Introduction to the Microprocessor System

NAME OF GROUP :

MUHAMMAD HAFIZUDDIN BIN AZMAN

(O1PKE11F1008)

NURADILIA BINTI ZAINOL

(01PKE11F1001)

MAHZUZ SYAMIM BIN MASTED

(01PKE11F1004)

MOHD IZWAN BIN AMIR HAMZAH

(01PKE11F1003)

MOHAMMAD FAIZ BIN FADIL

(01PKE11F2051)

INTRODUCTION TO THE MICROPROCESSOR SYSTEM

1. What is computer ?

• A computer is device that able receive information, process it and show the result to the output.

• In a computer system , their have :HardwareSoftware

INTRODUCTION

a) Central processing unit ( CPU ) The CPU is “ Brain “ of a computer system. It contains circuit that control all operations of a

computer system.

b) Main Memory ( there have 2 classification of main memory )

RAM – Random acess memory ROM – Read only memory Secondery memory – like Hardisk , Disket,CD, VCD,

Pendrive.

2. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM

• The microcomputer called a central processing unit (CPU) is an integrated circuit as microprocessor.

• The microprocessor is the central processing unit of a microcomputer.

• The information is in binary form and transferred by buses.

THE MICROCOMPUTER AND THE MICROPROCESSOR

BLOCK DIAGRAM

CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT(CPU)INPUT

MAIN MEMORY

OUTPUT

SECONDARY MEMORY

Microprocessor is the brain of a computer. There are many different types of microprocessor.

There have four groups : o Four bit microprocessorso Eight bit microprocessorso Sixteen bit microprocessorso Thirty-two bit microprocessorso Sixty-four bit microprocessors

THE MICROPROCESSOR

The microprocessor by itself is worthless because in order to perform a useful function, it needs the support of other chips.

It also have input / output ports.

THE SUPPORT CHIP

MAKING A BASIC COMPUTER SYSTEM WITH THE 8085 AND 8155 CHIPS

5 volt

8085 8155

• The 8085 and 8155 work with 5 volt DC from regulated power supply.

• To make the both IC’s operate,we must plug in the +vcc on pin 40 and –vcc on pin 20.

THE MICROPROCESSOR CLOCK

• All microprocessor need a clock to produce pulses to control their internal counter.

• To determine the clock rate,a crystal,R/C or L/C network is connected to the two clock input pins on pin 1 and 2.

THE ADDRESS /DATA BUS

• To produce the Address/Data bus,both IC’s must connect from pins AD0-AD7.

• This group of 8 wires,called the Address/Data Bus is going to carry binary information in the form of binary bits between the microprocessor and the memory chip (8155).

• This binary information, carried by the Address/Data Bus,may go either from the 8085 to the 8155 or from the 8155 to the 8085.

THE CONTROL BUS

• Microprocessor is the brain of computer funtion to tell what and when to do.

• To do this the microprocessor have to send control signal to the support chip by a group of wire that called as ‘Control Bus’.

• The function of pins;

RESET-Pin 3 IC 8085

Pin $ IC 8155

ALE(address Latch Enable)-Pin 30 IC 8085

Pin 11 IC 8155

WR:Write-Pin 32 IC 8085

Pin 9 IC 8155

RD:Read-Pin 32 IC 8085

Pin 9 IC 8155

IO/M:Input Output/Memory-Pin 34 IC 8085

Pin 7 IC 8155

THE RESET CIRCUIT

• The reset circuit allow to start and stopping the work of microprocessor.

• The circuit will be connected to Pin 36 IC 8085 (reset input).

• Switch S1 open with positive potential,power supply will go through resistor R2A and R2B to Pin 36.

• When switch S1 is closed,a negative potential from ground through Pin 36 and the microprocessor will be in ‘Reset’.

• Diode D1 eliminates interference by switch S1.

• IC 8155 have a three ports,They are port A,port B,port C that are the inputs and outputs of the microprocessor system.

• MAIN MEMORY

-RAM(RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY

-ROM(READ ONLY MEMORY)

• SECONDRY MEMORY

-HARD DISK

-EXTERNAL MEMORY

-PENDRIVE

THE MEMORY OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM IS A PLACE WHERE INFORMATION (BINARY BITS)MAY BE KEPT IN AN ORGANIZED FORM

• MAIN MEMORY

• SECONDARY MEMORY

THE MEMORY

WHAT IS MEMORY TYPES OF MEMORY

Computer languages are divided into

three

•parts: - - Machines (machine code) - Language Assembler (assembly language) - High Level Languages (High language) ? Generally, a computer language is divided

into 2 parts: - - Low-level language - High level language

* Where the machine language and assembler language fall in low-level language because it microprocessor-oriented.

MACHINE LANGUAGE(CODE MACHINE)•A combination of 0 & bit 1 bit based on my no.binary. These codes can only be understood andmanaged by the microprocessor unit only. All other computing languages such as

assembler languages and high level languageneed to be converted into machine code priorfirst to implement my program inprovided.

MACHINE LANGUAGE

AMONG THE ADVANTAGES: -

• It is faster than the languages of the machineother since they do not needassembler or compiler or interpreterlike other languages.- It uses a memory size of the skeleton.

DISADVANTAGES

- The line of writing tedious manualbecause of the codesbinary / hexadecimal ± consumers shouldrefer to the user.- Language is not in widespread usebut the only skilled org.

FROM ALL OF THIS, WHAT WE CAN GET IS KNOW ABOUT MICROPROCESSOR ABOUT HOW IT USED AND HOW IT WORKS. WE ALSO LEARN ABOUT HOW THE DATA BEEN

TRANSFERRED AND WHAT KIND OF MEMORY BEING USED IN THIS MICROPROCESSOR.WE KNOW TH EMACHINE LANGUAGE AND WHAT IT MEANS….

CONCLUSION