Adjectives final presentation by melita katrina marlyn

Topic

1. Defining Adjectives

2. Adjectives Modifying Nouns

3. Adjectives Modifying Pronouns

4. Different Types of Adjectives

4.1 Personal Titles

4.2 Possessive Adjectives

4.3. The Articles

4.4. Demonstrative Adjectives

4.5. Indefinite Adjectives

4.6 Numbers

4.7 Interrogative Adjectives

4.8 Compound Adjectives

4.8.1 Compound Adjectives from Proper Nouns

4.8.2 Compound Adjectives with Quotation marks & Italics

4.8.3 Adverbs & Compound Adjectives

5. Forming Adjectives

5.1 Forming adjectives from Nouns

5.2 Forming adjectives from Verbs

5.3 Forming adjectives form adjectives

5.4 Forming adjectives from proper nouns

6. Degree of Adjectives

7. Comparison of Adjectives

8. Adjective Order

9. Coordinated Adjectives

PART 1 Presentation Outline

Topic

1. Defining Adjectives

2. Adjectives Modifying Nouns

3. Adjectives Modifying Pronouns

4. Different Types of Adjectives

4.1 Personal Titles

4.2 Possessive Adjectives

4.3 The Articles

Are describing words A word whose main role is to qualify a noun

or noun phrase giving more information about the object signified.

They give the reader more information about a noun and pronoun and to make your writing more interesting.

ADJECTIVES

Adjectives are said to modify nouns and are necessary to make the meanings of sentences clearer or more exact. Adjectives are added to nouns to state what kind, what color, which one or how many.

Adjectives Modify Noun

Follow the yellow cab.(In this example the adjective ‘yellow’ modifies the noun ‘cab’)

  The principal words should be in bold.

(In this example the adjective ‘principal’ modifies the noun ‘words’ and since it is not attached to a proper noun it cannot be capitalized.

  They gathers all the white horses.

Examples

Adjectives Modify Noun

Although less common, adjective can also modify pronouns

Examples It is a blue one.

Only a brave few have received a

recommendation.

Adjectives Modify Pronouns

Different Types of Adjectives

Personal titles are classified as adjectives when they are attached to a name.

Examples

1. Personal Titles

Mr. or Ms. King or Queen

Uncle or Auntie Prince or Princess

Sir or Dame Dean or Professor

Count or Countess Pope

are used to show possession, also known as possessive determiners that modify a noun by attributing possession.

List of determiners are: my, your, his, her, its, our and their

Examples She is my sister. The doctor is waiting for your laboratory results. Today is our duty to prepare their coffee. The documents are lost in his office.

2. Possessive Adjectives

The words a, an, and the are known as articles and are classified as adjectives too.◦ ‘a’ and ‘an’ are called indefinite articles, as they

do not indicate a specific noun◦ ‘the’ is called the definite article, because it

does point to specific noun

Examples: A cup. (any cup) The cup. (specific cup) We need an office big enough. (any office) We need the office clean today. (specific office)

3. The Articles

PART 2 Presentation Outline

Topic

4. Demonstrative Adjectives

5. Indefinite Adjectives

6. Numbers

7 Interrogative Adjectives

8 Compound Adjectives

8.1 Compound Adjectives from Proper Nouns

8.2 Compound Adjectives with Quotation marks & Italics

8.3 Adverbs & Compound Adjectives

are words to demonstrate or indicate specific things.

It shows whether the noun they refer to is singular or plural, whether it is located near to or far from the speaker or narrator.

They always answer the question “Which one?”

4. Demonstrative Adjectives

Singular

Plural

This These used to point out things which are physically close to the speaker as well as to whomever he or she is speaking, usually within easy reaching distance.

That Those used to point out things which are further away from the speaker (but are not necessary to the listeners), not within easy reaching distance.

4. Demonstrative Adjectives

1. If I hear that parrot again, I will call the owner.(demonstrative adjective ‘that’ refers to specific ‘parrot’)

2. The wedding was decorated by those flowers which brighten that room.

3. Medals will only be given to those runners who complete the marathon in less than 8 hours.(‘those’ refers to specific people)

4. All of these blouses are expensive.

Examples:

DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVES

They are formed from indefinite pronouns, they do not point out specific things. They almost always are placed before the noun they refer to, it modifies a noun, pronoun or noun phrase.

