WORLD WAR I “The Great War” 1914-1918 The Great War

The Great War

Key TermsKey Terms1. 14 Points: Woodrow Wilson’s Plan for

peace after WWI

2. Allied Powers: Britain, France, Russia, USA

3. Archduke Ferdinand: Austrian assasinated in Sarajevo. Begins WWI.

4. Armistice: peace, cease fire

5. Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire.

6. Lusitania: British passenger ship. Sunk by German U-Boat.

7. Machine Gun: Industrial development in war.

Key TermsKey Terms8. MAIN CAUSES OF WAR

9. Polish Corridor: Land granted to Poland which gave it access to the Baltic Sea. Taken from Germany.

10.Reparations: War Payments for damages.

11.Treaty of Versailles: Ended WWI. Blames Germany.

12.Trench Warfare: Western Front between Germany and France.

13.U-Boat: Untersee Boat. German naval weapon.

14.War Guilt Clause: Germans forced to sign this in the Treaty of Versailles.

15.Western Front: Land between France and Germany.

MAIN Causes of MAIN Causes of WWIWWI1. MILITARISM:1. MILITARISM:

Glorification of military. Arms race led to fear & desire to use new industrial weapons.

2. Alliances2. Alliances Suspicions led

to alliances. Germany,

Austria/Hungary & Italy (Central Powers)

Britain, France, Russia (Allied Powers)

3. Imperialism3. Imperialism

Competition between European countries over land & resources in Africa create tension.

4. NATIONALISM4. NATIONALISMGermany/Italy extremely

nationalistic. German pride for its military, people, and land. BLOOD AND IRON.

FINAL FINAL SPARKSPARKThe assassination of Archduke Franz

Ferdinand of Austria by a Serbian radical.

He wanted Bosnia to be free from Austrian Control. (nationalism)

A/H declares war on Serbia and WWI begins.

Assassination

MAIN CAUSES of WWIMAIN CAUSES of WWI M: militarism A: alliances I: imperialism N: nationalism Final spark: The

assasination of The Archduke Franz Ferdinand

The War Begins

Who is to Who is to Blame?????Blame?????

War Begins…War Begins…

BEGINNING OF WARBEGINNING OF WAR

CENTRAL POWERSCENTRAL POWERS: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, Italy (until 1915)

ALLIED POWERSALLIED POWERS: Britain, France, Russia, United States (1917)

War fought on the Western Front (France & Britain vs. Germany) and the Eastern Front (Russia vs. A/H & Germany)

Western Front

The Schlieffen The Schlieffen PlanPlan

Propaganda starts the WarPropaganda starts the War

INDUSTRY CHANGES WARINDUSTRY CHANGES WAR Machine Gun,

Mustard Gas, Tank, U-Boat, Plane

U-BoatsU-Boats

Poison Gas(Mustard Gas)

Trench Warfare Trench Warfare “No-Man’s Land”“No-Man’s Land”

Trench Wafare, “All Quiet on the Western Front”

Trench FootTrench Foot

WWI in the air…

Zeppelin

Red Baron over Red Baron over 80 80 enemy shot enemy shot downdown

TOTAL WAR: all resources go into war effort. Draft, taxes, rations. ALL PEOPLE AFFECTED BY WAR. (social effect)

War continues for 4 years. Little advances from either side.

Trench Warfare stalls war.

Dulce et Decorum Est,Pro Patria Mori

.

In Flanders Fields By: Lieutenant Colonel John McCrae, MD (1872-1918) Canadian Army

In Flanders Fields the poppies blow Between the crosses row on row, That mark our place; and in the sky The larks, still bravely singing, fly Scarce heard amid the guns below. We are the Dead. Short days ago We lived, felt dawn, saw sunset glow, Loved and were loved, and now we lie In Flanders fields. Take up our quarrel with the foe: To you from failing hands we throw The torch; be yours to hold it high. If ye break faith with us who die We shall not sleep, though poppies grow In Flanders fields.

Human element of WarHuman element of War Dulce et Decorum Est

The Man He Killed

Pipes of Peace

Belleau Wood

MAJOR TURNING POINTS OF WWIMAJOR TURNING POINTS OF WWI 1. Sinking of Lusitania (US ENTERS) 2. Battle of Somme 3. Zimmerman Telegram 4. Russia leaves war to fight

Revolution.

The Zimmerman TelegramThe Zimmerman Telegram

Lusitania

11 a.m., November 11, 1918

11 a.m., November 11, 1918

World War I CasualtiesWorld War I Casualties

01,000,0002,000,0003,000,0004,000,0005,000,0006,000,0007,000,0008,000,0009,000,000

10,000,000RussiaGermanyAustria-HungaryFranceGreat BritainItalyTurkeyUS

Effects OF WAREffects OF WAR 8.5 million

killed, 17 million wounded

Famine. Farms, homes, cities destroyed.

Huge War Debts to pay…who will pay?

Armistice—11/11/18

All Quiet on the Western Front

Belleau Wood

Treaty of VersaillesTreaty of VersaillesPunish Germany for WWIFrance, Britain want revenge.War Guilt Clause. Full Reparations.NO MILITARY, NO IMPERIALISM.League of Nations set up—USA/Germany are not a member.

President Wilson of US—“14 points” plan for peace

US and Germany not involved

14 Points: ~Free Trade~No Secret Alliances~”Self Determination” of countries~ LEAGUE OF NATIONS

REJECTED.

Woodrow Wilson

Europe--1919Europe--1919