The Great War (1914-1918)The War to End All Wars?

Journal #5

Should you always support a friend?

What might be the long-term consequences of refusing to support an ally?

Relate these questions to Global Studies: What would be the consequences for a country that refused to support an allied country?

The Basics

World War I “The Great War”

“The War to End All Wars”

1914-1918

France, Great Britain, Italy, Russia (later US) VS Germany, Austro-Hungarian Empire, Ottoman Empire

Essential Questions

What were the causes of World War I?

What events set the war in motion?

How did the war progress on the Western and Eastern fronts?

How was World War I a truly global conflict?

How did technology change the face of warfare?

What were the main points of the Treaty of Versailles?

What were the effects of World War I on western society?

The cost

Forces mobilized: 65,038,810

Killed: 8,528,831

Wounded: 21,189,154

MIA: 7,750,919

Total casualties: 37,466,904

Casualties as % of Forces: 57.5

Financial cost: $338 billion

Europe at the start of the Great War

Can you guess the MAIN long term causes

of World War I? M

A

I

N

MAIN Causes

M = Militarism

Need strong militaries

Military spending increases, new weapons made

Fight between Britain and Germany to have the most powerful navy

MAIN

A = Alliances

Countries formed alliances with each other

Supposed to keep the peace

Backfired: Domino effect

Triple Entente (1907): Britain, France, Russia

Triple Alliance (1882): Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy (later switched sides)

MAIN

I = Imperialism

N = Nationalism National pride

Desire for independence

Why would these ideas cause conflict?

MAIN Causes of the War Groupwork

Karl, Mike, Kenna, Molly

Sean, Hunter, Stephanie, Julia

Matt, Thomas, Leah, Brittany, Sara

Kelsey, Brennan, Holly, Britta

Sami, Shawn, Paige, Evan

Elias, Megan, Cassie, Jeremy, Alex

No Journal!

Take out your HW

Get in your groups and finish working on your MAIN causes of World War I primary sources

When you are finished, discuss: Which cause do you think contributed MOST to causing WWI? Why?

The spark that sets off the war

MAIN = long term causes

Think of MAIN like explosives waiting to go off!

The spark that sets off the bomb: Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo, Bosnia

Archduke is the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne

Killed by a Serbian terrorist, Gavrilo Princip

Why was he murdered?

Background:Austria-Hungary took over Bosnia in 1909

This angered SerbiaSerbia and Bosnia want to be together; they share a common ethnicity (Slavic)

Serbia is supported by Russia (also Slavic)

Balkan Powderkeg

Read pg. 1 of “Causes of World War I” and answer in your notes:

Why would Serbian terrorists kill the Archduke?

Read pg. 2 and answer:

Why did France and Germany dislike each other?

Why did Britain and Germany dislike each other?

The Black Hand

Write these questions in your notebooks and answer as you watch:

Who were the Black Hand and what was their goal?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hE8552joxfE&feature=related

Journal #6

Take out your homework for me to collect!

Think back to Friday and try not to use your notes:

What was the flashpoint (event that causes conflict to flare up) that started WWI?

Who/What/Where/When/Why?

What do you know about the ICE method for writing paragraphs? What should be included in a good paragraph answering a question?

Leaders at the time

Germany: Kaiser (emperor) Wilhelm II

Russia: Tsar (emperor) Nicholas II

England: Prime Minister David Lloyd George, King George V

The Domino EffectJune 28, 1914: Assassination

July 28: Austria gives Serbia an ultimatum (list of demands)

Serbia refuses, Austria declares warGermany gave Austria a “blank check” to do this

July 31: Russia builds up army to support Serbia

Aug. 1-3: Germany declares war on Russia and France

Aug. 4: Germany declares war on neutral BelgiumBritain declares war on Germany

Aug. 6: Austria declares war on Russia

Who is to blame?

In partners or individually, read the telegrams and complete the graphic organizer. You have 30 min. to complete this.

Then, be a detective: Who is to blame for World War I? Specifically, why is Germany blamed? Should they be blamed?

For homework: Write an ICE paragraph answering the question.

Beginning of the war

Central Powers:Germany

Austria-Hungary

Ottoman Empire/Bulgaria

Allied Powers:Great Britain

France

Russia

Italy (and later, US)

Schlieffen Plan

Germany: Schlieffen PlanGoal: knock out France (to avoid a two-front war) by taking Paris in exactly 42 days!Kaiser: “Paris for lunch, St. Petersburg for dinner!” Pass through neutral Belgium (“rape of Belgium”) BUT Battle of Tannenberg diverted troops to Prussia; Russia mobilized faster than expected (10 days)

Journal #7

List two things you remember about trench warfare from your research yesterday.

Why do you think World War One was called the “Great War”?

World War I Warfare:

Stalemate: Neither side can win; trying to “outlast” the other

Western Front: By 1915, 500 miles of trenches along the French/German border

This is where trench warfare happened!

Eastern Front: The German and Russian border

Complete Part II of your maps. Make sure you have the Central and Allied Powers colored in correctly.

New Weaponry Machine gun

TankBritish first use the tank at the Battle of the Somme (1916) Why?

Poison GasDestroyed respiratory organs, caused blisters, and even death

U Boats

Germany’s unrestricted submarine warfare: Sinking without warning ships in enemy waters

1915: British ship Lusitania torpedoed Killed 1198 people, including 128 Americans

Watching “All Quiet on the Western Front”

Questions: What weaponry/technology do you notice?

