Human Body Unit Part VI/XIII The Digestive System Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Human Body Unit

Part VI/XIII

The Digestive System

• RED SLIDE: These are notes that are very important and should be recorded in your science journal.

-Nice neat notes that are legible and use indentations when appropriate.

-Example of indent.

-Skip a line between topics -Don’t skip pages

-Make visuals clear and well drawn. Please label. Kidneys

Ureters

Urinary Bladder

• RED SLIDE: These are notes that are very important and should be recorded in your science journal.

• BLACK SLIDE: Pay attention, follow directions, complete projects as described and answer required questions neatly.

Topics addressed in this Unit

Topics addressed in this Unit Part VI

Topics addressed in this Unit continued

NGSS 3-5

NGSS MS

NGSS HS

Additional Standards Addressed

• Keep an eye out for “The-Owl” and raise your hand as soon as you see him.– He will be hiding somewhere in the slideshow

“Hoot, Hoot”“Good Luck!”

New Area of Focus: The Digestive System

• Digestive System Available Sheet

• What did you have for breakfast today?

• Humans are chemical factories, we need raw materials to produce new cells, repair damaged parts, and produce energy.

• High quality energy in

• High quality energy in – heat released –

• High quality energy in – heat released – lower quality energy out.

Nutrients: The usable portions of food.

“I had a well balanced lunch.”

“Uggghhh.” “Rough Lunch.”

• Nutrients include

• Nutrients include– Proteins

• Nutrients include– Proteins– Carbohydrates

• Nutrients include– Proteins– Carbohydrates– Fats

• Nutrients include– Proteins– Carbohydrates– Fats– Vitamins

• Nutrients include– Proteins– Carbohydrates– Fats– Vitamins– Minerals

• Nutrients include– Proteins– Carbohydrates– Fats– Vitamins– Minerals– Water

• Protein: Growth, Repair, Reproduction of Cells (structure of your body), produces enzymes, hormones, antibodies.

• Carbohydrates: Energy molecule and contains fiber.

• Fats: Energy source.

• Vitamins: Prevents diseases, regulates body processes, and needed for chemical reactions.

• Minerals: Needed for bones and teeth, blood and other tissues.

• Water: To dissolve substances in blood, tissue fluid, biochemical reactions.

• Which of the following is incorrect?A.) Protein: Growth, Repair, Reproduction of Cells

(structure of your body), produces enzymes, hormones, antibodies.

B.) Carbohydrates: Prevents nutrient overloading and regulates calcium

C.) Fats: Energy source.

D.) Vitamins: Prevents diseases, regulates body processes, and needed for chemical reactions.

E.) Minerals: Needed for bones and teeth, blood and other tissues

F.) Water: To dissolve substances in blood, tissue fluid, biochemical reactions.

B.) Carbohydrates: Prevents nutrient overloading and regulates calcium

B.) Carbohydrates: Prevents nutrient overloading and regulates calcium.

E.) Minerals: Needed for bones and teeth, blood and other tissues.

• Which of the following is incorrect? Answer is…A.) Protein: Growth, Repair, Reproduction of Cells

B.) Carbohydrates: Energy molecule and contains fiber.

Calorie: Amount of energy that can be obtained from nutrients.

• You’ve just completely bonked due to a lack of energy. – Which of the items below will give you a quick

burst of energy, and which will give you longer lasting energy.

Digestion: The process of breaking food down into nutrients.

• Let’s discuss the mouth and salvia.

• Saliva helps to moisten your food and contains a chemical to begin the process of digestion.

Ptyalin (ti´ah-lin): Chemical (Enzyme) in saliva that breaks starches into sugars.

Learn more about saliva at… http://www.webmd.com/oral-health/what-is-saliva

Chemical Digestion: Process of converting food into chemical substances that can be absorbed and used.

• Activity! Starting off the digestion process.

• Activity! Starting off the digestion process.• Students with food allergies should not

participate.

participate.– Teacher to pass everyone a piece of bread.

participate.– Teacher to pass everyone a piece of bread. – Students place bread in mouth (Record taste

immediately in journal)

participate.– Teacher to pass everyone a piece of bread. – Students place bread in mouth (Record taste

immediately in journal)– Students allow salvia to moisten bread in

mouth and then begin chewing. (Record taste in journal after chewing)

• What happened? • How did the taste change? Why?

• Answer: Bread is a complex carbohydrate (starch).

• Answer: Bread is a complex carbohydrate (starch). The ptyalin in your saliva along with your chewing broke the large sugar molecules into smaller (more sweet) sugar molecules.

Glucose

• Taste buds: The sensory organs that are found on your tongue.

Taste buds are part of the nervous system but will be covered quickly now. They will be addressed again later.

• Activity! Sour Patch Kid.– Place Sour Patch Kid in the four place of your

tongue. Which is the most sour?

