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8/3/2019 Final Biomarker
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BY:PARESH TIWARI
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Introduction
Classification
Application
Future trends
References
Contents
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A biomarker indicates a change in expression or
state of a protein that correlates with the risk or
progression of a disease to a given treatment.
It may be a traceable substance that is introduced into an organism as a means to examine organ
function or other aspect of health.
It can also be a substance whose detection indicates aparticular disease state. e.g. The presence of anantibody may indicate an infection.
Introduction
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Based on the discovery and use of biomarkers forclinical purpose, they have been classified as-
Therapeutic biomarkers
Diagnostic biomarkers
Prognostic biomarkers
Classification
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More rapidly observed than clinical outcome
Lesser variability in results than clinical measure
Easier to measure
Less expensive
Sensitive and Accurate
Why Biomarkers???
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THERAPEUTIC
CYCLIN D3
Expressionconfers
resistance to
ERLOTINIB
DIAGNOSTIC
GALECTIN-1
Specific biomarkerin assessing toxicity
of Arsenic Exposure
PROGNOSTIC
CD-10EXPRESSION
Prognostic incolorectal cancer
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Preparation of Biomarkers
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Biomarkers have several applications, but mostlythey are used in three main areas-
Discovery
Clinical
Diagnostics.
Application
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Biomarkers are now proving to be important
molecules whose detection can help predict the
presence of diseases like cancer, Alzheimer's diseaseand Parkinson's disease at an early phase.
In the future, they will be a common promisingdiagnostic tool for clinicians for the early detection ofthese diseases.
Early disease identification1
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Currently, researchers use very advanced techniques
such as proteomics to find these proteins (biomarkers)
specific to various disorders, which may offer apotential target for drug treatment.
Biomarkers help researchers understand the diseaseprocess at the protein expression level.
A study of biomarkers would help pharmaceutical
companies in validating drug targets.
Identifying potential drug targets2
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Biomarkers can help physicians by
monitoring the response of medicationadministered to patients suffering fromserious ailments
Judging the efficacy of a particular drug
regimen in terms of cure rate.
Predicting the response of patients tomedications
3
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Biomarkers play a major role in reducing trial
duration by predicting drug efficacy inanimal models and human trials by acting assurrogate primary endpoints.
Help accelerate clinical trials4
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Biomarkers would help physicians prescribe the
right medication to the right patient.
This would help in reducing the side effects
This is because the same disease can progressthrough different pathways in different patients.
Personalized medicine5
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Biomarker Type Source Cancer type Clinical use
Humanchorionicgonadotropin
Glycoprotein Serum Testicular Staging
CA19-9 Carbohydrate Serum Pancreatic Monitoring
Thyroglobulin Protein Serum Thyroid Monitoring
HER-2 Protein Serum Breast Monitoring
BTA Protein Urine Bladder Monitoring
Biomarkers used in cancer
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Biomarkers is currently considered most clinically useful
and reliable: New researches are going on B natriureticpeptide, C-reactive protein and myoglobin.
The role played by heart-type fatty acid binding protein,
ischemia-modified albumin, and homocysteine in theevaluation of patients presenting with suspected acutecoronary syndrome.
Future trends
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Breast cancer is one of the most common and leading
causes of cancer death in women. Recently, HER-2/neu(Human Epidermal growth factor Receptor 2)in breast cancer has been routinely used to guidetreatment of using Trastuzumab.
The current understanding of specific acuteinflammatory markers and their use to identifystable, vulnerable or ruptured atherosclerotic plaque.
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Nagappa A and Datta V, Biomarkers:Opportunities inDiagnostic and Therapeutics,The Pharma Review,May2011,P no.;157-160
Sergy llyin E.Stanley M and Carlos R,BiomarkerDiscovery And Validation: Technologies And IntegrativeApproaches Trends In Biotechnology, Vol 22, Issue 8,2004,P 411-416
Biomarkers in the Preclinical and Early Phases of RA,http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/750136_3
Biomarker database: environmental assessmenthttp://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/cfm/recordisplay.cfm?deid=
85844
References
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