Textile Industry

DEEPAK SINGH

RAGHURAJ SINGH

MOHIT SINGH

RAHUL CHAUDHARY

RAHUL RATHORE

INTRODUCTION

• The textile industry is primarily concerned with the design and production of yarn, cloth, clothing, and their distribution.

• Textile industry are also that manufacture raw product for cloth manufactured companies and industries.

• Textile industry can be classified into three categories cotton , woolen and synthetic fiber which are to be depending upon the raw material used in it.

Indian Textile Industry

• India contributes to about 25% share in the world trade of cotton yarn.

• I dia, the world’s third-largest producer of cotton and second-largest producer of cotton yarns and textiles, is poised to play an increasingly important role in global cotton and textile markets

• The ready ade gar e t se tor is the iggest seg e t i the I dia’s textile export basket contributing over 46% of the total textile exports.

• Exports have grown at an average of 9.47% pa over the last decade.

Input Process Output

Textile fibres yarn manufacturing Yarn

Yarn Fabric manufacturing Grey fabrics

Grey fabrics Wet processing Finished fabrics

Finished fabrics Garments

manufacturing Garments

SPINNING PROCESS

Spinning is a major part of the textile industry. It is part of the textile manufacturing process where three types of fiber are converted into yarn, then fabrics, which undergo finishing processes such as bleaching to become textiles. The textiles are then fabricated into clothes or other products.

WEAVING PROCESS

Weaving is a method of textile production in which two distinct sets of yarn or threads are interlapped at right angles. The longitudinal threads are called the warp and the lateral threads are the weft or filling.

WEAVING PROCESS FLOW CHART Input Process Output

Yarn from spinning section

Doubling and twisting Double twisted yarn

Double twisted yarn Winding Winded yarn

Winded yarn Warping Warped yarn

Warped yarn Sizing Sized yarn

Sized yarn Weaving Weaved yarn

DYEING PROCESS

Dyeing is the process of adding color to textile products like fibers, yarns, and fabrics. Dyeing is normally done in a special solution containing dyes and particular chemical material. After dyeing, dye molecules have uncut chemical bond with fiber molecules. The temperature and time controlling are two key factors in dyeing. There are mainly two classes of dye, natural and man-made.

Dyeing Process Flow Chart

After treatment

Finishing

Inspection

Packing

Baling

Grey cloth

Stitching

Cropping

Brushing

Singeing

Dyeing

Brushing

Mercerizing

Scouring

Desizing

Input Process Output

Weaved clothes Inspection of grey cloth Removed the warp and breakage &

hole spot

Inspected grey clothes Stitching Bounding of yarn edges

Stitched cloth Cropping Warp and weft thread is removed

Cropped cloth Brushing Removed dust, dirt , loose fiber

Brushed clothes Singeing Hairy and projecting fiber

Singed clothes Desizing Gummy material material size

Desized fabric scouring Removed impurities

pure fabric Mercerizing Strength & moisture regain

Fabric immerged with color Dyeing Decorated by different color

Dyed clothes Printing Special appearance

Printed clothes Finishing Different finishing effects

Finished clothes Packing Product ready

PROCESS OF DYEING

PRINTING PROCESS

Textile Printing is the process of applying

color to fabric in definite patterns or designs. In properly printed fabrics the color is bonded with the fiber, so as to resist washing and friction. Textile printing is related to dyeing but in dyeing properly the whole fabric is uniformly covered with one color, whereas in printing one or more color's are applied to it in certain parts only, and in sharply defined patterns.

Printing Process Flow Chart

Mercerizing

Printing

Finishing

Inspection

Packing

Grey cloth

Stitching

Cropping

Brushing

Singeing

Drying

Washing

Bleaching

Scouring

Desizing

WASTE WATER AND ITS TREATMENT IN TEXTILE

INDUSTRY

• Textile wastewater includes a large variety of dyes and chemical additions that make the environmental challenge for textile industry not only as liquid waste but also in its chemical composition.

•Main pollution in textile wastewater come from dyeing and finishing processes.

•These processes require the input of a wide range of chemicals and dyestuffs, which generally are organic compounds of complex structure.

•Water is used as the principal medium to apply dyes and various chemicals for finishes.

•Because all of them are not contained in the final product, became waste and caused disposal problems.

•Major pollutants in textile wastewaters are high suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand, heat, colour, acidity, and other soluble substances.

•Substances which need to be removed from textile wastewater are mainly COD, BOD, nitrogen, heavy metals and dyestuffs1,2.

Processes Compounds

DESIZING

Size, Enzyme, Starch, Ammonia, Waxes

SCOURING

NaOH , Surfactants, Soaps, Fats, Waxes , Pectin, Oils, Sizes, Anti – Static agents,

Spent Solvents, Enzymes

BLEACHING

H2O2, AOX, Sodium Silicate or Organic Stabilizers, High pH

MERCERIZING

High pH, NaOH

DYEING

Color, Metals. Salts, Surfactants, Organic Processing Assistants, Sulphide , Acidity

/ Alkalinity, Formaldehyde

PRINTING

Urea, Solvents, Color, Metals.

FINISHING

Resins, Waxes, Chlorinated Compounds , Acetate, Stearate, Spent Solvents,

Softeners.

Waste through different processes

PROCESS OF WASTE WATER TREATMENT

PR

IMA

RY

SCREENING

SEDIMENTATION

EQUALIZATION

NEUTRALIZATION

CHEMICAL COGULATION

MECHNICAL FLOCCULATION

SCREENING SEDEMENTATION EQUALIZATION

NEUTRALIZATION MECHNICAL

FLOCCULATION

CHEMICAL

COGULATION

PRIMARY TREATMENT

SE

CO

ND

AR

Y AERATED LAGOON

TRICKLING FILTRATION

ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESS

OXIDATION

DITCH /POND

AERATED LAGOON

TRICKLING

FILTRATION

ACTIVATED

SLUDGE

OXIDATION

DITCH / POND

SECONDARY TREATMENT

TE

RT

IAR

Y

OXIDATION TECHNIQUE

ELECTROLYTIC PRECIPITATION & FOAM

FRACTIONATION

MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGIES

ELECTROCHEMICAL PROCESSES

ION EXCHANGE

PHOTO CATALYTIC DEGRADATION ADSORPTION

THERMAL EVAPORATION

OXIDATION

TECHNIQUE

ELECTROLYTIC

PRECIPITATION &

FOAM FRACTIONATION

MEMBRANE

TECHNOLOGIES

ELECTROCHEMICAL

PROCESSES

ION

EXCHANGE

PHOTO CATALYTIC

DEGRADATION

ADSORPTION

THERMAL EVAPORATION

TERTIARY TREATMENT

WASTE FROM TEXTILE INDUSTRY