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The Great War
Key TermsKey Terms1. 14 Points: Woodrow Wilson’s Plan for
peace after WWI
2. Allied Powers: Britain, France, Russia, USA
3. Archduke Ferdinand: Austrian assasinated in Sarajevo. Begins WWI.
4. Armistice: peace, cease fire
5. Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire.
6. Lusitania: British passenger ship. Sunk by German U-Boat.
7. Machine Gun: Industrial development in war.
Key TermsKey Terms8. MAIN CAUSES OF WAR
9. Polish Corridor: Land granted to Poland which gave it access to the Baltic Sea. Taken from Germany.
10.Reparations: War Payments for damages.
11.Treaty of Versailles: Ended WWI. Blames Germany.
12.Trench Warfare: Western Front between Germany and France.
13.U-Boat: Untersee Boat. German naval weapon.
14.War Guilt Clause: Germans forced to sign this in the Treaty of Versailles.
15.Western Front: Land between France and Germany.
MAIN Causes of MAIN Causes of WWIWWI1. MILITARISM:1. MILITARISM:
Glorification of military. Arms race led to fear & desire to use new industrial weapons.
2. Alliances2. Alliances Suspicions led
to alliances. Germany,
Austria/Hungary & Italy (Central Powers)
Britain, France, Russia (Allied Powers)
3. Imperialism3. Imperialism
Competition between European countries over land & resources in Africa create tension.
4. NATIONALISM4. NATIONALISMGermany/Italy extremely
nationalistic. German pride for its military, people, and land. BLOOD AND IRON.
FINAL FINAL SPARKSPARKThe assassination of Archduke Franz
Ferdinand of Austria by a Serbian radical.
He wanted Bosnia to be free from Austrian Control. (nationalism)
A/H declares war on Serbia and WWI begins.
Assassination
MAIN CAUSES of WWIMAIN CAUSES of WWI M: militarism A: alliances I: imperialism N: nationalism Final spark: The
assasination of The Archduke Franz Ferdinand
The War Begins
Who is to Who is to Blame?????Blame?????
War Begins…War Begins…
BEGINNING OF WARBEGINNING OF WAR
CENTRAL POWERSCENTRAL POWERS: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, Italy (until 1915)
ALLIED POWERSALLIED POWERS: Britain, France, Russia, United States (1917)
War fought on the Western Front (France & Britain vs. Germany) and the Eastern Front (Russia vs. A/H & Germany)
Western Front
The Schlieffen The Schlieffen PlanPlan
Propaganda starts the WarPropaganda starts the War
INDUSTRY CHANGES WARINDUSTRY CHANGES WAR Machine Gun,
Mustard Gas, Tank, U-Boat, Plane
U-BoatsU-Boats
Poison Gas(Mustard Gas)
Trench Warfare Trench Warfare “No-Man’s Land”“No-Man’s Land”
Trench Wafare, “All Quiet on the Western Front”
Trench FootTrench Foot
WWI in the air…
Zeppelin
Red Baron over Red Baron over 80 80 enemy shot enemy shot downdown
TOTAL WAR: all resources go into war effort. Draft, taxes, rations. ALL PEOPLE AFFECTED BY WAR. (social effect)
War continues for 4 years. Little advances from either side.
Trench Warfare stalls war.
Dulce et Decorum Est,Pro Patria Mori
.
In Flanders Fields By: Lieutenant Colonel John McCrae, MD (1872-1918) Canadian Army
In Flanders Fields the poppies blow Between the crosses row on row, That mark our place; and in the sky The larks, still bravely singing, fly Scarce heard amid the guns below. We are the Dead. Short days ago We lived, felt dawn, saw sunset glow, Loved and were loved, and now we lie In Flanders fields. Take up our quarrel with the foe: To you from failing hands we throw The torch; be yours to hold it high. If ye break faith with us who die We shall not sleep, though poppies grow In Flanders fields.
Human element of WarHuman element of War Dulce et Decorum Est
The Man He Killed
Pipes of Peace
Belleau Wood
MAJOR TURNING POINTS OF WWIMAJOR TURNING POINTS OF WWI 1. Sinking of Lusitania (US ENTERS) 2. Battle of Somme 3. Zimmerman Telegram 4. Russia leaves war to fight
Revolution.
The Zimmerman TelegramThe Zimmerman Telegram
Lusitania
11 a.m., November 11, 1918
11 a.m., November 11, 1918
World War I CasualtiesWorld War I Casualties
01,000,0002,000,0003,000,0004,000,0005,000,0006,000,0007,000,0008,000,0009,000,000
10,000,000RussiaGermanyAustria-HungaryFranceGreat BritainItalyTurkeyUS
Effects OF WAREffects OF WAR 8.5 million
killed, 17 million wounded
Famine. Farms, homes, cities destroyed.
Huge War Debts to pay…who will pay?
Armistice—11/11/18
All Quiet on the Western Front
Belleau Wood
Treaty of VersaillesTreaty of VersaillesPunish Germany for WWIFrance, Britain want revenge.War Guilt Clause. Full Reparations.NO MILITARY, NO IMPERIALISM.League of Nations set up—USA/Germany are not a member.
President Wilson of US—“14 points” plan for peace
US and Germany not involved
14 Points: ~Free Trade~No Secret Alliances~”Self Determination” of countries~ LEAGUE OF NATIONS
REJECTED.
Woodrow Wilson
Europe--1919Europe--1919