• Activity! Salt Water.– Mix up a solution of table salt and warm

water. Have students dip a popsicle stick into the solution and then test to see if the tip the tongue picks up the salty taste.

• Activity! Unsweetened Cocoa Powder– Have students wet a new popsicle stick into

water and then dip it into a container of unsweetened cocoa powder. Then test to see if the back of the tongue picks up the bitter taste.

• Besides the chemical enzymes, what else did you use to break down the piece of bread?

Mechanical Digestion: Physically breaking down the food.

ollows

• The Digestive System uses a combination of mechanical and chemical means to break down food.

Learn more about mechanical and chemical digestion at… http://www.smartlivingnetwork.com/digestive/b/mechanical-and-chemical-digestion/

• Activity! Eating an Apple.

• Activity! Eating an Apple.– Draw a before picture of the apple, and your

best guess of what the apple looks like after 35 number of chews to one swallow per bite.

– Open your mouth after 35 chews and have neighbor draw apple.

– Everyone eat the apple. Was 35 chews per bite too much or too little?

• Chewing your food is an important part of digestion.

• Chewing your food is an important part of digestion. – Your stomach has no teeth.– Chewing allows the chemical digestion

process to act on your food more easily. – Relax and enjoy, take your time, chew often.

• Chewing your food is an important part of digestion. – Your stomach has no teeth.– Chewing allows the chemical digestion

• Chewing your food is an important part of digestion. – Your stomach has no teeth– Chewing allows the chemical digestion

• Activity! (Optional) Yummy Snack!

• Activity! (Optional) Yummy Snack!– Draw a (before) and then (after) sketch upon

completion.

completion.– Each student receives a few graham crackers, slices of

banana, and clear plastic sandwich bag.

banana, and clear plastic sandwich bag.– Teacher sprays inside of each bag with clean water

from squirt bottle. (Saliva)

banana, and clear plastic sandwich bag.– Teacher sprays inside of each bag with clean water

from squirt bottle. (Saliva)– Students mix bag with hands (simulates chewing).

Draw end product. –Scoop out and enjoy!

• Activity Sheet! Creating your anatomy resource book. GI Tract / Digestive System– Please label all of the following. Use…– http://www.getbodysmart.com/ap2/systems/tutori

al.html

Pharynx: Part of the throat situated immediately behind the mouth and nasal cavity

• What is this?

• When you swallow (reflex), your muscles (tongue) move food into your throat and cause your epiglottis to close.

The three phases of swallowing… Learn more at… http://stroke.about.com/od/caregiverresources/qt/swallowphases.htm

Esophagus: The tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach. (Smooth Muscle)

• The esophagus is covered with a slimy mucous that aids movement. – (12 seconds to travel to stomach)

Peristalsis: Waves of rhythmic muscular contractions that push / move food.

• Optional Activity! Teacher or volunteer student swallows some food upside down.– Peristalsis can move food against gravity.– Please make item something that won’t cause

a choking hazard. (chew prior)– Teacher or volunteer can lay over edge of

table or handstand.

• Video! Peristalsis in the antrum (Lower part of stomach).– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o18UycWR

• Activity! Going Golfing– Class needs to move 5 golf ball through the

digestive track using peristalsis. Eyes Closed? – Students form line one across from another.– Wet hands and use dish soap for mucous.

- You can only squeeze hands.

• PowerPoint Review Game: The Digestive System

• The Human Body Systems and Health Topics Unit also includes…

• 13 Part 8,500 Slide PowerPoint• 39 Page bundled homework package that

chronologically follows the slideshow.• 60 Pages of unit notes with visuals.• 5 PowerPoint review games (125+ slide each)• 108+ video links• Answer Keys, lab activity sheets, readings, rubrics,

curriculum guide, crosswords and much more.• http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Human_Body_Systems_and

_Health_Topics_Unit.html

Sincerely, Ryan Murphy M.Ed

• “AYE” Advance Your Exploration ELA and Literacy Opportunity Worksheet– Visit some of the many provided links or..– Articles can be found at (w/ membership to

NABT and NSTA)• http://

www.nabt.org/websites/institution/index.php?p=1• http://learningcenter.nsta.org/browse_journals.aspx?j

ournal=tstPlease visit at least one of the “learn more” educational links provided in this unit and complete this worksheet.