Most common indefinite adjectives are:

5. Indefinite Adjectives

BothManyAllSeveralother

NoSomeSpecificNoneAnyNot

EveryCertainFewAnotherEachBoth

1. According to a council spokesman, there are no wallabies left in Derbyshire. However, over the past few months, many walkers have reported seeing several adults with young.

2. We can travel to any old city.3. The singer can choose another song that

she thinks many people will like.4. I wanted to buy a certain cloth.

Examples:

INDEFINITE ADJECTIVES

Numbers are classified as adjective too, because of the information they give is how many of a noun.

They can be cardinal numbers – one, 2, three, 4, five, six….so on

Or can be ordinal numbers – first, second, third, fourth…so on…

Examples:1. Four dolphins stayed with the boat until dawn.2. The book has 200 pages left for me to read.3. The ladder had twelve steps.

6. Numbers

An interrogative adjective ‘which’ or ‘what’ is like an interrogative pronoun, except that it modifies a noun or noun phrase rather than standing on its own.

Interrogative adjectives stand for the thing we do not know.

7. Interrogative Adjectives

1. Which flowers should we used for decorating the room?(adjective ‘which’ modifies the noun ‘flowers’)

2. What movies are you going to watch tomorrow night?

3. Which meal do you want to order?4. What project are you working right now?

Examples:

INTERROGATIVE ADJECTIVES

A compound adjective is an adjective that comprises more than one word. They are group of words that are not all adjectives, but make a meaning that is just one adjective.

Is made of two or more words together to show that it is one adjective. Usually, hyphens are used to link the words together.

7. Compound Adjectives

all-too-common high-end up-town low-class Sub-class tune-up

Some compound adjectives are

COMPOUND ADJECTIVES

mix-up stand-in stand-out up-side-down down-town first-class build-in

check-in check-out part-time take-out low-budget

fine-tune look-out

Examples

COMPOUND ADJECTIVES

1. Please request a four-foot table.(adjective ‘four-foot’ is describing the ‘table’, hyphen is used to link four and foot to show that it is one)

2. It is a 6-page document.

3. Nena worked as a part-time keeper at the safari park.

4. That is an all-too-common mistake.

5. This low-budget film got a first-class review.

6. It was a well-written report.

Often adjectives are formed from proper nouns (the name of things) which should be written using capital letters. In these circumstances, there is no need to group the words together using hyphen.

KINDS OF COMPOUND ADJECTIVES

1. Compound Adjectives from Proper Nouns

New Year Ramadan Kareem National Geographic Green Peace

Middle Ages Pepsi Cola Christian Dior Hyatt Hotel

National Day Eiffel Tower New York Grand Mosque

Examples

COMPOUND ADJECTIVES FROM PROPER NOUN

1. Did you manage to get a Harry Potter tickets?

2. Student is encouraged to watch the National Geographic episodes.

3. Let us all support Green Peace activities in the world.

4. The company is giving away free Pepsi Cola bag.

5. Once a year we visit Jose Rizal shrine in Luneta Park area.

Although a less common practice, it is also possible to group the words in a compound adjective using quotation marks, italics or combination of two. (Italics tend to be used for foreign words)

KINDS OF COMPOUND ADJECTIVES

2. Compound Adjectives WITH QUOTATION MARKS & ITALICS

ab initio haute couture de facto

de jure ceteris paribus “Schindler’s List”

“Mary Celeste”

“do it yourself”

“Phantom of the Opera”

Examples

COMPOUND ADJECTIVES WITH QUOTATION MARKS & ITALICS

1. It is an ab initio course. (i.e. for beginners)2. The latest haute couture plays an important part in the

fashion world.3. Steven Spielberg won his Oscar for “Schindler’s List”

film.4. My sister was my de facto mother all these years. (by

practice)5. They ended de jure black segregation in 1955. (by law)6. For more than ten years, Wilma claimed to be part of the

“Mary Celeste” crew before admitting to his cousin at a party that she is not.

7. Amber looked at the stick in the water, looked me in the eye and then turned away, giving me a “get it yourself” look.

An adjective is often preceded by adverbs, it describes the adjectives. There is no need to link an adverb to an adjective using hyphen. Usually tells you when, where, how, in what manner or what extend an action is performed.

