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8/9/2019 MIS stud-1
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mis-stud-1 1/17
MIS
Session 1
Prof. Ruchi Khandelwal
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Data
Data is a set of isolated raw facts , figure,
statistic, unrelated and uninterrupted. is unprocessed facts and figures without
any added interpretation or analysis.
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Information
´Information is data that has beenprocessed into a form that is meaningful tothe recipient and is of real or perceived
value in current or perspective actions ordecisions.µ
By³Davis and Olson
Information is usually defined as:
´Organized dataµ (Saint-Onge, 2002);´Data endowed with relevance and purposeµ
(Drucker, 2001);
´Interpreted dataµ (Probst et alii, 2002).
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Information System
An Information system can be defined asgroup of components working together.These components include equipment(or
hardware) , instructions (or software),datastored in the system, the people to operatethe system, and procedures for the people tofollow. (Nickerson 1998)
An Info system collects, processes, analyzesand disseminates information for a specificpurpose.
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Activities of an ISActivities of an IS
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Components of an Information
System
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Methods of data and information
collectionOld filesObservationMass media of communication and
publicationsLibrary researchGovernment agenciesMeetings, seminars, workshops and
conferences InterviewsSurvey Internet
Purchased from outside
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Operational excellenceOperational excellence
Support of its business processes and operations.
Improved efficiency results in higher profitability
Is an important contributor to operational efficiency, employeeproductivity and morale, and customer service & satisfaction.
NewNew products, services, andproducts, services, and New business modelsNew business models A business model includes how a company produces, delivers, andA business model includes how a company produces, delivers, and
sells its products and servicessells its products and services
The music industry has seen drastic changes in business models inThe music industry has seen drastic changes in business models inrecent yearsrecent years
BusinessObjectives of Information SystemsBusinessObjectives of Information Systems
Wal-Mart is the champion of combining information systemsand best business practices toachieve operational efficiency²and $285 billion in sales in 2005
Apple has been very successful atApple has been very successful atintroducing new products andintroducing new products andadopting a new business modeladopting a new business model
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Customer and supplier intimacyCustomer and supplier intimacy
Close relationships with suppliers result in lower costs
Improved decision making Improved decision making
Real-time data have improved the ability of managers to makedecisions
Verizon uses a Web-based digital dashboard to update managers with
real-time data on customer complaints, network performance, and lineoutages
Competitive advantageCompetitive advantage
Cost advantageCost advantage
Differentiation advantageDifferentiation advantage SurvivalSurvival
Minimizes paper work.
Helps in business planning
Dell Computer is one of the best
examples of establishing competitiveadvantage as the company hascontinued to be profitable during atime when PC prices have been falling steadily
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System Concept
Term ´Systemµ is derived from Greek wordSystema which means an organized relationshipamong functioning unit or components.
A system is a group of interdependent itemsthat interact regularly to perform a task.
A
system is a collection of people, machines,and methods organized to accomplish a setof specific tasks.
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What is a System?
ManufacturingProcess
Input ofRaw Materials
Output ofFinished Products
Environment
Other Systems
Control byManagementControlSignals ControlSignals
FeedbackSignals
FeedbackSignals
System Boundary
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Char acteristics of system
Systems consist of interrelated components (a relationshipexists between parts and the whole).
Systems have inputs, processes, outputs.
Each system has a purpose that has to be achieved throughfunctioning.
Every system has a life cycle.
Every system is engaged according to certain rules,regulations, principles and policies.
Interdependent components.
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System related concepts
System Boundaries
Systems and Sub Systems
Outputs and Inputs Subsystem Interface
System and its Environment
System Feedback and control
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System Entropy -disorder of a system
System Stress and Change ²due to
problems, new business opportunities,and new management directives.
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Need of an efficient Information System Create an Impact on the Organization's functions and Support
of the business processes and operations. Create Database and Knowledge base for all.
Create an Information-based work Culture in organization.
Bring Clarity in Communication and on time information.
Improving the administration of a business by streamliningthe operation, support of its strategies for competitive
advantage
Improves the Quality and Timeliness of Decisions.
Brings a high degree of professionalism in the businessoperations.
Managerial decision making and efficiency can be increase.
Help in directing the entire organization towards the commongoals.
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