Lesson 9Imperatives

Latin IFeb. 3-7, 2014

Moody Verbs• Verbs have moods.• Indicative mood, subjunctive mood,

imperative mood.• The indicative mood is used to make

statements or ask questions.• We have learned the present tense indicative

and future tense indicative.

Present Imperative Verbs

• Imperative mood: used to give commands.• Announce the news!• Carry the water, slave.• Show the road to the girls.• Sailors, prepare the boat!

Present Imperative Verbs

• A singular imperative gives a command to ONE person.

• In Latin, the singular imperative is the same as the present stem of the verb…drop the –re from the infinitive.

• porto, portare: carry• singular imperative: PORTA! (carry!)

Practicing Imperatives

Infinitive

• amare• laudare• portare• navigare• parare

Singular Imperative

• Ama! • Lauda! • Porta! • Naviga!• Para!

Practicing Imperatives

• Puella, porta aquam!

Present Imperative Verbs

• A plural imperative gives a command to more than one person.

• To form the plural imperative, just add –te to the singular imperative.

• porto, portare: carry• Plural imperative: porta + te = PORTATE!

Practicing Imperatives

Infinitive

• amare• laudare• portare• navigare• parare

Plural Imperative

• Amate!• Laudate!• Portate!• Navigate!• Parate!

Practicing Imperatives

• Puellae, portate aquam!

Present Imperative Verbs

• An imperative usually stands at or near the beginning of a Latin sentence.

• Do not confuse the –a ending of the singular imperative with the ablative noun ending –a. The imperative is used only with verb words.

Things to Take Away From This Lesson

• Imperative verbs give commands.• The singular imperative verb is the verb stem.• The plural imperative verb is the verb stem +

-te.

Imperative Practice!Confer with your BFF’s and be ready to translate!

• 1. Puella, porta aquam ad casam.• 2. Navigate ad insulam, nautae!• 3. Para cibum!• 4. Ama filiam tuam et filia tua te (you) amabit.• 5. Serva pecuniam tuam.

Negative Imperatives

• What if you want to tell someone NOT to do something?

• Girls, don’t carry the water!

Negative Imperatives

• Meet your negative command words:

• These words pair up with the INFINITIVE (2nd principle part) verb: the –RE form. But we don’t drop the –RE this time.

NOLI NOLITE

Finding the Infinitive

• porto, portare, portavi, portatus

Negative Imperatives

• Girl, don’t carry the water!• Puella, noli portare aquam!

Negative Imperatives

• Girls, don’t carry the water!• Puellae, nolite portare aquam!

Things to Take Away From This Lesson

• Negative imperative verbs give “don’t…” commands.

• The singular negative command is “noli …” plus the infinitive.

• The plural negative command is “nolite…” plus the infinitive.

Negative Imperative Practice!Write Latin AND English and turn in!

Keep the commas in place.

• 1. Julia, noli parare cibum cras.• 2. Nolite amare pecuniam, amici.• 3. Nolite navigare ad insulam, nautae!• 4. Anna, noli amare agricolam malum.