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El presente del Subjuntivo
The Indicative
Up to now you have been using verbs in the indicative mood, which is used to talk about facts or actual events.
The Indicative
Aprendo francés para mi viaje.
The Subjunctive
Spanish has another way of using verbs called the subjunctive mood.
The Subjunctive
We use it to say what one person does or doesn’t want, tell, suggest, or recommend someone else to do.
The Subjunctive
We form the present subjunctive of most verbs the same way we form negative tú commands, Usted and Ustedes commands..
The Subjunctive
We drop the -o of the present-tense indicative yo form and add the subjunctive endings.
The Subjunctive
For -ar verbs:e, es, e, emos, éis, enFor -er/-ir verbs:a, as, a, amos, áis, an
Irregular Subjunctive Verbs
As with commands, if there is a stem change all forms will change in the subjunctive except for the nosotros and vosotros forms.
Sembrar – to plant
siembro
siembres
siembre
sembremos
sembréis
siembren
Irregular Subjunctive Verbs
As in negative commands, irregular verbs that add a “g” to the stem in the present-tense yo form also have a “g” in the present subjunctive.
Irregular Subjunctive Verbs
caersedecirhacerponersalir
tenertraer
Irregular Subjunctive Verbs
hacer hag-o haga
tener teng-o tenga
Tener – to have
tenga
tengas
tenga
tengamos
Tengáis
tengan
The Subjunctive
The present subjunctive has the same spelling changes in any verb with an irregular yo form. (just like negative tú commands, Usted and Ustedes commands.
CONOCER – to know
conozca
conozcas
conozca
conozcamos
conozcáis
conozcan
Irregular Subjunctive Verbs
Also verbs ending in –car, -gar, and –zar have a spell change in order to maintain the original sound.
Irregular Subjunctive Verbs
buscar busco busque
pagar pago pague
cruzar cruzo cruce
Irregular Subjunctive Verbs
D – Dar (Dé, des, dé, demos deis den)
I – IR (vaya, vayas vaya, vayamos, vayáis, vayan)
S – Ser (Sea, seas, sea, seamos, seáis, sean)
H – Haber (haya, hayas, haya, hayamos, hayáis, hayan)
E – Estar (esté, estés, esté, estemos, estéis, estén)
S – Saber (sepa, sepas, sepa, sepamos, sepáis, sepan)
When to use Subjunctive
1. A sentence that includes the subjunctive form has two parts connected by the word que.
For example:
The Subjunctive
Quiero que tú superes los obstáculos.
I want you to overcome obstacles.
2. A verb of Volition(what may or may not happen):
W – Wishes, WantsE – Emotions, feelings, thoughts I – Impersonal ExpressionsR – Requests, RecommendationsD – Doubt, Denial, DisagreementO – Ojalá (I hope to God)
The Subjunctive
Sugiero que bebas agua antes de correr.
I suggest that you drink water before running.
The Subjunctive
El entrenador exige que los atletas estiren los músculos.
The trainer demands that the athletes stretch their muscles.
The Subjunctive Es necesario que protejas el medio
ambiente. It’s necessary that you protect the
environment. Es importante que los jóvenes
solucionen los problemas. It’s important that the young people
solve problems.
3. A change of subject
Note that the subjunctive sentences have two parts, each with a different subject, connected by the word que:
2 Clauses
Ella sugiere que yo aprenda francés
Independent clause(stands on its own)Subject > Verb
Separated by the word “que”
Dependent clause (can’t stand on its own)Begins with the word “que.”
Indicative Verb
Subjunctive Verb
The Subjunctive
The first subject uses the present indicative verb (of volition) + que and the second subject uses the present subjunctive verb (what should happen).
The Subjunctive
Verbs that are often follewed by que + subjunctive:
Decir Insistir en Necesitar Permitir Preferir (e > ie)
Prohibir Querer (e > ie) Recomendar (e > ie) Sugerir (e > ie)
PRACTICE
Es necesario que tú _________ (hacer) la tarea.
Mi madre quiere que yo _______ (sacar) buenas notas.
Es preciso ________(beber) mucha agua todos los días.
Ojalá que la actividad no _______(ser) plantar árboles
hagas
saque
bebas
sea
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