View
1.325
Download
0
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
1-1
4th Edition
PsychologyRon Mossler Ph.D.
Los Angeles Valley College
1-2
Psychology 1Introductory Psychology
• Be on time!
• Silence your cell phones and pagers.
• Ask questions.
• Have fun!
1-3
Psychology 1Introductory Psychology
Eating for two, gaining too muchWith more than half of women already overweight, some doctors say pregnancy guidelines should be scaled back.
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Family: A Smooth Divorce
http://www.pbs.org/teachersource/features/redir/http://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/education/lesson16_overview.html
Explore how "The Invisible Man" changed forever the way Americans and people around the world think about race, on-air and online this week.
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this p icture.
WWW.Psychology.net
1-4
Introduction• Psychology is the science of behavior and
mental processes.
• It is both scientific and applied.
• Scientific research in psychology is systematic.
1-5
The Law of Parsimony (Occam’s Razor)
• When there are two (or more) competing explanations for an event or claim, we should select the one requiring the fewest assumptions.
• No big deal!
1-6
Becoming a Psychological DetectiveBasic Guidelines
• Ask good questions• Collect data • Analyze data • Draw conclusions
• Become good consumers of psychological research.
1-7
Research Methods
• Case study and interviews
• Observation
• Correlational research
1-8
Research Methods in Psychology
• Correlational research tells whether the values of two variables are related.
IT DOES NOT SHOW CAUSALITY!
1-9
Research Methods
• Survey/Questionnaires
• Tests
• Physiological measures
• The experimental method
1-10
The Experimental Method
• How do changes in one variable affect another?• The constant variable is Independent (The IV)• The variable that is measured is Dependent
(the DV)
In the experimental method, we manipulate the IV to determine the effect on the DV
1-11
The Experimental Method
Compare outcomes of:
• Experimental group
• Control group
1-12
Research Methods in Psychology
• By manipulating an independent variable (the cause), the researcher determines whether it influences the dependent variable (the effect).
1-13
The Experimental Method
Single blind vs. double blind
Placebo effect
1-14
Statistics
• Descriptive statistics summarize data.
• Inferential statistics are used to determine whether or not the results of an experiment are significant
1-15
Research Methods in Psychology
• Statistics involves the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data.
• Descriptive statistics summarize data.
• Inferential statistics are used to determine whether or not the results of an experiment are significant.
1-16
Normal Curve
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
1-17
The Origins of Modern Psychology
• Wilhelm Wundt established the first psychology laboratory at the University of Leipzig in Germany in 1879.
• Wundt’s school of psychology was known as structuralism.
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
1-18
The Origins of Modern Psychology
• William James – functionalism
• Now called cognition
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
1-19
The Origins of Modern Psychology
• Gestalt psychology is concerned primarily with our perception of our environment.
1-20
The Origins of Modern PsychologyThe Rise of Applied Psychology
1. William James: Psychology is the study of mental life.
2. Sigmund Freud: Influenced by the unconscious.1. Psychodynamic/
psychoanalytic
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Freud's granddaughter Sophie (a doctor in her own right), on Freudian theory: "I think it's such a narcissistic indulgence that I cannot believe in it."
1-21
The Origins of Modern PsychologyThe Rise of Applied Psychology
3. Behaviorism• Watson• Pavlov• Skinner
1-22
B.F. Skinner
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Skinner Box
1-23
The Origins of Modern PsychologyThe Rise of Applied Psychology
4. The humanistic perspective• Abraham Maslow• Carl Rogers
5. Gestalt psychology6. The Cognitive Perspective
• Ulrich Neisser, 1967
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
1-24
Psychological SpecialtiesClinical and Counseling
• Difference between a psychologist (Ph.D or Psy.D. and a psychiatrist (M.D.)
• School Psychologist• LCSW• MFT
1-25
Psychological SpecialtiesOthers
• Research Psychologists• IO• Consumer• Health• Sports
Recommended