• “AYE” Advance Your Exploration ELA and Literacy Opportunity Worksheet– Visit some of the many provided links or..– Articles can be found at (w/ membership to NABT

and NSTA)• http://www.nabt.org/websites/institution/index.php?p=1• http://learningcenter.nsta.org/browse_journals.aspx?jo

urnal=tst

Areas of focus: Form Follows Function concept spread throughout. Levels of biological organization, cell basics, cells of the body, tissues, organs, organ systems, homeostasis, functions of the skeletal system, categories of bones, marrow, bones of the human body, bone disease, types of joints, muscular system, connective tissues, ligaments, tendons, muscles and energy use, types of muscle tissue, muscle fibers and movement, common muscles, biological molecules and important nutrients to the body (extensive), learning the contents of junk food, calories, obesity, fast food, eating disorders, anabolic steroids, digestive system, mechanical and chemical digestion, taste, enzymes, swallowing reflex, esophagus and peristalsis, organs of the GI Tract, focus on chemical digestion, duodenum, stomach, pancreas, liver, gall bladder, small intestine, villi and surface area, large intestine, appendix, rectum, cardiovascular system, cellular respiration, functions of the circulatory system, movement of blood, focus on the heart, blood vessels, cardiovascular disease, contents of blood, blood types, functions of the respiratory system, the nose, epiglottis, larynx and vocal cords, trachea, bronchus, lungs, alveoli, diaphragm, lung capacity, dangers of smoking, cancer, how to avoid cancer, skin cancer, what's inside a cigarette, smoking and advertising, excretory system, kidneys, urine, inside the nephron, ureters, bladder, urethra, kidney's role in detoxifying, cirrhosis of the liver, integumentary system (skin), functions of the skin, anatomy of skin, fingerprints, nervous system, stimulus, anatomy of a neuron, types of neurons, voluntary and involuntary functions, central and peripheral nervous systems, regions of the brain and roles, right brain vs. left brain, spinal cord injuries, anatomy of the eye and sight, lenses, rods and cones, night vision, anatomy of the nose and smell, dangers of inhalants, anatomy of the ear and hearing, noise induced hearing loss, sense of touch, the adolescent brain -whoa!, lobes of the brain, endocrine system, glands, hormones, activities in your body, endocrine system vs. nervous system, exocrine glands, puberty, body stability, parenting, male and female reproductive systems, sex cells, chromosomes, fertilization, menstrual cycle, placenta, embryo development, dangers of smoking and drinking while pregnant, immune system, diseases, how diseases are spread, the immune response, parasites, vaccines, virus prevention, HIV, HIV transmission, abstinence vs. prevention, AIDS, STD's, and much more. (8,500 Slides)

Full unit can found at… http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Human_Body_Systems_and_Health_Topics_Unit.html

Additional Standards Addressed

• Please visit the links below to learn more about each of the units in this curriculum– These units take me about four years to complete

with my students in grades 5-10.

Earth Science Units Extended Tour Link and Curriculum Guide

Geology Topics Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Geology_Unit.html

Astronomy Topics Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Astronomy_Unit.html

Weather and Climate Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Weather_Climate_Unit.html

Soil Science, Weathering, More http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Soil_and_Glaciers_Unit.html

Water Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Water_Molecule_Unit.html

Rivers Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/River_and_Water_Quality_Unit.html

= Easier = More Difficult = Most Difficult

5th – 7th grade 6th – 8th grade 8th – 10th grade

Physical Science Units Extended Tour Link and Curriculum Guide

Science Skills Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Science_Introduction_Lab_Safety_Metric_Methods.html

Motion and Machines Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Newtons_Laws_Motion_Machines_Unit.html

Matter, Energy, Envs. Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Energy_Topics_Unit.html

Atoms and Periodic Table Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Atoms_Periodic_Table_of_Elements_Unit.html

Life Science Units Extended Tour Link and Curriculum Guide

Human Body / Health Topics http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Human_Body_Systems_and_Health_Topics_Unit.html

DNA and Genetics Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/DNA_Genetics_Unit.html

Cell Biology Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Cellular_Biology_Unit.html

Infectious Diseases Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Infectious_Diseases_Unit.html

Taxonomy and Classification Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Taxonomy_Classification_Unit.html

Evolution / Natural Selection Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Evolution_Natural_Selection_Unit.html

Botany Topics Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Plant_Botany_Unit.html

Ecology Feeding Levels Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Ecology_Feeding_Levels_Unit.htm

Ecology Interactions Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Ecology_Interactions_Unit.html

Ecology Abiotic Factors Unit http://sciencepowerpoint.com/Ecology_Abiotic_Factors_Unit.html

• Thank you for your time and interest in this curriculum tour. Please visit the welcome / guide on how a unit works and link to the many unit previews to see the PowerPoint slideshows, bundled homework, review games, unit notes, and much more. Thank you for your interest and please feel free to contact me with any questions you may have. Best wishes.

• Sincerely,• Ryan Murphy M.Ed• ryemurf@gmail.com

• The entire four year curriculum can be found at... http://sciencepowerpoint.com/ Please feel free to contact me with any questions you may have. Thank you for your interest in this curriculum.

Sincerely,

Ryan Murphy M.Ed

www.sciencepowerpoint@gmail.com

Human Body Unit Part VI/XIII The Digestive System Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

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