Some adverbs are:

But some adverbs are formed by adding -y or –ly to an adjective

KINDS OF COMPOUND ADJECTIVES

3. ADVERBS & Compound Adjectives

Very Fast Quite almost most More Far Well Never Often Always Least Less there

Beautifully extremely lovely friendly Slowly gracefully skillfully kindly

Examples

ADVERBS & COMPOUND ADJECTIVES

1. Jean Joy is an extremely brave girl. (the adverb ‘extremely’ modifies the adjective ‘brave’ but is not part of it; there is no need to group it together with a hyphen)

2. It was a beautifully painted portrait in a skillfully carved frame. (the adverb ‘beautifully’ modifies the adjective ‘painted’ and ‘skillfully’ modifies ‘carved’)

3. She is a very studious girl.

4. The schools always print newsletters.

5. The insurance was quite expensive plan to continue without a regular income.

Part 3 Presentation Outline

Topic

5. Forming Adjectives

5.1 Forming adjectives from Nouns

5.2 Forming adjectives from Verbs

5.3 Forming adjectives form adjectives

5.4 Forming adjectives from proper nouns

6. Degree of Adjectives

7. Comparison of Adjectives

8. Adjective Order

9. Coordinated Adjectives

FORMING ADJECTIVES

Noun Adjective

Accident Accidental

Danger Dangerous

Star Starry

Wind Windy

Adjectives can be formed from: NOUNS, VERB, ADJECTIVES & PROPER NOUNS Verb Adjective

Enjoy Enjoyable

Help Helpful

Obey Obedient

Talk talkative

Adjective Adjective

Comic Comical

Correct Corrective

Red Reddish

Sick Sickly

Proper Noun

Proper Adjectives

Canada Canadians

Christianity Christian

France French

Britain British

DEGREE OF ADJECTIVES

1. Positive degree – the simplest form

2. Comparative degree – comparing two things or person

3. Superlative degree – comparing three or more things or person

COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES

Positive Comparative

Superlative

Short Shorter Shortest

Great Greater Greatest

Small Smaller Smallest

1. Add –er and –est to short adjectives of one syllables (sometimes two syllables)

COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES

Positive Comparative

Superlative

Lucky Luckier Luckiest

Heavy Heavier Heaviest

Silly Sillier Silliest

2. If the short adjective ends with consonant and y, change the y to i and add –er and est.

COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES

Positive Comparative

Superlative

Fine Finer Finest

3. If the short adjective ends with e add –er and st

COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES

Positive Comparative

Superlative

Appealing Less appealing

Least appealing

Remarkable More remarkable

Most remarkable

Beautiful More beautiful

Most beautiful

4. Put more (less) and most (least) in front of longer adjectives (with two or more syllables) to show comparison.

COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES

Positive Comparative

Superlative

Bad Worse Worst

Good Better Best

Many More Most

Little Less Least

well Better Best

Some adjectives are irregular adjectives and don’t follow the rules. They change form considerably from one degree to the next.

more shorter most shortest

more older most oldest

more uglier most ugliest

more smaller most smallest

Never use er or est at the same time you use more or more. These are incorrect.!

ADJECTIVE ORDERIn many languages, attributive adjectives usually occur in a specific order or the order of adjectives in a series

The categories are:

1. Quantity or number2. Quality or opinion – observation3. Size and Shape – adjectives subject to objective measure4. Age – adjectives denoting age5. Color – adjectives denoting color6. Origin – adjective denoting source of noun (proper

adjective)7. Material – adjective denoting what something is made of8. Qualifier or purpose – final limiter often regarded as part of

the noun

Examples of the sequence of the Multiple adjectives in chart form:

Quantity Quality Size Shape Age Color Origin Material Purpose Noun

ten smart huge young black Arabian racing Horses

several excellent tiny square old brown Chinese leather reference books

some shiny medium round antique white Indian gold arm bracelets

one pretty tall young English fashion model

fewhandmade large oval red Persian wool Carpets

someexpensiv

e big round white African diamond

famous grand classic brownEuropea

n wooden Piano

one nice small orange Swedish brick cottage house

Examples: The expensive, comfortable black English

leather shoes can be found in ShoeMart. (expensive and comfortable belong to the same class ‘quality’)

The beautiful, expensive red Chinese silk dress is on sale.

When adjective belong to a same class, they become coordinated adjectives, we need to put a comma between them.