration of personal self-improvement, self-reliance, and self-determination

• Timothy Dwight & Charles Finney

Religious movements (cont.)

• Mormon faith

• Joseph Smith

• Brigham Young leads them west (1846)

Mormon Trail