How did this new weaponry make World War I more brutal than previous wars?

1917: Big turning point

Why?

US enters the war

Russia leaves the war

Why did the US join the war in 1917?

Sinking of the Lusitania

Zimmerman Telegram: Germany tries to get Mexico to join the war against the U.S.

President Woodrow Wilson:To make the world “safe for democracy”

$ and weapons sent to the Allies

Cultural and historical ties to Britain

Anti-German feeling

What is Historian A’s argument? What is Historian B’s argument?

Journal #8

1. What are two reasons the US joined the war?

2. Propaganda: Have you ever heard this word before?

In what context (where did you hear it)?

Do you think this is a positive or negative word?

Take a guess at what propaganda means (and give an example if you can).

Home Front

Total War: Civilians helping the war effort/war doesn’t just affect the soldiers, it affects everyone

Women working in factories

Rationing

Press censorship (newspapers can’t write bad things about the war)

Propaganda

Propaganda: Persuasive one-sided (biased) information to keep up morale (keep up spirits)

Techniques:Name-calling/demonization of the enemy

Bandwagon: “Join, everyone else is!”

Fear

Appeal to authority

Glorifying your country

Propaganda Analysis Groupwork

1. With your group, look at each propaganda poster and answer the questions on your analysis sheets. Use your notes to help you.

2. Decide which poster is most effective at propaganda. In other words, which is the best? Why?

3. One group member will be sharing the best poster to the whole class when all groups are done.

Propaganda Analysis Groupwork

Great Britain: Molly, Hunter, Sean, Thomas, Jeremy

France: Brennan, Elias, Paige, Matt, Sara, Evan

Germany: Mike, Brittany, Stephanie, Leah, Holly

United States: Megan, Kelsey, Jeremy, Julia, Alex

United States: Cassie, Sami, Shawn, Kenna, Karl, Britta

Journal #9

Why is World War I a global war?

Turn to pg. 418. What areas of the world got involved in the war? Make a list.

US Involvement

Woodrow Wilson wanted the US to have a say in the peace terms

1918: He created the “Fourteen Points,” a peace plan:

No secret treaties

Freedom of the seas

Self determination (nations choose independence)

League of Nations (pre-United Nations)

1918

On the Eastern Front: Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (March 1918): Russia surrenders

Starvation, riots

Russian Revolution overthrows the czar

New government ends the war

On the Western Front:War going badly for Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottomans

Second Battle of the Marne: Germans pushed back

End of the war

Armistice (agreement to end the war) signed on November 11, 1918

German government has collapsed and the Kaiser has abdicated (stepped down)

German starvation, no food or supplies, army about to rebel

New government surrenders even though the Allies are not even in Germany

Later on, they would be accused of “stabbing the German army in the back”

Signed in the French commander’s railway

carriage

Results of the war

German, Austro-Hungarian, Ottoman, and Russian Empires collapse

Germany loses a lot of territory

Very harsh peace terms forced on Germany

Serbia and Bosnia become part of the new Yugoslavia

In total, about 9 million soldiers and 7 million civilians killed

Is peace going to be based on the 14 Points?

In partners, analyze the 14 Points.

Journal #10

1. How was your break?

2. Interpret this quote: “It must be a peace without victory…only a peace among equals can last.”

---President Woodrow Wilson

What is “a peace without victory”?

Predict: Do you think that the treaty that ends World War I is “a peace among equals”?

When you finish your journal, continue working on the “14 Points” packet! You have until lunch to finish. While you’re working, I will pass around a sign up sheet for today’s simulation.

Paris Peace Conference Simulation

1919: Year long peace talks at the Paris Peace Conference

Big 4:Woodrow Wilson (US president)

Georges Clemenceau (France)

David Lloyd George (Britain)

Vittorio Orlando (Italy)

Which countries had no say?

Paris Peace Conference Simulation

1. In your country delegations, read your Background Briefings and the additional information sheets. Use them to answer the handout questions.

2. Choose a group leader to write your country’s proposals on the board. You will need to take notes on this.

3. The class will vote on each proposal. As we vote, fill in the “class” Treaty of Versailles.

4. We will compare our “class” treaty to the real treaty.

Signing the Treaty, June 28, 1919 Hall of Mirrors, Palace of Versailles

Journal #11

1. Was the Treaty of Versailles based on the 14 Points? Why or why not? Give at least two examples and use your 14 Points packet and the Treaty of Versailles handout to help you.

2. Then, interpret this quote:

“We shall have to fight another war again in 25 years time.”--David Lloyd George, British PM

Was he right? How do you think the Treaty of Versailles might have helped cause World War II?

Terms of the Treaty of Versailles

The Allies are BRATs!

B = Blame Germany has the total blame for the war

R = Reparations Germany had to pay 33 billion dollars to Allies

A = Army Germany was forbidden to have a military over 100,000

T = Territory Germany lost all colonies, Alsace-Lorraine, Poland, and more

Review Groups

OUTLINE answers to each question.

Group 1: Study guide short answer question 1

Group 2: Study guide short answer question 2

Group 3: Study guide short answer question 3

Group 4: Study guide short answer question 4

Group 5: Study guide short answer question 5

Group 6: Study guide essay question

Group 7: World War I Graphic Organizer (on the back of the map)